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Thasusa

2026-09-04T02:54:59Z

Jutomi: reverted the OTHER number because Cyryka does in fact still exist and what I thought was Cyryka was actually something else m'bad >_>

[[File:Continent thasusa.png|thumb]]
[[File:Thasusa.png|thumb|alt=Map of Thasusa|Map of Thasusa (note: Pihi and Tanzang colony of Mosas not labeled, and map outdated.)]]
'''Thasusa''' {{ipa|/θəˈsu.sə/}} (commonly misread as '''Thausa''' or even '''Thausia''') is a [[continent]] located in the center of the [[ŋorld]]. It is the location of [[Spawn]] and hosts 22 [[Ŋation|ŋations]], 5 foreign territories, 5 condominiums and 2 extraŋational territories.

According to the[[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme| geoscheme of the United Ŋations Office for Cartography]], Thasusa includes [[Gesigak]], a region in the northeast of Thasusa with close ties to [[Slabland]].

== Name ==
The name ‘Thasusa’ originates from [[Śácamþaśá]] ''Þásþusa'' {{Script|script=thl|t=sAzuszo}}, meaning ‘Center Axis’.
{{Trans|
{{Trans/item|Araçanic| ''Çaçhusa'' {{ipa|/s̪as̪.hu.sa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Japanese|サスサ ''Sasusa'' {{ipa|/sasɯsa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Kygami|''Casusa'' {{ipa|[tsəˈsu.sə]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Śácamþaśá|''Þásþusa'' {{Script|script=thl|t=sAzuszo}} {{ipa|/'θɑː(s)θusɐ/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Xindvâ|{{script|script=nuyxo|t=}} ''Thôsusa'' {{ipa|[θə.su.sə]}}}}
}}

== Ŋations in Thasusa ==
* [['Arbor 'Iland|''<nowiki/>'Arbor 'Iland'']] (condominium of [[Jutland]] and [[Kabazat]]; protectorate of Kabazat)
* [[Arktsev]]
* [[Aswnga|Aswnga and Axolotlland]]
* [[Atlantis]] (partially in [[Slabland]]; includes [[Southern Rivers]])
* [[Aylongam]]
* [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|''Cyryká'']] (condominium of [[Wánade|FORC]] and [[Fenizuela]])
* [[Fenizuela]]
* [[Kabazat]]
* [[Keltechra]]
* [[Kozdenen]] ([[Chielbary]])
* [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen, Kingdom of]] ([[Republic of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]], [[Marcyland]], [[Showhen Islands]]; partially in [[Slabland]])
* [[Liauolên]]
* [[MápabaL]] (partially in [[Slabland]] and [[Gadicinta]])
* [[Mdinart'in rar'i]] (protectorate of [[United Ildorgear State]])
* [[Myžariky]] (including [[Spawn]])
* [[Nāroňpār]]
* ''[[Ŋibraltar]]'' (condominium*: self-governing district of [[Xarslasja]] [[Compact of Free Association|in free association with]] [[Kyaw Cen]])
* [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|''Okańu'']] (condominium of [[Wánade|FORC]] and [[Unaffiliated Villages Collective]])
* [[Patra]]
* [[Pelialis]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Pihi]] (partially in [[Archipelagia]])
* [[Pua|Pua, Floracratic Republic of]]
* ''[[Surprise]]'' (condominium of [[Kozdenen]] [''Chielbary''] and [[Xarslasja]])
* [[United Ildorgear State]]
* [[Xarslasja]]
* [[Xtrakva]] (only [[Shroomland]], which was formerly a condominium)
* [[Wánade|FORC]] (only [[Honokilīk]])

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Araçana]] (annexed by [[Kozdenen]])
* [[Chielbary]] (annexed by [[Kozdenen]])
* [[East Pua]] (merged with [[West Pua]] into [[Pua]])
* [[Fishland]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Haneburg]]
* [[Kog'eññe]] (no longer a [[UŊ]] protectorate)
* [[West Pua]] (merged with [[East Pua]] into [[Pua]])
* [[Xangjûm]]
* [[Þunan Qumreá]] (including [[Pais Transanguino Ranitino]]; partially in [[Ŋafrica]])

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Thasusa ==

* [[Maraśa]] ([[Þunan Qumreá#Provinces#Muweweśáj|Muweweśáj]])
* [[Maize]]
* [[Tanzang]] ([[Mosas]] Colony)
* [[Stej Ven]] ([[Gagma Balls]] territory)
* [[Viberia]]

== Extraŋational Territories in Thasusa ==

* [[Thasusan Union]] ([[Þunan Ŋáce]])

* [[Vee's Base]] ([[The Hole]])

=== Former Extraŋational Territories ===

* [[Sq's Territories]] (mostly in the [[Land of Chaos]])

Tardigradia

2026-09-04T02:49:45Z

Jutomi: /* Extraŋational Territories */ EETed the

[[File:Continents.png|thumb|alt=Map of continents|Map of continents]]
'''Tardigradia''' is a [[continent]] located in the southeast of the [[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme|ŋorld]] and hosts 10 [[Country|countries]] and 2 extraŋational territories. Tardigradia used to be part of the former-continent [[Cornertopia]].

== Ŋations in Tardigradia ==
* [[Antilvakia]]
* [[Aprux Mexyrhat]] ([[Aunsait]] and [[Kiakus'a]])

* [[Cataw]] ([[Timatyab]])

* [[Coldba (Cuba)]] ([[Ruined Capitol|Middle Cuba]])
* [[Corneria]] (partially in [[Aŋtarctica]])
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Gevsaksavli]]; partially in the [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[New Maeksikeo]] (partially in [[Slabland]])
* [[T'anshilebs]] (mostly in [[Gadicinta]])
* [[Paz Kiiam]]
* [[Pelialis]] (partially in [[Thasusa]])

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Fishland]] (partially in Thasusa)
* [[Gevsaksavli]] (partially in the [[Land of Chaos]]; joined [[Atlantis]])

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Tardigradia ==

=== Former Foreign Territories ===

* Coldba (Cuba) ([[Bad to the Land]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[Far Eastern Rail and Road Association|FERRA]], [[Exclusive Economic Territory]] ([[Emberland]], [[Ovvú Jičeiñŋã|Tsiccengair Territory]])
* [[ŊATO]] ([[Baarzenstad]])

=== Former Extra ===

Gadicinta

2026-09-04T02:38:06Z

Jutomi: /* Ŋations in Gadicinta */ FORC

[[File:Continents.png|thumb|alt=Map of continents|Map of continents]]

'''Gadicinta''' (official [[Far Eastern Rail and Road Association|FERRA]] pronounciation: /gədit͡ʃiŋtə/) is a continent in the eastern part of the [[ŋorld]] that hosts eleven [[List of sovereign states|countries]] and several extraŋational territories, including [[House (Territory)|House]], [[Martinus' Territories]], the [[Public Universal Mushroom Island]] and the [[Exclusive Economic Territory]] of [[Far Eastern Rail and Road Association|FERRA]].

== History ==
Gadicinta was previously known as [[Balloon World]], before the vote number 27 that took place in the organization of [[Far Eastern Rail and Road Association|FERRA]] on 4 June 2025. The name comes from [[w:Kanuri_language|Kanuri]] Gədi Cintə meaning far east.

== Ŋations in Gadicinta ==
* [[Atlantis]]
* [[är-ränó]]

* [[Aprux Mexyrhat]]
* [[Brocade (Settlement)|Brocade]]
* [[B’hiy’aj Dchâjâ]]
* [[Corneria, Anarchist Workers Republic of|Corneria]]
* [[Kolonôj]]
* [[MápabaL]] ([[Hod Raso]]; partially in [[Slabland]] and [[Thasusa]])
* [[T'anshilebs]] (partially in the [[Land of Chaos]] and [[Tardigradia]])
* [[The]]
* [[Wánade|FORC]] (only [[Ránada]] [<nowiki/>[[Yázka]] and [[Dalazba]]]; partially in [[Thasusa]])

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[CMCic Federation]]
* [[Keis-Spucke Administration]]
* [[Kīvengṓ]]
* [[Lavvakcesaa]] (mostly in Slabland)
* [[Ḿaro]]
* [[Tanylezi]] (partially in Slabland)
[[Tanylezi|Corneria]] previously owned the Public Universal Mushroom Island before its size was reduced.

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[FERRA]] ([[Exclusive Economic Territory]]; partially in Tardigradia)
* [[House (Territory)|House]]
* [[Martinus' Territories]]
* [[Old Kingdom]] (mostly in [[Slabland]])
* [[Public Universal Mushroom Island]] (publicly maintained)

=== Former Territories ===

* [[sq's Territories]]

== In other languages ==
{{Trans|{{Trans/item|Kośtsiśtsi|''Gaditśińta'' {{Ipa|['gaditɕiɲta]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Oge|''Gedycýńte'' {{Ipa|[ˌɡɛðiʲˈt͡ʃiʲɴt̪ɛˑ]}}}}}}

Thasusa

2026-09-04T02:35:42Z

Jutomi: forc

[[File:Continent thasusa.png|thumb]]
[[File:Thasusa.png|thumb|alt=Map of Thasusa|Map of Thasusa (note: Pihi and Tanzang colony of Mosas not labeled, and map outdated.)]]
'''Thasusa''' {{ipa|/θəˈsu.sə/}} (commonly misread as '''Thausa''' or even '''Thausia''') is a [[continent]] located in the center of the [[ŋorld]]. It is the location of [[Spawn]] and hosts 22 [[Ŋation|ŋations]], 5 foreign territories, 4 condominiums and 2 extraŋational territories.

According to the[[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme| geoscheme of the United Ŋations Office for Cartography]], Thasusa includes [[Gesigak]], a region in the northeast of Thasusa with close ties to [[Slabland]].

== Name ==
The name ‘Thasusa’ originates from [[Śácamþaśá]] ''Þásþusa'' {{Script|script=thl|t=sAzuszo}}, meaning ‘Center Axis’.
{{Trans|
{{Trans/item|Araçanic| ''Çaçhusa'' {{ipa|/s̪as̪.hu.sa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Japanese|サスサ ''Sasusa'' {{ipa|/sasɯsa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Kygami|''Casusa'' {{ipa|[tsəˈsu.sə]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Śácamþaśá|''Þásþusa'' {{Script|script=thl|t=sAzuszo}} {{ipa|/'θɑː(s)θusɐ/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Xindvâ|{{script|script=nuyxo|t=}} ''Thôsusa'' {{ipa|[θə.su.sə]}}}}
}}

== Ŋations in Thasusa ==
* [['Arbor 'Iland|''<nowiki/>'Arbor 'Iland'']] (condominium of [[Jutland]] and [[Kabazat]]; protectorate of Kabazat)
* [[Arktsev]]
* [[Aswnga|Aswnga and Axolotlland]]
* [[Atlantis]] (partially in [[Slabland]]; includes [[Southern Rivers]])
* [[Aylongam]]
* [[Fenizuela]]
* [[Kabazat]]
* [[Keltechra]]
* [[Kozdenen]] ([[Chielbary]])
* [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen, Kingdom of]] ([[Republic of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]], [[Marcyland]], [[Showhen Islands]]; partially in [[Slabland]])
* [[Liauolên]]
* [[MápabaL]] (partially in [[Slabland]] and [[Gadicinta]])
* [[Mdinart'in rar'i]] (protectorate of [[United Ildorgear State]])
* [[Myžariky]] (including [[Spawn]])
* [[Nāroňpār]]
* ''[[Ŋibraltar]]'' (condominium*: self-governing district of [[Xarslasja]] [[Compact of Free Association|in free association with]] [[Kyaw Cen]])
* [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|''Okańu'']] (condominium of [[Wánade|FORC]] and [[Unaffiliated Villages Collective]])
* [[Patra]]
* [[Pelialis]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Pihi]] (partially in [[Archipelagia]])
* [[Pua|Pua, Floracratic Republic of]]
* ''[[Surprise]]'' (condominium of [[Kozdenen]] [''Chielbary''] and [[Xarslasja]])
* [[United Ildorgear State]]
* [[Xarslasja]]
* [[Xtrakva]] (only [[Shroomland]], which was formerly a condominium)
* [[Wánade|FORC]] (only [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|Cyryká]], which was formerly a condominium with [[Fenizuela]]; see above for [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|Okańu]])

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Araçana]] (annexed by [[Kozdenen]])
* [[Chielbary]] (annexed by [[Kozdenen]])
* [[East Pua]] (merged with [[West Pua]] into [[Pua]])
* [[Fishland]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Haneburg]]
* [[Kog'eññe]] (no longer a [[UŊ]] protectorate)
* [[West Pua]] (merged with [[East Pua]] into [[Pua]])
* [[Xangjûm]]
* [[Þunan Qumreá]] (including [[Pais Transanguino Ranitino]]; partially in [[Ŋafrica]])

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Thasusa ==

* [[Maraśa]] ([[Þunan Qumreá#Provinces#Muweweśáj|Muweweśáj]])
* [[Maize]]
* [[Tanzang]] ([[Mosas]] Colony)
* [[Stej Ven]] ([[Gagma Balls]] territory)
* [[Viberia]]

== Extraŋational Territories in Thasusa ==

* [[Thasusan Union]] ([[Þunan Ŋáce]])

* [[Vee's Base]] ([[The Hole]])

=== Former Extraŋational Territories ===

* [[Sq's Territories]] (mostly in the [[Land of Chaos]])

Thasusa

2026-09-04T02:29:58Z

Jutomi: /* Ŋations in Thasusa */ nvm reverted ngation count because friggin ANNEXATION rip aracana also updated info on how chielbary and east/west pua ceased to exist

[[File:Continent thasusa.png|thumb]]
[[File:Thasusa.png|thumb|alt=Map of Thasusa|Map of Thasusa (note: Pihi and Tanzang colony of Mosas not labeled, and map outdated.)]]
'''Thasusa''' {{ipa|/θəˈsu.sə/}} (commonly misread as '''Thausa''' or even '''Thausia''') is a [[continent]] located in the center of the [[ŋorld]]. It is the location of [[Spawn]] and hosts 22 [[Ŋation|ŋations]], 5 foreign territories, 4 condominiums and 2 extraŋational territories.

According to the[[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme| geoscheme of the United Ŋations Office for Cartography]], Thasusa includes [[Gesigak]], a region in the northeast of Thasusa with close ties to [[Slabland]].

== Name ==
The name ‘Thasusa’ originates from [[Śácamþaśá]] ''Þásþusa'' {{Script|script=thl|t=sAzuszo}}, meaning ‘Center Axis’.
{{Trans|
{{Trans/item|Araçanic| ''Çaçhusa'' {{ipa|/s̪as̪.hu.sa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Japanese|サスサ ''Sasusa'' {{ipa|/sasɯsa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Kygami|''Casusa'' {{ipa|[tsəˈsu.sə]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Śácamþaśá|''Þásþusa'' {{Script|script=thl|t=sAzuszo}} {{ipa|/'θɑː(s)θusɐ/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Xindvâ|{{script|script=nuyxo|t=}} ''Thôsusa'' {{ipa|[θə.su.sə]}}}}
}}

== Ŋations in Thasusa ==
* [['Arbor 'Iland|''<nowiki/>'Arbor 'Iland'']] (condominium of [[Jutland]] and [[Kabazat]]; protectorate of Kabazat)
* [[Arktsev]]
* [[Aswnga|Aswnga and Axolotlland]]
* [[Atlantis]] (partially in [[Slabland]]; includes [[Southern Rivers]])
* [[Aylongam]]
* [[Fenizuela]]
* [[Kabazat]]
* [[Keltechra]]
* [[Kozdenen]] ([[Chielbary]])
* [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen, Kingdom of]] ([[Republic of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]], [[Marcyland]], [[Showhen Islands]]; partially in [[Slabland]])
* [[Liauolên]]
* [[MápabaL]] (partially in [[Slabland]] and [[Gadicinta]])
* [[Mdinart'in rar'i]] (protectorate of [[United Ildorgear State]])
* [[Myžariky]] (including [[Spawn]])
* [[Nāroňpār]]
* ''[[Ŋibraltar]]'' (condominium*: self-governing district of [[Xarslasja]] [[Compact of Free Association|in free association with]] [[Kyaw Cen]])
* [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|''Okańu'']] (condominium of [[Wánade]] and [[Unaffiliated Villages Collective]])
* [[Patra]]
* [[Pelialis]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Pihi]] (partially in [[Archipelagia]])
* [[Pua|Pua, Floracratic Republic of]]
* ''[[Surprise]]'' (condominium of [[Kozdenen]] [''Chielbary''] and [[Xarslasja]])
* [[United Ildorgear State]]
* [[Xarslasja]]
* [[Xtrakva]] (only [[Shroomland]], which was formerly a condominium)
* [[Wánade]] (only [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|Cyryká]], which was formerly a condominium with [[Fenizuela]]; see above for [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|Okańu]])

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Araçana]] (annexed by [[Kozdenen]])
* [[Chielbary]] (annexed by [[Kozdenen]])
* [[East Pua]] (merged with [[West Pua]] into [[Pua]])
* [[Fishland]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Haneburg]]
* [[Kog'eññe]] (no longer a [[UŊ]] protectorate)
* [[West Pua]] (merged with [[East Pua]] into [[Pua]])
* [[Xangjûm]]
* [[Þunan Qumreá]] (including [[Pais Transanguino Ranitino]]; partially in [[Ŋafrica]])

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Thasusa ==

* [[Maraśa]] ([[Þunan Qumreá#Provinces#Muweweśáj|Muweweśáj]])
* [[Maize]]
* [[Tanzang]] ([[Mosas]] Colony)
* [[Stej Ven]] ([[Gagma Balls]] territory)
* [[Viberia]]

== Extraŋational Territories in Thasusa ==

* [[Thasusan Union]] ([[Þunan Ŋáce]])

* [[Vee's Base]] ([[The Hole]])

=== Former Extraŋational Territories ===

* [[Sq's Territories]] (mostly in the [[Land of Chaos]])

Archipelagia

2026-09-04T02:26:09Z

Jutomi: f

[[File:Continent greenland.png|thumb]]
[[File:South archipelagia map.png|thumb|map of Nations in southern Archipelagia (revised to 16.03.2026) ]]
'''Archipelagia''' or '''Greenland''' is a [[continent]] located in the west of the [[ŋorld]], south of [[Ŋafrica]], and hosts 19 ŋations, 1 condominium, 1 foreign territory, and 2 extraŋational territories.

== Ŋations in Archipelagia ==
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Murben't]])
* [[Avenyam|Avenyam, Principality of]]
* [[Coldba (Cuba)]]
* ''[[Doggerland]]'' (condominium of [[Adnar]], [[Coldba (Cuba)]], [[Hárǝsi]], [[Kaipa]])
* [[Dróstsiśtsi]] (mostly in the [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[Evil Sqamming Country]]
* [[Trévandroumélisse-Frossantiquervrâssonne-d’Prévallondurévrenne-en-Mijonnâ-Tourvléssourinde-pralondure-Méllontrévresse-Vrassédrinourde]]
* [[Hiop Nation]]
* [[Imerchal]] ([[Pòjaj]])
* [[Hárǝsi]]
* [[Hummland]] ([[Hämburg]], [[Neutral Miserly State]])
* [[Zer Makon Hertskomestat ut zer Pfaut Erxaf|The Hertskomestat Syndicate]] (partially in [[Ngegypt]], [[Slabland]] and [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]])
* [[Kaipa|Kaipa, Republic of]]
* [[Pyuwa]] (subordinate of [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]])
* [[Nsadaea]]
* [[Ŋərkey]]
* [[Pihi]] (partially in [[Thasusa]])
* [[Polnareff Land]]
* [[Stej Ven]]
* [[Xarslasja]] (only western [[La Paz County|La Paz]]; mostly in [[Thasusa]])

=== Former Ŋations in Archipelagia ===

*[[Amujxplosion|Amuj]] ([[North Amuj]]; partially in the [[Land of Chaos]] and [[Aŋtarctica]])
*[[Evil Scamming Country]]
* [[The Iron Empire]]
* [[Kiltmo]]
* [[Kotland]]
* [[Hydratic Republic of Lyrcynthinia|Lyrcynthinia, the Hydratic Republic of]]
* [[Murbetia]]
* [[Paz Kiiam]]
* [[Renoriba]] (formerly a [[UŊ]] Protectorate; partially in [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[Saharia]]
* [[Sq's Territories]]

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Archipelagia ==

* [[Viberia]] ([[Moluok Hisom]], partly in [[Ŋafrica]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[John Octahedron]] [[UnUŊ]] Protectorate (formerly part of Evil Scamming Country)

* [[Renoriba|Pelcach]] mod protectorate (former [[UŊ]] protectorate; formerly [[Renoriba]])

Ŋafrica

2026-09-04T02:24:49Z

Jutomi: /* Ŋations in Ŋafrica */ specified

[[File:Continent ngafrica.png|thumb]]
'''Ŋafrica''' is a [[continent]] located in the west.of the [[ŋorld]], north of [[Archipelagia]], and hosts 19 [[Ŋation|ŋations]], 3 foreign territories, and 3 extraŋational territories.

Ŋafrica is named after the [[fakeworld]] continent of Africa, due to both having prominent deserts. The ŋ in front is because this is [[Nguhcraft]]. [[Ŋegypt]] was named in a similar vein. Despite this, Ŋafrica has fewer hot-weather biomes than [[Hlambigla]], and also features a prominent set of cold-weather biomes along its western border.

== Geography ==
Eastern Ŋafrica is comprised primarily of a desert biome, referred to as [[Ŋegypt]]. Ŋafrica generally gets more temperate the further west one travels within it, with the western border having a notable amount of snow. The continent is also home to the only substantial mangrove swamp on the server, and formerly the only substantial pale garden west of spawn (before [[Greenification (Adnar)|someone killed it]]).

== Ŋations in Ŋafrica ==
* [[Adnar]]
* [[Anarchy Chessitory]]
* [['bed|‘bed]]
* [[Caluta]] (partially in Hlambigla)
* [[Dhourigkàn]] (partially in Hlambigla)
* [[Haii Gwaida Pirates]]
* [[Hajdislant]] ([[Oodualant]] aka Yurilant)
* [[Hedamata]]
* [[Hertskomestat|The Hertskomestat Syndicate]] ([[Hertskomestat Ŋegypt|Hertskomestated Ŋegypt]]; partially in [[Archipelagia]], [[Slabland]] and [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]])
* [[Holmierk]]
* [[Hummland]]
* [[Jotlond]]
* [[N'ogabben waYukuz yalelekki]]
* [[Rauratoshan Kingdom]]
* [[Reimusia]]
* [[Spansos Gaming]]
* [[Tanzang]] (partially in Hlambigla)
* [[Vallis Draconum]]
* [[Viberia]] (including [[Moluok Hisom]] which is partly in [[Archipelagia]])

===Former ŋations===
* [[Avazistan]]
* [[Çaigoŋ]]<ref>Çaigoŋ was a breakaway state of Adnar that later reuinified.</ref>
* [[Dnalrehten]]
* [[Islands of Ʒimh Gwynh|Ʒimh Gwynh, Islands of]]
* [[Kiłtmo]]
* [[Maryland]]
* [[Oberia]]<ref name=":0">For more information, see: [[Ŋafrican Ŋapocalypse]]</ref>
* [[Port of Eras]]<ref name=":0" />
* [[Sq's Territories]]<ref>This ŋation gave up all Ŋafrican territory, but did not dissolve. Only afterward did they get annexed by [[Kozdenen]], thus Kozdenen is not present here.</ref>
* [[Þunan Qumreá]] ([[Miŋejacár]])
* [[The Vazr]]
In addition, there was a short-lived, unrecognized territory to the west of [[Spansos Gaming]] named the [[Realm of Turds]] (i.e. Kingdom of Cats)

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Ŋafrica ==

* [[Coldba (Cuba)]] (1989 Era)
* [[Mobile Territories]] ([[Qoatzait]])
* [[Stej Ven]] ([[Birchill]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==
* [[Dave]] mod protectorate (former [[UŊ]] protectorate)
* [[Ŋafrican Union Commission]] ([[Ŋafrican Union]])
* [[Old Kingdom]] (only [[Ŋájaþáw]])

==Names in other languages==
{{Trans|
{{Trans/item|Araçanic|''Ñaprika'' {{ipa|['ɲɘ.pri.ka]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Áwaric|''Ńafrica'' {{ipa|[ˈŋafʀika]}}}}
{{Trans/item|German|''Ŋafrika'' {{ipa|/ˈŋa(ː)fʁika/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Japanese|アフリカ゚ ''Afuri'nga'' {{ipa|/aɸɯɾʲiŋa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Knrawi|''Gàwika''{{Ipa|[ŋa˩ʍɛk̠ɔ]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Kośtsiśtsi|''Ńæfrika''{{Ipa|[ɲæfrikα]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Kygami|''Afika'' {{ipa|[ˈɐ.fi.ŋə]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Rokadong|{{script|script=rkdg|t=}} ''Ngafrika'' {{ipa|[ˈŋafɾikə]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Śácamþaśá|{{script|script=thl|t=qArifgA}} ''Ŋafrica'' {{ipa|[ⁿɡɐfricɐ]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Soc'ul'|''Ñavrice''{{Ipa|[ŋa˧vri˥kʲə˥]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Spanish|''Ŋafrica'' {{ipa|/ŋafɾika/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Tanzangi|''Ŋāfric'' {{ipa|[ŋɑvˈʎik]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Turis|''Niafrica'' {{ipa|[ɲavriga]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Xindvâ|''Ngaphrika'' {{ipa|[ŋæ.fri.kə]}}}}
}}

[[Category:Pages with translation sections]]

Archipelagia

2026-09-04T02:24:12Z

Jutomi: vibe check

[[File:Continent greenland.png|thumb]]
[[File:South archipelagia map.png|thumb|map of Nations in southern Archipelagia (revised to 16.03.2026) ]]
'''Archipelagia''' or '''Greenland''' is a [[continent]] located in the west of the [[ŋorld]], south of [[Ŋafrica]], and hosts 19 ŋations, 1 condominium, and 2 extraŋational territories.

== Ŋations in Archipelagia ==
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Murben't]])
* [[Avenyam|Avenyam, Principality of]]
* [[Coldba (Cuba)]]
* ''[[Doggerland]]'' (condominium of [[Adnar]], [[Coldba (Cuba)]], [[Hárǝsi]], [[Kaipa]])
* [[Dróstsiśtsi]] (mostly in the [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[Evil Sqamming Country]]
* [[Trévandroumélisse-Frossantiquervrâssonne-d’Prévallondurévrenne-en-Mijonnâ-Tourvléssourinde-pralondure-Méllontrévresse-Vrassédrinourde]]
* [[Hiop Nation]]
* [[Imerchal]] ([[Pòjaj]])
* [[Hárǝsi]]
* [[Hummland]] ([[Hämburg]], [[Neutral Miserly State]])
* [[Zer Makon Hertskomestat ut zer Pfaut Erxaf|The Hertskomestat Syndicate]] (partially in [[Ngegypt]], [[Slabland]] and [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]])
* [[Kaipa|Kaipa, Republic of]]
* [[Pyuwa]] (subordinate of [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]])
* [[Nsadaea]]
* [[Ŋərkey]]
* [[Pihi]] (partially in [[Thasusa]])
* [[Polnareff Land]]
* [[Stej Ven]]
* [[Xarslasja]] (only western [[La Paz County|La Paz]]; mostly in [[Thasusa]])

=== Former Ŋations in Archipelagia ===

*[[Amujxplosion|Amuj]] ([[North Amuj]]; partially in the [[Land of Chaos]] and [[Aŋtarctica]])
*[[Evil Scamming Country]]
* [[The Iron Empire]]
* [[Kiltmo]]
* [[Kotland]]
* [[Hydratic Republic of Lyrcynthinia|Lyrcynthinia, the Hydratic Republic of]]
* [[Murbetia]]
* [[Paz Kiiam]]
* [[Renoriba]] (formerly a [[UŊ]] Protectorate; partially in [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[Saharia]]
* [[Sq's Territories]]

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Archipelagia ==

* [[Viberia]] ([[Moluok Hisom]], partly in [[Ŋafrica]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[John Octahedron]] [[UnUŊ]] Protectorate (formerly part of Evil Scamming Country)

* [[Renoriba|Pelcach]] mod protectorate (former [[UŊ]] protectorate; formerly [[Renoriba]])

Ŋafrica

2026-09-04T02:22:22Z

Jutomi: including some info on Viberia colony

[[File:Continent ngafrica.png|thumb]]
'''Ŋafrica''' is a [[continent]] located in the west.of the [[ŋorld]], north of [[Archipelagia]], and hosts 19 [[Ŋation|ŋations]], 3 foreign territories, and 3 extraŋational territories.

Ŋafrica is named after the [[fakeworld]] continent of Africa, due to both having prominent deserts. The ŋ in front is because this is [[Nguhcraft]]. [[Ŋegypt]] was named in a similar vein. Despite this, Ŋafrica has fewer hot-weather biomes than [[Hlambigla]], and also features a prominent set of cold-weather biomes along its western border.

== Geography ==
Eastern Ŋafrica is comprised primarily of a desert biome, referred to as [[Ŋegypt]]. Ŋafrica generally gets more temperate the further west one travels within it, with the western border having a notable amount of snow. The continent is also home to the only substantial mangrove swamp on the server, and formerly the only substantial pale garden west of spawn (before [[Greenification (Adnar)|someone killed it]]).

== Ŋations in Ŋafrica ==
* [[Adnar]]
* [[Anarchy Chessitory]]
* [['bed|‘bed]]
* [[Caluta]] (partially in Hlambigla)
* [[Dhourigkàn]] (partially in Hlambigla)
* [[Haii Gwaida Pirates]]
* [[Hajdislant]] ([[Oodualant]] aka Yurilant)
* [[Hedamata]]
* [[Hertskomestat|The Hertskomestat Syndicate]] ([[Hertskomestat Ŋegypt|Hertskomestated Ŋegypt]]; partially in [[Archipelagia]], [[Slabland]] and [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]])
* [[Holmierk]]
* [[Hummland]]
* [[Jotlond]]
* [[N'ogabben waYukuz yalelekki]]
* [[Rauratoshan Kingdom]]
* [[Reimusia]]
* [[Spansos Gaming]]
* [[Tanzang]] (partially in Hlambigla)
* [[Vallis Draconum]]
* [[Viberia]] (including part of [[Moluok Hisom]])

===Former ŋations===
* [[Avazistan]]
* [[Çaigoŋ]]<ref>Çaigoŋ was a breakaway state of Adnar that later reuinified.</ref>
* [[Dnalrehten]]
* [[Islands of Ʒimh Gwynh|Ʒimh Gwynh, Islands of]]
* [[Kiłtmo]]
* [[Maryland]]
* [[Oberia]]<ref name=":0">For more information, see: [[Ŋafrican Ŋapocalypse]]</ref>
* [[Port of Eras]]<ref name=":0" />
* [[Sq's Territories]]<ref>This ŋation gave up all Ŋafrican territory, but did not dissolve. Only afterward did they get annexed by [[Kozdenen]], thus Kozdenen is not present here.</ref>
* [[Þunan Qumreá]] ([[Miŋejacár]])
* [[The Vazr]]
In addition, there was a short-lived, unrecognized territory to the west of [[Spansos Gaming]] named the [[Realm of Turds]] (i.e. Kingdom of Cats)

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Ŋafrica ==

* [[Coldba (Cuba)]] (1989 Era)
* [[Mobile Territories]] ([[Qoatzait]])
* [[Stej Ven]] ([[Birchill]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==
* [[Dave]] mod protectorate (former [[UŊ]] protectorate)
* [[Ŋafrican Union Commission]] ([[Ŋafrican Union]])
* [[Old Kingdom]] (only [[Ŋájaþáw]])

==Names in other languages==
{{Trans|
{{Trans/item|Araçanic|''Ñaprika'' {{ipa|['ɲɘ.pri.ka]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Áwaric|''Ńafrica'' {{ipa|[ˈŋafʀika]}}}}
{{Trans/item|German|''Ŋafrika'' {{ipa|/ˈŋa(ː)fʁika/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Japanese|アフリカ゚ ''Afuri'nga'' {{ipa|/aɸɯɾʲiŋa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Knrawi|''Gàwika''{{Ipa|[ŋa˩ʍɛk̠ɔ]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Kośtsiśtsi|''Ńæfrika''{{Ipa|[ɲæfrikα]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Kygami|''Afika'' {{ipa|[ˈɐ.fi.ŋə]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Rokadong|{{script|script=rkdg|t=}} ''Ngafrika'' {{ipa|[ˈŋafɾikə]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Śácamþaśá|{{script|script=thl|t=qArifgA}} ''Ŋafrica'' {{ipa|[ⁿɡɐfricɐ]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Soc'ul'|''Ñavrice''{{Ipa|[ŋa˧vri˥kʲə˥]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Spanish|''Ŋafrica'' {{ipa|/ŋafɾika/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Tanzangi|''Ŋāfric'' {{ipa|[ŋɑvˈʎik]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Turis|''Niafrica'' {{ipa|[ɲavriga]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Xindvâ|''Ngaphrika'' {{ipa|[ŋæ.fri.kə]}}}}
}}

[[Category:Pages with translation sections]]

Thasusa

2026-09-04T02:12:33Z

Jutomi: Updated numbers

[[File:Continent thasusa.png|thumb]]
[[File:Thasusa.png|thumb|alt=Map of Thasusa|Map of Thasusa (note: Pihi and Tanzang colony of Mosas not labeled, and map outdated.)]]
'''Thasusa''' {{ipa|/θəˈsu.sə/}} (commonly misread as '''Thausa''' or even '''Thausia''') is a [[continent]] located in the center of the [[ŋorld]]. It is the location of [[Spawn]] and hosts 23 [[Ŋation|ŋations]], 5 foreign territories, 4 condominiums and 2 extraŋational territories.

According to the[[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme| geoscheme of the United Ŋations Office for Cartography]], Thasusa includes [[Gesigak]], a region in the northeast of Thasusa with close ties to [[Slabland]].

== Name ==
The name ‘Thasusa’ originates from [[Śácamþaśá]] ''Þásþusa'' {{Script|script=thl|t=sAzuszo}}, meaning ‘Center Axis’.
{{Trans|
{{Trans/item|Araçanic| ''Çaçhusa'' {{ipa|/s̪as̪.hu.sa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Japanese|サスサ ''Sasusa'' {{ipa|/sasɯsa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Kygami|''Casusa'' {{ipa|[tsəˈsu.sə]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Śácamþaśá|''Þásþusa'' {{Script|script=thl|t=sAzuszo}} {{ipa|/'θɑː(s)θusɐ/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Xindvâ|{{script|script=nuyxo|t=}} ''Thôsusa'' {{ipa|[θə.su.sə]}}}}
}}

== Ŋations in Thasusa ==
* [['Arbor 'Iland|''<nowiki/>'Arbor 'Iland'']] (condominium of [[Jutland]] and [[Kabazat]]; protectorate of Kabazat)
* [[Araçana]]
* [[Arktsev]]
* [[Aswnga|Aswnga and Axolotlland]]
* [[Atlantis]] (partially in [[Slabland]]; includes [[Southern Rivers]])
* [[Aylongam]]
* [[Fenizuela]]
* [[Kabazat]]
* [[Keltechra]]
* [[Kozdenen]] ([[Chielbary]])
* [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen, Kingdom of]] ([[Republic of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]], [[Marcyland]], [[Showhen Islands]]; partially in [[Slabland]])
* [[Liauolên]]
* [[MápabaL]] (partially in [[Slabland]] and [[Gadicinta]])
* [[Mdinart'in rar'i]] (protectorate of [[United Ildorgear State]])
* [[Myžariky]] (including [[Spawn]])
* [[Nāroňpār]]
* ''[[Ŋibraltar]]'' (condominium*: self-governing district of [[Xarslasja]] [[Compact of Free Association|in free association with]] [[Kyaw Cen]])
* [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|''Okańu'']] (condominium of [[Wánade]] and [[Unaffiliated Villages Collective]])
* [[Patra]]
* [[Pelialis]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Pihi]] (partially in [[Archipelagia]])
* [[Pua|Pua, Floracratic Republic of]]
* ''[[Surprise]]'' (condominium of [[Kozdenen]] [''Chielbary''] and [[Xarslasja]])
* [[United Ildorgear State]]
* [[Xarslasja]]
* [[Xtrakva]] (only [[Shroomland]], which was formerly a condominium)
* [[Wánade]] (only [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|Cyryká]], which was formerly a condominium with [[Fenizuela]]; see above for [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|Okańu]])

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Chielbary]]
* [[East Pua]]
* [[Fishland]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Haneburg]]
* [[Kog'eññe]] (no longer a [[UŊ]] protectorate)
* [[West Pua]]
* [[Xangjûm]]
* [[Þunan Qumreá]] (including [[Pais Transanguino Ranitino]]; partially in [[Ŋafrica]])

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Thasusa ==

* [[Maraśa]] ([[Þunan Qumreá#Provinces#Muweweśáj|Muweweśáj]])
* [[Maize]]
* [[Tanzang]] ([[Mosas]] Colony)
* [[Stej Ven]] ([[Gagma Balls]] territory)
* [[Viberia]]

== Extraŋational Territories in Thasusa ==

* [[Thasusan Union]] ([[Þunan Ŋáce]])

* [[Vee's Base]] ([[The Hole]])

=== Former Extraŋational Territories ===

* [[Sq's Territories]] (mostly in the [[Land of Chaos]])

Land of Chaos

2026-09-04T02:11:53Z

Jutomi: Added South Dzimh Gwynh

[[File:Continent landofchaos.png|thumb]]
The '''Land of Chaos''' is a [[continent]] located in the central-south of the [[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme|ŋorld]] and hosts 20 [[Country|countries]], 1 condominium, 1 foreign territory, and 6 extraŋational territories. It is also the namesake of the [[Land of Chaos Agency for Transportation Expansion]].

== Ŋations in the Land of Chaos ==

* [[Ansilant Federation]] (partially in [[Aŋtarctica]])
* ''[[Arbustivum]]'' (condominium of [[Regnate Latium]] and [[T'anshilebs]])
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Gevsaksavli]]; partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Aylongam]] ([[Viren Islands]], mostly in [[Thasusa]]; disputed by Aylongam)
* [[Cataw]]
* [[Cxihraaakruta]] (partially in [[Aŋtarctica]])
* [[Dróstsiśtsi]] (partially in [[Archipelagia]])
* [[Eistówú|Eistówú, Polis of]]
* [[Evil Scamming Country (Condominium of Chaos)]]
* [[Hajdislant]]
* [[Hummland]] ([[Mawg]] and the [[Wug Islands]])
* [[Kozdenen]] ([[Blighted Shrine|Blighted Shrine Guardian Farm]] [colony], [[Chielbary]])
* [[Lairuia]]
* [[Maize]] (only [[Gusabaalhan]])
* [[Qosculyn]]
* [[Regnate Latium]]
* [[South Dzimh Gwynh]]
* [[T'anshilebs]] (mostly in [[Gadicinta]])
* [[The Complex]]
* [[Tauranga Puawai]]
* [[Xtrakva]]

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Amujxplosion|Amuj]] (including [[Igeþa]], [[Shudrow]], and [[Uzafnic Federation]]; partially in [[Archipelagia]] and [[Aŋtarctica]])
* [[Anaku]]
* [[Bootland]]
* [[Evil Scamming Country]] ([[Evil Chile]])
* [[Gevsaksavli]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]]; joined [[Atlantis]])
* ''[[Oaksby]]'' (Condominium of [[Bootland]] and [[Dróstsiśtsi]])

* [[Otslahue]]
* [[Renoriba]] (formerly a [[UŊ]] Protectorate; partially in [[Archipelagia]])
* [[The Realm of Madness|Realm of Madness]]
* [[Dulgarda|Seolland]] (partially in [[Aŋtarctica]])
* [[Smalland]]
* [[Vilantnen]] (and [[Gazhelant]])
Vilantnen (aka Vilant) and [[Chielbary]] both split from SQ's territories, before reuniting as Chielbary, later joining [[Kozdenen]] (albeit temporarily becoming semi-independent during the war against [[Peleṽa Thoa-Saevakki]]).

== Foreign Colonies and Overseas Territories ==

* [[Stej Ven]] ([[Saiŋt Pierre and Ɱiqueloŋ]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[A Consequência das Ações Caóticas da apollyon|CACa]]
* [[Entropy's base]]
* [[Evil Chile]] [[UnUŊ]] Protectorate
* [[Qamuqgelk]]
* The [[Madlands]]
* [[LoCATE]] ([[Ostmare]])
* [[Paul]] mod protectorate (former [[UŊ]] Protectorate)

=== Former Extraŋational Territories ===

* [[La Consequéncia deis Accions caoticas d'Ánuan|CACA]]
* [[Sq's Territories]] (partially in [[Thasusa]])
Another featured entity was the [[Condominium of Chaos]], although this was not generally considered a single nation with a single claim so much as the collective results of the [[BIG SHOT MINECRAP SALE!!!]]

Thasusa

2026-09-04T02:11:16Z

Jutomi: /* Ŋations in Thasusa */ Updated Wanade

[[File:Continent thasusa.png|thumb]]
[[File:Thasusa.png|thumb|alt=Map of Thasusa|Map of Thasusa (note: Pihi and Tanzang colony of Mosas not labeled, and map outdated.)]]
'''Thasusa''' {{ipa|/θəˈsu.sə/}} (commonly misread as '''Thausa''' or even '''Thausia''') is a [[continent]] located in the center of the [[ŋorld]]. It is the location of [[Spawn]] and hosts 22 [[Ŋation|ŋations]], 5 foreign territories, 5 condominiums and 2 extraŋational territories.

According to the[[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme| geoscheme of the United Ŋations Office for Cartography]], Thasusa includes [[Gesigak]], a region in the northeast of Thasusa with close ties to [[Slabland]].

== Name ==
The name ‘Thasusa’ originates from [[Śácamþaśá]] ''Þásþusa'' {{Script|script=thl|t=sAzuszo}}, meaning ‘Center Axis’.
{{Trans|
{{Trans/item|Araçanic| ''Çaçhusa'' {{ipa|/s̪as̪.hu.sa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Japanese|サスサ ''Sasusa'' {{ipa|/sasɯsa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Kygami|''Casusa'' {{ipa|[tsəˈsu.sə]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Śácamþaśá|''Þásþusa'' {{Script|script=thl|t=sAzuszo}} {{ipa|/'θɑː(s)θusɐ/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Xindvâ|{{script|script=nuyxo|t=}} ''Thôsusa'' {{ipa|[θə.su.sə]}}}}
}}

== Ŋations in Thasusa ==
* [['Arbor 'Iland|''<nowiki/>'Arbor 'Iland'']] (condominium of [[Jutland]] and [[Kabazat]]; protectorate of Kabazat)
* [[Araçana]]
* [[Arktsev]]
* [[Aswnga|Aswnga and Axolotlland]]
* [[Atlantis]] (partially in [[Slabland]]; includes [[Southern Rivers]])
* [[Aylongam]]
* [[Fenizuela]]
* [[Kabazat]]
* [[Keltechra]]
* [[Kozdenen]] ([[Chielbary]])
* [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen, Kingdom of]] ([[Republic of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]], [[Marcyland]], [[Showhen Islands]]; partially in [[Slabland]])
* [[Liauolên]]
* [[MápabaL]] (partially in [[Slabland]] and [[Gadicinta]])
* [[Mdinart'in rar'i]] (protectorate of [[United Ildorgear State]])
* [[Myžariky]] (including [[Spawn]])
* [[Nāroňpār]]
* ''[[Ŋibraltar]]'' (condominium*: self-governing district of [[Xarslasja]] [[Compact of Free Association|in free association with]] [[Kyaw Cen]])
* [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|''Okańu'']] (condominium of [[Wánade]] and [[Unaffiliated Villages Collective]])
* [[Patra]]
* [[Pelialis]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Pihi]] (partially in [[Archipelagia]])
* [[Pua|Pua, Floracratic Republic of]]
* ''[[Surprise]]'' (condominium of [[Kozdenen]] [''Chielbary''] and [[Xarslasja]])
* [[United Ildorgear State]]
* [[Xarslasja]]
* [[Xtrakva]] (only [[Shroomland]], which was formerly a condominium)
* [[Wánade]] (only [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|Cyryká]], which was formerly a condominium with [[Fenizuela]]; see above for [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|Okańu]])

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Chielbary]]
* [[East Pua]]
* [[Fishland]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Haneburg]]
* [[Kog'eññe]] (no longer a [[UŊ]] protectorate)
* [[West Pua]]
* [[Xangjûm]]
* [[Þunan Qumreá]] (including [[Pais Transanguino Ranitino]]; partially in [[Ŋafrica]])

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Thasusa ==

* [[Maraśa]] ([[Þunan Qumreá#Provinces#Muweweśáj|Muweweśáj]])
* [[Maize]]
* [[Tanzang]] ([[Mosas]] Colony)
* [[Stej Ven]] ([[Gagma Balls]] territory)
* [[Viberia]]

== Extraŋational Territories in Thasusa ==

* [[Thasusan Union]] ([[Þunan Ŋáce]])

* [[Vee's Base]] ([[The Hole]])

=== Former Extraŋational Territories ===

* [[Sq's Territories]] (mostly in the [[Land of Chaos]])

Thasusa

2026-09-04T02:07:17Z

Jutomi: added specification to Southern Rivers in line with Adnar's map update

[[File:Continent thasusa.png|thumb]]
[[File:Thasusa.png|thumb|alt=Map of Thasusa|Map of Thasusa (note: Pihi and Tanzang colony of Mosas not labeled, and map outdated.)]]
'''Thasusa''' {{ipa|/θəˈsu.sə/}} (commonly misread as '''Thausa''' or even '''Thausia''') is a [[continent]] located in the center of the [[ŋorld]]. It is the location of [[Spawn]] and hosts 22 [[Ŋation|ŋations]], 5 foreign territories, 5 condominiums and 2 extraŋational territories.

According to the[[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme| geoscheme of the United Ŋations Office for Cartography]], Thasusa includes [[Gesigak]], a region in the northeast of Thasusa with close ties to [[Slabland]].

== Name ==
The name ‘Thasusa’ originates from [[Śácamþaśá]] ''Þásþusa'' {{Script|script=thl|t=sAzuszo}}, meaning ‘Center Axis’.
{{Trans|
{{Trans/item|Araçanic| ''Çaçhusa'' {{ipa|/s̪as̪.hu.sa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Japanese|サスサ ''Sasusa'' {{ipa|/sasɯsa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Kygami|''Casusa'' {{ipa|[tsəˈsu.sə]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Śácamþaśá|''Þásþusa'' {{Script|script=thl|t=sAzuszo}} {{ipa|/'θɑː(s)θusɐ/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Xindvâ|{{script|script=nuyxo|t=}} ''Thôsusa'' {{ipa|[θə.su.sə]}}}}
}}

== Ŋations in Thasusa ==
* [['Arbor 'Iland|''<nowiki/>'Arbor 'Iland'']] (condominium of [[Jutland]] and [[Kabazat]]; protectorate of Kabazat)
* [[Araçana]]
* [[Arktsev]]
* [[Aswnga|Aswnga and Axolotlland]]
* [[Atlantis]] (partially in [[Slabland]]; includes [[Southern Rivers]])
* [[Aylongam]]
* [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|''Cyryká'']] (condominium of [[Wánade]] and [[Fenizuela]])
* [[Fenizuela]]
* [[Kabazat]]
* [[Keltechra]]
* [[Kozdenen]] ([[Chielbary]])
* [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen, Kingdom of]] ([[Republic of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]], [[Marcyland]], [[Showhen Islands]]; partially in [[Slabland]])
* [[Liauolên]]
* [[MápabaL]] (partially in [[Slabland]] and [[Gadicinta]])
* [[Mdinart'in rar'i]] (protectorate of [[United Ildorgear State]])
* [[Myžariky]] (including [[Spawn]])
* [[Nāroňpār]]
* ''[[Ŋibraltar]]'' (condominium*: self-governing district of [[Xarslasja]] [[Compact of Free Association|in free association with]] [[Kyaw Cen]])
* [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|''Okańu'']] (condominium of [[Wánade]] and [[Unaffiliated Villages Collective]])
* [[Patra]]
* [[Pelialis]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Pihi]] (partially in [[Archipelagia]])
* [[Pua|Pua, Floracratic Republic of]]
* ''[[Surprise]]'' (condominium of [[Kozdenen]] [''Chielbary''] and [[Xarslasja]])
* [[United Ildorgear State]]
* [[Xarslasja]]
* [[Xtrakva]] (only [[Shroomland]]; formerly a condominium)

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Chielbary]]
* [[East Pua]]
* [[Fishland]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Haneburg]]
* [[Kog'eññe]] (no longer a [[UŊ]] protectorate)
* [[West Pua]]
* [[Xangjûm]]
* [[Þunan Qumreá]] (including [[Pais Transanguino Ranitino]]; partially in [[Ŋafrica]])

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Thasusa ==

* [[Maraśa]] ([[Þunan Qumreá#Provinces#Muweweśáj|Muweweśáj]])
* [[Maize]]
* [[Tanzang]] ([[Mosas]] Colony)
* [[Stej Ven]] ([[Gagma Balls]] territory)
* [[Viberia]]

== Extraŋational Territories in Thasusa ==

* [[Thasusan Union]] ([[Þunan Ŋáce]])

* [[Vee's Base]] ([[The Hole]])

=== Former Extraŋational Territories ===

* [[Sq's Territories]] (mostly in the [[Land of Chaos]])

Slabland

2026-09-04T02:04:43Z

Jutomi: /* Ŋations in Slabland */ forgot to link it

[[File:Continents.png|thumb|alt=Map of continents|Map of continents]]
'''Slabland''' is a [[continent]] located in the central-north of the [[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme|ŋorld]] and hosts 20 [[Country|countries]], 1 condominium, and 3 extraŋational territories. It is also the location of the [[Slab Exchange]] and [[Your Doom]], both of which are located in [[Old Kingdom]].

== Ŋations in Slabland ==

* [[Adnar]] ([[Amodingaling Autonomous Ward]], [[Bình Dương]])
* [[Alternate Slumia]]
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Dagalunt]], [[Vonkvovagak]] and [[Sabgobagak]])
* [[I Êpcêm Mûn-nan]]
* [[Imerchal]]
* [[Kozdenen]]
* [[Kyaw Cen]] ([[Shingtsun]]; partially in [[Thasusa]])
* [[MápabaL]] (partially in Thasusa)
* [[Republic of Minaro-Cohasia|Minaro-Cohasia, Republic of]]
* [[Mobile Territories]] ([[Mobile Territories#Fauna|Birdtree Island]] and [[Mobile Territories#Fauna|Turtle Bay]]; mostly in [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]])
* [[New Maeksikeo]] ([[Newmoon Forest]])
* [[Yunaited Kaingdwm|Nordiland]]
* [[Pantiago]]
* [[Ɍijeləm|Riyelum]]
* [[Sofao Tâsi]]
* [[The Syndicate|The Hertskomestat Syndicate]] ([[Klakkenbuutsch|Klakkenbutsch]]; partially in [[Archipelagia]], [[Ŋafrica]] and Leporia)
* [[Tejolant]]
* [[Ukoŋia]] (including [[North S'elivo Territory]])
* ''[[Vansterèl]]'' (Condiminium of Shingtsun and Imerchal)
* [[Wekañu-Skefo]] (partially in Leporia)
* [[Yysh]]

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Dagalunt]] (independent; joined [[Atlantis]])
* [[Hentzo]] (partially in [[Hlambigla]])
* [[Lavvakcesaa]]
* [[Nošaterçe]]
* [[Nyewez]] (partially in Hlambigla)
* [[Tanylezi]] (including [[Tje Manathi T'onzolo]]; partially in [[Gadicinta]])
* [[ǀNṵ́e ǂKx'ûm||Nṵ̀e ǂKx'ûm]]

== Foreign Territories in Slabland ==
=== Former Foreign Territories ===

* [[Hajdislant]] and [[Adnar]] ([[Lautseq]] in the aftermath of [[World War 2]], before it became a protectorate of the [[United Ŋations]])
* Kyaw Cen ([[Mariland]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[Juya Gwaña]]
* [[Lautseq]] mod protectorate (former [[United Ŋations|UŊ]] protectorate)

* [[The Old Kingdom]]

=== Special Landmarks ===

* [[Slab Exchange]] (Old Kingdom)

* [[Your Doom]] (Old Kingdom)

Slabland

2026-09-04T02:04:24Z

Jutomi: /* Ŋations in Slabland */ Adnar named province :')

[[File:Continents.png|thumb|alt=Map of continents|Map of continents]]
'''Slabland''' is a [[continent]] located in the central-north of the [[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme|ŋorld]] and hosts 20 [[Country|countries]], 1 condominium, and 3 extraŋational territories. It is also the location of the [[Slab Exchange]] and [[Your Doom]], both of which are located in [[Old Kingdom]].

== Ŋations in Slabland ==

* [[Adnar]] ([[Amodingaling Autonomous Ward]], Bình Dương)
* [[Alternate Slumia]]
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Dagalunt]], [[Vonkvovagak]] and [[Sabgobagak]])
* [[I Êpcêm Mûn-nan]]
* [[Imerchal]]
* [[Kozdenen]]
* [[Kyaw Cen]] ([[Shingtsun]]; partially in [[Thasusa]])
* [[MápabaL]] (partially in Thasusa)
* [[Republic of Minaro-Cohasia|Minaro-Cohasia, Republic of]]
* [[Mobile Territories]] ([[Mobile Territories#Fauna|Birdtree Island]] and [[Mobile Territories#Fauna|Turtle Bay]]; mostly in [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]])
* [[New Maeksikeo]] ([[Newmoon Forest]])
* [[Yunaited Kaingdwm|Nordiland]]
* [[Pantiago]]
* [[Ɍijeləm|Riyelum]]
* [[Sofao Tâsi]]
* [[The Syndicate|The Hertskomestat Syndicate]] ([[Klakkenbuutsch|Klakkenbutsch]]; partially in [[Archipelagia]], [[Ŋafrica]] and Leporia)
* [[Tejolant]]
* [[Ukoŋia]] (including [[North S'elivo Territory]])
* ''[[Vansterèl]]'' (Condiminium of Shingtsun and Imerchal)
* [[Wekañu-Skefo]] (partially in Leporia)
* [[Yysh]]

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Dagalunt]] (independent; joined [[Atlantis]])
* [[Hentzo]] (partially in [[Hlambigla]])
* [[Lavvakcesaa]]
* [[Nošaterçe]]
* [[Nyewez]] (partially in Hlambigla)
* [[Tanylezi]] (including [[Tje Manathi T'onzolo]]; partially in [[Gadicinta]])
* [[ǀNṵ́e ǂKx'ûm||Nṵ̀e ǂKx'ûm]]

== Foreign Territories in Slabland ==
=== Former Foreign Territories ===

* [[Hajdislant]] and [[Adnar]] ([[Lautseq]] in the aftermath of [[World War 2]], before it became a protectorate of the [[United Ŋations]])
* Kyaw Cen ([[Mariland]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[Juya Gwaña]]
* [[Lautseq]] mod protectorate (former [[United Ŋations|UŊ]] protectorate)

* [[The Old Kingdom]]

=== Special Landmarks ===

* [[Slab Exchange]] (Old Kingdom)

* [[Your Doom]] (Old Kingdom)

Leporia (continent)

2026-08-10T17:48:10Z

Jutomi: shortened overview

[[File:Continents.png|thumb|alt=Map of continents|Map of continents]]
''Not to be confused with the [[Serene Queendom of Leporia]].''

'''Leporia''' is a [[continent]] located in the central-north of the [[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme|ŋorld]] and hosts 9 [[Country|countries]], 1 foreign territories, and 1 extraŋational territory.

== Ŋations in Leporia ==

* [[Aprux Mexyrhat]] ([[Hinas|Hinas Territory]] - privately owned by [[Entity]])
* [[Ettêre Ðiffyt]]
* [[Hanazia]] (Mostly in [[Gaarlann]])
* [[Jutland]]
* [[Mobile Territories]] (partially in [[Slabland]])
* [[The Hertskomestat Syndicate]] ([[Bairland]]; partially in [[Archipelagia]], [[Ŋafrica]] and Slabland)
* [[Unaffiliated Villages Collective]] ([[Yanux]], [[Haa]])
* [[Vuyanaa]]
* [[Wekañu-Skefo]] ([[Cuboid Destroyer]]; mostly in Slabland)

=== Former Ŋations ===
[[South-Southeastern Glurbistan]] was the shortest-lived ŋation on the server, lasting exactly 16 minutes.

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Leporia ==

* [[Latium Regnātum]] ([[Telmaticum]])

=== Former Foreign Territories ===

* [[Wánade]] ([[Hánasz Island]], merged with [[Hanazia]])
* [[Paz Kiiam]] ([[Hanaz Territory]])
* [[Tocjaǵa Śahan]] (Grindlesnurt island before it became the headquarters of [[Ŋations Organized for Regional Transformation and Help|ŊORTH]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[Grindlesnurt Island]] ([[Ŋations Organized for Regional Transformation and Help|ŊORTH]] headquarters)

Tardigradia

2026-08-10T17:46:44Z

Jutomi: promoted every foreign territory to full ngational territory ig

[[File:Continents.png|thumb|alt=Map of continents|Map of continents]]
'''Tardigradia''' is a [[continent]] located in the southeast of the [[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme|ŋorld]] and hosts 10 [[Country|countries]] and 2 extraŋational territories. Tardigradia used to be part of the former-continent [[Cornertopia]].

== Ŋations in Tardigradia ==
* [[Antilvakia]]
* [[Aprux Mexyrhat]] ([[Aunsait]] and [[Kiakus'a]])

* [[Cataw]] ([[Timatyab]])

* [[Coldba (Cuba)]] ([[Ruined Capitol|Middle Cuba]])
* [[Corneria]] (partially in [[Aŋtarctica]])
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Gevsaksavli]]; partially in the [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[New Maeksikeo]] (partially in [[Slabland]])
* [[T'anshilebs]] (mostly in [[Gadicinta]])
* [[Paz Kiiam]]
* [[Pelialis]] (partially in [[Thasusa]])

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Fishland]] (partially in Thasusa)
* [[Gevsaksavli]] (partially in the [[Land of Chaos]]; joined [[Atlantis]])

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Tardigradia ==

=== Former Foreign Territories ===

* Coldba (Cuba) ([[Bad to the Land]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[Far Eastern Rail and Road Association|FERRA]] ([[Emberland]] and [[Ovvú Jičeiñŋã|Tsiccengair Territory]])
* [[ŊATO]] ([[Baarzenstad]])

Slabland

2026-08-10T17:45:10Z

Jutomi: ununged Lautseq; promoted Adnar and New Maeksikeo

[[File:Continents.png|thumb|alt=Map of continents|Map of continents]]
'''Slabland''' is a [[continent]] located in the central-north of the [[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme|ŋorld]] and hosts 20 [[Country|countries]], 1 condominium, and 3 extraŋational territories. It is also the location of the [[Slab Exchange]] and [[Your Doom]], both of which are located in [[Old Kingdom]].

== Ŋations in Slabland ==

* [[Adnar]] ([[Amodingaling Autonomous Ward]], other province)
* [[Alternate Slumia]]
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Dagalunt]], [[Vonkvovagak]] and [[Sabgobagak]])
* [[I Êpcêm Mûn-nan]]
* [[Imerchal]]
* [[Kozdenen]]
* [[Kyaw Cen]] ([[Shingtsun]]; partially in [[Thasusa]])
* [[MápabaL]] (partially in Thasusa)
* [[Republic of Minaro-Cohasia|Minaro-Cohasia, Republic of]]
* [[Mobile Territories]] ([[Mobile Territories#Fauna|Birdtree Island]] and [[Mobile Territories#Fauna|Turtle Bay]]; mostly in [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]])
* [[New Maeksikeo]] ([[Newmoon Forest]])
* [[Yunaited Kaingdwm|Nordiland]]
* [[Pantiago]]
* [[Ɍijeləm|Riyelum]]
* [[Sofao Tâsi]]
* [[The Syndicate|The Hertskomestat Syndicate]] ([[Klakkenbuutsch|Klakkenbutsch]]; partially in [[Archipelagia]], [[Ŋafrica]] and Leporia)
* [[Tejolant]]
* [[Ukoŋia]] (including [[North S'elivo Territory]])
* ''[[Vansterèl]]'' (Condiminium of Shingtsun and Imerchal)
* [[Wekañu-Skefo]] (partially in Leporia)
* [[Yysh]]

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Dagalunt]] (independent; joined [[Atlantis]])
* [[Hentzo]] (partially in [[Hlambigla]])
* [[Lavvakcesaa]]
* [[Nošaterçe]]
* [[Nyewez]] (partially in Hlambigla)
* [[Tanylezi]] (including [[Tje Manathi T'onzolo]]; partially in [[Gadicinta]])
* [[ǀNṵ́e ǂKx'ûm||Nṵ̀e ǂKx'ûm]]

== Foreign Territories in Slabland ==
=== Former Foreign Territories ===

* [[Hajdislant]] and [[Adnar]] ([[Lautseq]] in the aftermath of [[World War 2]], before it became a protectorate of the [[United Ŋations]])
* Kyaw Cen ([[Mariland]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[Juya Gwaña]]
* [[Lautseq]] mod protectorate (former [[United Ŋations|UŊ]] protectorate)

* [[The Old Kingdom]]

=== Special Landmarks ===

* [[Slab Exchange]] (Old Kingdom)

* [[Your Doom]] (Old Kingdom)

Ŋafrica

2026-08-10T17:41:51Z

Jutomi: De-unged Dave; promoted Yurilant

[[File:Continent ngafrica.png|thumb]]
'''Ŋafrica''' is a [[continent]] located in the west.of the [[ŋorld]], north of [[Archipelagia]], and hosts 19 [[Ŋation|ŋations]], 3 foreign territories, and 3 extraŋational territories.

Ŋafrica is named after the [[fakeworld]] continent of Africa, due to both having prominent deserts. The ŋ in front is because this is [[Nguhcraft]]. [[Ŋegypt]] was named in a similar vein. Despite this, Ŋafrica has fewer hot-weather biomes than [[Hlambigla]], and also features a prominent set of cold-weather biomes along its western border.

== Geography ==
Eastern Ŋafrica is comprised primarily of a desert biome, referred to as [[Ŋegypt]]. Ŋafrica generally gets more temperate the further west one travels within it, with the western border having a notable amount of snow. The continent is also home to the only substantial mangrove swamp on the server, and formerly the only substantial pale garden west of spawn (before [[Greenification (Adnar)|someone killed it]]).

== Ŋations in Ŋafrica ==
* [[Adnar]]
* [[Anarchy Chessitory]]
* [['bed|‘bed]]
* [[Caluta]] (partially in Hlambigla)
* [[Dhourigkàn]] (partially in Hlambigla)
* [[Haii Gwaida Pirates]]
* [[Hajdislant]] ([[Oodualant]] aka Yurilant)
* [[Hedamata]]
* [[Hertskomestat|The Hertskomestat Syndicate]] ([[Hertskomestat Ŋegypt|Hertskomestated Ŋegypt]]; partially in [[Archipelagia]], [[Slabland]] and [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]])
* [[Holmierk]]
* [[Hummland]]
* [[Jotlond]]
* [[N'ogabben waYukuz yalelekki]]
* [[Rauratoshan Kingdom]]
* [[Reimusia]]
* [[Spansos Gaming]]
* [[Tanzang]] (partially in Hlambigla)
* [[Vallis Draconum]]
* [[Viberia]]

===Former ŋations===
* [[Avazistan]]
* [[Çaigoŋ]]<ref>Çaigoŋ was a breakaway state of Adnar that later reuinified.</ref>
* [[Dnalrehten]]
* [[Islands of Ʒimh Gwynh|Ʒimh Gwynh, Islands of]]
* [[Kiłtmo]]
* [[Maryland]]
* [[Oberia]]<ref name=":0">For more information, see: [[Ŋafrican Ŋapocalypse]]</ref>
* [[Port of Eras]]<ref name=":0" />
* [[Sq's Territories]]<ref>This ŋation gave up all Ŋafrican territory, but did not dissolve. Only afterward did they get annexed by [[Kozdenen]], thus Kozdenen is not present here.</ref>
* [[Þunan Qumreá]] ([[Miŋejacár]])
* [[The Vazr]]
In addition, there was a short-lived, unrecognized territory to the west of [[Spansos Gaming]] named the [[Realm of Turds]] (i.e. Kingdom of Cats)

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Ŋafrica ==

* [[Coldba (Cuba)]] (1989 Era)
* [[Mobile Territories]] ([[Qoatzait]])
* [[Stej Ven]] ([[Birchill]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==
* [[Dave]] mod protectorate (former [[UŊ]] protectorate)
* [[Ŋafrican Union Commission]] ([[Ŋafrican Union]])
* [[Old Kingdom]] (only [[Ŋájaþáw]])

==Names in other languages==
{{Trans|
{{Trans/item|Araçanic|''Ñaprika'' {{ipa|['ɲɘ.pri.ka]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Áwaric|''Ńafrica'' {{ipa|[ˈŋafʀika]}}}}
{{Trans/item|German|''Ŋafrika'' {{ipa|/ˈŋa(ː)fʁika/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Japanese|アフリカ゚ ''Afuri'nga'' {{ipa|/aɸɯɾʲiŋa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Knrawi|''Gàwika''{{Ipa|[ŋa˩ʍɛk̠ɔ]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Kośtsiśtsi|''Ńæfrika''{{Ipa|[ɲæfrikα]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Kygami|''Afika'' {{ipa|[ˈɐ.fi.ŋə]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Rokadong|{{script|script=rkdg|t=}} ''Ngafrika'' {{ipa|[ˈŋafɾikə]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Śácamþaśá|{{script|script=thl|t=qArifgA}} ''Ŋafrica'' {{ipa|[ⁿɡɐfricɐ]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Soc'ul'|''Ñavrice''{{Ipa|[ŋa˧vri˥kʲə˥]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Spanish|''Ŋafrica'' {{ipa|/ŋafɾika/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Tanzangi|''Ŋāfric'' {{ipa|[ŋɑvˈʎik]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Turis|''Niafrica'' {{ipa|[ɲavriga]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Xindvâ|''Ngaphrika'' {{ipa|[ŋæ.fri.kə]}}}}
}}

[[Category:Pages with translation sections]]

Thasusa

2026-08-10T17:38:31Z

Jutomi: Surprise is complicated

[[File:Continent thasusa.png|thumb]]
[[File:Thasusa.png|thumb|alt=Map of Thasusa|Map of Thasusa (note: Pihi and Tanzang colony of Mosas not labeled, and map outdated.)]]
'''Thasusa''' {{ipa|/θəˈsu.sə/}} (commonly misread as '''Thausa''' or even '''Thausia''') is a [[continent]] located in the center of the [[ŋorld]]. It is the location of [[Spawn]] and hosts 22 [[Ŋation|ŋations]], 5 foreign territories, 5 condominiums and 2 extraŋational territories.

According to the[[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme| geoscheme of the United Ŋations Office for Cartography]], Thasusa includes [[Gesigak]], a region in the northeast of Thasusa with close ties to [[Slabland]].

== Name ==
The name ‘Thasusa’ originates from [[Śácamþaśá]] ''Þásþusa'' {{Script|script=thl|t=sAzuszo}}, meaning ‘Center Axis’.
{{Trans|
{{Trans/item|Araçanic| ''Çaçhusa'' {{ipa|/s̪as̪.hu.sa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Japanese|サスサ ''Sasusa'' {{ipa|/sasɯsa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Kygami|''Casusa'' {{ipa|[tsəˈsu.sə]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Śácamþaśá|''Þásþusa'' {{Script|script=thl|t=sAzuszo}} {{ipa|/'θɑː(s)θusɐ/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Xindvâ|{{script|script=nuyxo|t=}} ''Thôsusa'' {{ipa|[θə.su.sə]}}}}
}}

== Ŋations in Thasusa ==
* [['Arbor 'Iland|''<nowiki/>'Arbor 'Iland'']] (condominium of [[Jutland]] and [[Kabazat]]; protectorate of Kabazat)
* [[Araçana]]
* [[Arktsev]]
* [[Aswnga|Aswnga and Axolotlland]]
* [[Atlantis]] (partially in [[Slabland]])
* [[Aylongam]]
* [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|''Cyryká'']] (condominium of [[Wánade]] and [[Fenizuela]])
* [[Fenizuela]]
* [[Kabazat]]
* [[Keltechra]]
* [[Kozdenen]] ([[Chielbary]])
* [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen, Kingdom of]] ([[Republic of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]], [[Marcyland]], [[Showhen Islands]]; partially in [[Slabland]])
* [[Liauolên]]
* [[MápabaL]] (partially in [[Slabland]] and [[Gadicinta]])
* [[Mdinart'in rar'i]] (protectorate of [[United Ildorgear State]])
* [[Myžariky]] (including [[Spawn]])
* [[Nāroňpār]]
* ''[[Ŋibraltar]]'' (condominium*: self-governing district of [[Xarslasja]] [[Compact of Free Association|in free association with]] [[Kyaw Cen]])
* [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|''Okańu'']] (condominium of [[Wánade]] and [[Unaffiliated Villages Collective]])
* [[Patra]]
* [[Pelialis]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Pihi]] (partially in [[Archipelagia]])
* [[Pua|Pua, Floracratic Republic of]]
* ''[[Surprise]]'' (condominium of [[Kozdenen]] [''Chielbary''] and [[Xarslasja]])
* [[United Ildorgear State]]
* [[Xarslasja]]
* [[Xtrakva]] (only [[Shroomland]]; formerly a condominium)

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Chielbary]]
* [[East Pua]]
* [[Fishland]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Haneburg]]
* [[Kog'eññe]] (no longer a [[UŊ]] protectorate)
* [[West Pua]]
* [[Xangjûm]]
* [[Þunan Qumreá]] (including [[Pais Transanguino Ranitino]]; partially in [[Ŋafrica]])

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Thasusa ==

* [[Maraśa]] ([[Þunan Qumreá#Provinces#Muweweśáj|Muweweśáj]])
* [[Maize]]
* [[Tanzang]] ([[Mosas]] Colony)
* [[Stej Ven]] ([[Gagma Balls]] territory)
* [[Viberia]]

== Extraŋational Territories in Thasusa ==

* [[Thasusan Union]] ([[Þunan Ŋáce]])

* [[Vee's Base]] ([[The Hole]])

=== Former Extraŋational Territories ===

* [[Sq's Territories]] (mostly in the [[Land of Chaos]])

Thasusa

2026-08-10T17:35:49Z

Jutomi: Hopefully updated correctly; moved Surprise, condominiaturized Okanu.

[[File:Continent thasusa.png|thumb]]
[[File:Thasusa.png|thumb|alt=Map of Thasusa|Map of Thasusa (note: Pihi and Tanzang colony of Mosas not labeled, and map outdated.)]]
'''Thasusa''' {{ipa|/θəˈsu.sə/}} (commonly misread as '''Thausa''' or even '''Thausia''') is a [[continent]] located in the center of the [[ŋorld]]. It is the location of [[Spawn]] and hosts 22 [[Ŋation|ŋations]], 5 foreign territories, 5 condominiums and 2 extraŋational territories.

According to the[[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme| geoscheme of the United Ŋations Office for Cartography]], Thasusa includes [[Gesigak]], a region in the northeast of Thasusa with close ties to [[Slabland]].

== Name ==
The name ‘Thasusa’ originates from [[Śácamþaśá]] ''Þásþusa'' {{Script|script=thl|t=sAzuszo}}, meaning ‘Center Axis’.
{{Trans|
{{Trans/item|Araçanic| ''Çaçhusa'' {{ipa|/s̪as̪.hu.sa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Japanese|サスサ ''Sasusa'' {{ipa|/sasɯsa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Kygami|''Casusa'' {{ipa|[tsəˈsu.sə]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Śácamþaśá|''Þásþusa'' {{Script|script=thl|t=sAzuszo}} {{ipa|/'θɑː(s)θusɐ/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Xindvâ|{{script|script=nuyxo|t=}} ''Thôsusa'' {{ipa|[θə.su.sə]}}}}
}}

== Ŋations in Thasusa ==
* [['Arbor 'Iland|''<nowiki/>'Arbor 'Iland'']] (condominium of [[Jutland]] and [[Kabazat]]; protectorate of Kabazat)
* [[Araçana]]
* [[Arktsev]]
* [[Aswnga|Aswnga and Axolotlland]]
* [[Atlantis]] (partially in [[Slabland]])
* [[Aylongam]]
* [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|''Cyryká'']] (condominium of [[Wánade]] and [[Fenizuela]])
* [[Fenizuela]]
* [[Kabazat]]
* [[Keltechra]]
* [[Kozdenen]] ([[Chielbary]])
* [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen, Kingdom of]] ([[Republic of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]], [[Marcyland]], [[Showhen Islands]]; partially in [[Slabland]])
* [[Liauolên]]
* [[MápabaL]] (partially in [[Slabland]] and [[Gadicinta]])
* [[Mdinart'in rar'i]] (protectorate of [[United Ildorgear State]])
* [[Myžariky]] (including [[Spawn]])
* [[Nāroňpār]]
* ''[[Ŋibraltar]]'' (condominium*: self-governing district of [[Xarslasja]] [[Compact of Free Association|in free association with]] [[Kyaw Cen]])
* [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|''Okańu'']] (condominium of [[Wánade]] and [[Unaffiliated Villages Collective]])
* [[Patra]]
* [[Pelialis]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Pihi]] (partially in [[Archipelagia]])
* [[Pua|Pua, Floracratic Republic of]]
* [[United Ildorgear State]]
* [[Xarslasja]]
* [[Xtrakva]] (only [[Shroomland]]; formerly a condominium)

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Chielbary]]
* [[East Pua]]
* [[Fishland]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Haneburg]]
* [[Kog'eññe]] (no longer a [[UŊ]] protectorate)
* [[West Pua]]
* [[Xangjûm]]
* [[Þunan Qumreá]] (including [[Pais Transanguino Ranitino]]; partially in [[Ŋafrica]])

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Thasusa ==

* [[Maraśa]] ([[Þunan Qumreá#Provinces#Muweweśáj|Muweweśáj]])
* [[Maize]]
* [[Tanzang]] ([[Mosas]] Colony)
* ''[[Surprise]]'' (condominium of [[Kozdenen]] and [[Xarslasja]])
* [[Stej Ven]] ([[Gagma Balls]] territory)
* [[Viberia]]

== Extraŋational Territories in Thasusa ==

* [[Thasusan Union]] ([[Þunan Ŋáce]])

* [[Vee's Base]] ([[The Hole]])

=== Former Extraŋational Territories ===

* [[Sq's Territories]] (mostly in the [[Land of Chaos]])

Leporia (continent)

2026-08-10T17:25:47Z

Jutomi: Upgraded Aprux; recategorized grindlesnurt

[[File:Continents.png|thumb|alt=Map of continents|Map of continents]]
''Not to be confused with the [[Serene Queendom of Leporia]].''

'''Leporia''' is a [[continent]] located in the central-north of the [[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme|ŋorld]] and hosts 9 [[Country|countries]], 1 foreign territories, and 1 territory for an extraŋational territory belonging to an interŋational organization.

== Ŋations in Leporia ==

* [[Aprux Mexyrhat]] ([[Hinas|Hinas Territory]] - privately owned by [[Entity]])
* [[Ettêre Ðiffyt]]
* [[Hanazia]] (Mostly in [[Gaarlann]])
* [[Jutland]]
* [[Mobile Territories]] (partially in [[Slabland]])
* [[The Hertskomestat Syndicate]] ([[Bairland]]; partially in [[Archipelagia]], [[Ŋafrica]] and Slabland)
* [[Unaffiliated Villages Collective]] ([[Yanux]], [[Haa]])
* [[Vuyanaa]]
* [[Wekañu-Skefo]] ([[Cuboid Destroyer]]; mostly in Slabland)

=== Former Ŋations ===
[[South-Southeastern Glurbistan]] was the shortest-lived ŋation on the server, lasting exactly 16 minutes.

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Leporia ==

* [[Latium Regnātum]] ([[Telmaticum]])

=== Former Foreign Territories ===

* [[Wánade]] ([[Hánasz Island]], merged with [[Hanazia]])
* [[Paz Kiiam]] ([[Hanaz Territory]])
* [[Tocjaǵa Śahan]] (Grindlesnurt island before it became the headquarters of [[Ŋations Organized for Regional Transformation and Help|ŊORTH]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[Grindlesnurt Island]] ([[Ŋations Organized for Regional Transformation and Help|ŊORTH]] headquarters)

Land of Chaos

2026-08-10T17:22:12Z

Jutomi:

[[File:Continent landofchaos.png|thumb]]
The '''Land of Chaos''' is a [[continent]] located in the central-south of the [[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme|ŋorld]] and hosts 19 [[Country|countries]], 1 condominium, 1 foreign territory, and 6 extraŋational territories. It is also the namesake of the [[Land of Chaos Agency for Transportation Expansion]].

== Ŋations in the Land of Chaos ==

* [[Ansilant Federation]] (partially in [[Aŋtarctica]])
* ''[[Arbustivum]]'' (condominium of [[Regnate Latium]] and [[T'anshilebs]])
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Gevsaksavli]]; partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Aylongam]] ([[Viren Islands]], mostly in [[Thasusa]]; disputed by Aylongam)
* [[Cataw]]
* [[Cxihraaakruta]] (partially in [[Aŋtarctica]])
* [[Dróstsiśtsi]] (partially in [[Archipelagia]])
* [[Eistówú|Eistówú, Polis of]]
* [[Evil Scamming Country (Condominium of Chaos)]]
* [[Hajdislant]]
* [[Hummland]] ([[Mawg]] and the [[Wug Islands]])
* [[Kozdenen]] ([[Blighted Shrine|Blighted Shrine Guardian Farm]] [colony], [[Chielbary]])
* [[Lairuia]]
* [[Maize]] (only [[Gusabaalhan]])
* [[Qosculyn]]
* [[Regnate Latium]]
* [[T'anshilebs]] (mostly in [[Gadicinta]])
* [[The Complex]]
* [[Tauranga Puawai]]
* [[Xtrakva]]

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Amujxplosion|Amuj]] (including [[Igeþa]], [[Shudrow]], and [[Uzafnic Federation]]; partially in [[Archipelagia]] and [[Aŋtarctica]])
* [[Anaku]]
* [[Bootland]]
* [[Evil Scamming Country]] ([[Evil Chile]])
* [[Gevsaksavli]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]]; joined [[Atlantis]])
* ''[[Oaksby]]'' (Condominium of [[Bootland]] and [[Dróstsiśtsi]])

* [[Otslahue]]
* [[Renoriba]] (formerly a [[UŊ]] Protectorate; partially in [[Archipelagia]])
* [[The Realm of Madness|Realm of Madness]]
* [[Dulgarda|Seolland]] (partially in [[Aŋtarctica]])
* [[Smalland]]
* [[Vilantnen]] (and [[Gazhelant]])
Vilantnen (aka Vilant) and [[Chielbary]] both split from SQ's territories, before reuniting as Chielbary, later joining [[Kozdenen]] (albeit temporarily becoming semi-independent during the war against [[Peleṽa Thoa-Saevakki]]).

== Foreign Colonies and Overseas Territories ==

* [[Stej Ven]] ([[Saiŋt Pierre and Ɱiqueloŋ]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[A Consequência das Ações Caóticas da apollyon|CACa]]
* [[Entropy's base]]
* [[Evil Chile]] [[UnUŊ]] Protectorate
* [[Qamuqgelk]]
* The [[Madlands]]
* [[LoCATE]] ([[Ostmare]])
* [[Paul]] mod protectorate (former [[UŊ]] Protectorate)

=== Former Extraŋational Territories ===

* [[La Consequéncia deis Accions caoticas d'Ánuan|CACA]]
* [[Sq's Territories]] (partially in [[Thasusa]])
Another featured entity was the [[Condominium of Chaos]], although this was not generally considered a single nation with a single claim so much as the collective results of the [[BIG SHOT MINECRAP SALE!!!]]

Archipelagia

2026-08-10T17:21:14Z

Jutomi: /* Extraŋational Territories */

[[File:Continent greenland.png|thumb]]
[[File:South archipelagia map.png|thumb|map of Nations in southern Archipelagia (revised to 16.03.2026) ]]
'''Archipelagia''' or '''Greenland''' is a [[continent]] located in the west of the [[ŋorld]], south of [[Ŋafrica]], and hosts 19 ŋations, 1 condominium, and 2 extraŋational territories.

== Ŋations in Archipelagia ==
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Murben't]])
* [[Avenyam|Avenyam, Principality of]]
* [[Coldba (Cuba)]]
* ''[[Doggerland]]'' (condominium of [[Adnar]], [[Coldba (Cuba)]], [[Hárǝsi]], [[Kaipa]])
* [[Dróstsiśtsi]] (mostly in the [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[Evil Sqamming Country]]
* [[Trévandroumélisse-Frossantiquervrâssonne-d’Prévallondurévrenne-en-Mijonnâ-Tourvléssourinde-pralondure-Méllontrévresse-Vrassédrinourde]]
* [[Hiop Nation]]
* [[Imerchal]] ([[Pòjaj]])
* [[Hárǝsi]]
* [[Hummland]] ([[Hämburg]], [[Neutral Miserly State]])
* [[Zer Makon Hertskomestat ut zer Pfaut Erxaf|The Hertskomestat Syndicate]] (partially in [[Ngegypt]], [[Slabland]] and [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]])
* [[Kaipa|Kaipa, Republic of]]
* [[Pyuwa]] (subordinate of [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]])
* [[Nsadaea]]
* [[Ŋərkey]]
* [[Pihi]] (partially in [[Thasusa]])
* [[Polnareff Land]]
* [[Stej Ven]]
* [[Xarslasja]] (only western [[La Paz County|La Paz]]; mostly in [[Thasusa]])

=== Former Ŋations in Archipelagia ===

*[[Amujxplosion|Amuj]] ([[North Amuj]]; partially in the [[Land of Chaos]] and [[Aŋtarctica]])
*[[Evil Scamming Country]]
* [[The Iron Empire]]
* [[Kiltmo]]
* [[Kotland]]
* [[Hydratic Republic of Lyrcynthinia|Lyrcynthinia, the Hydratic Republic of]]
* [[Murbetia]]
* [[Paz Kiiam]]
* [[Renoriba]] (formerly a [[UŊ]] Protectorate; partially in [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[Saharia]]
* [[Sq's Territories]]

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Archipelagia ==

* N/A

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[John Octahedron]] [[UnUŊ]] Protectorate (formerly part of Evil Scamming Country)

* [[Renoriba|Pelcach]] mod protectorate (former [[UŊ]] protectorate; formerly [[Renoriba]])

Land of Chaos

2026-08-10T17:20:46Z

Jutomi: Bunch of changes :p

[[File:Continent landofchaos.png|thumb]]
The '''Land of Chaos''' is a [[continent]] located in the central-south of the [[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme|ŋorld]] and hosts 19 [[Country|countries]], 1 condominium, and 6 extraŋational territories. It is also the namesake of the [[Land of Chaos Agency for Transportation Expansion]].

== Ŋations in the Land of Chaos ==

* [[Ansilant Federation]] (partially in [[Aŋtarctica]])
* ''[[Arbustivum]]'' (condominium of [[Regnate Latium]] and [[T'anshilebs]])
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Gevsaksavli]]; partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Aylongam]] ([[Viren Islands]], mostly in [[Thasusa]]; disputed by Aylongam)
* [[Cataw]]
* [[Cxihraaakruta]] (partially in [[Aŋtarctica]])
* [[Dróstsiśtsi]] (partially in [[Archipelagia]])
* [[Eistówú|Eistówú, Polis of]]
* [[Evil Scamming Country (Condominium of Chaos)]]
* [[Hajdislant]]
* [[Hummland]] ([[Mawg]] and the [[Wug Islands]])
* [[Kozdenen]] ([[Blighted Shrine|Blighted Shrine Guardian Farm]] [colony], [[Chielbary]])
* [[Lairuia]]
* [[Maize]] (only [[Gusabaalhan]])
* [[Qosculyn]]
* [[Regnate Latium]]
* [[T'anshilebs]] (mostly in [[Gadicinta]])
* [[The Complex]]
* [[Tauranga Puawai]]
* [[Xtrakva]]

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Amujxplosion|Amuj]] (including [[Igeþa]], [[Shudrow]], and [[Uzafnic Federation]]; partially in [[Archipelagia]] and [[Aŋtarctica]])
* [[Anaku]]
* [[Bootland]]
* [[Evil Scamming Country]] ([[Evil Chile]])
* [[Gevsaksavli]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]]; joined [[Atlantis]])
* ''[[Oaksby]]'' (Condominium of [[Bootland]] and [[Dróstsiśtsi]])

* [[Otslahue]]
* [[Renoriba]] (formerly a [[UŊ]] Protectorate; partially in [[Archipelagia]])
* [[The Realm of Madness|Realm of Madness]]
* [[Dulgarda|Seolland]] (partially in [[Aŋtarctica]])
* [[Smalland]]
* [[Vilantnen]] (and [[Gazhelant]])
Vilantnen (aka Vilant) and [[Chielbary]] both split from SQ's territories, before reuniting as Chielbary, later joining [[Kozdenen]] (albeit temporarily becoming semi-independent during the war against [[Peleṽa Thoa-Saevakki]]).

== Foreign Colonies and Overseas Territories ==

* [[Stej Ven]] ([[Saiŋt Pierre and Ɱiqueloŋ]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[A Consequência das Ações Caóticas da apollyon|CACa]]
* [[Entropy's base]]
* [[Evil Chile]] [[UnUŊ]] Protectorate
* [[Qamuqgelk]]
* The [[Madlands]]
* [[LoCATE]] ([[Ostmare]])
* [[Paul]] mod protectorate (formerly a [[UŊ]] Protectorate)

=== Former Extraŋational Territories ===

* [[La Consequéncia deis Accions caoticas d'Ánuan|CACA]]
* [[Sq's Territories]] (partially in [[Thasusa]])
Another featured entity was the [[Condominium of Chaos]], although this was not generally considered a single nation with a single claim so much as the collective results of the [[BIG SHOT MINECRAP SALE!!!]]

Hlambigla

2026-08-10T17:10:50Z

Jutomi: /* Extraŋational Territories */ rip nguhri2na

[[File:Continents.png|thumb|alt=Map of continents|Map of continents]]
'''Hlambigla''', formerly '''Greater Ŋəri2na''', is a continent located in the northwest corner of the [[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme|ŋorld]] and hosts 10 [[Country|countries]], 1 foreign territory, and 3 extraŋational territories. It is also home to both [[Guam 3]] and [[Guam 2]], alongside the nearby privately owned [[The Guamlosseuɱ]] and the public housing project of [[House 2]].

== Ŋations in Hlambigla ==

* [[Caluta]] (mostly in [[Ŋafrica]])
* [[Dhourigkàn]] (partially in Ŋafrica)
* [[Fejhaks eukjijj]]
* [[Hiso Zju'a]]
* [[Krīpetēpla]]
* [[Maraśa]]
* [[Maize]]
* [[Tanzang]] (partially in Ŋafrica)
* [[Oressia]]
* [[Onparu & Koaru]]

=== Former ŋations ===

* [[Bramusia]]
* [[Chunk Nation]]
* [[Hentzo]] (partially in [[Slabland]])
* [[Nyewez]] (mostly in Slabland)
* [[Zotazil]]

== Foreign Colonies and Overseas Territories ==

* [[Yunaited Kaingdwm|Nordiland]] ([[Aurimesa]])

=== Former Foreign Territories ===

*[[Lavvakcesaa]] ([[Hweru Cada]])
* [[Port of Eras]] ([[Electric Touch territory]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[House 2]] ([[UnUŊ]] protectorate, publicly maintained)
* [[The Guamlosseuɱ]]

=== Former extraŋational Territories ===

* [[Ŋəri2na|Ŋəri2na Natural Reserve]]

=== Special Landmarks ===

*[[Guam 2]] (wilderness)
* [[Guam 3]] (wilderness)
* [[Phoeŋix]] Heritage Site

Gadicinta

2026-08-10T17:09:15Z

Jutomi: /* Ŋations in Gadicinta */ Renamed Atlantis; forgot about this continent '^^

[[File:Continents.png|thumb|alt=Map of continents|Map of continents]]

'''Gadicinta''' (official [[Far Eastern Rail and Road Association|FERRA]] pronounciation: /gədit͡ʃiŋtə/) is a continent in the eastern part of the [[ŋorld]] that hosts eleven [[List of sovereign states|countries]] and several extraŋational territories, including [[House (Territory)|House]], [[Martinus' Territories]], the [[Public Universal Mushroom Island]] and the [[Exclusive Economic Territory]] of [[Far Eastern Rail and Road Association|FERRA]].

== History ==
Gadicinta was previously known as [[Balloon World]], before the vote number 27 that took place in the organization of [[Far Eastern Rail and Road Association|FERRA]] on 4 June 2025. The name comes from [[w:Kanuri_language|Kanuri]] Gədi Cintə meaning far east.

== Ŋations in Gadicinta ==
* [[Atlantis]]
* [[är-ränó]]

* [[Aprux Mexyrhat]]
* [[Brocade (Settlement)|Brocade]]
* [[B’hiy’aj Dchâjâ]]
* [[Corneria, Anarchist Workers Republic of|Corneria]]
* [[Kolonôj]]
* [[MápabaL]] ([[Hod Raso]]; partially in [[Slabland]] and [[Thasusa]])
* [[T'anshilebs]] (partially in the [[Land of Chaos]] and [[Tardigradia]])
* [[The]]
* [[Wánade]] ([[Yázka]], [[Dalazba]], [[Azpanok Exclusion Zone]])

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[CMCic Federation]]
* [[Keis-Spucke Administration]]
* [[Kīvengṓ]]
* [[Lavvakcesaa]] (mostly in Slabland)
* [[Ḿaro]]
* [[Tanylezi]] (partially in Slabland)
[[Tanylezi|Corneria]] previously owned the Public Universal Mushroom Island before its size was reduced.

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[FERRA]] ([[Exclusive Economic Territory]]; partially in Tardigradia)
* [[House (Territory)|House]]
* [[Martinus' Territories]]
* [[Old Kingdom]] (mostly in [[Slabland]])
* [[Public Universal Mushroom Island]] (publicly maintained)

=== Former Territories ===

* [[sq's Territories]]

== In other languages ==
{{Trans|{{Trans/item|Kośtsiśtsi|''Gaditśińta'' {{Ipa|['gaditɕiɲta]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Oge|''Gedycýńte'' {{Ipa|[ˌɡɛðiʲˈt͡ʃiʲɴt̪ɛˑ]}}}}}}

Archipelagia

2026-08-10T17:07:27Z

Jutomi: oops counted doggerland as a non-condiminium ngation

[[File:Continent greenland.png|thumb]]
[[File:South archipelagia map.png|thumb|map of Nations in southern Archipelagia (revised to 16.03.2026) ]]
'''Archipelagia''' or '''Greenland''' is a [[continent]] located in the west of the [[ŋorld]], south of [[Ŋafrica]], and hosts 19 ŋations, 1 condominium, and 2 extraŋational territories.

== Ŋations in Archipelagia ==
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Murben't]])
* [[Avenyam|Avenyam, Principality of]]
* [[Coldba (Cuba)]]
* ''[[Doggerland]]'' (condominium of [[Adnar]], [[Coldba (Cuba)]], [[Hárǝsi]], [[Kaipa]])
* [[Dróstsiśtsi]] (mostly in the [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[Evil Sqamming Country]]
* [[Trévandroumélisse-Frossantiquervrâssonne-d’Prévallondurévrenne-en-Mijonnâ-Tourvléssourinde-pralondure-Méllontrévresse-Vrassédrinourde]]
* [[Hiop Nation]]
* [[Imerchal]] ([[Pòjaj]])
* [[Hárǝsi]]
* [[Hummland]] ([[Hämburg]], [[Neutral Miserly State]])
* [[Zer Makon Hertskomestat ut zer Pfaut Erxaf|The Hertskomestat Syndicate]] (partially in [[Ngegypt]], [[Slabland]] and [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]])
* [[Kaipa|Kaipa, Republic of]]
* [[Pyuwa]] (subordinate of [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]])
* [[Nsadaea]]
* [[Ŋərkey]]
* [[Pihi]] (partially in [[Thasusa]])
* [[Polnareff Land]]
* [[Stej Ven]]
* [[Xarslasja]] (only western [[La Paz County|La Paz]]; mostly in [[Thasusa]])

=== Former Ŋations in Archipelagia ===

*[[Amujxplosion|Amuj]] ([[North Amuj]]; partially in the [[Land of Chaos]] and [[Aŋtarctica]])
*[[Evil Scamming Country]]
* [[The Iron Empire]]
* [[Kiltmo]]
* [[Kotland]]
* [[Hydratic Republic of Lyrcynthinia|Lyrcynthinia, the Hydratic Republic of]]
* [[Murbetia]]
* [[Paz Kiiam]]
* [[Renoriba]] (formerly a [[UŊ]] Protectorate; partially in [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[Saharia]]
* [[Sq's Territories]]

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Archipelagia ==

* N/A

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[John Octahedron]] [[UnUŊ]] Protectorate (formerly part of Evil Scamming Country)

* [[Renoriba|Pelcach]] (mod protectorate; former [[UŊ]] protectorate; formerly [[Renoriba]])

Archipelagia

2026-08-10T17:06:51Z

Jutomi: /* Special Non-Governed Territories */ eh that's still an extrangational territory ig

[[File:Continent greenland.png|thumb]]
[[File:South archipelagia map.png|thumb|map of Nations in southern Archipelagia (revised to 16.03.2026) ]]
'''Archipelagia''' or '''Greenland''' is a [[continent]] located in the west of the [[ŋorld]], south of [[Ŋafrica]], and hosts 20 ŋations, 1 condominium, and 2 extraŋational territories.

== Ŋations in Archipelagia ==
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Murben't]])
* [[Avenyam|Avenyam, Principality of]]
* [[Coldba (Cuba)]]
* ''[[Doggerland]]'' (condominium of [[Adnar]], [[Coldba (Cuba)]], [[Hárǝsi]], [[Kaipa]])
* [[Dróstsiśtsi]] (mostly in the [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[Evil Sqamming Country]]
* [[Trévandroumélisse-Frossantiquervrâssonne-d’Prévallondurévrenne-en-Mijonnâ-Tourvléssourinde-pralondure-Méllontrévresse-Vrassédrinourde]]
* [[Hiop Nation]]
* [[Imerchal]] ([[Pòjaj]])
* [[Hárǝsi]]
* [[Hummland]] ([[Hämburg]], [[Neutral Miserly State]])
* [[Zer Makon Hertskomestat ut zer Pfaut Erxaf|The Hertskomestat Syndicate]] (partially in [[Ngegypt]], [[Slabland]] and [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]])
* [[Kaipa|Kaipa, Republic of]]
* [[Pyuwa]] (subordinate of [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]])
* [[Nsadaea]]
* [[Ŋərkey]]
* [[Pihi]] (partially in [[Thasusa]])
* [[Polnareff Land]]
* [[Stej Ven]]
* [[Xarslasja]] (only western [[La Paz County|La Paz]]; mostly in [[Thasusa]])

=== Former Ŋations in Archipelagia ===

*[[Amujxplosion|Amuj]] ([[North Amuj]]; partially in the [[Land of Chaos]] and [[Aŋtarctica]])
*[[Evil Scamming Country]]
* [[The Iron Empire]]
* [[Kiltmo]]
* [[Kotland]]
* [[Hydratic Republic of Lyrcynthinia|Lyrcynthinia, the Hydratic Republic of]]
* [[Murbetia]]
* [[Paz Kiiam]]
* [[Renoriba]] (formerly a [[UŊ]] Protectorate; partially in [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[Saharia]]
* [[Sq's Territories]]

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Archipelagia ==

* N/A

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[John Octahedron]] [[UnUŊ]] Protectorate (formerly part of Evil Scamming Country)

* [[Renoriba|Pelcach]] (mod protectorate; former [[UŊ]] protectorate; formerly [[Renoriba]])

Archipelagia

2026-08-10T17:02:39Z

Jutomi: /* Extraŋational Territories */ UNG dissolved stuff arg

[[File:Continent greenland.png|thumb]]
[[File:South archipelagia map.png|thumb|map of Nations in southern Archipelagia (revised to 16.03.2026) ]]
'''Archipelagia''' or '''Greenland''' is a [[continent]] located in the west of the [[ŋorld]], south of [[Ŋafrica]], and hosts 20 ŋations, 1 condominium, and 2 extraŋational territories.

== Ŋations in Archipelagia ==
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Murben't]])
* [[Avenyam|Avenyam, Principality of]]
* [[Coldba (Cuba)]]
* ''[[Doggerland]]'' (condominium of [[Adnar]], [[Coldba (Cuba)]], [[Hárǝsi]], [[Kaipa]])
* [[Dróstsiśtsi]] (mostly in the [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[Evil Sqamming Country]]
* [[Trévandroumélisse-Frossantiquervrâssonne-d’Prévallondurévrenne-en-Mijonnâ-Tourvléssourinde-pralondure-Méllontrévresse-Vrassédrinourde]]
* [[Hiop Nation]]
* [[Imerchal]] ([[Pòjaj]])
* [[Hárǝsi]]
* [[Hummland]] ([[Hämburg]], [[Neutral Miserly State]])
* [[Zer Makon Hertskomestat ut zer Pfaut Erxaf|The Hertskomestat Syndicate]] (partially in [[Ngegypt]], [[Slabland]] and [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]])
* [[Kaipa|Kaipa, Republic of]]
* [[Pyuwa]] (subordinate of [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]])
* [[Nsadaea]]
* [[Ŋərkey]]
* [[Pihi]] (partially in [[Thasusa]])
* [[Polnareff Land]]
* [[Stej Ven]]
* [[Xarslasja]] (only western [[La Paz County|La Paz]]; mostly in [[Thasusa]])

=== Former Ŋations in Archipelagia ===

*[[Amujxplosion|Amuj]] ([[North Amuj]]; partially in the [[Land of Chaos]] and [[Aŋtarctica]])
*[[Evil Scamming Country]]
* [[The Iron Empire]]
* [[Kiltmo]]
* [[Kotland]]
* [[Hydratic Republic of Lyrcynthinia|Lyrcynthinia, the Hydratic Republic of]]
* [[Murbetia]]
* [[Paz Kiiam]]
* [[Renoriba]] (formerly a [[UŊ]] Protectorate; partially in [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[Saharia]]
* [[Sq's Territories]]

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Archipelagia ==

* N/A

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[John Octahedron]] [[UnUŊ]] Protectorate (formerly part of Evil Scamming Country)

== Special Non-Governed Territories ==

* [[Renoriba|Pelcach]] (mod protectorate; former [[UŊ]] protectorate; formerly [[Renoriba]])

Archipelagia

2026-08-10T16:57:44Z

Jutomi: /* Foreign Colonies and Territories in Archipelagia */ Moved Hummland to regular ngations as well; keeping foreign territories in case anyone wants to redefine it away from "colony" to be "territory of a ngation who mostly had land elsewhere" or something.

[[File:Continent greenland.png|thumb]]
[[File:South archipelagia map.png|thumb|map of Nations in southern Archipelagia (revised to 16.03.2026) ]]
'''Archipelagia''' or '''Greenland''' is a [[continent]] located in the west of the [[ŋorld]], south of [[Ŋafrica]], and hosts 20 ŋations, 1 condominium, and 2 extraŋational territories.

== Ŋations in Archipelagia ==
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Murben't]])
* [[Avenyam|Avenyam, Principality of]]
* [[Coldba (Cuba)]]
* ''[[Doggerland]]'' (condominium of [[Adnar]], [[Coldba (Cuba)]], [[Hárǝsi]], [[Kaipa]])
* [[Dróstsiśtsi]] (mostly in the [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[Evil Sqamming Country]]
* [[Trévandroumélisse-Frossantiquervrâssonne-d’Prévallondurévrenne-en-Mijonnâ-Tourvléssourinde-pralondure-Méllontrévresse-Vrassédrinourde]]
* [[Hiop Nation]]
* [[Imerchal]] ([[Pòjaj]])
* [[Hárǝsi]]
* [[Hummland]] ([[Hämburg]], [[Neutral Miserly State]])
* [[Zer Makon Hertskomestat ut zer Pfaut Erxaf|The Hertskomestat Syndicate]] (partially in [[Ngegypt]], [[Slabland]] and [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]])
* [[Kaipa|Kaipa, Republic of]]
* [[Pyuwa]] (subordinate of [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]])
* [[Nsadaea]]
* [[Ŋərkey]]
* [[Pihi]] (partially in [[Thasusa]])
* [[Polnareff Land]]
* [[Stej Ven]]
* [[Xarslasja]] (only western [[La Paz County|La Paz]]; mostly in [[Thasusa]])

=== Former Ŋations in Archipelagia ===

*[[Amujxplosion|Amuj]] ([[North Amuj]]; partially in the [[Land of Chaos]] and [[Aŋtarctica]])
*[[Evil Scamming Country]]
* [[The Iron Empire]]
* [[Kiltmo]]
* [[Kotland]]
* [[Hydratic Republic of Lyrcynthinia|Lyrcynthinia, the Hydratic Republic of]]
* [[Murbetia]]
* [[Paz Kiiam]]
* [[Renoriba]] (formerly a [[UŊ]] Protectorate; partially in [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[Saharia]]
* [[Sq's Territories]]

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Archipelagia ==

* N/A

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[Renoriba|Pelcach]] [[UŊ]] Protectorate
* [[John Octahedron]] [[UnUŊ]] Protectorate (formerly part of Evil Scamming Country)

Archipelagia

2026-08-10T16:48:48Z

Jutomi: /* Foreign Colonies and Territories in Archipelagia */ Murben't was in the wrong place woopsie

[[File:Continent greenland.png|thumb]]
[[File:South archipelagia map.png|thumb|map of Nations in southern Archipelagia (revised to 16.03.2026) ]]
'''Archipelagia''' or '''Greenland''' is a [[continent]] located in the west of the [[ŋorld]], south of [[Ŋafrica]], and hosts 18 ŋations, 2 foreign territories, 1 condominium, and 2 extraŋational territories.

== Ŋations in Archipelagia ==
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Murben't]])
* [[Avenyam|Avenyam, Principality of]]
* [[Coldba (Cuba)]]
* ''[[Doggerland]]'' (condominium of [[Adnar]], [[Coldba (Cuba)]], [[Hárǝsi]], [[Kaipa]])
* [[Dróstsiśtsi]] (mostly in the [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[Evil Sqamming Country]]
* [[Trévandroumélisse-Frossantiquervrâssonne-d’Prévallondurévrenne-en-Mijonnâ-Tourvléssourinde-pralondure-Méllontrévresse-Vrassédrinourde]]
* [[Hiop Nation]]
* [[Imerchal]] ([[Pòjaj]])
* [[Hárǝsi]]
* [[Zer Makon Hertskomestat ut zer Pfaut Erxaf|The Hertskomestat Syndicate]] (partially in [[Ngegypt]], [[Slabland]] and [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]])
* [[Kaipa|Kaipa, Republic of]]
* [[Pyuwa]] (subordinate of [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]])
* [[Nsadaea]]
* [[Ŋərkey]]
* [[Pihi]] (partially in [[Thasusa]])
* [[Polnareff Land]]
* [[Stej Ven]]
* [[Xarslasja]] (only western [[La Paz County|La Paz]]; mostly in [[Thasusa]])

=== Former Ŋations in Archipelagia ===

*[[Amujxplosion|Amuj]] ([[North Amuj]]; partially in the [[Land of Chaos]] and [[Aŋtarctica]])
*[[Evil Scamming Country]]
* [[The Iron Empire]]
* [[Kiltmo]]
* [[Kotland]]
* [[Hydratic Republic of Lyrcynthinia|Lyrcynthinia, the Hydratic Republic of]]
* [[Murbetia]]
* [[Paz Kiiam]]
* [[Renoriba]] (formerly a [[UŊ]] Protectorate; partially in [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[Saharia]]
* [[Sq's Territories]]

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Archipelagia ==

* [[Hummland]] ([[Hämburg]], [[Neutral Miserly State]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[Renoriba|Pelcach]] [[UŊ]] Protectorate
* [[John Octahedron]] [[UnUŊ]] Protectorate (formerly part of Evil Scamming Country)

Tardigradia

2026-08-10T16:47:42Z

Jutomi: /* Foreign Colonies and Territories in Tardigradia */ I put Gevsaksavli in the wrong category woopsie

[[File:Continents.png|thumb|alt=Map of continents|Map of continents]]
'''Tardigradia''' is a [[continent]] located in the southeast of the [[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme|ŋorld]] and hosts 7 [[Country|countries]], 3 foreign territories, and 2 extraŋational territories. Tardigradia used to be part of the former-continent [[Cornertopia]].

== Ŋations in Tardigradia ==
* [[Antilvakia]]
* [[Corneria]] (partially in [[Aŋtarctica]])
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Gevsaksavli]]; partially in the [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[New Maeksikeo]] (partially in [[Slabland]])
* [[T'anshilebs]] (mostly in [[Gadicinta]])
* [[Paz Kiiam]]
* [[Pelialis]] (partially in [[Thasusa]])

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Fishland]] (partially in Thasusa)
* [[Gevsaksavli]] (partially in the [[Land of Chaos]]; joined [[Atlantis]])

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Tardigradia ==

* [[Aprux Mexyrhat]] ([[Aunsait]] and [[Kiakus'a]])

* [[Cataw]] ([[Timatyab]])

* [[Coldba (Cuba)]] ([[Ruined Capitol|Middle Cuba]])

=== Former Foreign Territories ===

* Coldba (Cuba) ([[Bad to the Land]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[Far Eastern Rail and Road Association|FERRA]] ([[Emberland]] and [[Ovvú Jičeiñŋã|Tsiccengair Territory]])
* [[ŊATO]] ([[Baarzenstad]])

ʡeteria

2026-08-08T17:29:34Z

Jutomi: x2

[[File:Continents.png|thumb|alt=Map of continents|Map of continents]]
'''ʡeteria''' is a [[continent]] located in the southwest corner of the [[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme|ŋorld]] and hosts 1 territory. It is the least populous continent, as well as the second smallest continent by land area, after [[Gaarlann]]. It is home to large swathes of untouched wilderness, as well as the southwest corner of the ŋorld. This corner has a claim to the Guam status, as the original [[Guam 1]] was also in the southwest corner. This corner also contains the starting checkpoint for the [[Tour de Nguh]], which is accessible by [[Venrail]]/[[Leshrail]].

== Ŋations in ʡeteria ==

=== Former Ŋations ===
* [[Aomoī-Kaervaenan Commonwealth]]
* [[Civuyiscajrn]]
* [[Dróstsiśtsi]] (abandoned a claim in the continent, didn't dissolve)
* [[Nan Hsüeh Kung Ssu]]
* [[Paz Kiiam]]

== Extraŋational Territories in ʡeteria ==

* [[Saying Wakey South-West]]

ʡeteria

2026-08-08T17:29:19Z

Jutomi: deŋationalized

[[File:Continents.png|thumb|alt=Map of continents|Map of continents]]
'''ʡeteria''' is a [[continent]] located in the southwest corner of the [[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme|ŋorld]] and hosts 1 [[country]]. It is the least populous continent, as well as the second smallest continent by land area, after [[Gaarlann]]. It is home to large swathes of untouched wilderness, as well as the southwest corner of the ŋorld. This corner has a claim to the Guam status, as the original [[Guam 1]] was also in the southwest corner. This corner also contains the starting checkpoint for the [[Tour de Nguh]], which is accessible by [[Venrail]]/[[Leshrail]].

== Ŋations in ʡeteria ==

=== Former Ŋations ===
* [[Aomoī-Kaervaenan Commonwealth]]
* [[Civuyiscajrn]]
* [[Dróstsiśtsi]] (abandoned a claim in the continent, didn't dissolve)
* [[Nan Hsüeh Kung Ssu]]
* [[Paz Kiiam]]

== Extraŋational Territories in ʡeteria ==

* [[Saying Wakey South-West]]

Slabland

2026-08-07T20:28:16Z

Jutomi: Atlantis

[[File:Continents.png|thumb|alt=Map of continents|Map of continents]]
'''Slabland''' is a [[continent]] located in the central-north of the [[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme|ŋorld]] and hosts 19 [[Country|countries]], 2 foreign territories, 1 condominium, 1 [[United Ŋations|UŊ]] protectorate, 1 private territory and 1 ungoverned territory. It is also the location of the [[Slab Exchange]] and [[Your Doom]], both of which are located in [[Old Kingdom]].

== Ŋations in Slabland ==

* [[Alternate Slumia]]
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Dagalunt]] and [[Sabgabagak]])
* [[I Êpcêm Mûn-nan]]
* [[Imerchal]]
* [[Kozdenen]]
* [[Kyaw Cen]] ([[Shingtsun]]; partially in [[Thasusa]])
* [[MápabaL]] (partially in Thasusa)
* [[Republic of Minaro-Cohasia|Minaro-Cohasia, Republic of]]
* [[Mobile Territories]] ([[Mobile Territories#Fauna|Birdtree Island]] and [[Mobile Territories#Fauna|Turtle Bay]]; mostly in [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]])
* [[Yunaited Kaingdwm|Nordiland]]
* [[Pantiago]]
* [[Ɍijeləm|Riyelum]]
* [[Sofao Tâsi]]
* [[The Syndicate|The Hertskomestat Syndicate]] ([[Klakkenbuutsch|Klakkenbutsch]]; partially in [[Archipelagia]], [[Ŋafrica]] and Leporia)
* [[Tejolant]]
* [[Ukoŋia]] (including [[North S'elivo Territory]])
* ''[[Vansterèl]]'' (Condiminium of Shingtsun and Imerchal)
* [[Wekañu-Skefo]] (partially in Leporia)
* [[Yysh]]

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Dagalunt]] (independent; joined [[Atlantis]])
* [[Hentzo]] (partially in [[Hlambigla]])
* [[Lavvakcesaa]]
* [[Nošaterçe]]
* [[Nyewez]] (partially in Hlambigla)
* [[Tanylezi]] (including [[Tje Manathi T'onzolo]]; partially in [[Gadicinta]])
* [[ǀNṵ́e ǂKx'ûm||Nṵ̀e ǂKx'ûm]]

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Slabland ==

* [[Adnar]] ([[Amodingaling Autonomous Ward]], other)
* [[New Maeksikeo]] ([[Newmoon Forest]])

=== Former Foreign Territories ===

* [[Hajdislant]] and [[Adnar]] ([[Lautseq]] in the aftermath of [[World War 2]], before it became a protectorate of the [[United Ŋations]])
* Kyaw Cen ([[Mariland]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[Juya Gwaña]]
* [[Lautseq]] [[United Ŋations|UŊ]] protectorate

* [[The Old Kingdom]]

=== Special Landmarks ===

* [[Slab Exchange]] (Old Kingdom)

* [[Your Doom]] (Old Kingdom)

Archipelagia

2026-08-07T20:27:34Z

Jutomi: Atlantis

[[File:Continent greenland.png|thumb]]
[[File:South archipelagia map.png|thumb|map of Nations in southern Archipelagia (revised to 16.03.2026) ]]
'''Archipelagia''' or '''Greenland''' is a [[continent]] located in the west of the [[ŋorld]], south of [[Ŋafrica]], and hosts 18 ŋations, 2 foreign territories, 1 condominium, and 2 extraŋational territories.

== Ŋations in Archipelagia ==
* [[Avenyam|Avenyam, Principality of]]
* [[Coldba (Cuba)]]
* ''[[Doggerland]]'' (condominium of [[Adnar]], [[Coldba (Cuba)]], [[Hárǝsi]], [[Kaipa]])
* [[Dróstsiśtsi]] (mostly in the [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[Evil Sqamming Country]]
* [[Trévandroumélisse-Frossantiquervrâssonne-d’Prévallondurévrenne-en-Mijonnâ-Tourvléssourinde-pralondure-Méllontrévresse-Vrassédrinourde]]
* [[Hiop Nation]]
* [[Imerchal]] ([[Pòjaj]])
* [[Hárǝsi]]
* [[Zer Makon Hertskomestat ut zer Pfaut Erxaf|The Hertskomestat Syndicate]] (partially in [[Ngegypt]], [[Slabland]] and [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]])
* [[Kaipa|Kaipa, Republic of]]
* [[Pyuwa]] (subordinate of [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]])
* [[Nsadaea]]
* [[Ŋərkey]]
* [[Pihi]] (partially in [[Thasusa]])
* [[Polnareff Land]]
* [[Stej Ven]]
* [[Xarslasja]] (only western [[La Paz County|La Paz]]; mostly in [[Thasusa]])

=== Former Ŋations in Archipelagia ===

*[[Amujxplosion|Amuj]] ([[North Amuj]]; partially in the [[Land of Chaos]] and [[Aŋtarctica]])
*[[Evil Scamming Country]]
* [[The Iron Empire]]
* [[Kiltmo]]
* [[Kotland]]
* [[Hydratic Republic of Lyrcynthinia|Lyrcynthinia, the Hydratic Republic of]]
* [[Murbetia]]
* [[Paz Kiiam]]
* [[Renoriba]] (formerly a [[UŊ]] Protectorate; partially in [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[Saharia]]
* [[Sq's Territories]]

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Archipelagia ==

* [[Atlantis]] ([[Murben't]])
* [[Hummland]] ([[Hämburg]], [[Neutral Miserly State]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[Renoriba|Pelcach]] [[UŊ]] Protectorate
* [[John Octahedron]] [[UnUŊ]] Protectorate (formerly part of Evil Scamming Country)

Thasusa

2026-08-07T20:26:58Z

Jutomi: Atlantis

[[File:Continent thasusa.png|thumb]]
[[File:Thasusa.png|thumb|alt=Map of Thasusa|Map of Thasusa (note: Pihi and Tanzang colony of Mosas not labeled, and map outdated.)]]
'''Thasusa''' {{ipa|/θəˈsu.sə/}} (commonly misread as '''Thausa''' or even '''Thausia''') is a [[continent]] located in the center of the [[ŋorld]]. It is the location of [[Spawn]] and hosts 23 [[Ŋation|ŋations]], 4 foreign territories, 4 condominiums and 2 extraŋational territories.

According to the[[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme| geoscheme of the United Ŋations Office for Cartography]], Thasusa includes [[Gesigak]], a region in the northeast of Thasusa with close ties to [[Slabland]].

== Name ==
The name ‘Thasusa’ originates from [[Śácamþaśá]] ''Þásþusa'' {{Script|script=thl|t=sAzuszo}}, meaning ‘Center Axis’.
{{Trans|
{{Trans/item|Araçanic| ''Çaçhusa'' {{ipa|/s̪as̪.hu.sa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Japanese|サスサ ''Sasusa'' {{ipa|/sasɯsa/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Kygami|''Casusa'' {{ipa|[tsəˈsu.sə]}}}}
{{Trans/item|Śácamþaśá|''Þásþusa'' {{Script|script=thl|t=sAzuszo}} {{ipa|/'θɑː(s)θusɐ/}}}}
{{Trans/item|Xindvâ|{{script|script=nuyxo|t=}} ''Thôsusa'' {{ipa|[θə.su.sə]}}}}
}}

== Ŋations in Thasusa ==
* [['Arbor 'Iland|''<nowiki/>'Arbor 'Iland'']] (condominium of [[Jutland]] and [[Kabazat]]; protectorate of Kabazat)
* [[Araçana]]
* [[Arktsev]]
* [[Aswnga|Aswnga and Axolotlland]]
* [[Atlantis]] (partially in [[Slabland]])
* [[Aylongam]]
* [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|''Cyryká'']] (condominium of [[Wánade]] and [[Fenizuela]])
* [[Fenizuela]]
* [[Kabazat]]
* [[Keltechra]]
* [[Kozdenen]] ([[Chielbary]])
* [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen, Kingdom of]] ([[Republic of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]], [[Marcyland]], [[Showhen Islands]]; partially in [[Slabland]])
* [[Liauolên]]
* [[MápabaL]] (partially in [[Slabland]] and [[Gadicinta]])
* [[Mdinart'in rar'i]] (protectorate of [[United Ildorgear State]])
* [[Myžariky]] (including [[Spawn]])
* [[Nāroňpār]]
* ''[[Ŋibraltar]]'' (Self-governing district of [[Xarslasja]] [[Compact of Free Association|in free association with]] [[Kyaw Cen]])
* [[Patra]]
* [[Pelialis]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Pihi]] (partially in [[Archipelagia]])
* [[Pua|Pua, Floracratic Republic of]]
* ''[[Surprise]]'' (condominium of [[Kozdenen]] and [[Xarslasja]])
* [[United Ildorgear State]]
* [[Wänade|Wánade]] (only [[Wánade#Noncontiguous Territories|Okańu]])
* [[Xarslasja]]
* [[Xtrakva]] (only [[Shroomland]]; formerly a condominium)

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Chielbary]]
* [[East Pua]]
* [[Fishland]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Haneburg]]
* [[Kog'eññe]] (no longer a [[UŊ]] protectorate)
* [[West Pua]]
* [[Xangjûm]]
* [[Þunan Qumreá]] (including [[Pais Transanguino Ranitino]]; partially in [[Ŋafrica]])

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Thasusa ==

* [[Maraśa]] ([[Þunan Qumreá#Provinces#Muweweśáj|Muweweśáj]])
* [[Maize]]
* [[Tanzang]] ([[Mosas]] Colony)
* [[Stej Ven]] ([[Gagma Balls]] territory)
* [[Viberia]]

== Extraŋational Territories in Thasusa ==

* [[Thasusan Union]] ([[Þunan Ŋáce]])

* [[Vee's Base]] ([[The Hole]])

=== Former Extraŋational Territories ===

* [[Sq's Territories]] (mostly in the [[Land of Chaos]])

Land of Chaos

2026-08-07T20:26:25Z

Jutomi: atlantis 2

[[File:Continent landofchaos.png|thumb]]
The '''Land of Chaos''' is a [[continent]] located in the central-south of the [[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme|ŋorld]] and hosts 20 [[Country|countries]], 1 condominium, and 6 extraŋational territories. It is also the namesake of the [[Land of Chaos Agency for Transportation Expansion]].

== Ŋations in the Land of Chaos ==

* [[Ansilant Federation]] (partially in [[Aŋtarctica]])
* ''[[Arbustivum]]'' (condominium of [[Regnate Latium]] and [[T'anshilebs]])
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Gevsaksavli]]; partialy in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Aylongam]] ([[Viren Islands]], mostly in [[Thasusa]]; disputed by Aylongam)
* [[Cataw]]
* [[Cxihraaakruta]] (partially in [[Aŋtarctica]])
* [[Dróstsiśtsi]] (partially in [[Archipelagia]])
* [[Eistówú|Eistówú, Polis of]]
* [[Evil Scamming Country (Condominium of Chaos)]]
* [[Hajdislant]]
* [[Hummland]] ([[Mawg]] and the [[Wug Islands]])
* [[Kozdenen]] ([[Blighted Shrine|Blighted Shrine Guardian Farm]], [[Chielbary]])
* [[Lairuia]]
* [[Maize]] (only [[Gusabaalhan]])
* [[Qosculyn]]
* [[Regnate Latium]]
* [[Stej Ven]] ([[Saiŋt Pierre and Ɱiqueloŋ]])
* [[T'anshilebs]] (mostly in [[Gadicinta]])
* [[The Complex]]
* [[Tauranga Puawai]]
* [[Xtrakva]]

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Amujxplosion|Amuj]] (including [[Igeþa]], [[Shudrow]], and [[Uzafnic Federation]]; partially in [[Archipelagia]] and [[Aŋtarctica]])
* [[Anaku]]
* [[Bootland]]
* [[Evil Scamming Country]] ([[Evil Chile]])
* [[Gevsaksavli]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]]; joined [[Atlantis]])
* ''[[Oaksby]]'' (Condominium of [[Bootland]] and [[Dróstsiśtsi]])

* [[Otslahue]]
* [[Renoriba]] (formerly a [[UŊ]] Protectorate; partially in [[Archipelagia]])
* [[The Realm of Madness|Realm of Madness]]
* [[Dulgarda|Seolland]] (partially in [[Aŋtarctica]])
* [[Smalland]]
* [[Vilantnen]] (and [[Gazhelant]])
Vilantnen and [[Chielbary]] both split from SQ's territories, before reuniting as Chielbary, before being absorbed into [[Kozdenen]]

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[A Consequência das Ações Caóticas da apollyon|CACa]]
* [[Entropy's base]]
* [[Evil Chile]] [[UnUŊ]] Protectorate
* [[Qamuqgelk]]
* The [[Madlands]]
* [[LoCATE]] ([[Ostmare]])
* [[Paul]] [[UŊ]] Protectorate

=== Former Extraŋational Territories ===

* [[La Consequéncia deis Accions caoticas d'Ánuan|CACA]]
* [[Sq's Territories]] (partially in [[Thasusa]])
Another featured entity was the [[Condominium of Chaos]], although this was not generally considered a single nation with a single claim so much as the collective results of the [[BIG SHOT MINECRAP SALE!!!]]

Tardigradia

2026-08-07T20:25:52Z

Jutomi: Atlantis

[[File:Continents.png|thumb|alt=Map of continents|Map of continents]]
'''Tardigradia''' is a [[continent]] located in the southeast of the [[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme|ŋorld]] and hosts 7 [[Country|countries]], 3 foreign territories, and 2 extraŋational territories. Tardigradia used to be part of the former-continent [[Cornertopia]].

== Ŋations in Tardigradia ==
* [[Antilvakia]]
* [[Corneria]] (partially in [[Aŋtarctica]])
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Gevsaksavli]]; partially in the [[Land of Chaos]])
* [[New Maeksikeo]] (partially in [[Slabland]])
* [[T'anshilebs]] (mostly in [[Gadicinta]])
* [[Paz Kiiam]]
* [[Pelialis]] (partially in [[Thasusa]])

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Fishland]] (partially in Thasusa)

== Foreign Colonies and Territories in Tardigradia ==

* [[Aprux Mexyrhat]] ([[Aunsait]] and [[Kiakus'a]])

* [[Cataw]] ([[Timatyab]])

* [[Coldba (Cuba)]] ([[Ruined Capitol|Middle Cuba]])
* [[Gevsaksavli]] (partially in the [[Land of Chaos]]; joined [[Atlantis]])

=== Former Foreign Territories ===

* Coldba (Cuba) ([[Bad to the Land]])

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[Far Eastern Rail and Road Association|FERRA]] ([[Emberland]] and [[Ovvú Jičeiñŋã|Tsiccengair Territory]])
* [[ŊATO]] ([[Baarzenstad]])

Land of Chaos

2026-08-07T20:24:58Z

Jutomi: atlantis

[[File:Continent landofchaos.png|thumb]]
The '''Land of Chaos''' is a [[continent]] located in the central-south of the [[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme|ŋorld]] and hosts 20 [[Country|countries]], 1 condominium, and 6 extraŋational territories. It is also the namesake of the [[Land of Chaos Agency for Transportation Expansion]].

== Ŋations in the Land of Chaos ==

* [[Ansilant Federation]] (partially in [[Aŋtarctica]])
* ''[[Arbustivum]]'' (condominium of [[Regnate Latium]] and [[T'anshilebs]])
* [[Aylongam]] ([[Viren Islands]], mostly in [[Thasusa]]; disputed by Aylongam)
* [[Cataw]]
* [[Cxihraaakruta]] (partially in [[Aŋtarctica]])
* [[Dróstsiśtsi]] (partially in [[Archipelagia]])
* [[Eistówú|Eistówú, Polis of]]
* [[Evil Scamming Country (Condominium of Chaos)]]
* [[Atlantis]] ([[Gevsaksavli]]; partly in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Hajdislant]]
* [[Hummland]] ([[Mawg]] and the [[Wug Islands]])
* [[Kozdenen]] ([[Blighted Shrine|Blighted Shrine Guardian Farm]], [[Chielbary]])
* [[Lairuia]]
* [[Maize]] (only [[Gusabaalhan]])
* [[Qosculyn]]
* [[Regnate Latium]]
* [[Stej Ven]] ([[Saiŋt Pierre and Ɱiqueloŋ]])
* [[T'anshilebs]] (mostly in [[Gadicinta]])
* [[The Complex]]
* [[Tauranga Puawai]]
* [[Xtrakva]]

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Amujxplosion|Amuj]] (including [[Igeþa]], [[Shudrow]], and [[Uzafnic Federation]]; partially in [[Archipelagia]] and [[Aŋtarctica]])
* [[Anaku]]
* [[Bootland]]
* [[Evil Scamming Country]] ([[Evil Chile]])
* [[Gevsaksavli]] (partially in [[Tardigradia]]; joined [[Atlantis]])
* ''[[Oaksby]]'' (Condominium of [[Bootland]] and [[Dróstsiśtsi]])

* [[Otslahue]]
* [[Renoriba]] (formerly a [[UŊ]] Protectorate; partially in [[Archipelagia]])
* [[The Realm of Madness|Realm of Madness]]
* [[Dulgarda|Seolland]] (partially in [[Aŋtarctica]])
* [[Smalland]]
* [[Vilantnen]] (and [[Gazhelant]])
Vilantnen and [[Chielbary]] both split from SQ's territories, before reuniting as Chielbary, before being absorbed into [[Kozdenen]]

== Extraŋational Territories ==

* [[A Consequência das Ações Caóticas da apollyon|CACa]]
* [[Entropy's base]]
* [[Evil Chile]] [[UnUŊ]] Protectorate
* [[Qamuqgelk]]
* The [[Madlands]]
* [[LoCATE]] ([[Ostmare]])
* [[Paul]] [[UŊ]] Protectorate

=== Former Extraŋational Territories ===

* [[La Consequéncia deis Accions caoticas d'Ánuan|CACA]]
* [[Sq's Territories]] (partially in [[Thasusa]])
Another featured entity was the [[Condominium of Chaos]], although this was not generally considered a single nation with a single claim so much as the collective results of the [[BIG SHOT MINECRAP SALE!!!]]

Aŋtarctica

2026-08-07T20:22:02Z

Jutomi: map update

[[File:Continents.png|thumb|alt=Map of continents|Map of continents]]
''Not to be confused with the real-world continent of [[w:Antarctica|Antarctica]].''

'''Aŋtarctica''' or '''Angtarctica''' is a [[continent]] located in the south of the [[United Ŋations Office for Cartography#United Ŋations geoscheme|ŋorld]] and hosts 9 [[Country|countries]], including one foreign territory. Aŋtarctica used to be part of the former-continent [[Cornertopia]].

== Ŋations in Aŋtarctica ==

* [[Ansilant|Ansilant Federation]] (Partially in the [[Land of Chaos]]; has a condominium with Seolialas)
* [[Amoria]]
* [[Cxihraaakruta]] (Partially in the Land of Chaos)
* [[Corneria]] (Mostly in [[Tardigradia]])
* [[Gdaƨihr Ni̦xlo]]
* [[Kimare]]
* [[Lewıne qapp Ȝısın qog ħèr]]
* [[Myshājō|Myshājō]]
* [[Seolialis]] ([[Caluta]]; has a condominium with Ansilant Federation)

=== Former Ŋations ===

* [[Amujxplosion|Amuj]] ([[South Amuj]]; partially in the [[Land of Chaos]] and [[Archipelagia]])

* [[Kathyria]]

* [[Seolland]] (Partially in the Land of Chaos)

Qa'oisi

2026-08-07T19:04:50Z

Jutomi: /* Romanization */ -

{{Infobox language|name=Qa'oisi|family=Unknown|era=today|scripts=Unknown|country=[[Qoatzait]]|number=Unknown|usage=Unknown|lang-code=qao|demonym=Unknown}}

'''Qa'oisi''' (IPA: /qaʔoixi/, [k̠ɑ.ʔoɪ.ç̠ɪh]; English: Qoishi [kəˈwi.ʃi]) is reported to be a rare language in the east of [[Ŋafrica]], found around [[Qoatzait]]. Not much is well documented on the language at this time, although its phonology is fairly well established due to its regularity, despite being somewhat unusual. It is not known to have any living relatives at this time.

== Phonology ==
Qa'oisi is estimated to have a fairly small phonemic inventory, although its phonetic inventory is considerably larger.

=== Vowels ===
There are only 3 vowels in Qa'oisi: <Ii> /i/, <Aa> /a/, and <Oo> /o/. These vowels may appear next to each other or on their own, allowing for allophonic glides and diphthongs, although these are not considered unique and are in free variation with normal vowel hiatus. One analysis also preserves /ə/, which still appears phonetically between voiced stops, while becoming either an assimilating voiceless puff of frication or otherwise disappearing entirely in all other environments.

=== Consonants ===
By some counts, Qa'oisi may also have a very small inventory of consonants, with only 12 plosives, 2 fricatives, and 4 nasal stops. Glides are considered allophonic.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Base Consonants
!Bilabial
!Alveolar
!Velar
!Uvular
!Glottal
|-
|Voiceless Plosive
|Pp /p/
|Tt /t/
|Kk /k/
|Qq /q/
|' /ʔ/
|-
|Voiced Plosive
|Bb /b/
|Dd /d/
|Gg /g/
|
|
|-
|Fricated Plosive
|
|Cc /tˢ/
|Jj /kˣ/
|
|
|-
|Ejective
|
|Cx cx /tʼ/
|Jx jx /kʼ/
|Qx qx /qʼ/
|
|-
|Fricative
|
|Zz /s/
|Ss /x/
|
|
|-
|Nasal
|Mm /m/
|Nn /n/
|Yy /ɲ/
|Rr /ŋ/
|
|}
This analysis is fairly simple, and matches the romanization (with the addition of x to denote enunciation), although it is not perfect. Assuming a CVC structure, it assumes /ə/ is still a fully-fledged vowel that disappears in most environments, while all consonants other than fricatives, explosives, or a glottal stop may appear in coda position. This system is called the "ghost e" analysis, and can make words phonemically run a bit longer than other analyses, since a vowel and in some cases an additional missing unknown consonant need to be appended to stopped codas. A rnatively, it assumes a CVCC structure, with /ʔ/ being not only possible in coda position, but also after any other consonant except /q/ and explosives; this analysis is considered unrealistic and not entirely true to the history or modern realization of its phonetic realizations. This system is called the "ghost x" analysis.

Another, alternative analysis is that all consonants (except either /q/ or /ʔ/) have a duplicate, no-audible-release (or "stopped coda") version, and that these are phonemically distinct. (I.e. /p/ is distinct from /p̚/ in coda positions). The "dual coda" analysis suggests twice as many phonemes, which, along with somewhat more nuanced places of articulation, a linguist popularized with the below table.
{| class="wikitable"
!Base Consonants
!Bilabial
!Dental
!Palatal
!Uvular
!Glottal
|-
|Unvoiced Plosives
|/p/ /p̚/
|/t/ /t̚/
|/c/ /c̚/
|/q/ /qʼ/
|/ʔ/ (/q̚/~/ʔˤ/)
|-
|Voiced Plosive
|/b/ /b̚/
|/d/ /d̚/
|/ɟ/ /ɟ̚/
|
|
|-
|Unvoiced Affricates
|
|/tˢ/ /tˢʼ/
|/cˣ/ /cˣʼ/
|
|
|-
|Fricative
|
|/s/ (/s̚/)
|/ç/ (/ç̚/)
|
|
|-
|Nasal
|/m/ (/m̚/)
|/n/ (/n̚/)
|/ɲ/ (/ɲ̚/)
|/ɴ/ (/ɴ̚/)
|
|}
It should be noted that the dental consonants may be dental-alveolar, the velar/palatal consonants seem to be more accurately prevelar, and the uvular consonant may be either postvelar or uvular - it's difficult to tell for sure which. This is why symbols have varied between linguists for palatal/velar and velar/uvular consonants.

Furthermore, /tˢ/ and /cˣ/ are analyzed as a weakly fricated /t/ and /c/, and may be considered either weak affricates or strongly aspirated. /tˢ/ is still considered dental, though is more likely to be laminal or weakly palatalized than the other dental consonants; /cˣ/ is generally still postpalatal or prevelar.

Another thing of note is that, on account of the nature of applosives, the realization of non-released fricatives and nasals is that they are brief consonants, either glottalized or abruptly followed by an applosive. Thus, while s̚, ç̚, m̚, n̚, ɲ̚, and ɴ̚ may not truly exist, they are often written as useful shorthands; despite this, their true nature likely means /s̚/ is actually closer to [s̆t̚] or [ˢt̚], etc.

It lastly should be noted that explosives are usually tense, often fricated plosives that are sometimes weakly ejective in nature, having a "spatting" quality and always being fortis in nature. This is different from both plosives and explosives followed by /ʔ/, where the former may result in a weak ejective (sometimes notated as [Cˀ]) and the latter a true strong ejective with a lengthened glottal release. /cʼ~kʼ/ and /tʼ/ most often have fricated release while /qʼ/ generally does not, though there is no phonemic contrast.

Another thing worth noting is that the status of /q̚/ is disputed even among those who prefer the dual codas model, as it phonemically arises from /q/ much the same way other non-released stops are. However, it is not entirely clear if this is accurate, since it seems like it can be identical to /ʔ/, though there are some distinct impacts on following vowels rather than prior vowels, though in rare cases it may even surface as [ʡ]. Since it is in complementary distribution with /ʔ/, they are sometimes instead analyzed one and the same, while others prefer a distinct /q̚/. This problem also persists in the simplified phonemic inventory, since the sound could still be represented better phonotactically with /q/ but phonetically with /ʔ/. Additionally, some linguists prefer to stick /ʔ/ next to /q/ and refer to the entire column as "gutteral".

Lastly, there have been a proposal to consider explosives as the inaudible release equivalents for /tˢ/, /cˣ/ and /q/, and instead analyze /q̚/ as a simple coda /ʔ/. This proposal would even work better with ghost-e and ghost-x analyses, as it'd remove many phonotactic constraints; however, it'd also add unnecessary complications, since unlike applosives, explosives can in fact appear in onset positions.

=== Phonotactics ===
As stated previously, the basic syllable structure is (C)V(C), although it may be (C)V(C)(ʔ) under the ghost x analysis. Under both simple phoneme analyses, any consonant may begin a syllable, or be absent entirely. Most consonants can also optionally end a syllable; however, whereas the ghost e analysis argues that /ʔ/, /tˢ/, /kˣ/, /s/, /x/, /tʼ/, /kʼ/, and /qʼ/ cannot end a syllable, the ghost x analysis posits that all syllables may end a syllable, and all ''except'' /ʔ/, /tˢ/, /cˣ/ /tʼ/, /cʼ/, /q'/ may further be followed by /ʔ/. The dual coda analysis instead posits that all consonants may end syllable (except possible /ʔ/; see above paragraph), while only consonants with an audible release may begin one.

There is a phonemic distinction between two vowels separated by /ʔ/ and a plain vowel hiatus, the latter of which may optionally result in glides or diphthongs. However, /ʔ/ is almost only phonetically contrastive intervocally, since utterance-initially, and after codas, an epenthetic [ʔ] is inserted before a vowel. This may have once been a non-distinct realization as a boundary between morphemes, but later got engrained as a distinct phoneme only in certain environments. It may sometimes be dropped utterance-initially if there are two vowels beside one another, but this is optional. Many argue that an epenthetic [ʔ] is also inserted after an ejective consonant even before another consonant, since the duration is similar to that of a coda ejective before a vowel, rather than an onset ejective.

Additionally, while the language is phonemically fairly simple, if difficult to precisely qualify, it is also phonetically a bit more complicated. There is a distinction between /V.CV/ and /VC.V/, since /ʔ/ is epenthetic before vowels in these environments, although there is not a distinction between /VC.V/ and /VC.ʔV/. This may also cause voiceless plosives to become weak ejectives in nature, although not necessarily; this is sometimes notated with a weak glottalization symbol [Cˀ] to distinguish them from phonemic strong ejectives [Cʼ].

Additionally, there is the distinction between non-released consonants, even intervocally. Across analyses, this results in a phonemic contrast between /V.Cə.V/ and /VC.V/, /VC.(ʔ)V/ vs. /VCʔ.(ʔ)V/, or two different phonemes in /VC.V/. These are all distinguishable from onset /V.CV/, as well as both onset and coda ejective phonemes.

In addition to these distinctions, there is also further distinctions between them and /VC.CV/, where the coda may be the same, different, or the non-audible version of the following consonant. Consonants which are fundamentally the same are both pronounced clearly when plosives/affricates/ejectives and cause gemination in fricatives and nasals. In cases where they are otherwise the same place of articulation, but the coda consonant is inaudible, then this is reversed; plosives/affricates/ejectives are geminated, while fricatives and nasals are "broken" with a nonreleased stop of the same place of articulation (or, especially in the case of nasals, sometimes glottal stops).

Things are further complicated when the two consonants are different. While most of the time they are predictable, there are some nuances that must be given attention. Released codas are always fully pronounced, and never "melt" into the following consonant, while nonreleased codas may optionally lose their glottal-like quality when following another consonant. For instance, using dual coda analysis, /atsa/ would be analyzed as [ʔat.sa], while /at̚sa/ would be either [ʔat̚.sa] or, more frequently, [ʔaʔt͡sa]. The difference is even notable in different places of articulation, where the /c/ in /acsa/ much more pronounced and distinguished than in /ac̚sa/, though it is still pronounced in both. Note that voicing of each component remains distinct. (Also note: these are all distinct from /a.tˢa/ [a.tˢa] and /at̚tˢa/ [at:ˢa])

Additionally, coda /q̚/ (/ʔ/) does something different. While the actual uvular aspect of the consonant is often lost, it causes uvularization or pharyngealization of the following consonant leading into the vowel, as well as brief lowering of the vowel in question. For example, /iaq̚si/ may be pronounced as anything from [jæʔ.sˤɪ̞] to [ʔɪɑ̆.ʡsɤɪ̆]. Additionally, any following voiced plosives may become implosive.

Lastly, utterance-finally, an [h] may be appended to vowels to keep them distinct from non-released consonants, which may become more like voiceless approximants or weak fricatives in a similar place of articulation to the vowel. Utterance-final q̚ may be [ʔh].

As such, the full range of hypothesized ''contrastive'' phones may actually resemble something more along the lines of the table below, although there is a fair amount of room for disagreement. Phones indicated in (parentheses) may often be analyzed as two phonemes, with some (such as prestopped fricatives) being considered dubious distinctions, while phones in [brackets] are considered less-frequent free-variation allophones.
{| class="wikitable"
!Base Consonants
!Bilabial
!Dental
!Prevelar
!(Pre)uvular
!Laryngeal
|-
|Voiceless Plosive
|p p̚ (p:) (pˀ)
|t̪ t̪̚ t̪: (t̪ˀ) [t̪’] ([t̪:’)]
|c̠ c̠̚ c̠: (c̠ˀ) [c̠’] ([c̠:’])
|k̠ k̠̚ (k̠:) (k̠ˀ) k̠’ (k̠:’)
|[ʡ] ʔ [ʡ:~ʔˤ]
|-
|Voiced Plosive
|b b̚ (b:) (ɓˤ~b̰)
|d̪ d̪̚ (d̪:) (ɗˤ~d̰)
|ɟ̠ ɟ̠̚ (ɟ̠:) (ʄˤ~ɟ̰)
|
|
|-
|Fricated Plosive
|
|tˢ tˢ’ (t:ˢ) (t:ˢ’) (tˢˀ)
|c̠ˣ c̠ˣ’ (c̠:ˣ) (c̠:ˣ’) (c̠ˣˀ)
|[k̠ᵡ’] ([k̠ᵡ:’])
|[ʔh]
|-
|(Prestopped Fricative)
|
|(t͡s~t͡:s) (t͡s:)
|(c̠͡ç̠~c̠͡:ç̠) (c̠͡ç̠:)
|
|
|-
|Fricative
|
|s̪ (s̪:)
|ç̠ (ç̠:)
|
|[h~ɦ]
|-
|Nasal
|m (m:)
|n̪ (n̪:)
|ɲ̠ (ɲ̠:)
|ŋ̠ (ŋ̠:)
|
|-
|Liquid
|[w]
|
|[j]
| colspan="2" |[ă [ʕ̞~ʢ]]
|-
|Vowels
|o
|
|i
|a
|
|}
Using dual coda analysis, there are an estimated 1,842 possible syllables, with 620 different possible intervocal consonants/clusters.

=== Romanization ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Letter
!Aa
!Bb
!Cc
!Dd
!Gg
!Ii
!Jj
!Kk
!Mm
!Nn
!Oo
!Pp
!Qq
!Rr
!Ss
!Tt
!Yy
!Zz
!Xx
!ʻ'
|-
|Basic IPA / Onset
|/a/
|/b/
|/tˢ/
|/d/
|/g/
|/i/
|/kˣ/
|/k/
|/m/
|/n/
|/o/
|/p/
|/q/
|/ŋ/
|/x/
|/t/
|/ɲ/
|/s/
| -
|/ʔ/
|-
|In Coda
|ă~ʕ
|b̚
|tˢ
|d̚
|g̚
|ɪ̆~j
|kˣ
|k̚
|m̚
|n̚
|ŏ~w
|p̚
|q
|ŋ̚
|x̚
|t̚
|ɲ̚
|s̚
|Fortis
| q̚
|-
|In Coda + x
| -
|b
| tˢ’
|d
|g
| -
| kˣ’
|k
|m
|n
| -
|p
|q’
|ŋ
|x
|t
|ɲ
|s
| -
| q̚ʔ
|}
Note: Capital X is sometimes used for non-written shorthands or other purposes, or if all caps are used. In most cases, it follows a consonant to indicate that it has audible release, although it is used for c, j, and q to spell the ejectives. Coda ' when followed by a vowel is spelled 'x. Semantic - is used for compounds and contractions, much like a traditional hyphen or apostrophe, and is considered a punctuation rather than a letter.

== Grammar ==
Qa'oisi is a predominantly a topic-marking language, with no clear preference for word order, although VSO and VOS are considered to be more topic neutral, as moving nouns after the verb is considered a backgrounding of information. It appears to be weakly head-initial and weakly agglutinative, being a largely dependent-marking language, although it features a bit of double marking. It also features split ergativity with fluid-s nominative-absolutive alignment, although it differs from most other languages in execution.

=== Nouns ===

==== Case ====
Nouns come in five cases. There are three syntactic cases - nominative, absolutive, and oblique, which also code for a level of directionality and intention, as well as orientation and location - and two locative cases, along with two possessive marking cases for pronouns.

- The '''nominative case''' is usually used when an action is in the present tense, perfective aspect, or for transitive verbs in which the subject is acting with intention. It is also used for certain locatives, as well as a possessive, instrumental, or causative. It can also be used as a positive comitative or privative, i.e. ''Thanks to XYZ''

- The '''absolutive case''' is usually used when an action is acting as a receiver, reflexive, or is in the past imperfective, as well as transitive verbs in which the subject is either the patient or acting unintentionally. It is also used for other locatives, or as a possessed case, partitive, benefactive, or vehicular (anti-instrumental). It can also be used as a negative comitative or privative, i.e. ''Despite XYZ.''

- The '''oblique case''', which can be thought of as the ergative-accusative case, is generally used for the argument that's neither nominative nor absolutive (although sometimes both are used in a transitive sentence, especially if both are being strongly emphasized). This case can also function as the dative, locative, vocative, and comitative, or neutral ''alongside XYZ.''

- The '''terminative case''' is used to indicate "up to XYZ", "before XYZ", "between X and Y", and "including X and Y". It is primarily used for locatives and temporal phrases, but can be used derivationally to mean "almost". It is also generally used for the subessive, superessive, antessive and intrative, and sometimes as a lative.

- The '''postessive case''' is used to indicate going beyond something or behind something, such as "past/beyond/after XYZ" or "behind XYZ". It is also used as a distant subessive or superessive, postelative, approximative or apudessive, and sometimes as an ablative. Like the terminative case, it is mainly used for locatives and temporal phrases, but can be used derivationally to mean "very" or even "excessively".

Additionally, there is a possessive marker which can be added to a nominative or absolutive case to indicate whether an object possesses or is possessed by something. These are sometimes analyzed as a distinct pair of cases, being the possessive and genitive or partitive. However, most analyze only pronouns as having these true cases, since for most nouns it is just a nominative or absolutive case accompanied by a single possessive morpheme.

==== Gender and Number ====
Nouns come in a basic singular-plural distinction. They also feature grammatical gender, in which case adjectives and case agreement match the gender of the noun in question. Prepositions also frequently match the gender of the noun, an instance of head marking, although verbs do not agree with grammatical gender.

The three forms of grammatical gender are generally considered to be wide, thin, and fluid, although in reality many words may fall into categories they wouldn't logically belong to. Wide gendered words tend to end in full consonants, thin gendered words tend to end in applosives, and fluid words tend to end in -i. The plural for wide words tend to end in -o, thin words in -a, and fluid words also in -i, as there originally was not a strong distinction between singular and plural fluid nouns, although exceptions do exist.
[[Category:Language]]

Qa'oisi

2026-08-07T19:04:32Z

Jutomi: ʔ

{{Infobox language|name=Qa'oisi|family=Unknown|era=today|scripts=Unknown|country=[[Qoatzait]]|number=Unknown|usage=Unknown|lang-code=qao|demonym=Unknown}}

'''Qa'oisi''' (IPA: /qaʔoixi/, [k̠ɑ.ʔoɪ.ç̠ɪh]; English: Qoishi [kəˈwi.ʃi]) is reported to be a rare language in the east of [[Ŋafrica]], found around [[Qoatzait]]. Not much is well documented on the language at this time, although its phonology is fairly well established due to its regularity, despite being somewhat unusual. It is not known to have any living relatives at this time.

== Phonology ==
Qa'oisi is estimated to have a fairly small phonemic inventory, although its phonetic inventory is considerably larger.

=== Vowels ===
There are only 3 vowels in Qa'oisi: <Ii> /i/, <Aa> /a/, and <Oo> /o/. These vowels may appear next to each other or on their own, allowing for allophonic glides and diphthongs, although these are not considered unique and are in free variation with normal vowel hiatus. One analysis also preserves /ə/, which still appears phonetically between voiced stops, while becoming either an assimilating voiceless puff of frication or otherwise disappearing entirely in all other environments.

=== Consonants ===
By some counts, Qa'oisi may also have a very small inventory of consonants, with only 12 plosives, 2 fricatives, and 4 nasal stops. Glides are considered allophonic.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Base Consonants
!Bilabial
!Alveolar
!Velar
!Uvular
!Glottal
|-
|Voiceless Plosive
|Pp /p/
|Tt /t/
|Kk /k/
|Qq /q/
|' /ʔ/
|-
|Voiced Plosive
|Bb /b/
|Dd /d/
|Gg /g/
|
|
|-
|Fricated Plosive
|
|Cc /tˢ/
|Jj /kˣ/
|
|
|-
|Ejective
|
|Cx cx /tʼ/
|Jx jx /kʼ/
|Qx qx /qʼ/
|
|-
|Fricative
|
|Zz /s/
|Ss /x/
|
|
|-
|Nasal
|Mm /m/
|Nn /n/
|Yy /ɲ/
|Rr /ŋ/
|
|}
This analysis is fairly simple, and matches the romanization (with the addition of x to denote enunciation), although it is not perfect. Assuming a CVC structure, it assumes /ə/ is still a fully-fledged vowel that disappears in most environments, while all consonants other than fricatives, explosives, or a glottal stop may appear in coda position. This system is called the "ghost e" analysis, and can make words phonemically run a bit longer than other analyses, since a vowel and in some cases an additional missing unknown consonant need to be appended to stopped codas. A rnatively, it assumes a CVCC structure, with /ʔ/ being not only possible in coda position, but also after any other consonant except /q/ and explosives; this analysis is considered unrealistic and not entirely true to the history or modern realization of its phonetic realizations. This system is called the "ghost x" analysis.

Another, alternative analysis is that all consonants (except either /q/ or /ʔ/) have a duplicate, no-audible-release (or "stopped coda") version, and that these are phonemically distinct. (I.e. /p/ is distinct from /p̚/ in coda positions). The "dual coda" analysis suggests twice as many phonemes, which, along with somewhat more nuanced places of articulation, a linguist popularized with the below table.
{| class="wikitable"
!Base Consonants
!Bilabial
!Dental
!Palatal
!Uvular
!Glottal
|-
|Unvoiced Plosives
|/p/ /p̚/
|/t/ /t̚/
|/c/ /c̚/
|/q/ /qʼ/
|/ʔ/ (/q̚/~/ʔˤ/)
|-
|Voiced Plosive
|/b/ /b̚/
|/d/ /d̚/
|/ɟ/ /ɟ̚/
|
|
|-
|Unvoiced Affricates
|
|/tˢ/ /tˢʼ/
|/cˣ/ /cˣʼ/
|
|
|-
|Fricative
|
|/s/ (/s̚/)
|/ç/ (/ç̚/)
|
|
|-
|Nasal
|/m/ (/m̚/)
|/n/ (/n̚/)
|/ɲ/ (/ɲ̚/)
|/ɴ/ (/ɴ̚/)
|
|}
It should be noted that the dental consonants may be dental-alveolar, the velar/palatal consonants seem to be more accurately prevelar, and the uvular consonant may be either postvelar or uvular - it's difficult to tell for sure which. This is why symbols have varied between linguists for palatal/velar and velar/uvular consonants.

Furthermore, /tˢ/ and /cˣ/ are analyzed as a weakly fricated /t/ and /c/, and may be considered either weak affricates or strongly aspirated. /tˢ/ is still considered dental, though is more likely to be laminal or weakly palatalized than the other dental consonants; /cˣ/ is generally still postpalatal or prevelar.

Another thing of note is that, on account of the nature of applosives, the realization of non-released fricatives and nasals is that they are brief consonants, either glottalized or abruptly followed by an applosive. Thus, while s̚, ç̚, m̚, n̚, ɲ̚, and ɴ̚ may not truly exist, they are often written as useful shorthands; despite this, their true nature likely means /s̚/ is actually closer to [s̆t̚] or [ˢt̚], etc.

It lastly should be noted that explosives are usually tense, often fricated plosives that are sometimes weakly ejective in nature, having a "spatting" quality and always being fortis in nature. This is different from both plosives and explosives followed by /ʔ/, where the former may result in a weak ejective (sometimes notated as [Cˀ]) and the latter a true strong ejective with a lengthened glottal release. /cʼ~kʼ/ and /tʼ/ most often have fricated release while /qʼ/ generally does not, though there is no phonemic contrast.

Another thing worth noting is that the status of /q̚/ is disputed even among those who prefer the dual codas model, as it phonemically arises from /q/ much the same way other non-released stops are. However, it is not entirely clear if this is accurate, since it seems like it can be identical to /ʔ/, though there are some distinct impacts on following vowels rather than prior vowels, though in rare cases it may even surface as [ʡ]. Since it is in complementary distribution with /ʔ/, they are sometimes instead analyzed one and the same, while others prefer a distinct /q̚/. This problem also persists in the simplified phonemic inventory, since the sound could still be represented better phonotactically with /q/ but phonetically with /ʔ/. Additionally, some linguists prefer to stick /ʔ/ next to /q/ and refer to the entire column as "gutteral".

Lastly, there have been a proposal to consider explosives as the inaudible release equivalents for /tˢ/, /cˣ/ and /q/, and instead analyze /q̚/ as a simple coda /ʔ/. This proposal would even work better with ghost-e and ghost-x analyses, as it'd remove many phonotactic constraints; however, it'd also add unnecessary complications, since unlike applosives, explosives can in fact appear in onset positions.

=== Phonotactics ===
As stated previously, the basic syllable structure is (C)V(C), although it may be (C)V(C)(ʔ) under the ghost x analysis. Under both simple phoneme analyses, any consonant may begin a syllable, or be absent entirely. Most consonants can also optionally end a syllable; however, whereas the ghost e analysis argues that /ʔ/, /tˢ/, /kˣ/, /s/, /x/, /tʼ/, /kʼ/, and /qʼ/ cannot end a syllable, the ghost x analysis posits that all syllables may end a syllable, and all ''except'' /ʔ/, /tˢ/, /cˣ/ /tʼ/, /cʼ/, /q'/ may further be followed by /ʔ/. The dual coda analysis instead posits that all consonants may end syllable (except possible /ʔ/; see above paragraph), while only consonants with an audible release may begin one.

There is a phonemic distinction between two vowels separated by /ʔ/ and a plain vowel hiatus, the latter of which may optionally result in glides or diphthongs. However, /ʔ/ is almost only phonetically contrastive intervocally, since utterance-initially, and after codas, an epenthetic [ʔ] is inserted before a vowel. This may have once been a non-distinct realization as a boundary between morphemes, but later got engrained as a distinct phoneme only in certain environments. It may sometimes be dropped utterance-initially if there are two vowels beside one another, but this is optional. Many argue that an epenthetic [ʔ] is also inserted after an ejective consonant even before another consonant, since the duration is similar to that of a coda ejective before a vowel, rather than an onset ejective.

Additionally, while the language is phonemically fairly simple, if difficult to precisely qualify, it is also phonetically a bit more complicated. There is a distinction between /V.CV/ and /VC.V/, since /ʔ/ is epenthetic before vowels in these environments, although there is not a distinction between /VC.V/ and /VC.ʔV/. This may also cause voiceless plosives to become weak ejectives in nature, although not necessarily; this is sometimes notated with a weak glottalization symbol [Cˀ] to distinguish them from phonemic strong ejectives [Cʼ].

Additionally, there is the distinction between non-released consonants, even intervocally. Across analyses, this results in a phonemic contrast between /V.Cə.V/ and /VC.V/, /VC.(ʔ)V/ vs. /VCʔ.(ʔ)V/, or two different phonemes in /VC.V/. These are all distinguishable from onset /V.CV/, as well as both onset and coda ejective phonemes.

In addition to these distinctions, there is also further distinctions between them and /VC.CV/, where the coda may be the same, different, or the non-audible version of the following consonant. Consonants which are fundamentally the same are both pronounced clearly when plosives/affricates/ejectives and cause gemination in fricatives and nasals. In cases where they are otherwise the same place of articulation, but the coda consonant is inaudible, then this is reversed; plosives/affricates/ejectives are geminated, while fricatives and nasals are "broken" with a nonreleased stop of the same place of articulation (or, especially in the case of nasals, sometimes glottal stops).

Things are further complicated when the two consonants are different. While most of the time they are predictable, there are some nuances that must be given attention. Released codas are always fully pronounced, and never "melt" into the following consonant, while nonreleased codas may optionally lose their glottal-like quality when following another consonant. For instance, using dual coda analysis, /atsa/ would be analyzed as [ʔat.sa], while /at̚sa/ would be either [ʔat̚.sa] or, more frequently, [ʔaʔt͡sa]. The difference is even notable in different places of articulation, where the /c/ in /acsa/ much more pronounced and distinguished than in /ac̚sa/, though it is still pronounced in both. Note that voicing of each component remains distinct. (Also note: these are all distinct from /a.tˢa/ [a.tˢa] and /at̚tˢa/ [at:ˢa])

Additionally, coda /q̚/ (/ʔ/) does something different. While the actual uvular aspect of the consonant is often lost, it causes uvularization or pharyngealization of the following consonant leading into the vowel, as well as brief lowering of the vowel in question. For example, /iaq̚si/ may be pronounced as anything from [jæʔ.sˤɪ̞] to [ʔɪɑ̆.ʡsɤɪ̆]. Additionally, any following voiced plosives may become implosive.

Lastly, utterance-finally, an [h] may be appended to vowels to keep them distinct from non-released consonants, which may become more like voiceless approximants or weak fricatives in a similar place of articulation to the vowel. Utterance-final q̚ may be [ʔh].

As such, the full range of hypothesized ''contrastive'' phones may actually resemble something more along the lines of the table below, although there is a fair amount of room for disagreement. Phones indicated in (parentheses) may often be analyzed as two phonemes, with some (such as prestopped fricatives) being considered dubious distinctions, while phones in [brackets] are considered less-frequent free-variation allophones.
{| class="wikitable"
!Base Consonants
!Bilabial
!Dental
!Prevelar
!(Pre)uvular
!Laryngeal
|-
|Voiceless Plosive
|p p̚ (p:) (pˀ)
|t̪ t̪̚ t̪: (t̪ˀ) [t̪’] ([t̪:’)]
|c̠ c̠̚ c̠: (c̠ˀ) [c̠’] ([c̠:’])
|k̠ k̠̚ (k̠:) (k̠ˀ) k̠’ (k̠:’)
|[ʡ] ʔ [ʡ:~ʔˤ]
|-
|Voiced Plosive
|b b̚ (b:) (ɓˤ~b̰)
|d̪ d̪̚ (d̪:) (ɗˤ~d̰)
|ɟ̠ ɟ̠̚ (ɟ̠:) (ʄˤ~ɟ̰)
|
|
|-
|Fricated Plosive
|
|tˢ tˢ’ (t:ˢ) (t:ˢ’) (tˢˀ)
|c̠ˣ c̠ˣ’ (c̠:ˣ) (c̠:ˣ’) (c̠ˣˀ)
|[k̠ᵡ’] ([k̠ᵡ:’])
|[ʔh]
|-
|(Prestopped Fricative)
|
|(t͡s~t͡:s) (t͡s:)
|(c̠͡ç̠~c̠͡:ç̠) (c̠͡ç̠:)
|
|
|-
|Fricative
|
|s̪ (s̪:)
|ç̠ (ç̠:)
|
|[h~ɦ]
|-
|Nasal
|m (m:)
|n̪ (n̪:)
|ɲ̠ (ɲ̠:)
|ŋ̠ (ŋ̠:)
|
|-
|Liquid
|[w]
|
|[j]
| colspan="2" |[ă [ʕ̞~ʢ]]
|-
|Vowels
|o
|
|i
|a
|
|}
Using dual coda analysis, there are an estimated 1,842 possible syllables, with 620 different possible intervocal consonants/clusters.

=== Romanization ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Letter
!Aa
!Bb
!Cc
!Dd
!Gg
!Ii
!Jj
!Kk
!Mm
!Nn
!Oo
!Pp
!Qq
!Rr
!Ss
!Tt
!Yy
!Zz
!Xx
!ʻ'
|-
|Basic IPA / Onset
|/a/
|/b/
|/tˢ/
|/d/
|/g/
|/i/
|/kˣ/
|/k/
|/m/
|/n/
|/o/
|/p/
|/q/
|/ŋ/
|/x/
|/t/
|/ɲ/
|/s/
| -
|/ʔ/
|-
|In Coda
|ă~ʕ
|b̚
|tˢ
|d̚
|g̚
|ɪ̆~j
|kˣ
|k̚
|m̚
|n̚
|ŏ~w
|p̚
|q
|ŋ̚
|x̚
|t̚
|ɲ̚
|s̚
|Fortis
| q̚
|-
|In Coda + x
| -
|b
| tˢ’
|d
|g
|
| kˣ’
|k
|m
|n
| -
|p
|q’
|ŋ
|x
|t
|ɲ
|s
| -
| q̚ʔ
|}
Note: Capital X is sometimes used for non-written shorthands or other purposes, or if all caps are used. In most cases, it follows a consonant to indicate that it has audible release, although it is used for c, j, and q to spell the ejectives. Coda ' when followed by a vowel is spelled 'x. Semantic - is used for compounds and contractions, much like a traditional hyphen or apostrophe, and is considered a punctuation rather than a letter.

== Grammar ==
Qa'oisi is a predominantly a topic-marking language, with no clear preference for word order, although VSO and VOS are considered to be more topic neutral, as moving nouns after the verb is considered a backgrounding of information. It appears to be weakly head-initial and weakly agglutinative, being a largely dependent-marking language, although it features a bit of double marking. It also features split ergativity with fluid-s nominative-absolutive alignment, although it differs from most other languages in execution.

=== Nouns ===

==== Case ====
Nouns come in five cases. There are three syntactic cases - nominative, absolutive, and oblique, which also code for a level of directionality and intention, as well as orientation and location - and two locative cases, along with two possessive marking cases for pronouns.

- The '''nominative case''' is usually used when an action is in the present tense, perfective aspect, or for transitive verbs in which the subject is acting with intention. It is also used for certain locatives, as well as a possessive, instrumental, or causative. It can also be used as a positive comitative or privative, i.e. ''Thanks to XYZ''

- The '''absolutive case''' is usually used when an action is acting as a receiver, reflexive, or is in the past imperfective, as well as transitive verbs in which the subject is either the patient or acting unintentionally. It is also used for other locatives, or as a possessed case, partitive, benefactive, or vehicular (anti-instrumental). It can also be used as a negative comitative or privative, i.e. ''Despite XYZ.''

- The '''oblique case''', which can be thought of as the ergative-accusative case, is generally used for the argument that's neither nominative nor absolutive (although sometimes both are used in a transitive sentence, especially if both are being strongly emphasized). This case can also function as the dative, locative, vocative, and comitative, or neutral ''alongside XYZ.''

- The '''terminative case''' is used to indicate "up to XYZ", "before XYZ", "between X and Y", and "including X and Y". It is primarily used for locatives and temporal phrases, but can be used derivationally to mean "almost". It is also generally used for the subessive, superessive, antessive and intrative, and sometimes as a lative.

- The '''postessive case''' is used to indicate going beyond something or behind something, such as "past/beyond/after XYZ" or "behind XYZ". It is also used as a distant subessive or superessive, postelative, approximative or apudessive, and sometimes as an ablative. Like the terminative case, it is mainly used for locatives and temporal phrases, but can be used derivationally to mean "very" or even "excessively".

Additionally, there is a possessive marker which can be added to a nominative or absolutive case to indicate whether an object possesses or is possessed by something. These are sometimes analyzed as a distinct pair of cases, being the possessive and genitive or partitive. However, most analyze only pronouns as having these true cases, since for most nouns it is just a nominative or absolutive case accompanied by a single possessive morpheme.

==== Gender and Number ====
Nouns come in a basic singular-plural distinction. They also feature grammatical gender, in which case adjectives and case agreement match the gender of the noun in question. Prepositions also frequently match the gender of the noun, an instance of head marking, although verbs do not agree with grammatical gender.

The three forms of grammatical gender are generally considered to be wide, thin, and fluid, although in reality many words may fall into categories they wouldn't logically belong to. Wide gendered words tend to end in full consonants, thin gendered words tend to end in applosives, and fluid words tend to end in -i. The plural for wide words tend to end in -o, thin words in -a, and fluid words also in -i, as there originally was not a strong distinction between singular and plural fluid nouns, although exceptions do exist.
[[Category:Language]]

Mobile Territories

2026-08-07T14:44:38Z

Jutomi: /* Infrastructure */ b

== Overview ==
{{Infobox ngation|name=Mobile Territories|ung-member=probably not (under Jutland)|banner=Mobile-Territories-flag.png|banner-label='''Banner of Mobile Territories'''|map=Nguhcraft minimap Mobile Territories.png|map-label=Location of Mobile Territories in Leporia|capital=Ravager; Witherhold; Golem; Beeport|demonym=mob|government=mobocracy|ruler=[[Jutomi]]|ruler-title=Great Adjudicator|languages=Various|two-digit-code=JT|three-digit-code=JUT|currency=various|Anthem=[https://minecraft.wiki/w/Minecraft_(song) Minecraft]}}

Mobile Territories (sometimes referred to as ''The Mobile Territories;'' Anthem: [https://minecraft.wiki/w/Minecraft_(song) Minecraft]) is a ŋation in [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]]. It was recognized as an established territory on October 20th, 2025 [[Fakeworld]] time by [[Jutomi]], who is the head of [[Jutland]] and remains both the Chief Architect and Arch Adjudicator between jurisdictions and player-base interŋational matters. It had gone by the name of [[Jutland]] until March 13, 2026 Fakeworld time, when the principality of Jutland made its separate claim on the map. The mixup is believed to be partly caused by the fact that Mobile Territories is still considered to be under Jutland's jurisdiction for interŋational matters and organizations, as well as the southwest corner having Jutomi's beach resort and "The Ark", said to contain two of essentially each kind of animal.

Mobile Territories is canonically a loose collection of multiple municipalities ruled by minecraft mobs (i.e. ''mobiles''), sometimes classified as a confederation, with the southern half is sometimes referred to as "Fauna", while the northern half as "Witherport". Though their jurisdictions differ in several ways, aside from nearby land claims, they are ultimately united under the agreement that mobs are the rightful owners of the server. Players are not able to apply for citizenship and only as servants or contractors, although Witherport generally views them in a much more hostile manner. The Great Adjudicator holds an exceptional honor, being a chief architect and an arbiter for disputes between factions, but ultimately is still classified as a servant to the various states.

Geographically, Mobile Territories is primarily situated in Leporia, although its claim technically spreads into Slabland. It shares its southwestern border with [[Wekañu Skefo]], western border with [[Jutland]], and its northwestern border with [[Ettêre Ðiffyt]]. It also used to share its western border with an exclave of [[The Hertskomestat Syndicate]] until its great border shrinkage of April 3rd, 2026. Much of the civilization is scheduled to live underground in an expansive natural cavern system connected by a complex rail network, although several will reside on or above the surface. All of the pale gardens on Leporia, including the single largest pale garden in the Ŋorld, are currently in its claim. It also claims the only river to give direct access between the Juqyś sea and both the Wuddig Sea and Grindlesnurt.

Players are advised to travel to Mobile Territories with caution and respect for mob rights and privacy, especially when traveling through Witherport. Players are banned from wielding weapons and wearing thorns while in the territories, although this is rarely truly enforced during transit.

According to a [[List of freedom indices|popular freedom index composite]], the freedom of players is on average ''repressed'' within the territories, being severely repressed in Witherport and only partly free in Fauna. Witherport grants fewer freedoms generally, particularly to passive mobs, and most districts are authoritarian regimes, albeit intensely pro-market, while Fauna asserts rights for all mobs within their borders, having a far wider range of center-right to far-left economics and being only somewhat more democratic on average.

== Fauna ==
Fauna is broadly considered to be the southern half of Mobile Territories, with many districts, totaling roughly 30-ish distinct municipalities (with several joint jurisdictions) and some unincorporated zones, including the Great Adjudicator's beach resort. Fauna is generally neutral or friendly and largely open borders, although a few municipalities do not get along with one another, such as Foxwood and Birdtree Island. Its administrative head and meeting place is generally set in Beeport, as well as Golem, although some argue Golem is a separate area.

The proposed territories of Fauna include Lower Pollene, Birdtree Island (and the Birdtree), Cattlecow and Swine, Cameloon, Equiny and Muleky, Kitteny, Bambooie, Ocella, Shangra-Llama, Goathorn and Polursiny, Mycelia, Dogma and Foxtrot (collectively Wolver-Foxcroft or simply "Wolfox"), Froglight, the Sea of Tropic (Turtle Shores and Dolphine), the Gulf of Codsalmon, and 'Rachniden on the surface; The Nest, Baats, Axolotlopolis, Armadillage, Rabbithole, Snifferhenge, (the) Inkwell, Strider, the Reservoir (tropical fish), Puffage, and the districts of Golem underground; Upper Pollene, Birdtree, Sheepuff and Minighastus in the air. There also will be various unincorporated territories, for which are predominantly work stations for player contractors. Because of the number of districts and connections to other regions, it is scheduled to have by far the most significant rail network in the region, and potentially the most complicated on the server.

Fauna has a relatively neutral or benevolent relationship with players overall, although residents of The Nest and the Spider Den frequently give into fear or primal instincts, while members of Golem and Allaysia are much more friendly to players, and weary if not hostile to factions in Witherport, Some argue that the confederated states are actually two separate entities, but are still interŋationally analyzed as being one region as they all still abide by the same underlying treaty. They are generally not super industrious, preferring nature and rural life, although Pollene and the surrounding areas are more developed.

The various territories are mostly split along geographical features, including individual cavities within the vast underground cavern network and narrow points between biomes. Fauna's southwestern segment is largely aquatic territory known as the Sea of Tropic, with a couple of islands, including Birdtree Island and the Golem Memorial, along with Turtle Shores, Dolphene, Inkwell Tower, and the Gulf of Cod and Salmon. Northeast is the administrative, international and bee capital of Pollene, which lies before the pale garden of Hollow Hill to its northeast and the natural meadow of Point Fauna to its northwest. Most other territories reside in the various (predominantly dark oak) forests that surround the two round hills. Hollow Hill features a large crack that opens to numerous entrances to Fauna's underground, as does Pollene, northern Foxtrot, the Inkwell, and two other entrances in the Sea of Tropic.

Like Witherport, Fauna is predominantly located in Leporia. However, some of its territories, including Birdtree Island, Jutomi's Resort and The Ark in Turtle Shores, and a small section of the southeast corner of Axolotlopolis are technically in [[Slabland|Slabland.]] However, because Birdtree Island is in fact an intercontinental island, Axolotlopolis' corner is a rounding error from a meandering river, and Jutomi's resort is only registered as being in Mobile Territories as an extranational property, Fauna and the rest of the Mobile Territories is generally considered as being entirely in Leporia.

=== Golem ===
Golem is the territory that settled in a massive underground cavern system under the southwestern islands of Jutland. Inhabited by allays, villagers, and various types of golems, it is generally considered to be within the territory of Fauna, but politically the residents work much more closely with each other than other areas, and are much more friendly to players and even other residents of Fauna, albeit significantly more weary if not outright hostile to the more aggressive factions of Witherport. Golem is scheduled to be more developed than much of Fauna, being particularly industrial, with space already reserved for copper golems for when they are prophesized to one day enter the Ŋorld. The northern sections of two of the large cavern Chambers that Golem resides in are in the territory of The Syndicate, which lead to a small but dangerous skulk cavern. Proposed districts include Snowden, Ironhold, Copporial, Allaysia, and The Village Area.

=== Jutomi's Resort ===
[[File:MT Divisions Surface 2.png|thumb|Surface-layer subdivisions of Mobile Territories. The white solid line denotes the line between Fauna and Witherport. The dashed white lines indicate broad boundaries of greater subregions. Solid red lines indicate clear boundaries between districts. Dashed red lines show loose borders that overlap between non-autonomous woodlands. ]]
[[Jutomi]]'s first build and long-term abode is located at the southernmost tip of Fauna. It is generally considered part of Fauna for logistical reasons, but it is the only place not really agreed upon by mobs to have a real function other than housing the (Great/Arch) Adjudicator, who also serves in [[Jutland]]. It is also home to the '''Great Ark''', a construction that is purported to house two of most passive mobs for protection until their districts are built. Jutomi's Resort also features a private [[List of ghastports|Ghast Station]], as well as a couple of smaller constructions, and also sits directly under a rail line. Since the rail slows down here, and is also scheduled to potentially have an offramp from Birdtree, it is sometimes considered loosely as a "dismound-only station", colloquially referred to as "Resort Pass", although it has no code and is not generally considered an actual station. It is currently overflowing with chests, as Jutomi is known to be a collector of rare relics, and also too lazy to build an actual storage facility for the bulk supplies, primarily imported from [[List of publically accessible farms|Spawn Goldbürc Gold Farm]] in [[Myžariky]].

== Witherport ==
Witherport is broadly speaking the northern half of Mobile Territories. It presently consists of nearly all of the pale gardens of [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]], including the single largest pale garden in the Ŋorld, along with four of its five satellite microbiome pale gardens (with the fifth in The Hertskomestat Syndicate). It holds all of the pale gardens in Leporia outside of The largest pale garden is officially recognized by the Mobile Territories and Jutland as an environmentally protected area, free for mobs (mostly the creaking) to roam largely uninterrupted in their natural state.

Geographically, Witherport is mostly low-lying dark oak forest surrounding the high plateau that is the Ŋorld's largest pale garden, and is surrounded by a canyon/river system that make up most of its natural borders. It features a vast underground network, which while significantly less complex than Fauna features more substantial chambers similar to or even more vast than Golem. It further acquired a small mountain range to its west and the cavern systems underneath, giving it a border with [[Ettêre Ðiffyt]].

The proposed territories of Witherport include Witchhaven, Bogwater Grotto, Strayden*, the Slime Hole, Ravager, Cinder, Husk, the Industrial and Mutual Defense Districts, and the Creaking Reserve at (or just below), surface level, and Magmar, Hoglin Hollow, Sulfury, the Witherstorm Citidel (sometimes more broadly called "Witherhold"), and Guardwell underground. The Obelisk Factory and two of trial chambers are also underground. They almost all have a negative relationship with the territories of Golem. Ravager is generally considered the illager capital as well as the administrative capital of Witherport, while the Witherstorm Citadel is the military and leadership capital of the nether and undead organizations.

All of these territories are generally belligerent and hostile toward players, who they disdain and consider outside invaders. There is a tentative alliance with Jutland to represent them in foreign affairs, in part by request of the residents of Fauna and certain municipalities within Witherport.

For a while, the entirety of Witherport was going to be designated a ŋature reserve named "Flora", but the hostile mobs negotiated that only the large pale garden would be officially designated as such, further acting as a natural buffer between territories as well as the jurisdiction of the creaking mobs. Building is extremely regulated along the edges and directly underneath, and the forest itself is charted as remaining untouched as a natural wonder of the server and as a refuge away from player intervention, even for mobs' benefit.

Despite Mobile Territories being situated very close to six trial chambers, it only has claim over one, situated in Witherport, although a second, nearby one has an underground line connecting it. This line also connects Witherport to Fauna underground, specifically connecting Witherhold with the Baats-Slimehole Pass.

The Leshrail Warped line will be connected to a station in the Witherstorm Citadel, and have direct access to the Obsidian and Wither Rose farm, which is hypothesized by some members of the Witherstorm Citadel to be the imprisonment of their divine prophet and meant to keep players wanting to use their commercial utilities out of residential centers. Ravager will also feature at least one connection between Slabland and Leporia.

=== Non-Autonomous Districts ===
There are a number of territories within Witherport that are collectively administered by the Mobile Territories, but in truth the hostile mobs of Witherport have significantly more direct control over them, as they are also the ones who primarily operate the districts. The northwestern territory north of Witchhaven is a research and industrial sector, and also has the West Garden Station and resting area. To the southeast of Cinder, there exists a patch of land that is largely controlled collectively by Witherport, and serves as a large military base to protect the MobileTerritories from foreign threats. The western border of Fringe and the northeastern border of Dredge are largely non-autonomous if not outright unadministered territories, as is the case with the exclave that is not constitutionally recognized as part of the territories.

=== Fringe ===
Fringe is the landmass across the river from Witchhaven and part of the industrial district. While sometimes considered a part of Witherport, as a few hostile mobs do call it home, and the districts largely agree on their disdain for players, they are generally considered both geographically and politically quite separate from the rest of Witherport. Rather than being outright hostile to players for players' sake, they are more keen on protecting their territories, favoring isolation from others, including to a lesser extent other districts. Strayden, Enderward, and the Wind Tunnel Mines are all considered part of Fringe, along with the Unincorporated Western Border along [[Jutland]], which is sometimes considered Firefly Territory.

=== Dredge ===
Dredge is the latest addition (technically reacquisition) to Witherport, and is sometimes also considered separate as it is neither a municipality of its own nor a joint industrial district per se, although some argue that it is entirely part of Ravager. Northeast of Ravager proper, universally agreed to be part of the East Witherport Industrial Complex, the territory is used for material (often chemical) storage, transporation, and partial dumping at the Chemiplant zone. It also features a substantial pale garden behind it that is known as "the Graveyard". (Rumor has it there is an illicit radioactive black market village under the hill). The peninsula north of Ravager is also considered part of Wasteland, as it is a canal project managed by Ravager to allow sufficient access between the Ravaged River and the Grindlesnurt sea, control of the sea at the end of the canal. Ironically, the canal is going to cut through terrain that is already mostly under sea level.

=== Qoatzait ===
[[Qoatzait]] is a dependent, semi-organized territory of Witherport administrated by Ravager. Unlike the other listed territories, Qoatzait is not contiguous with the rest of Witherport or even on Leporia, and is instead a sand pit claimed in the east of [[Ŋafrica]] along the northern border of [[Viberia]]. Its primary purpose is to acquire sand for the construction of Ravager and Husk, although Cameloon may also stand to benefit from the mines.

Due to its possibly illicit operations, others may also acquire sand and work in the territory, within a set of [[Qoatzait|guidelines]]. It is also debatable whether this is truly considered a part of Witherport, since it is a territory roughly spanning its entire land area, while also not being officially recognized by any district charters or constitution, as well as being classified as partly wilderness.

== Border History and Land Changes ==
After its initial claim, Mobile Territories had shifted its borders over time. These changes were small and only affected nearby wilderness, but were nevertheless fairly significant for the Mobile Territories.

On December 23rd, 2026 Fakeworld Time, MT had briefly claimed a similar-sized narrow territory on Slabland for Golem, although this was later retracted upon underground exploration and the dissolution of [[Lavvakcesaa]] a fake month and a half later. On the 24th, Fauna expanded north and east to reach its nothern river and include modern Dogma, Bamboo and Froglight Forest.

On March 13th, 2026 Fakeworld Time, when [[Jutland]] was realized as an independent state, the territory northeast of Witherport originally planned for trash unloading was discarded. Later in the month, construction on Mushroom Island began in Fauna, and development began in Cattlecow. On April 2nd, the isthmus connecting Witherport to the land to its north was removed, along with most of the trees.

On April 3rd, 2026 Fakeworld Time, Fauna expanded to include a peninsula once owned by The Syndicate, following much of its territory being returned to Wilderness. This area would later become Horsetail, and the area underneath became the third trial chamber to be in the claim of Mobile Territories, as well as allowing the entire cavern system under the southern peninsula to be utilized. Mushroom Island was completed a day later.

On the initial hours of May 20th, the mountainous terrain and its vast cavernous system to the west of Witherport was claimed by Witherport for Enderward and a thus far undesignated snow, forest and mining territory, giving it a border with [[Ettêre Ðiffyt]] and a much longer one with Jutland, while Fauna reaffirmed its desire to not have a piece of land to its east that resulted from a rounding error in map translation. Two weeks later, upon growing demand for space and a land survey revealing prior miscalculations that had resulted in underground concerns, Witherport reclaimed the northeastern territory it had relinquished two and a half months prior, along with a strip of land to build out a waterway to the Grindlesnurt Sea.

On June 30th, the territory of Qoatzait was established in Ŋafrica to fuel the needs of upper Witherport. A week later on July 8th, the Territories' borders were further adjusted to recognize the locations of Equiny and Mulekey, Ocela, and Bambooie, along with the eastern defense zone in Witherport.

== Jutland and Foreign Relations ==
Mobile Territories has close political ties with [[Jutland]], for which it does not border but is geographically close to. [[Jutomi]] the Adjudicator rules Jutland as well as serving as the head mediator, judge, and grand architect of Mobile Territories. Despite this, citizens of both ŋations do not interact much with each other, as both cultures are relatively isolationist in nature. Furthermore, there has been growing distance between both ŋations and the Adjudicator, who is seen increasingly as having little legal power over either region.

While Jutland is on paper supposed to help represent Mobile Territories in Foreign Affairs, the immensely greater soft and hard power of Mobile Territories and especially Witherport have strained that relationship. Despite this, and a precedent that districts can operate semi-autonomously in interŋational affairs where mobs are involved, the usual process and legally binding treaty states that the different districts, as well as Jutland, collectively vote on mutual joint representation with other ŋations. This includes interŋational organizations, embassies, and war involvement. However, trade is relatively unregulated, which has led to conflict.

Both ŋations hold a joint embassy in [[T'anshilebs]], although the Witherport ambassador is notably absent. [[Aswnga|Aswnga and notably Axolotlland]] are on friendly terms with Mobile Territories, with horses and axolotls traveling freely between the two ŋations. [[Wánade]] is considered a tentative ally, on account of the immense freedoms lent to mobs and past migration of mobs, particularly swine, between the two. Mobile Territories alone is also part of [[MEOWS]], due to its citizenship of both cats and ocelots.

Due to controlling the main river that flows through the boundary between [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]] and [[Slabland]], [[Enkavak]] utilized its passage when it went to suppress rebels in [[Dagalunt]], with permission from Fauna. Reports of a rogue missile going off the coast west of Fauna have been nonconclusive, as many argue it was a charged creeper from Witherport having a bad day. On July 14th, 2026 fakeworld time, a recommendation was issued by the Adjudicator that all mobs should stay out of the gulf for their own safety on account of various events, although this is non-binding.

=== Adnar and the Çaigoŋ Civil War ===
Adnar has historically been a friendly trading partner with Mobile Territories, with Golem and Witherport particularly benefitting from trade, notably in copper, although some tensions existed with Witherport on account of the war on pale gardens. It is of the few non-mob-based ŋations that Mobile Territories had interacted with in any significant capacity, although they've historically remained politically fairly neutral. Fauna maintains few relations with them, and relations soured elsewhere after the war ended.

On May 26th 2026 fakeworld time, [[Adnar]] devolved into what appears to be a civil war with Çaigoŋ, a separatist movement in its western enclave comprised of Slimekin. Upon receiving word of the events roughly a week later, the Slime Hole declared its support for the Çaigoŋese Slimekin, with various districts within Witherport following suit. An expose from Pollene found that they were also open to sending financial aid, as well as offering discounts on nether-grade munitions. Golem followed soon after, announcing their support for Adnar proper, with a reporter from Foxtrot claiming that workers near the Olympic Line saw raw copper ore being shipped to Adnar's Amodingaling. A news story was reported on the events three days later.

It is currently documented as the first major non-mob-based conflict that districts within Mobile Territories have gotten involved in, and is also notable for being divisive and having circumvented their foreign relations policies and treaty with Jutland. On July 14th, 2026 fakeworld time, news released that the Arch Adjudicator, whom had been documenting the events in [[Qoatzait]] before getting trapped in [[Kozdenen]] acquiring kelp and iron resources before escaping in the narrow window when [[User:Total pleb|Peleṽa Thoa-Saevakki]] had been sent to a black hole, that the war had already ended on June 23rd, meaning that high-quality weapons and financial resources were being given to Adnar for nearly twice as long as the war itself lasted. This came at the heals of a massive flood in Witherport washing away important resources, leading to an environmental catastrophe, as well as the consumption of other materials for important infrastructure projects.

The Adjudicator finally resolved that both parties were "reckless", but given that the individuals they were supporting may have potentially been descendants or cousins of mobs, and the Adjudicator's absence, no repercussions were issued to any party. Upon hearing news of the events, as well as the fact that much of the events of the war were designed to scam [[Gulf Union]] states, along with allegations that Adnarian copper is most likely of a significantly lesser grade than other forms of copper, coupled with upper-level corruption, ultimately culminated in the public beheading of three wither skeletons and an "accident" where an iron golem allegedly receiving undisclosed private benefits from the war fell into a lava forge in the Iron Fortress.

The results of the mess are controversial, since it unsurfaced a deep lack of coordination - or even strong desire for coordination - between the various regions in Mobile territories, as well as Jutland and the Adjudicator. Although both sides are pleased with how the war ultimately ended, and are reconciling after the disagreement, there is a grown distrust of other ŋations not belonging to mobs, and relations with Adnar have since plummeted with all districts.

Over the course of the next couple weeks and rest of the month, tensions with both Adnar and the rest of the ŋorld subsided somewhat. This was for a multitude of reasons. Corruption and poor infrastructure were blamed for much of the logistics issues, the loss of trade proved problematic for the whole economy, and Witherport came to appreciate some projects build with their resources. Newly acquired infrastructure from [[ELISIA]] also meant that the region was slowly acquiring better interŋet access, and have begun proposing continued pursuit of relations with other ŋations worldwide. This was however not before the territories declining to join the [[IFECS]] or [[IŊSO]] after the [[United Ŋations]] dissolved.

== Infrastructure ==

=== Interŋational Rail Lines ===
The only line that is currently operated by Cenrail is the Slab Line. This line comes in from Jutland to Sea Station at Witchhaven (MOS) and northbound through Pale Station (MOP) due northbound. However, while it is considered a part of cenrail, it was built and is still maintained by the [[East Leporia Infrastructure Services Interŋational Affiliation|East Leporia Infrastructure Services Interŋational Affiliation (ELISIA)]], which hires locals and partners with [[Cenrail network|Cenrail]], [[Far Eastern Rail and Road Association|FERRA]], and local lines to create short-distance connections that function on both an interŋational and ŋational level. They also are known for creating stations and rails that do not meet the normal standards of Cenrail, and are infamous for creating unusual 3-way and 4-way intersections, no-stop stations, and the notoriously somewhat dangerous East Leporian Freeway (ELF).

The primary line that runs through both Fauna and Witherport is currently known as the the Mob Line, sometimes referred to as the Central Mob Line, managed by the ELISIA Mobile division. It is currently, technically, a semi-equal part of the line that runs through northern Wekañu-Skefo, but is considered its own line for mapping purposes, as well as the fact that using the rails unpowered always goes along the other line. It may eventually be connected to the Olympic Line. It is scheduled to connect Mobile Junction (XMJ) to Bee Station in Pollene (MOB), Main Station at Ravager (MOM), and Dredge Station at Ravager (MOD), with potential to extend northeastbound.

Another few lines in the region are the Trial Line, Mill Line and Mob Web. The Trial Line connects all of the trial chambers under or near Mobile Territories, as well as Golem (MOG) and the Witherstorm Citadel (MOW) and the Obelisk Factory (MOO). The Mill Line connects Golem up to Equiny (MOE), The Syndicate, and Jutland (JTM/JTJ). There is also a proposed northeastern Leporia line that would also run through Main Station at Ravager and Dredge (MOD). The Mob Web is supposed to be a large, interconnected rail network, which will also function as an indirect rail connection between the Mob Line and Slab Line.

Leshrail is also scheduled to connect to the Witherstorm Citadel via the Warped Line, allowing players quick access to the Obelisk Factory, as well as the Trial Line mentioned above. Its station would also be very close to another station along the Syndicate's Spur Line.

=== Local Lines and Airways ===
Mobile Territories is scheduled to have a plethora of local lines, with one of the most ambitious and dense rail networks on the server, connecting virtually all districts to one another in some way or another. It is scheduled to make heavy use of three-way intersections. One line from Birdtree may connect as an onramp to the Wekañu Line at Jutomi's Resort at the Resort Passing Station.

Additionally, some local lines are scheduled to connect numerous trial chambers together, as well as create a link to a couple of unclaimed underground territories that are classified by most districts as unprotected natural wonders.

There has also been a proposal regarding implementing [[Avenyan Airways]] to connect Fauna to Minighastus and Sheepuff. However, currently no plans are finalized or underway, as local aerospace manufacturers are discussing merging the aerospace with the rail and potentially elevator services.

=== Ports ===

==== Ghasts and Horses ====
While not ghastports or horse stables proper, some surface districts, such as Husk and several districts in Fauna, will provide free leashes and fences to park ghasts and horses to wander freely (much as in Jutland). Semi-traditional interŋational ghastports will also be built in Witchhaven, Cinder, and Minighastus. A traditional, one-capacity ghastport also currently exists at Jutomi's Resort (G-MOI), although it includes a fence post that allows for an estimated additional 3 or 4 ghasts to be parked temporarily, as well as horses. Horsewhip, Cattlecow, Husk, and Witchhaven will likely also have more traditional horse stables.

==== Boat Docks ====
Docking a boat is legal anywhere in Mobile Territories, although some special places are scheduled to be built at Jutomi's Resort, Cattlecow, Dogwood, Horsewhip, Cinder, Ravager, the Chemiplant Factory, and the Bogwater Grotto.

Mobile Territories

2026-08-07T14:43:48Z

Jutomi: /* Interŋational Rail Lines */ Changed how I want the Mob and Slab Lines connected... they don't and never really could all that well ;p just better as a local line between the two.

== Overview ==
{{Infobox ngation|name=Mobile Territories|ung-member=probably not (under Jutland)|banner=Mobile-Territories-flag.png|banner-label='''Banner of Mobile Territories'''|map=Nguhcraft minimap Mobile Territories.png|map-label=Location of Mobile Territories in Leporia|capital=Ravager; Witherhold; Golem; Beeport|demonym=mob|government=mobocracy|ruler=[[Jutomi]]|ruler-title=Great Adjudicator|languages=Various|two-digit-code=JT|three-digit-code=JUT|currency=various|Anthem=[https://minecraft.wiki/w/Minecraft_(song) Minecraft]}}

Mobile Territories (sometimes referred to as ''The Mobile Territories;'' Anthem: [https://minecraft.wiki/w/Minecraft_(song) Minecraft]) is a ŋation in [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]]. It was recognized as an established territory on October 20th, 2025 [[Fakeworld]] time by [[Jutomi]], who is the head of [[Jutland]] and remains both the Chief Architect and Arch Adjudicator between jurisdictions and player-base interŋational matters. It had gone by the name of [[Jutland]] until March 13, 2026 Fakeworld time, when the principality of Jutland made its separate claim on the map. The mixup is believed to be partly caused by the fact that Mobile Territories is still considered to be under Jutland's jurisdiction for interŋational matters and organizations, as well as the southwest corner having Jutomi's beach resort and "The Ark", said to contain two of essentially each kind of animal.

Mobile Territories is canonically a loose collection of multiple municipalities ruled by minecraft mobs (i.e. ''mobiles''), sometimes classified as a confederation, with the southern half is sometimes referred to as "Fauna", while the northern half as "Witherport". Though their jurisdictions differ in several ways, aside from nearby land claims, they are ultimately united under the agreement that mobs are the rightful owners of the server. Players are not able to apply for citizenship and only as servants or contractors, although Witherport generally views them in a much more hostile manner. The Great Adjudicator holds an exceptional honor, being a chief architect and an arbiter for disputes between factions, but ultimately is still classified as a servant to the various states.

Geographically, Mobile Territories is primarily situated in Leporia, although its claim technically spreads into Slabland. It shares its southwestern border with [[Wekañu Skefo]], western border with [[Jutland]], and its northwestern border with [[Ettêre Ðiffyt]]. It also used to share its western border with an exclave of [[The Hertskomestat Syndicate]] until its great border shrinkage of April 3rd, 2026. Much of the civilization is scheduled to live underground in an expansive natural cavern system connected by a complex rail network, although several will reside on or above the surface. All of the pale gardens on Leporia, including the single largest pale garden in the Ŋorld, are currently in its claim. It also claims the only river to give direct access between the Juqyś sea and both the Wuddig Sea and Grindlesnurt.

Players are advised to travel to Mobile Territories with caution and respect for mob rights and privacy, especially when traveling through Witherport. Players are banned from wielding weapons and wearing thorns while in the territories, although this is rarely truly enforced during transit.

According to a [[List of freedom indices|popular freedom index composite]], the freedom of players is on average ''repressed'' within the territories, being severely repressed in Witherport and only partly free in Fauna. Witherport grants fewer freedoms generally, particularly to passive mobs, and most districts are authoritarian regimes, albeit intensely pro-market, while Fauna asserts rights for all mobs within their borders, having a far wider range of center-right to far-left economics and being only somewhat more democratic on average.

== Fauna ==
Fauna is broadly considered to be the southern half of Mobile Territories, with many districts, totaling roughly 30-ish distinct municipalities (with several joint jurisdictions) and some unincorporated zones, including the Great Adjudicator's beach resort. Fauna is generally neutral or friendly and largely open borders, although a few municipalities do not get along with one another, such as Foxwood and Birdtree Island. Its administrative head and meeting place is generally set in Beeport, as well as Golem, although some argue Golem is a separate area.

The proposed territories of Fauna include Lower Pollene, Birdtree Island (and the Birdtree), Cattlecow and Swine, Cameloon, Equiny and Muleky, Kitteny, Bambooie, Ocella, Shangra-Llama, Goathorn and Polursiny, Mycelia, Dogma and Foxtrot (collectively Wolver-Foxcroft or simply "Wolfox"), Froglight, the Sea of Tropic (Turtle Shores and Dolphine), the Gulf of Codsalmon, and 'Rachniden on the surface; The Nest, Baats, Axolotlopolis, Armadillage, Rabbithole, Snifferhenge, (the) Inkwell, Strider, the Reservoir (tropical fish), Puffage, and the districts of Golem underground; Upper Pollene, Birdtree, Sheepuff and Minighastus in the air. There also will be various unincorporated territories, for which are predominantly work stations for player contractors. Because of the number of districts and connections to other regions, it is scheduled to have by far the most significant rail network in the region, and potentially the most complicated on the server.

Fauna has a relatively neutral or benevolent relationship with players overall, although residents of The Nest and the Spider Den frequently give into fear or primal instincts, while members of Golem and Allaysia are much more friendly to players, and weary if not hostile to factions in Witherport, Some argue that the confederated states are actually two separate entities, but are still interŋationally analyzed as being one region as they all still abide by the same underlying treaty. They are generally not super industrious, preferring nature and rural life, although Pollene and the surrounding areas are more developed.

The various territories are mostly split along geographical features, including individual cavities within the vast underground cavern network and narrow points between biomes. Fauna's southwestern segment is largely aquatic territory known as the Sea of Tropic, with a couple of islands, including Birdtree Island and the Golem Memorial, along with Turtle Shores, Dolphene, Inkwell Tower, and the Gulf of Cod and Salmon. Northeast is the administrative, international and bee capital of Pollene, which lies before the pale garden of Hollow Hill to its northeast and the natural meadow of Point Fauna to its northwest. Most other territories reside in the various (predominantly dark oak) forests that surround the two round hills. Hollow Hill features a large crack that opens to numerous entrances to Fauna's underground, as does Pollene, northern Foxtrot, the Inkwell, and two other entrances in the Sea of Tropic.

Like Witherport, Fauna is predominantly located in Leporia. However, some of its territories, including Birdtree Island, Jutomi's Resort and The Ark in Turtle Shores, and a small section of the southeast corner of Axolotlopolis are technically in [[Slabland|Slabland.]] However, because Birdtree Island is in fact an intercontinental island, Axolotlopolis' corner is a rounding error from a meandering river, and Jutomi's resort is only registered as being in Mobile Territories as an extranational property, Fauna and the rest of the Mobile Territories is generally considered as being entirely in Leporia.

=== Golem ===
Golem is the territory that settled in a massive underground cavern system under the southwestern islands of Jutland. Inhabited by allays, villagers, and various types of golems, it is generally considered to be within the territory of Fauna, but politically the residents work much more closely with each other than other areas, and are much more friendly to players and even other residents of Fauna, albeit significantly more weary if not outright hostile to the more aggressive factions of Witherport. Golem is scheduled to be more developed than much of Fauna, being particularly industrial, with space already reserved for copper golems for when they are prophesized to one day enter the Ŋorld. The northern sections of two of the large cavern Chambers that Golem resides in are in the territory of The Syndicate, which lead to a small but dangerous skulk cavern. Proposed districts include Snowden, Ironhold, Copporial, Allaysia, and The Village Area.

=== Jutomi's Resort ===
[[File:MT Divisions Surface 2.png|thumb|Surface-layer subdivisions of Mobile Territories. The white solid line denotes the line between Fauna and Witherport. The dashed white lines indicate broad boundaries of greater subregions. Solid red lines indicate clear boundaries between districts. Dashed red lines show loose borders that overlap between non-autonomous woodlands. ]]
[[Jutomi]]'s first build and long-term abode is located at the southernmost tip of Fauna. It is generally considered part of Fauna for logistical reasons, but it is the only place not really agreed upon by mobs to have a real function other than housing the (Great/Arch) Adjudicator, who also serves in [[Jutland]]. It is also home to the '''Great Ark''', a construction that is purported to house two of most passive mobs for protection until their districts are built. Jutomi's Resort also features a private [[List of ghastports|Ghast Station]], as well as a couple of smaller constructions, and also sits directly under a rail line. Since the rail slows down here, and is also scheduled to potentially have an offramp from Birdtree, it is sometimes considered loosely as a "dismound-only station", colloquially referred to as "Resort Pass", although it has no code and is not generally considered an actual station. It is currently overflowing with chests, as Jutomi is known to be a collector of rare relics, and also too lazy to build an actual storage facility for the bulk supplies, primarily imported from [[List of publically accessible farms|Spawn Goldbürc Gold Farm]] in [[Myžariky]].

== Witherport ==
Witherport is broadly speaking the northern half of Mobile Territories. It presently consists of nearly all of the pale gardens of [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]], including the single largest pale garden in the Ŋorld, along with four of its five satellite microbiome pale gardens (with the fifth in The Hertskomestat Syndicate). It holds all of the pale gardens in Leporia outside of The largest pale garden is officially recognized by the Mobile Territories and Jutland as an environmentally protected area, free for mobs (mostly the creaking) to roam largely uninterrupted in their natural state.

Geographically, Witherport is mostly low-lying dark oak forest surrounding the high plateau that is the Ŋorld's largest pale garden, and is surrounded by a canyon/river system that make up most of its natural borders. It features a vast underground network, which while significantly less complex than Fauna features more substantial chambers similar to or even more vast than Golem. It further acquired a small mountain range to its west and the cavern systems underneath, giving it a border with [[Ettêre Ðiffyt]].

The proposed territories of Witherport include Witchhaven, Bogwater Grotto, Strayden*, the Slime Hole, Ravager, Cinder, Husk, the Industrial and Mutual Defense Districts, and the Creaking Reserve at (or just below), surface level, and Magmar, Hoglin Hollow, Sulfury, the Witherstorm Citidel (sometimes more broadly called "Witherhold"), and Guardwell underground. The Obelisk Factory and two of trial chambers are also underground. They almost all have a negative relationship with the territories of Golem. Ravager is generally considered the illager capital as well as the administrative capital of Witherport, while the Witherstorm Citadel is the military and leadership capital of the nether and undead organizations.

All of these territories are generally belligerent and hostile toward players, who they disdain and consider outside invaders. There is a tentative alliance with Jutland to represent them in foreign affairs, in part by request of the residents of Fauna and certain municipalities within Witherport.

For a while, the entirety of Witherport was going to be designated a ŋature reserve named "Flora", but the hostile mobs negotiated that only the large pale garden would be officially designated as such, further acting as a natural buffer between territories as well as the jurisdiction of the creaking mobs. Building is extremely regulated along the edges and directly underneath, and the forest itself is charted as remaining untouched as a natural wonder of the server and as a refuge away from player intervention, even for mobs' benefit.

Despite Mobile Territories being situated very close to six trial chambers, it only has claim over one, situated in Witherport, although a second, nearby one has an underground line connecting it. This line also connects Witherport to Fauna underground, specifically connecting Witherhold with the Baats-Slimehole Pass.

The Leshrail Warped line will be connected to a station in the Witherstorm Citadel, and have direct access to the Obsidian and Wither Rose farm, which is hypothesized by some members of the Witherstorm Citadel to be the imprisonment of their divine prophet and meant to keep players wanting to use their commercial utilities out of residential centers. Ravager will also feature at least one connection between Slabland and Leporia.

=== Non-Autonomous Districts ===
There are a number of territories within Witherport that are collectively administered by the Mobile Territories, but in truth the hostile mobs of Witherport have significantly more direct control over them, as they are also the ones who primarily operate the districts. The northwestern territory north of Witchhaven is a research and industrial sector, and also has the West Garden Station and resting area. To the southeast of Cinder, there exists a patch of land that is largely controlled collectively by Witherport, and serves as a large military base to protect the MobileTerritories from foreign threats. The western border of Fringe and the northeastern border of Dredge are largely non-autonomous if not outright unadministered territories, as is the case with the exclave that is not constitutionally recognized as part of the territories.

=== Fringe ===
Fringe is the landmass across the river from Witchhaven and part of the industrial district. While sometimes considered a part of Witherport, as a few hostile mobs do call it home, and the districts largely agree on their disdain for players, they are generally considered both geographically and politically quite separate from the rest of Witherport. Rather than being outright hostile to players for players' sake, they are more keen on protecting their territories, favoring isolation from others, including to a lesser extent other districts. Strayden, Enderward, and the Wind Tunnel Mines are all considered part of Fringe, along with the Unincorporated Western Border along [[Jutland]], which is sometimes considered Firefly Territory.

=== Dredge ===
Dredge is the latest addition (technically reacquisition) to Witherport, and is sometimes also considered separate as it is neither a municipality of its own nor a joint industrial district per se, although some argue that it is entirely part of Ravager. Northeast of Ravager proper, universally agreed to be part of the East Witherport Industrial Complex, the territory is used for material (often chemical) storage, transporation, and partial dumping at the Chemiplant zone. It also features a substantial pale garden behind it that is known as "the Graveyard". (Rumor has it there is an illicit radioactive black market village under the hill). The peninsula north of Ravager is also considered part of Wasteland, as it is a canal project managed by Ravager to allow sufficient access between the Ravaged River and the Grindlesnurt sea, control of the sea at the end of the canal. Ironically, the canal is going to cut through terrain that is already mostly under sea level.

=== Qoatzait ===
[[Qoatzait]] is a dependent, semi-organized territory of Witherport administrated by Ravager. Unlike the other listed territories, Qoatzait is not contiguous with the rest of Witherport or even on Leporia, and is instead a sand pit claimed in the east of [[Ŋafrica]] along the northern border of [[Viberia]]. Its primary purpose is to acquire sand for the construction of Ravager and Husk, although Cameloon may also stand to benefit from the mines.

Due to its possibly illicit operations, others may also acquire sand and work in the territory, within a set of [[Qoatzait|guidelines]]. It is also debatable whether this is truly considered a part of Witherport, since it is a territory roughly spanning its entire land area, while also not being officially recognized by any district charters or constitution, as well as being classified as partly wilderness.

== Border History and Land Changes ==
After its initial claim, Mobile Territories had shifted its borders over time. These changes were small and only affected nearby wilderness, but were nevertheless fairly significant for the Mobile Territories.

On December 23rd, 2026 Fakeworld Time, MT had briefly claimed a similar-sized narrow territory on Slabland for Golem, although this was later retracted upon underground exploration and the dissolution of [[Lavvakcesaa]] a fake month and a half later. On the 24th, Fauna expanded north and east to reach its nothern river and include modern Dogma, Bamboo and Froglight Forest.

On March 13th, 2026 Fakeworld Time, when [[Jutland]] was realized as an independent state, the territory northeast of Witherport originally planned for trash unloading was discarded. Later in the month, construction on Mushroom Island began in Fauna, and development began in Cattlecow. On April 2nd, the isthmus connecting Witherport to the land to its north was removed, along with most of the trees.

On April 3rd, 2026 Fakeworld Time, Fauna expanded to include a peninsula once owned by The Syndicate, following much of its territory being returned to Wilderness. This area would later become Horsetail, and the area underneath became the third trial chamber to be in the claim of Mobile Territories, as well as allowing the entire cavern system under the southern peninsula to be utilized. Mushroom Island was completed a day later.

On the initial hours of May 20th, the mountainous terrain and its vast cavernous system to the west of Witherport was claimed by Witherport for Enderward and a thus far undesignated snow, forest and mining territory, giving it a border with [[Ettêre Ðiffyt]] and a much longer one with Jutland, while Fauna reaffirmed its desire to not have a piece of land to its east that resulted from a rounding error in map translation. Two weeks later, upon growing demand for space and a land survey revealing prior miscalculations that had resulted in underground concerns, Witherport reclaimed the northeastern territory it had relinquished two and a half months prior, along with a strip of land to build out a waterway to the Grindlesnurt Sea.

On June 30th, the territory of Qoatzait was established in Ŋafrica to fuel the needs of upper Witherport. A week later on July 8th, the Territories' borders were further adjusted to recognize the locations of Equiny and Mulekey, Ocela, and Bambooie, along with the eastern defense zone in Witherport.

== Jutland and Foreign Relations ==
Mobile Territories has close political ties with [[Jutland]], for which it does not border but is geographically close to. [[Jutomi]] the Adjudicator rules Jutland as well as serving as the head mediator, judge, and grand architect of Mobile Territories. Despite this, citizens of both ŋations do not interact much with each other, as both cultures are relatively isolationist in nature. Furthermore, there has been growing distance between both ŋations and the Adjudicator, who is seen increasingly as having little legal power over either region.

While Jutland is on paper supposed to help represent Mobile Territories in Foreign Affairs, the immensely greater soft and hard power of Mobile Territories and especially Witherport have strained that relationship. Despite this, and a precedent that districts can operate semi-autonomously in interŋational affairs where mobs are involved, the usual process and legally binding treaty states that the different districts, as well as Jutland, collectively vote on mutual joint representation with other ŋations. This includes interŋational organizations, embassies, and war involvement. However, trade is relatively unregulated, which has led to conflict.

Both ŋations hold a joint embassy in [[T'anshilebs]], although the Witherport ambassador is notably absent. [[Aswnga|Aswnga and notably Axolotlland]] are on friendly terms with Mobile Territories, with horses and axolotls traveling freely between the two ŋations. [[Wánade]] is considered a tentative ally, on account of the immense freedoms lent to mobs and past migration of mobs, particularly swine, between the two. Mobile Territories alone is also part of [[MEOWS]], due to its citizenship of both cats and ocelots.

Due to controlling the main river that flows through the boundary between [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]] and [[Slabland]], [[Enkavak]] utilized its passage when it went to suppress rebels in [[Dagalunt]], with permission from Fauna. Reports of a rogue missile going off the coast west of Fauna have been nonconclusive, as many argue it was a charged creeper from Witherport having a bad day. On July 14th, 2026 fakeworld time, a recommendation was issued by the Adjudicator that all mobs should stay out of the gulf for their own safety on account of various events, although this is non-binding.

=== Adnar and the Çaigoŋ Civil War ===
Adnar has historically been a friendly trading partner with Mobile Territories, with Golem and Witherport particularly benefitting from trade, notably in copper, although some tensions existed with Witherport on account of the war on pale gardens. It is of the few non-mob-based ŋations that Mobile Territories had interacted with in any significant capacity, although they've historically remained politically fairly neutral. Fauna maintains few relations with them, and relations soured elsewhere after the war ended.

On May 26th 2026 fakeworld time, [[Adnar]] devolved into what appears to be a civil war with Çaigoŋ, a separatist movement in its western enclave comprised of Slimekin. Upon receiving word of the events roughly a week later, the Slime Hole declared its support for the Çaigoŋese Slimekin, with various districts within Witherport following suit. An expose from Pollene found that they were also open to sending financial aid, as well as offering discounts on nether-grade munitions. Golem followed soon after, announcing their support for Adnar proper, with a reporter from Foxtrot claiming that workers near the Olympic Line saw raw copper ore being shipped to Adnar's Amodingaling. A news story was reported on the events three days later.

It is currently documented as the first major non-mob-based conflict that districts within Mobile Territories have gotten involved in, and is also notable for being divisive and having circumvented their foreign relations policies and treaty with Jutland. On July 14th, 2026 fakeworld time, news released that the Arch Adjudicator, whom had been documenting the events in [[Qoatzait]] before getting trapped in [[Kozdenen]] acquiring kelp and iron resources before escaping in the narrow window when [[User:Total pleb|Peleṽa Thoa-Saevakki]] had been sent to a black hole, that the war had already ended on June 23rd, meaning that high-quality weapons and financial resources were being given to Adnar for nearly twice as long as the war itself lasted. This came at the heals of a massive flood in Witherport washing away important resources, leading to an environmental catastrophe, as well as the consumption of other materials for important infrastructure projects.

The Adjudicator finally resolved that both parties were "reckless", but given that the individuals they were supporting may have potentially been descendants or cousins of mobs, and the Adjudicator's absence, no repercussions were issued to any party. Upon hearing news of the events, as well as the fact that much of the events of the war were designed to scam [[Gulf Union]] states, along with allegations that Adnarian copper is most likely of a significantly lesser grade than other forms of copper, coupled with upper-level corruption, ultimately culminated in the public beheading of three wither skeletons and an "accident" where an iron golem allegedly receiving undisclosed private benefits from the war fell into a lava forge in the Iron Fortress.

The results of the mess are controversial, since it unsurfaced a deep lack of coordination - or even strong desire for coordination - between the various regions in Mobile territories, as well as Jutland and the Adjudicator. Although both sides are pleased with how the war ultimately ended, and are reconciling after the disagreement, there is a grown distrust of other ŋations not belonging to mobs, and relations with Adnar have since plummeted with all districts.

Over the course of the next couple weeks and rest of the month, tensions with both Adnar and the rest of the ŋorld subsided somewhat. This was for a multitude of reasons. Corruption and poor infrastructure were blamed for much of the logistics issues, the loss of trade proved problematic for the whole economy, and Witherport came to appreciate some projects build with their resources. Newly acquired infrastructure from [[ELISIA]] also meant that the region was slowly acquiring better interŋet access, and have begun proposing continued pursuit of relations with other ŋations worldwide. This was however not before the territories declining to join the [[IFECS]] or [[IŊSO]] after the [[United Ŋations]] dissolved.

== Infrastructure ==

=== Interŋational Rail Lines ===
The only line that is currently operated by Cenrail is the Slab Line. This line comes in from Jutland to Sea Station at Witchhaven (MOS) and northbound through Pale Station (MOP) due northbound. However, while it is considered a part of cenrail, it was built and is still maintained by the [[East Leporia Infrastructure Services Interŋational Affiliation|East Leporia Infrastructure Services Interŋational Affiliation (ELISIA)]], which hires locals and partners with [[Cenrail network|Cenrail]], [[Far Eastern Rail and Road Association|FERRA]], and local lines to create short-distance connections that function on both an interŋational and ŋational level. They also are known for creating stations and rails that do not meet the normal standards of Cenrail, and are infamous for creating unusual 3-way and 4-way intersections, no-stop stations, and the notoriously somewhat dangerous East Leporian Freeway (ELF).

The primary line that runs through both Fauna and Witherport is currently known as the the Mob Line, sometimes referred to as the Central Mob Line, managed by the ELISIA Mobile division. It is currently, technically, a semi-equal part of the line that runs through northern Wekañu-Skefo, but is considered its own line for mapping purposes, as well as the fact that using the rails unpowered always goes along the other line. It may eventually be connected to the Olympic Line. It is scheduled to connect Mobile Junction (XMJ) to Bee Station in Pollene (MOB), Main Station at Ravager (MOM), and Dredge Station at Ravager (MOD), with potential to extend northeastbound.

Another few lines in the region are the Trial Line, Mill Line and Mob Wep. The Trial Line connects all of the trial chambers under or near Mobile Territories, as well as Golem (MOG) and the Witherstorm Citadel (MOW) and the Obelisk Factory (MOO). The Mill Line connects Golem up to Equiny (MOE), The Syndicate, and Jutland (JTM/JTJ). There is also a proposed northeastern Leporia line that would also run through Main Station at Ravager and Dredge (MOD). The Mob Web is supposed to be a large, interconnected rail network, which will also function as an indirect rail connection between the Mob Line and Slab Line.

Leshrail is also scheduled to connect to the Witherstorm Citadel via the Warped Line, allowing players quick access to the Obelisk Factory, as well as the Trial Line mentioned above. Its station would also be very close to another station along the Syndicate's Spur Line.

=== Local Lines and Airways ===
Mobile Territories is scheduled to have a plethora of local lines, with one of the most ambitious and dense rail networks on the server, connecting virtually all districts to one another in some way or another. It is scheduled to make heavy use of three-way intersections. One line from Birdtree may connect as an onramp to the Wekañu Line at Jutomi's Resort at the Resort Passing Station.

Additionally, some local lines are scheduled to connect numerous trial chambers together, as well as create a link to a couple of unclaimed underground territories that are classified by most districts as unprotected natural wonders.

There has also been a proposal regarding implementing [[Avenyan Airways]] to connect Fauna to Minighastus and Sheepuff. However, currently no plans are finalized or underway, as local aerospace manufacturers are discussing merging the aerospace with the rail and potentially elevator services.

=== Ports ===

==== Ghasts and Horses ====
While not ghastports or horse stables proper, some surface districts, such as Husk and several districts in Fauna, will provide free leashes and fences to park ghasts and horses to wander freely (much as in Jutland). Semi-traditional interŋational ghastports will also be built in Witchhaven, Cinder, and Minighastus. A traditional, one-capacity ghastport also currently exists at Jutomi's Resort (G-MOI), although it includes a fence post that allows for an estimated additional 3 or 4 ghasts to be parked temporarily, as well as horses. Horsewhip, Cattlecow, Husk, and Witchhaven will likely also have more traditional horse stables.

==== Boat Docks ====
Docking a boat is legal anywhere in Mobile Territories, although some special places are scheduled to be built at Jutomi's Resort, Cattlecow, Dogwood, Horsewhip, Cinder, Ravager, the Chemiplant Factory, and the Bogwater Grotto.

'Arborese

2026-08-06T15:20:48Z

Jutomi: Added phonetic table. Forgot about gog lol. Also forgot I readded utterance-final click

{{Infobox language|name='Arborese|family=Unknown|era=today|scripts=None (Latin)|country=[['Arbor 'Iland]]|number=only a couple dozen; critically endangered|usage=rare; in private, chiefly among elders|lang-code=arb|demonym='Arborese}}

'Arborese (sometimes spelled ''Arborese''; no endonym documented) is a critically endangered language seldom spoken in the volcanic island territory of [['Arbor 'Iland]]. It is believed to be weakly agglutinative, although not much is known about its grammar at this time.

== Phonetics ==
Arborese features a fairly minimalist phonemic inventory, with only three vowels and 11 consonants, though there is a degree of free variation and allophony depending on where a sound appears in a word, syllable or utterance, as well as 12 "combined vowels" that appear as diphthongs or long monophthongs.

=== Phonotactics ===
The syllable structure is (C)V(V)(C). Any consonant phoneme may start a syllable, but only /n/, /g/, /ʒ/, /d~ʔ/, /f/ and /z/ can appear in coda.

There are estimated to be 252 total possible syllables; properly including long monophthongs and diphthongs, up to 1,008. (Although there may be nearly twice as many including stress and position of the syllable within a word.)

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!Bilabial
!Alveolar
!Postalveolar
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
!Nasal / Click
|/m/ Mm
|/n/ Nn
|/ǀ/ [ᶢʇ~ᵏǂ] Tt
|
|∅ ∅/-
|-
!Stop
|/b/ [β̞] Bb
|/d/ [t̺~l~ɾ] Dd
| rowspan="2" |/ʒ/ [d͡ʒ] Cc
| rowspan="2" |/g/ [ɣ~ç~j~ʀ] Gg
|/ʔ/ '
|-
!Fricative
|/f/ Ff
|/z/ [z̪] Zz
|/h/ [ɦ] Hh
|}
- /d/ is usually [ɾ] or sometimes [d̺], but is [l~ɾ] (Ll not [ǀ]) invervocally and word-initially, making "adua" and "a lua" usually phonetically distinct, although speakers sometimes pronounce them interchangeably.

- Similarly, /b/ is [ɓ~p] word-initially, [β̞] word-medially, [b̚] in word-medial codas, [b] word-finally, and [(b̚)m̩] utterance-finally.

- /g/ appears as [g] word-initially, [j] in word-medial onsets in clusters, [g~ç] in word-medial codas in clusters, [ɣ~ç] in intervocal word-medial codas, and [ʁ~ʀ] in intervocal word-medial onsets, and [

- /ʒ/ is really [d͡ʒ] in most environments, only surfacing as [ʒ] wordmedially in some clusters and intervocally. /ʒ/ was chosen because it's simpler to write and sometimes more accurate than /d͡ʒ/.

- /f/ becomes [ɸ] before /ɔ/, including diphthongs, as well as utterance-finally, where it may be considered somewhat syllabic in nature, as with /z/ and /ʒ/.

- [ʔ] is frequently lowered to a creaky stop or coloring of a lengthened vowel or liquid [ ̰ ]/[ʔ̆] as a word-medial onset and utterance-finally.

- Coda /d~ʔ/ is hard to describe, since it's ''usually'' [ʔ] word-medially, but is believed to have come from /d/, for which [d] still exists in some environments, predominantly word-finally. Most linguists tend to use both phonemes depending on the context, though some use an archiphonemic /D/. Others still propose using /t/, in part because of utterance-final [|ˀ]. It is always represented with <d> in romanization.

- Conversely, coda [n] is widely analyzed as simply /n/, even thought allophonically it can appear as [m].

- /ǀ/ is a general click and while usually dental may appear as a palatal or alveolar click. It is tenuis, with a velar release, by default, but can become glottalized (or implosive) or nasalized in several environments.

- - It is generally a relatively weak click, with the velar component in tenuis clicks sometimes being just as audible as the click itself.

- - Many prefer to use [ʇ] for /ǀ/ in phonetic descriptions to avoid confusion with word-initial /d/ [l].

- /o/ frequently is voiceless or disappears between /z/ and before /z/ /ʒ/ and /g/, most often being realized as something akin to [s͡s͜ʷs] [ʃ͡ʃ͜ʷʃ] and x͡xʷ͜x respectively. Double consonants also become this word-medially.

- - A similar process happens between two /f/s, although in this case the realization is more likely [fɵ̥f].

- Voicing is non-contrastive, although /m/, /n/, and word-medial intervocalic /b/ and /d/ tend to be voiced, while other phonemes are most likely slack voice, sometimes pronounced voiced or voiceless in free variation, with utterance-final sounds generally being fully voiceless (and glottal stops being their own thing). A more narrow transcription of these sounds would be /b̥ d̥ v̥ z̥ ʒ̊ g̊ ɦ̥ ᶢ̥ǀ/.

Below is a table of some of the more common realizations of morphological syllable clusters, although some sounds and especially voicing are fairly loose. Sounds separated by ~ indicate common free variation, while sounds after a comma indicate interactions across word boundaries. (~, indicates it's more common in the latter environment but there's some free variation.)
{| class="wikitable"
!Coda + Onset
!C + /m/
!C + /n/
!C + /ǀ/
!C + /b/
!C + /d/
!C + /ʒ/
!C + /g/
!C + /f/
!C + /z/
!C + /h/
!C + /ʔ/
!(C +) Vowel
!Word-Final C
!Utterance-Final C
|-
!Utterance-initial O
|m
|n
|ᵏǀ~ᵑǀ
|p~ɓ
|l~t
|t͡ʃ~d͡ʒ
|g~k
|f~ɸ
|z~s
|h:~ɦ
|ʔ
|∅ (j/w/ʕ̞)
|N/A
|N/A
|-
!Word-Initial O
|m
|n
|ᶢǀ~ᵏǀ
|b
|l
|d͡ʒ
|g~k
|f~ɸ
|z~s
|h~ɦ
|ʔ
|∅
|N/A
|N/A
|-
!Vowel (+ O)
|m
|n
|ᶢǀ~ᵏǀ
|β̞
|l~ɾ~d
|ʒ
|ʁ~ʀ
|f~ɸ
|z~s
|ɦ
|̰ ~ʔ̆
|see: vowels
|∅
|∅~h~ʔ
|-
!n + O
|nm~m:
|n~n:
|ᵑǀ~,nᶢǀ
|nβ̞ ~, nb~mb
|nd, nɺ
|nd͡ʒ
|nj~nç, ng
|mv~nf
|nz~nd͡z
|nɦ
|nʔ̆, nʔ
|n
|n
|n
|-
!f + O
|fm
|fn
|fᵑǀ~,fᶢǀ
|fβ̞ ~, fp~ɓ
|fd~ft, fɺ
|fd͡ʒ
|fj, fg~fk
|fʷf~f:
|fs~fz
|fɦ~vh
|fʔ̆, fʔ
|f~ɸ
|f
|ɸ~ů
|-
!z + O
|zm
|zn
|zᵑǀ~,zᶢǀ
|zβ̞ , zb
|zd, zɺ
|zd͡ʒ
|zj, zg~sk
|zf~sf
|zʷz~sʷs, s:
|zh~sɦ
|zʔ̆, zʔ~sʔ
|z~s
|z~s
|s
|-
!c + O
|ʒm, d͡ʒm
|ʒn, d͡ʒn
|ʒᵑǀ~,d͡ʒᶢǀ
|ʒβ̞ , d͡ʒb
|(d͡)ʒd, ʃɺ
|d͡ʒd͡ʒ~ʃt͡ʃ~ʒʷʒ
|ʒj, d͡ʒ~t͡ʃk
|ʒf~,t͡ʃf
|ʒʷʒ~ʃʷʃ, d͡ʒs
|ʒh, d͡ʒɦ
|ʒʔ̆~d͡ʒʔ̆, t͡ʃʔ
|t͡ʃ~d͡ʒ
|d͡ʒ
|t͡ʃ~ʃ
|-
!g + O
|gm~ʁm, ɣm
|gn~ʁn, ɣn
|ᵏǀˀ~,ǀ͡ɠ
|gβ̞~ʁw ~, ɣb
|gd~ʁd, ɣɺ
|gʒ~ɣd͡ʒ~,ɣd͡ʒ~ʃt͡ʃ
|ʔj~ʔɣ~ɠ, çk
|gf~ʁf, ɣf
|d͡z, ɣz~ʁz
|kh~ʁh, ç
|gʔ~ʁʔ, ɣʔ
|ɣ~ç
|ɣ~ç
|ɣ~ç
|-
!d/' + O
|ʔm, dm
|ʔn, dn
|ᵏǀˀ~,ǀ͡ɠ
|ʔβ̞~ɓ, db
|ʔd~ɗ, dɺ
|ʔʒ~ʔt͡ʃ, ɾ.d͡ʒ
|ɣ͡ɣ͜ʷɣ~x͡xʷ͜x, dg
|ʔf, df
|ʔz~t͡s~,d.z
|dh~ʔh
|dʔ~ɾʔ
|ʔd~ɗ
|ɾ
|<nowiki>|ˀ</nowiki>
|}
This phonetically creates a somewhat distinct [ᵑǀ], [ǀˀ], [sʷs], [ʃʷʃ], [xʷx], [fʷf~fɵ̥f~f:], [β̞], [d͡ʒ], [ɣ], [j], [ʁ], and [ʔ̆], and non- or semi-distinct [n:] [m:] [s:] [ɓ], [ɗ], [ʔʲ~ɠ], [ǀ͡ɠ], [ɸ], [t͡s], [w] and [ʕ̞]. None of these are considered phonemic.

==== List of plausible consonant phones: ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" |'''Phones'''
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Postalveolar
!Velar~Uvular
!Co-Velar
!Laryngeal
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Stop'''
|'''Plosive/Aff'''
|'''b̥'''
|'''d̥''', ''d̥͡z''
|d̥͡ʒ
|'''g̊'''
|'''ᶢ̥ǀ'''
|'''ʔ'''
|-
|'''Glottal'''
|''ɓ''
|''ɗ''
| colspan="2" |''ʔʲ~ɠ''
|ᵏǀˀ, ''ǀ͡ɠ*''
|̰ ~ʔ̆
|-
|'''Nasal'''
|'''m''', ''m:''*
|'''n''', ''n:*''
|
|
|ᵑǀ
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Continuant'''
|'''Fricative'''
| rowspan="2" |'''v̥''', ''v̥:~''
''fɵ̥f*,''
|'''z̥''', ''z̥:*''
|'''ʒ̊'''
|ɣ̟̊
|β̥~ů
|'''ɦ̥'''
|-
|''swish''
|z̥͡z̥ʷ͜z̥
|ʒ̊͡ʒ̊ʷ͜ʒ̊
|ɣ̟̊͡ɣ̟̊͜ʷɣ̟̊
|
|
|-
|'''Liquid'''
|β̞
|ɺ (l~ɾ)
|j
|ʁ~ʀ
|w
|ʕ̞
|}

=== Vowels ===
'Arborese features four vowels: /a/ Aa, /e/ Ee, and /o/ Oo. Each of these may combine into a different diphthong or lengthened monophthongs, as shown in the below table.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Front
!Open
!Back
|-
!Unstressed Short
|/e/ [ɪ~ɨ] e
|/a/ [ɐ] a
|/o/ [ɔ] o
|-
!Stressed Short
|[i:] (iə̆~ɨ:) e
|[ɜ:] a
|[ɔ:~ɒ:] o
|-
!V + ɪ
|[ɪ:] (e:~i:) ee
|[aɛ̆] ae
|[ʊɪ̆~ɘɪ̆] oi
|-
!V + ɐ
|[ɛă] ea
|[a:~ɛ:] aa
|[ɔa~oɑ̆) oa
|-
!V + ɔ
|[ɪʊ̆~ɨɔ̆] eo
|[aɔ̆] ao
|[o:~ʊə̆] oo
|-
!Utterance-initially
|([j] +) V
|([ʕ̞] +) V
|([w] +) V
|}
In addition, some argue that these can further combine into triphthongs or glides with lengthened monophthongs, although most agree they are realizations of vowel or diphthong hiatus. Additionally, two monophthongs across word boundaries are believed to have a true vowel hiatus and not become a diphthong.

=== Stress ===
The first syllable of a polysyllabic words is generally stressed, unless the second syllable is heavier. (C)V is lighter than CVV / CVC, which are both lighter than CVVC; i.e. ''eno'', ''eenon,'' and ''faongaed'' would be stress-initial, but ''anoa, zomed, gaomead,'' and ''hazfeen'' would be second-syllable stress. For words that are three syllables or longer, the third syllable may be stressed if it is heavier than both of the prior two syllables.

Words that are four or five syllables long have secondary stress on the penultimate syllable, and have stressed syllables every even number of syllables beforehand up until (and including) the second syllable after the initial stressed syllable: i.e. ''Mafoanaazameegananoen'' would be [ma'foa.na:.zɐˌme:gɐˌnɐ:.nɔɪn]. Note that two stressed syllables cannot appear next to one another within the same word.

For single-syllable words, CV and CVC words are generally unstressed, while CVV and CVVC words are generally stressed. ''Mae gae zau ne bo fe meneo'' would be ['mae.'gae.'zau.ne.bo.fe.me.'nɪʊ̆]

Short monophthongs (/e/ /a/ /o/) that are stressed become long vowels. These are different from both double vowels (/ee/ /aa/ /oo/), which are long and have a different vowel quality, and two vowels across word boundaries (/e e/ /a a/ /o o/), which are technically two short vowels which can both be independently stressed or unstressed. Long vowels and diphthongs retain the same length, but are pronounced with an "unstressed" pitch.

Aside from lengthening short vowels in open syllables, stressed syllables can also see a change in pitch relative to unstressed syllables, depending on intonation.

=== Intonation ===
Across a whole sentence, if the general tone is flat, it's probably an indicative. If, however, across a whole sentence, the stressed syllables are (most often) falling tones - starting at a higher pitch and ending on a lower pitch, it can indicates narration, poetry, or answer to an affirmative question. Exaggerated pitch falling across the sentence may indicate a strong affirmation or emotional state. Unless exaggerated, the final stressed syllable is generally a level low tone, and indeed the second-final stressed syllable is also often a level low tone.

Conversely, a raise in pitch across the whole sentence - that is, unstressed syllables are a level high pitch while stressed syllables start lower and rise to the unstressed pitch - may indicate as a polite correction or an answer to a no question, although can otherwise act as a way of highlighting important information or as a form of excitement or anxiety. When exaggerated, it can indicate surprise, a dubitative, disbelief, or persuasion of an outcome that is counterintuitive. When only the final stressed syllable in a clause is rising - and any unstressed vowels afterward are high tone - it indicates a form of incompleteness, and can function as a pause between clauses, while exaggerated can indicate a question. (similar to a comma in French). Unlike with falling tone intonation, every stressed syllable features the rising tone.

Emphasis on an individual pitch can indicate emphasis on a single word, somewhat similar to English, although it's generally only used for surprise or otherwise act to highlight the topic when answering or asking a yes/no interrogative, the latter of which may also end in a high pitch specifically on the final unstressed syllable (or rising if the final syllable is stressed).

=== Romanization ===
'Arborese does not feature its own alphabet, and the Latin script has been adopted to cover it, although in day-to-day use things are rarely written down in Arborese and linguists tend to use the IPA.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Letter
|Aa
|Bb
|Cc
|Dd
|Ee
|Ff
|Gg
|Hh
|Mm
|Nn
|Oo
|Tt
|Zz
|'
| -
|-
!Ipa
|/a/
|/b/
|/ʒ/
|/d/, -/ʔ/*
|/e/
|/f/
|/g/
|/h/
|/m/
|/n/
|/o/
|/ǀ/
|/z/
|/ʔ/
|Null Onset after Codas
|}
In romanization, , . ? and ! are frequently used, since they also affect intonation. ! is sometimes put before the first word to indicate a negative answer/correction, while ''italicization'' may be used for emphasized words. !? is also fairly commonplace, while ‽ may be used by interrobang purists. (''example:'' !No, he eatn't the ''bread!?'')

== Grammar ==
'Arborese is a fairly analytical, head-initial SVO language with weak agglutination. It has two noun cases, five verb tenses, and a host of auxiliary and compound verbs used to indicate a rich host of additional aspects, moods, and more specific meanings.

=== Nouns ===
Nouns in 'Arborese are fairly straightforward, since there is no grammatical gender, and only three noun cases. The two non-disputed cases are the nominative and prepositional.

Nominative nouns are not marked, and are utilized for both the nominative and accusative in a sentence, as the language has a strict SVO word order.

Prepositional nouns are usually created by adding a vowel (usually ''e'') after the final onset, although if this syllable is either a diphthong or is open and would come after a stressed syllable if applied, usually ends in -e after a vowel (replacing diphthongs) and -a after a consonant. (fe -> fee, mofo -> mofeo, mofoo -> mofoe, mendeg -> mendeeg, faaso -> faasoe, moan -> moana). There are some exceptions however (gema -> gemae). Proper nouns simply end in an additional -a, as is the case with some loan words and some other words. The prepositional noun is used in prepositional phrases, and is used for locative, genitive, dative, and instrumental constructions. When present without a preposition, it can be used as a vocative or as a disjunctive used for emphasis.

Another way of creating emphasis is through reduplication of the final onset and its proceeding vowel, which surfaces as a separate word (''dagan -> dagan ga''). It is also affected by prepositional markers and plural marking (''dagean ge'', ''daganon gooan);'' note that the reduplication is C''oo''V''n''. This emphatic word can also be used as a reflexive pronoun when it used for a subject and appears after a verb, effectively turning it into a reflexive object marker. (i.e. ''dagean ge ofab'' is emphatic while ''dagean ofab ge'' is reflexive). Reduplication of the entire first syllable of a plural noun is instead reciprocal in nature, acting as a simple third-person pronoun (i.e. ''dageanon ofab dag'' vs. ''dageanon ofab gooan''). The emphatic can also be used to differentiate homophones being used together in a sentence, with emphasis often placed on a more animate one; some linguists argue this could already be analyzed as a form of grammatical gender, as though it is generally not used except when multiple homophones are used in a sentence, it has been documented in regular speech by at least one individual.

=== Pronouns ===
Pronouns in 'Arborese are fairly complex, since there is no simple third person definitive pronoun. Instead, pronouns are constructed by taking the first syllable of a word. For example, ''dagean'' would be ''dag.'' These pronouns act as a simple third-person pronoun as well as a reciprocal pronoun (i.e. an action is performed among other individuals of the same thing), but can be used as a reciprocal pronoun for plurals. There are indeed some instances where these pronouns may be confused with a separate, monosyllabic noun, in which case the emphatic is used for clarification if it is, in fact, a new noun.

Other pronouns include "I/me", "You"(pl), "Us/We", "You"(pl), and a generic "it/they/them" for when a third person pronoun is unknown. There are also prepositional and distinct emphatic constructions for these pronouns.; note that third person pronouns take the root and add -''ne'' or -''e'' to the end of the word.

There are also interrogative pronouns which are also used for relative clauses, including "what (inanimate)", "what/who (animate)", "who", "which/what (adjectival)", "where" - which can combine with prepositions to mean "how / whence", and "why / whither", and "when / how many/much", which is used with prepositions to indicate "how long from now / ago" or "how much more was there / is needed".

=== Verbs ===
Verbs come in many varieties of tense, aspect, and mood. The default realis/stative verb may be in a present or past progressive or perfective, as well as a distant past. The past progressive can also be used as an experiential. The present perfective indicates that an action was just completed, or is about to be completed, and may be thought of as a recent-past or near-future. It also can be used as a momentative or instant action.

Verbs may also appear in subordinate mood, which is just a realis mood that appears in subordinate clauses (especially relative clauses), as well as when in auxiliary constructions, and can appear in all tense/aspect distinctions. They also may be irrealis going into independent clauses to indicate a hypothetical, abilitative, desiderative, conditional "then" clause, or in some cases an implied "should", and can also appear in all tenses except for the remote past; on its own it can also be utilized in the non-past as a hortative or imperative. The subjunctive, then, is the subordinate version of the hypothetical mood, being an irrealis verb in dependent clauses and after auxiliary verbs, as well as going into conditional "if" clauses.

There are also a large number of other constructions that further specify moods, aspect, and evidentiality. For example, the word "be" (which is also "have") can be tacked onto the end of a present or past verb to indicate either a jussive, emphatic deductive, or, for progressive verbs, gnomic, while in the far past it implies a super remote, likely untenable past. This is relatively analogous to "must" in English. When irrealis, it implies an obligation that is not being carried out, acting as a sort of simultaneous jussive and dubitative, or as an unfulfilled obligative or optative, thus often being called a "counterfactual", while in the far past it can also imply ancient fables or myths. This often corresponds to "should (but isn't/didn't)" in English.

While both the core verb and the auxiliary are both marked the same for realis vs. irrealis and surbordination, as well as tense, both may be coded for ''aspect'' separately. This can drastically change the basic meaning of the verb, and in fact allows for only a small handful of auxiliary verbs to perform numerous functions. Note that auxiliary verbs modifying a verb in the remote past are in either the past perfective or past progressive aspect.

For example, the while the above paragraph provided information on "be" in the progressive, "be" in the perfective means something entirely different, functioning as a valency decreasing operation, much like English, acting as either a passive (I was hit) or an antipassive (I hit [it]), depending on if the subject is nominative or absolutive, being a logical extension that a one-off action was ordained by something else, implying low volition.

Another common auxiliary verb that creates a rich set of aspectual distinctions is "hold", which can, depending on its tense pairings, be used to indicate a habitual (progressive progressive), frequentative (progressive perfective), transitional [inchoative/cessative] (perfective progressive), or iterative (perfective perfective), along with turning a far past into a far past progressive, habitual, or gnomic.

Another common verb is "go", which has further has a lot of nuance. In the progressive, it acts as an conative (with no results) when paired with a past verb, or as a quasi-future with a present verb. It similarly acts as a broader a mindset to try to do something repeatedly or for a long time when paired with a progressive verb - functioning somewhat as an atelic verb (i.e. "search" or "look for" instead of "find"). Meanwhile, in the perfective, it is used as an assumptive, which in the irrealis mood indicates a dubitative. In the distant past, this instead indicates a previously held assumption about a past event.

The last verb that is commonly used as an auxiliary is "wear". In the perfective it indicates know-how, an experiential, or abilitative - specifically abilitative with good skill. This only exists in the realis modality. In the imperfective, it functions more as an evidential marker, indicating that it's quite apparent if not obvious that someone did something. This functions as something of an inferential, and is different from a realis or irrealis stative mood. It should be noted in both of these cases that in the irrealis, they can be used to indicate suspicion and further function as an assumptive based on appearance or actions, rather than truly knowing someone. . Uniquely, the remote past of the deductive/assumptive acts as a ''habitual'' marker, similar to ''has been'' in English, indicating the verb is and has long been the case; it more indicates that it's quite apparent ''now'' based on something that must've been going on for ''some time''. It should be noted that ''wear'' can serve similar functions when used as a full verb instead of an auxiliary, indicating something is obvious or someone knows something with great detail, in addition to simply wearing clothes.

Other common auxiliaries include need (irrealis only: perfective indicates absolute necessity, progressive indicates strong desiderative), emotional verbs such as fear (i.e. afraid of an action that hasn't happened yet, or "of Xing"; for actions that have occurred, see coverbs and causals below, or otherwise it'll appear in a subordinate clause. Irrealis only), fall (progressive or perfective act of failing to do something, turning it negative; irrealis indicates probablistic or assumptive failure), start (progressive/perfective inchoative), stop (cessative progressive/perfective with the intention of not returning), lay ([short-term and long-term process] cessative with the intention of returning; no inchoative counterpart), see (learning how to do something), lose (forgetting how to or losing the ability to do something, or ceasing long-term against one's will), obtain/achieve (do well in perfective, trying hard and likely succeeding in progressive; realis with perfective, irrealis with progressive), and a pair of auxiliaries that don't map onto another verb that essentially act as a confirmative or negative (perfective only).

Below is a table of the primary verbal conjugations accompanied by auxiliaries:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Verbs
!Aux. Aspect
!Realis/Irrealis
!Non-Past Progressive
!Past Progressive
!Non-Past Perfective
!Past Perfective
!Remote Past
|-
| rowspan="4" |Verb
| rowspan="2" |Independent
|''Realis (Stative)''
|present progressive/continuous
|past progressive/imperfective
|(near-)present perfective
|past perfective
|remote past simple/perfective
|-
|''Irrealis (Hypothetical)''
| colspan="5" |''hypothetical, abilitative, weak deontic, desiderative, hortative, conditional, permissive, or (in present) imperative versions of the above''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Dependent
|''Realis (Subordinate)''
| colspan="5" rowspan="2" |''Same as above but for dependent clauses; conditional "if" clauses''
|-
|''Irrealis (Subjunctive)''
|-
| rowspan="4" |Be/Have + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
|jussive/deductive NP.PROG; gnomic
|Jus/Ded. P.PROG; past gnomic
|Jus/Ded NP.PFV
|Jus/Ded P.PFV
|distant past jussive / deductive
|-
|''Irrealis''
|optative imperfective
|unfulfilled progressive
|optative perffective
|unfulfilled PFV
|ancient fable or legend
|-
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" rowspan="2" |''Low-Volitition Detransitiviser (Passive / Antipassive) of normal verbs''
|-
|''Irrealis''
|-
| rowspan="4" |Hold + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
|present habitual
|past habitual
|present frequentative
|past frequentative
|remote past continuous/habitual
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''irrealis versions of above''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
|''Realis''
|present durative (long continuous)
|past durative
|(near-)present iterative
|past iterative
|remote past transitional
|-
|''Irrealis*''
| colspan="5" |''irrealis versions of above, although never really used''
|-
| rowspan="4" |Go + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
|present atelic / prog. conative/future
|past atelic / cont. conative
|present perf.con/fut.
|past perf.conative
|remote past conative
|-
|''Irrealis (uncommon)''
| colspan="4" |''dubitative versions of the above; uncommon''
|ancient hypothetical (rare)
|-
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" |''evidential or knowledge-based assumptive versions of the realis stative verbs''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''dubitative versions of the realis stative verbs''
|-
| rowspan="3" |Wear + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
| colspan="4" |''emphatic deductive of the realis stative verbs''
|''EMPH+.DED/INFR NP.HAB''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="4" |''non-evidential weak assumptive of the realis stative verb''
|''weak assumptive pres. habitual''
|-
|Perfective
|''Realis (exclusive)''
| colspan="5" |''emphatic abilitative/experiential of the realis stative verb''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Need + Verb
|Progressive
| rowspan="2" |''Irrealis (exclusive)''
| colspan="5" |''necessitative of the realis stative verb''
|-
|Perfective
| colspan="5" |''emphatic desiderative of the realis stative verb''
|-
| rowspan="4" |Fall + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" |''imperfective failing at doing something''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''imperfective probable or assumptive failure at doing something; dubitative with the assumption that an attempt was made''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" |''perfective failure to do something''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''perfective probable or assumptive failure at doing something; dubitative with the assumption that an attempt was made''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Start + Verb
|Progressive
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''progressive/durational inchoative version realis and irrealis stative verbs; present can indicate a near future''
|-
|Perfective
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''perfective inchoative version realis and irrealis stative verbs''
|-
|Stop + Verb
|Both
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''cessative versions of the above inchoative with the intention of stopping permanently''
|-
|Lay + Verb
|Both
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''cessative versions of the above inchoative with the intention of stopping temporarily''
|-
|See + Verb
|Both
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''progressive or perfective, realis or irrealis, act of learning how to do a verb''
|-
|Lose + Verb
|Both
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''progressive or perfective, realis or irrealis, act of forgetting how or losing the ability to do a verb, or otherwise stopping long-term against one's will''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Obtain/Achieve
+ Verb
|Progressive
|''Irrealis (exclusive)''
| colspan="5" |''likely near-future successful attemptative of the realis stative verbs''
|-
|Perfective
|''Realis (exclusive)''
| colspan="5" |''excellent version of the realis stative verbs''
|-
| rowspan="4" |Grab + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" |''voluntarily in the process of switching to doing something or becoming apparent that one was responsible for an action''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''involuntarily in the process of switching to doing something or becoming apparent that one was responsible for an action''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" |''voluntarily doing or done an action in place of something else''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''involuntarily doing or done an action in place of something else''
|-
|Release + Verb
|Both
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''same as above, but for the process or no longer doing an action''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Change + Verb
|Progressive
| rowspan="2" |''Realis (exclusive)''
| colspan="5" |''switching from an old task to a new task''
|-
|Perfective
| colspan="5" |''altering how a task is being performed''
|-
| rowspan="2" |''Is/Didn't'' + Verb
(Origin Unclear)
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
(exclusive)
|''Realis-Affirmative''
| colspan="5" |''affirmative positive when put before a verb when answering a question; affirmative negative when before a negative verb''
|-
|''Irrealis-Negative''
| colspan="5" |''anti-affirmative when put before a verb, with the positive or negative of the verb reflecting what actually happened''
|}
In addition, the auxiliary ''be'' may appear before both wear and hold, although this only acts as a detransitiviser, and agrees with the aspect of the following auxiliary verb. The affirmative/negative auxiliaries may also appear before any other auxiliary verb, including be; this allows affirmatives and negatives that are uncertain or unlikely. ''Start, Stop, Lay, Take Over,'' ''Rest,'' and ''Change'' may also be used before some other auxiliary verbs (including be + another auxiliary) and can appear with independent aspect markers.

Several adverbs may also be used, as well as number to indicate number of times something has been done (in the nominative; the absolutive it implies for the nth time).

Then there are some suffixes that are adverbial in nature but tack onto the verb, including the dependent verb. These can include "surprisingly", "suddenly", "quickly", "slowly", "again" or "re", and "not". The irrealis modifier may also be thought of as a "maybe" or "could" adverb, but given its versatility in modifying moods and aspects, and its ability to be placed on auxiliaries, it is generally considered an inherent verb modality. There also exist coverbial functions, such as "while", "after", and "before", which can be combined with a causative paraphrastic phrase to mean "and", "thus", and "in order to".

It should be noted there are no infinitive or gerundive forms of verbs. Adjectivized verbs need to be placed in relative clauses using relative pronouns, with the nominative or absolutive being used to mark the directionality of a verb. Nominalized verbs do exist, but must be formed paraphrastically, i.e. it must be put into a content clause with a dummy word meaning something along the lines of "action", or otherwise a word corresponding roughly with the verb in question. The same is not true of nouns becoming verbs, which can be done through a simpler morphological process.
[[Category:Language]]

'Arborese

2026-08-06T14:41:07Z

Jutomi: Removed coda b lol

{{Infobox language|name='Arborese|family=Unknown|era=today|scripts=None (Latin)|country=[['Arbor 'Iland]]|number=only a couple dozen; critically endangered|usage=rare; in private, chiefly among elders|lang-code=arb|demonym='Arborese}}

'Arborese (sometimes spelled ''Arborese''; no endonym documented) is a critically endangered language seldom spoken in the volcanic island territory of [['Arbor 'Iland]]. It is believed to be weakly agglutinative, although not much is known about its grammar at this time.

== Phonetics ==
Arborese features a fairly minimalist phonemic inventory, with only three vowels and 11 consonants, though there is a degree of free variation and allophony depending on where a sound appears in a word, syllable or utterance, as well as 12 "combined vowels" that appear as diphthongs or long monophthongs.

=== Phonotactics ===
The syllable structure is (C)V(V)(C). Any consonant phoneme may start a syllable, but only /n/, /g/, /ʒ/, /d~ʔ/, /f/ and /z/ can appear in coda.

There are estimated to be 252 total possible syllables; properly including long monophthongs and diphthongs, up to 1,008. (Although there may be nearly twice as many including stress and position of the syllable within a word.)

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!Bilabial
!Alveolar
!Postalveolar
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
!Nasal / Click
|/m/ Mm
|/n/ Nn
|/ǀ/ [ᶢʇ~ᵏǂ] Tt
|
|∅ ∅/-
|-
!Stop
|/b/ [β̞] Bb
|/d/ [t̺~l~ɾ] Dd
| rowspan="2" |/ʒ/ [d͡ʒ] Cc
| rowspan="2" |/g/ [ɣ~ç~j~ʀ] Gg
|/ʔ/ '
|-
!Fricative
|/f/ Ff
|/z/ [z̪] Zz
|/h/ [ɦ] Hh
|}
- /d/ is usually [ɾ] or sometimes [d̺], but is [l~ɾ] (Ll not [ǀ]) invervocally and word-initially, making "adua" and "a lua" usually phonetically distinct, although speakers sometimes pronounce them interchangeably.

- Similarly, /b/ is [ɓ~p] word-initially, [β̞] word-medially, [b̚] in word-medial codas, [b] word-finally, and [(b̚)m̩] utterance-finally.

- /g/ appears as [g] word-initially, [j] in word-medial onsets in clusters, [g~ç] in word-medial codas in clusters, [ɣ~ç] in intervocal word-medial codas, and [ʁ~ʀ] in intervocal word-medial onsets, and [

- /ʒ/ is really [d͡ʒ] in most environments, only surfacing as [ʒ] wordmedially in some clusters and intervocally. /ʒ/ was chosen because it's simpler to write and sometimes more accurate than /d͡ʒ/.

- /f/ becomes [ɸ] before /ɔ/, including diphthongs, as well as utterance-finally, where it may be considered somewhat syllabic in nature, as with /z/ and /ʒ/.

- [ʔ] is frequently lowered to a creaky stop or coloring of a lengthened vowel or liquid [ ̰ ]/[ʔ̆] as a word-medial onset and utterance-finally.

- Coda /d~ʔ/ is hard to describe, since it's ''usually'' [ʔ] word-medially, but is believed to have come from /d/, for which [d] still exists in some environments, predominantly word-finally. Most linguists tend to use both phonemes depending on the context, though some use an archiphonemic /D/. Others still propose using /t/, in part because of utterance-final [|ˀ]. It is always represented with <d> in romanization.

- Conversely, coda [n] is widely analyzed as simply /n/, even thought allophonically it can appear as [m].

- /ǀ/ is a general click and while usually dental may appear as a palatal or alveolar click. It is tenuis, with a velar release, by default, but can become glottalized (or implosive) or nasalized in several environments.

- - It is generally a relatively weak click, with the velar component in tenuis clicks sometimes being just as audible as the click itself.

- - Many prefer to use [ʇ] for /ǀ/ in phonetic descriptions to avoid confusion with word-initial /d/ [l].

- /o/ frequently is voiceless or disappears between /z/ and before /z/ or /ʒ/, most often being realized as something akin to [s͡s͜ʷs] and [ʃ͡ʃ͜ʷʃ] respectively.

- - A similar process happens between two /f/s, although in this case the realization is more likely [fɵ̥f].

- Voicing is non-contrastive, although /m/, /n/, and word-medial intervocalic /b/ and /d/ tend to be voiced, while other phonemes are most likely slack voice, sometimes pronounced voiced or voiceless in free variation, with utterance-final sounds generally being fully voiceless (and glottal stops being their own thing). A more narrow transcription of these sounds would be /b̥ d̥ v̥ z̥ ʒ̊ g̊ ɦ̥ ᶢ̥ǀ/.

Below is a table of some of the more common realizations of morphological syllable clusters, although some sounds and especially voicing are fairly loose. Sounds separated by ~ indicate common free variation, while sounds after a comma indicate interactions across word boundaries. (~, indicates it's more common in the latter environment but there's some free variation.)
{| class="wikitable"
!Coda + Onset
!C + /m/
!C + /n/
!C + /ǀ/
!C + /b/
!C + /d/
!C + /ʒ/
!C + /g/
!C + /f/
!C + /z/
!C + /h/
!C + /ʔ/
!(C +) Vowel
!Word-Final C
!Utterance-Final C
|-
!Utterance-initial O
|m
|n
|ᵏǀ~ᵑǀ
|p~ɓ
|l~t
|t͡ʃ~d͡ʒ
|g~k
|f~ɸ
|z~s
|h:~ɦ
|ʔ
|∅ (j/w/ʕ̞)
|N/A
|N/A
|-
!Word-Initial O
|m
|n
|ᶢǀ~ᵏǀ
|b
|l
|d͡ʒ
|g~k
|f~ɸ
|z~s
|h~ɦ
|ʔ
|∅
|N/A
|N/A
|-
!Vowel (+ O)
|m
|n
|ᶢǀ~ᵏǀ
|β̞
|l~ɾ~d
|ʒ
|ʁ~ʀ
|f~ɸ
|z~s
|ɦ
|̰ ~ʔ̆
|see: vowels
|∅
|∅~h~ʔ
|-
!n + O
|nm~m:
|n~n:
|ᵑǀ~,nᶢǀ
|nβ̞ ~, nb~mb
|nd, nɺ
|nd͡ʒ
|nj~nç, ng
|mv~nf
|nz~nd͡z
|nɦ
|nʔ̆, nʔ
|n
|n
|n
|-
!f + O
|fm
|fn
|fᵑǀ~,fᶢǀ
|fβ̞ ~, fp~ɓ
|fd~ft, fɺ
|fd͡ʒ
|fj, fg~fk
|fʷf~f:
|fs~fz
|fɦ~vh
|fʔ̆, fʔ
|f~ɸ
|f
|ɸ~ů
|-
!z + O
|zm
|zn
|zᵑǀ~,zᶢǀ
|zβ̞ , zb
|zd, zɺ
|zd͡ʒ
|zj, zg~sk
|zf~sf
|zʷz~sʷs, s:
|zh~sɦ
|zʔ̆, zʔ~sʔ
|z~s
|z~s
|s
|-
!c + O
|ʒm, d͡ʒm
|ʒn, d͡ʒn
|ʒᵑǀ~,d͡ʒᶢǀ
|ʒβ̞ , d͡ʒb
|(d͡)ʒd, ʃɺ
|d͡ʒd͡ʒ~ʃt͡ʃ~ʒʷʒ
|ʒj, d͡ʒ~t͡ʃk
|ʒf~,t͡ʃf
|ʒʷʒ~ʃʷʃ, d͡ʒs
|ʒh, d͡ʒɦ
|ʒʔ̆~d͡ʒʔ̆, t͡ʃʔ
|t͡ʃ~d͡ʒ
|d͡ʒ
|t͡ʃ~ʃ
|-
!g + O
|gm~ʁm, ɣm
|gn~ʁn, ɣn
|ᵏǀˀ~,ǀ͡ɠ
|gβ̞~ʁw ~, ɣb
|gd~ʁd, ɣɺ
|gʒ~ɣd͡ʒ~,ɣd͡ʒ~ʃt͡ʃ
|ʔj~ʔɣ, çk
|gf~ʁf, ɣf
|d͡z, ɣz~ʁz
|kh~ʁh, ç
|gʔ~ʁʔ, ɣʔ
|ɣ~ç
|ɣ~ç
|ɣ~ç
|-
!d/' + O
|ʔm, dm
|ʔn, dn
|ᵏǀˀ~,ǀ͡ɠ
|ʔβ̞~ɓ, db
|ʔd~ɗ, dɺ
|ʔʒ~ʔt͡ʃ, ɾ.d͡ʒ
|ʔg~ɠ, dg
|ʔf, df
|ʔz~t͡s~,d.z
|dh~ʔh
|dʔ~ɾʔ
|ʔd~ɗ
|ɾ
|<nowiki>|ˀ</nowiki>
|}
This phonetically creates a somewhat distinct [ᵑǀ], [ǀˀ], [sʷs], [ʃʷʃ], [fʷf~fɵ̥f~f:], [β̞], [d͡ʒ], [ɣ], [j], [ʁ], and [ʔ̆], and non- or semi-distinct [n:] [m:] [s:] [ɓ], [ɗ], [ɠ], [ǀ͡ɠ], [ɸ], [t͡s], [w] and [ʕ̞]. None of these are considered phonemic.

=== Vowels ===
'Arborese features four vowels: /a/ Aa, /e/ Ee, and /o/ Oo. Each of these may combine into a different diphthong or lengthened monophthongs, as shown in the below table.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Front
!Open
!Back
|-
!Unstressed Short
|/e/ [ɪ~ɨ] e
|/a/ [ɐ] a
|/o/ [ɔ] o
|-
!Stressed Short
|[i:] (iə̆~ɨ:) e
|[ɜ:] a
|[ɔ:~ɒ:] o
|-
!V + ɪ
|[ɪ:] (e:~i:) ee
|[aɛ̆] ae
|[ʊɪ̆~ɘɪ̆] oi
|-
!V + ɐ
|[ɛă] ea
|[a:~ɛ:] aa
|[ɔa~oɑ̆) oa
|-
!V + ɔ
|[ɪʊ̆~ɨɔ̆] eo
|[aɔ̆] ao
|[o:~ʊə̆] oo
|-
!Utterance-initially
|([j] +) V
|([ʕ̞] +) V
|([w] +) V
|}
In addition, some argue that these can further combine into triphthongs or glides with lengthened monophthongs, although most agree they are realizations of vowel or diphthong hiatus. Additionally, two monophthongs across word boundaries are believed to have a true vowel hiatus and not become a diphthong.

=== Stress ===
The first syllable of a polysyllabic words is generally stressed, unless the second syllable is heavier. (C)V is lighter than CVV / CVC, which are both lighter than CVVC; i.e. ''eno'', ''eenon,'' and ''faongaed'' would be stress-initial, but ''anoa, zomed, gaomead,'' and ''hazfeen'' would be second-syllable stress. For words that are three syllables or longer, the third syllable may be stressed if it is heavier than both of the prior two syllables.

Words that are four or five syllables long have secondary stress on the penultimate syllable, and have stressed syllables every even number of syllables beforehand up until (and including) the second syllable after the initial stressed syllable: i.e. ''Mafoanaazameegananoen'' would be [ma'foa.na:.zɐˌme:gɐˌnɐ:.nɔɪn]. Note that two stressed syllables cannot appear next to one another within the same word.

For single-syllable words, CV and CVC words are generally unstressed, while CVV and CVVC words are generally stressed. ''Mae gae zau ne bo fe meneo'' would be ['mae.'gae.'zau.ne.bo.fe.me.'nɪʊ̆]

Short monophthongs (/e/ /a/ /o/) that are stressed become long vowels. These are different from both double vowels (/ee/ /aa/ /oo/), which are long and have a different vowel quality, and two vowels across word boundaries (/e e/ /a a/ /o o/), which are technically two short vowels which can both be independently stressed or unstressed. Long vowels and diphthongs retain the same length, but are pronounced with an "unstressed" pitch.

Aside from lengthening short vowels in open syllables, stressed syllables can also see a change in pitch relative to unstressed syllables, depending on intonation.

=== Intonation ===
Across a whole sentence, if the general tone is flat, it's probably an indicative. If, however, across a whole sentence, the stressed syllables are (most often) falling tones - starting at a higher pitch and ending on a lower pitch, it can indicates narration, poetry, or answer to an affirmative question. Exaggerated pitch falling across the sentence may indicate a strong affirmation or emotional state. Unless exaggerated, the final stressed syllable is generally a level low tone, and indeed the second-final stressed syllable is also often a level low tone.

Conversely, a raise in pitch across the whole sentence - that is, unstressed syllables are a level high pitch while stressed syllables start lower and rise to the unstressed pitch - may indicate as a polite correction or an answer to a no question, although can otherwise act as a way of highlighting important information or as a form of excitement or anxiety. When exaggerated, it can indicate surprise, a dubitative, disbelief, or persuasion of an outcome that is counterintuitive. When only the final stressed syllable in a clause is rising - and any unstressed vowels afterward are high tone - it indicates a form of incompleteness, and can function as a pause between clauses, while exaggerated can indicate a question. (similar to a comma in French). Unlike with falling tone intonation, every stressed syllable features the rising tone.

Emphasis on an individual pitch can indicate emphasis on a single word, somewhat similar to English, although it's generally only used for surprise or otherwise act to highlight the topic when answering or asking a yes/no interrogative, the latter of which may also end in a high pitch specifically on the final unstressed syllable (or rising if the final syllable is stressed).

=== Romanization ===
'Arborese does not feature its own alphabet, and the Latin script has been adopted to cover it, although in day-to-day use things are rarely written down in Arborese and linguists tend to use the IPA.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Letter
|Aa
|Bb
|Cc
|Dd
|Ee
|Ff
|Gg
|Hh
|Mm
|Nn
|Oo
|Tt
|Zz
|'
| -
|-
!Ipa
|/a/
|/b/
|/ʒ/
|/d/, -/ʔ/*
|/e/
|/f/
|/g/
|/h/
|/m/
|/n/
|/o/
|/ǀ/
|/z/
|/ʔ/
|Null Onset after Codas
|}
In romanization, , . ? and ! are frequently used, since they also affect intonation. ! is sometimes put before the first word to indicate a negative answer/correction, while ''italicization'' may be used for emphasized words. !? is also fairly commonplace, while ‽ may be used by interrobang purists. (''example:'' !No, he eatn't the ''bread!?'')

== Grammar ==
'Arborese is a fairly analytical, head-initial SVO language with weak agglutination. It has two noun cases, five verb tenses, and a host of auxiliary and compound verbs used to indicate a rich host of additional aspects, moods, and more specific meanings.

=== Nouns ===
Nouns in 'Arborese are fairly straightforward, since there is no grammatical gender, and only three noun cases. The two non-disputed cases are the nominative and prepositional.

Nominative nouns are not marked, and are utilized for both the nominative and accusative in a sentence, as the language has a strict SVO word order.

Prepositional nouns are usually created by adding a vowel (usually ''e'') after the final onset, although if this syllable is either a diphthong or is open and would come after a stressed syllable if applied, usually ends in -e after a vowel (replacing diphthongs) and -a after a consonant. (fe -> fee, mofo -> mofeo, mofoo -> mofoe, mendeg -> mendeeg, faaso -> faasoe, moan -> moana). There are some exceptions however (gema -> gemae). Proper nouns simply end in an additional -a, as is the case with some loan words and some other words. The prepositional noun is used in prepositional phrases, and is used for locative, genitive, dative, and instrumental constructions. When present without a preposition, it can be used as a vocative or as a disjunctive used for emphasis.

Another way of creating emphasis is through reduplication of the final onset and its proceeding vowel, which surfaces as a separate word (''dagan -> dagan ga''). It is also affected by prepositional markers and plural marking (''dagean ge'', ''daganon gooan);'' note that the reduplication is C''oo''V''n''. This emphatic word can also be used as a reflexive pronoun when it used for a subject and appears after a verb, effectively turning it into a reflexive object marker. (i.e. ''dagean ge ofab'' is emphatic while ''dagean ofab ge'' is reflexive). Reduplication of the entire first syllable of a plural noun is instead reciprocal in nature, acting as a simple third-person pronoun (i.e. ''dageanon ofab dag'' vs. ''dageanon ofab gooan''). The emphatic can also be used to differentiate homophones being used together in a sentence, with emphasis often placed on a more animate one; some linguists argue this could already be analyzed as a form of grammatical gender, as though it is generally not used except when multiple homophones are used in a sentence, it has been documented in regular speech by at least one individual.

=== Pronouns ===
Pronouns in 'Arborese are fairly complex, since there is no simple third person definitive pronoun. Instead, pronouns are constructed by taking the first syllable of a word. For example, ''dagean'' would be ''dag.'' These pronouns act as a simple third-person pronoun as well as a reciprocal pronoun (i.e. an action is performed among other individuals of the same thing), but can be used as a reciprocal pronoun for plurals. There are indeed some instances where these pronouns may be confused with a separate, monosyllabic noun, in which case the emphatic is used for clarification if it is, in fact, a new noun.

Other pronouns include "I/me", "You"(pl), "Us/We", "You"(pl), and a generic "it/they/them" for when a third person pronoun is unknown. There are also prepositional and distinct emphatic constructions for these pronouns.; note that third person pronouns take the root and add -''ne'' or -''e'' to the end of the word.

There are also interrogative pronouns which are also used for relative clauses, including "what (inanimate)", "what/who (animate)", "who", "which/what (adjectival)", "where" - which can combine with prepositions to mean "how / whence", and "why / whither", and "when / how many/much", which is used with prepositions to indicate "how long from now / ago" or "how much more was there / is needed".

=== Verbs ===
Verbs come in many varieties of tense, aspect, and mood. The default realis/stative verb may be in a present or past progressive or perfective, as well as a distant past. The past progressive can also be used as an experiential. The present perfective indicates that an action was just completed, or is about to be completed, and may be thought of as a recent-past or near-future. It also can be used as a momentative or instant action.

Verbs may also appear in subordinate mood, which is just a realis mood that appears in subordinate clauses (especially relative clauses), as well as when in auxiliary constructions, and can appear in all tense/aspect distinctions. They also may be irrealis going into independent clauses to indicate a hypothetical, abilitative, desiderative, conditional "then" clause, or in some cases an implied "should", and can also appear in all tenses except for the remote past; on its own it can also be utilized in the non-past as a hortative or imperative. The subjunctive, then, is the subordinate version of the hypothetical mood, being an irrealis verb in dependent clauses and after auxiliary verbs, as well as going into conditional "if" clauses.

There are also a large number of other constructions that further specify moods, aspect, and evidentiality. For example, the word "be" (which is also "have") can be tacked onto the end of a present or past verb to indicate either a jussive, emphatic deductive, or, for progressive verbs, gnomic, while in the far past it implies a super remote, likely untenable past. This is relatively analogous to "must" in English. When irrealis, it implies an obligation that is not being carried out, acting as a sort of simultaneous jussive and dubitative, or as an unfulfilled obligative or optative, thus often being called a "counterfactual", while in the far past it can also imply ancient fables or myths. This often corresponds to "should (but isn't/didn't)" in English.

While both the core verb and the auxiliary are both marked the same for realis vs. irrealis and surbordination, as well as tense, both may be coded for ''aspect'' separately. This can drastically change the basic meaning of the verb, and in fact allows for only a small handful of auxiliary verbs to perform numerous functions. Note that auxiliary verbs modifying a verb in the remote past are in either the past perfective or past progressive aspect.

For example, the while the above paragraph provided information on "be" in the progressive, "be" in the perfective means something entirely different, functioning as a valency decreasing operation, much like English, acting as either a passive (I was hit) or an antipassive (I hit [it]), depending on if the subject is nominative or absolutive, being a logical extension that a one-off action was ordained by something else, implying low volition.

Another common auxiliary verb that creates a rich set of aspectual distinctions is "hold", which can, depending on its tense pairings, be used to indicate a habitual (progressive progressive), frequentative (progressive perfective), transitional [inchoative/cessative] (perfective progressive), or iterative (perfective perfective), along with turning a far past into a far past progressive, habitual, or gnomic.

Another common verb is "go", which has further has a lot of nuance. In the progressive, it acts as an conative (with no results) when paired with a past verb, or as a quasi-future with a present verb. It similarly acts as a broader a mindset to try to do something repeatedly or for a long time when paired with a progressive verb - functioning somewhat as an atelic verb (i.e. "search" or "look for" instead of "find"). Meanwhile, in the perfective, it is used as an assumptive, which in the irrealis mood indicates a dubitative. In the distant past, this instead indicates a previously held assumption about a past event.

The last verb that is commonly used as an auxiliary is "wear". In the perfective it indicates know-how, an experiential, or abilitative - specifically abilitative with good skill. This only exists in the realis modality. In the imperfective, it functions more as an evidential marker, indicating that it's quite apparent if not obvious that someone did something. This functions as something of an inferential, and is different from a realis or irrealis stative mood. It should be noted in both of these cases that in the irrealis, they can be used to indicate suspicion and further function as an assumptive based on appearance or actions, rather than truly knowing someone. . Uniquely, the remote past of the deductive/assumptive acts as a ''habitual'' marker, similar to ''has been'' in English, indicating the verb is and has long been the case; it more indicates that it's quite apparent ''now'' based on something that must've been going on for ''some time''. It should be noted that ''wear'' can serve similar functions when used as a full verb instead of an auxiliary, indicating something is obvious or someone knows something with great detail, in addition to simply wearing clothes.

Other common auxiliaries include need (irrealis only: perfective indicates absolute necessity, progressive indicates strong desiderative), emotional verbs such as fear (i.e. afraid of an action that hasn't happened yet, or "of Xing"; for actions that have occurred, see coverbs and causals below, or otherwise it'll appear in a subordinate clause. Irrealis only), fall (progressive or perfective act of failing to do something, turning it negative; irrealis indicates probablistic or assumptive failure), start (progressive/perfective inchoative), stop (cessative progressive/perfective with the intention of not returning), lay ([short-term and long-term process] cessative with the intention of returning; no inchoative counterpart), see (learning how to do something), lose (forgetting how to or losing the ability to do something, or ceasing long-term against one's will), obtain/achieve (do well in perfective, trying hard and likely succeeding in progressive; realis with perfective, irrealis with progressive), and a pair of auxiliaries that don't map onto another verb that essentially act as a confirmative or negative (perfective only).

Below is a table of the primary verbal conjugations accompanied by auxiliaries:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Verbs
!Aux. Aspect
!Realis/Irrealis
!Non-Past Progressive
!Past Progressive
!Non-Past Perfective
!Past Perfective
!Remote Past
|-
| rowspan="4" |Verb
| rowspan="2" |Independent
|''Realis (Stative)''
|present progressive/continuous
|past progressive/imperfective
|(near-)present perfective
|past perfective
|remote past simple/perfective
|-
|''Irrealis (Hypothetical)''
| colspan="5" |''hypothetical, abilitative, weak deontic, desiderative, hortative, conditional, permissive, or (in present) imperative versions of the above''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Dependent
|''Realis (Subordinate)''
| colspan="5" rowspan="2" |''Same as above but for dependent clauses; conditional "if" clauses''
|-
|''Irrealis (Subjunctive)''
|-
| rowspan="4" |Be/Have + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
|jussive/deductive NP.PROG; gnomic
|Jus/Ded. P.PROG; past gnomic
|Jus/Ded NP.PFV
|Jus/Ded P.PFV
|distant past jussive / deductive
|-
|''Irrealis''
|optative imperfective
|unfulfilled progressive
|optative perffective
|unfulfilled PFV
|ancient fable or legend
|-
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" rowspan="2" |''Low-Volitition Detransitiviser (Passive / Antipassive) of normal verbs''
|-
|''Irrealis''
|-
| rowspan="4" |Hold + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
|present habitual
|past habitual
|present frequentative
|past frequentative
|remote past continuous/habitual
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''irrealis versions of above''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
|''Realis''
|present durative (long continuous)
|past durative
|(near-)present iterative
|past iterative
|remote past transitional
|-
|''Irrealis*''
| colspan="5" |''irrealis versions of above, although never really used''
|-
| rowspan="4" |Go + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
|present atelic / prog. conative/future
|past atelic / cont. conative
|present perf.con/fut.
|past perf.conative
|remote past conative
|-
|''Irrealis (uncommon)''
| colspan="4" |''dubitative versions of the above; uncommon''
|ancient hypothetical (rare)
|-
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" |''evidential or knowledge-based assumptive versions of the realis stative verbs''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''dubitative versions of the realis stative verbs''
|-
| rowspan="3" |Wear + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
| colspan="4" |''emphatic deductive of the realis stative verbs''
|''EMPH+.DED/INFR NP.HAB''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="4" |''non-evidential weak assumptive of the realis stative verb''
|''weak assumptive pres. habitual''
|-
|Perfective
|''Realis (exclusive)''
| colspan="5" |''emphatic abilitative/experiential of the realis stative verb''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Need + Verb
|Progressive
| rowspan="2" |''Irrealis (exclusive)''
| colspan="5" |''necessitative of the realis stative verb''
|-
|Perfective
| colspan="5" |''emphatic desiderative of the realis stative verb''
|-
| rowspan="4" |Fall + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" |''imperfective failing at doing something''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''imperfective probable or assumptive failure at doing something; dubitative with the assumption that an attempt was made''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" |''perfective failure to do something''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''perfective probable or assumptive failure at doing something; dubitative with the assumption that an attempt was made''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Start + Verb
|Progressive
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''progressive/durational inchoative version realis and irrealis stative verbs; present can indicate a near future''
|-
|Perfective
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''perfective inchoative version realis and irrealis stative verbs''
|-
|Stop + Verb
|Both
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''cessative versions of the above inchoative with the intention of stopping permanently''
|-
|Lay + Verb
|Both
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''cessative versions of the above inchoative with the intention of stopping temporarily''
|-
|See + Verb
|Both
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''progressive or perfective, realis or irrealis, act of learning how to do a verb''
|-
|Lose + Verb
|Both
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''progressive or perfective, realis or irrealis, act of forgetting how or losing the ability to do a verb, or otherwise stopping long-term against one's will''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Obtain/Achieve
+ Verb
|Progressive
|''Irrealis (exclusive)''
| colspan="5" |''likely near-future successful attemptative of the realis stative verbs''
|-
|Perfective
|''Realis (exclusive)''
| colspan="5" |''excellent version of the realis stative verbs''
|-
| rowspan="4" |Grab + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" |''voluntarily in the process of switching to doing something or becoming apparent that one was responsible for an action''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''involuntarily in the process of switching to doing something or becoming apparent that one was responsible for an action''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" |''voluntarily doing or done an action in place of something else''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''involuntarily doing or done an action in place of something else''
|-
|Release + Verb
|Both
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''same as above, but for the process or no longer doing an action''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Change + Verb
|Progressive
| rowspan="2" |''Realis (exclusive)''
| colspan="5" |''switching from an old task to a new task''
|-
|Perfective
| colspan="5" |''altering how a task is being performed''
|-
| rowspan="2" |''Is/Didn't'' + Verb
(Origin Unclear)
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
(exclusive)
|''Realis-Affirmative''
| colspan="5" |''affirmative positive when put before a verb when answering a question; affirmative negative when before a negative verb''
|-
|''Irrealis-Negative''
| colspan="5" |''anti-affirmative when put before a verb, with the positive or negative of the verb reflecting what actually happened''
|}
In addition, the auxiliary ''be'' may appear before both wear and hold, although this only acts as a detransitiviser, and agrees with the aspect of the following auxiliary verb. The affirmative/negative auxiliaries may also appear before any other auxiliary verb, including be; this allows affirmatives and negatives that are uncertain or unlikely. ''Start, Stop, Lay, Take Over,'' ''Rest,'' and ''Change'' may also be used before some other auxiliary verbs (including be + another auxiliary) and can appear with independent aspect markers.

Several adverbs may also be used, as well as number to indicate number of times something has been done (in the nominative; the absolutive it implies for the nth time).

Then there are some suffixes that are adverbial in nature but tack onto the verb, including the dependent verb. These can include "surprisingly", "suddenly", "quickly", "slowly", "again" or "re", and "not". The irrealis modifier may also be thought of as a "maybe" or "could" adverb, but given its versatility in modifying moods and aspects, and its ability to be placed on auxiliaries, it is generally considered an inherent verb modality. There also exist coverbial functions, such as "while", "after", and "before", which can be combined with a causative paraphrastic phrase to mean "and", "thus", and "in order to".

It should be noted there are no infinitive or gerundive forms of verbs. Adjectivized verbs need to be placed in relative clauses using relative pronouns, with the nominative or absolutive being used to mark the directionality of a verb. Nominalized verbs do exist, but must be formed paraphrastically, i.e. it must be put into a content clause with a dummy word meaning something along the lines of "action", or otherwise a word corresponding roughly with the verb in question. The same is not true of nouns becoming verbs, which can be done through a simpler morphological process.
[[Category:Language]]

'Arborese

2026-08-06T14:32:30Z

Jutomi: ml

{{Infobox language|name='Arborese|family=Unknown|era=today|scripts=None (Latin)|country=[['Arbor 'Iland]]|number=only a couple dozen; critically endangered|usage=rare; in private, chiefly among elders|lang-code=arb|demonym='Arborese}}

'Arborese (sometimes spelled ''Arborese''; no endonym documented) is a critically endangered language seldom spoken in the volcanic island territory of [['Arbor 'Iland]]. It is believed to be weakly agglutinative, although not much is known about its grammar at this time.

== Phonetics ==
Arborese features a fairly minimalist phonemic inventory, with only three vowels and 11 consonants, though there is a degree of free variation and allophony depending on where a sound appears in a word, syllable or utterance, as well as 12 "combined vowels" that appear as diphthongs or long monophthongs.

=== Phonotactics ===
The syllable structure is (C)V(V)(C). Any consonant phoneme may start a syllable, but only /n/, /g/, /ʒ/, /d~ʔ/, /f/ and /z/ can appear in coda.

There are estimated to be 288 total possible syllables; properly including long monophthongs and diphthongs, up to 1,152. (Although there may be nearly twice as many including stress and position of the syllable within a word.)

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!Bilabial
!Alveolar
!Postalveolar
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
!Nasal / Click
|/m/ Mm
|/n/ Nn
|/ǀ/ [ᶢʇ~ᵏǂ] Tt
|
|∅ ∅/-
|-
!Stop
|/b/ [β̞] Bb
|/d/ [t̺~l~ɾ] Dd
| rowspan="2" |/ʒ/ [d͡ʒ] Cc
| rowspan="2" |/g/ [ɣ~ç~j~ʀ] Gg
|/ʔ/ '
|-
!Fricative
|/f/ Ff
|/z/ [z̪] Zz
|/h/ [ɦ] Hh
|}
- /d/ is usually [ɾ] or sometimes [d̺], but is [l~ɾ] (Ll not [ǀ]) invervocally and word-initially, making "adua" and "a lua" usually phonetically distinct, although speakers sometimes pronounce them interchangeably.

- Similarly, /b/ is [ɓ~p] word-initially, [β̞] word-medially, [b̚] in word-medial codas, [b] word-finally, and [(b̚)m̩] utterance-finally.

- /g/ appears as [g] word-initially, [j] in word-medial onsets in clusters, [g~ç] in word-medial codas in clusters, [ɣ~ç] in intervocal word-medial codas, and [ʁ~ʀ] in intervocal word-medial onsets, and [

- /ʒ/ is really [d͡ʒ] in most environments, only surfacing as [ʒ] wordmedially in some clusters and intervocally. /ʒ/ was chosen because it's simpler to write and sometimes more accurate than /d͡ʒ/.

- /f/ becomes [ɸ] before /ɔ/, including diphthongs, as well as utterance-finally, where it may be considered somewhat syllabic in nature, as with /z/ and /ʒ/.

- [ʔ] is frequently lowered to a creaky stop or coloring of a lengthened vowel or liquid [ ̰ ]/[ʔ̆] as a word-medial onset and utterance-finally.

- Coda /d~ʔ/ is hard to describe, since it's ''usually'' [ʔ] word-medially, but is believed to have come from /d/, for which [d] still exists in some environments, predominantly word-finally. Most linguists tend to use both phonemes depending on the context, though some use an archiphonemic /D/. Others still propose using /t/. It is always represented with <d> in romanization.

- Conversely, coda [n] is widely analyzed as simply /n/, even thought allophonically it can appear as [m].

- /ǀ/ is a general click and while usually dental may appear as a palatal or alveolar click. It is tenuis, with a velar release, by default, but can become glottalized (or implosive) or nasalized in several environments.

- - It is generally a relatively weak click, with the velar component in tenuis clicks sometimes being just as audible as the click itself.

- - Many prefer to use [ʇ] for /ǀ/ in phonetic descriptions to avoid confusion with word-initial /d/ [l].

- /o/ frequently is voiceless or disappears between /z/ and before /z/ or /ʒ/, most often being realized as something akin to [s͡s͜ʷs] and [ʃ͡ʃ͜ʷʃ] respectively.

- - A similar process happens between two /f/s, although in this case the realization is more likely [fɵ̥f].

- Voicing is non-contrastive, although /m/, /n/, and word-medial intervocalic /b/ and /d/ tend to be voiced, while other phonemes are most likely slack voice, sometimes pronounced voiced or voiceless in free variation, with utterance-final sounds generally being fully voiceless (and glottal stops being their own thing). A more narrow transcription of these sounds would be /b̥ d̥ v̥ z̥ ʒ̊ g̊ ɦ̥ ᶢ̥ǀ/.

Below is a table of some of the more common realizations of morphological syllable clusters, although some sounds and especially voicing are fairly loose. Sounds separated by ~ indicate common free variation, while sounds after a comma indicate interactions across word boundaries. (~, indicates it's more common in the latter environment but there's some free variation.)
{| class="wikitable"
!Coda + Onset
!C + /m/
!C + /n/
!C + /ǀ/
!C + /b/
!C + /d/
!C + /ʒ/
!C + /g/
!C + /f/
!C + /z/
!C + /h/
!C + /ʔ/
!(C +) Vowel
!Word-Final C
!Utterance-Final C
|-
!Utterance-initial O
|m
|n
|ᵏǀ~ᵑǀ
|p~ɓ
|l~t
|t͡ʃ~d͡ʒ
|g~k
|f~ɸ
|z~s
|h:~ɦ
|ʔ
|∅ (j/w/ʕ̞)
|N/A
|N/A
|-
!Word-Initial O
|m
|n
|ᶢǀ~ᵏǀ
|b
|l
|d͡ʒ
|g~k
|f~ɸ
|z~s
|h~ɦ
|ʔ
|∅
|N/A
|N/A
|-
!Vowel (+ O)
|m
|n
|ᶢǀ~ᵏǀ
|β̞
|l~ɾ~d
|ʒ
|ʁ~ʀ
|f~ɸ
|z~s
|ɦ
|̰ ~ʔ̆
|see: vowels
|∅
|∅~h~ʔ
|-
!n + O
|nm
|nn
|ᵑǀ~,nᶢǀ
|nβ̞ ~, nb~mb
|nd, nɺ
|nd͡ʒ
|nj~nç, ng
|mv~nf
|nz~nd͡z
|nɦ
|nʔ̆, nʔ
|n
|n
|n
|-
!f + O
|fm
|fn
|fᵑǀ~,fᶢǀ
|fβ̞ ~, fp~ɓ
|fd~ft, fɺ
|fd͡ʒ
|fj, fg~fk
|fʷf
|fs~fz
|fɦ~vh
|fʔ̆, fʔ
|f~ɸ
|f
|ɸ~ů
|-
!z + O
|zm
|zn
|zᵑǀ~,zᶢǀ
|zβ̞ , zb
|zd, zɺ
|zd͡ʒ
|zj, zg~sk
|zf~sf
|zʷz~sʷs
|zh~sɦ
|zʔ̆, zʔ~sʔ
|z~s
|z~s
|s
|-
!c + O
|ʒm, d͡ʒm
|ʒn, d͡ʒn
|ʒᵑǀ~,d͡ʒᶢǀ
|ʒβ̞ , d͡ʒb
|(d͡)ʒd, ʃɺ
|d͡ʒd͡ʒ~ʃt͡ʃ~ʃʷʃ
|ʒj, d͡ʒ~t͡ʃk
|ʒf~,t͡ʃf
|ʒʷʒ~ʃʷʃ
|ʒh, d͡ʒɦ
|ʒʔ̆~d͡ʒʔ̆, t͡ʃʔ
|t͡ʃ~d͡ʒ
|d͡ʒ
|t͡ʃ~ʃ
|-
!g + O
|gm~ʁm, ɣm
|gn~ʁn, ɣn
|ᵏǀˀ~,ǀ͡ɠ
|gβ̞~ʁw ~, ɣb
|gd~ʁd, ɣɺ
|gʒ~ɣd͡ʒ~,ɣd͡ʒ~ʃt͡ʃ
|ʔj~ʔɣ, çk
|gf~ʁf, ɣf
|d͡z, ɣz~ʁz
|kh~ʁh, ç
|gʔ~ʁʔ, ɣʔ
|ɣ~ç
|ɣ~ç
|ɣ~ç
|-
!d/' + O
|ʔm, dm
|ʔn, dn
|ᵏǀˀ~,ǀ͡ɠ
|ʔβ̞~ɓ, db
|ʔd~ɗ, dɺ
|ʔʒ~ʔt͡ʃ, ɾ.d͡ʒ
|ʔg~ɠ, dg
|ʔf, df
|ʔz~t͡s~,d.z
|dh~ʔh
|dʔ~ɾʔ
|ʔd~ɗ
|ɾ
|̰ ~ʔ̆
|-
!b + O
|ʔm, bm
|b̚n~mn ~, bn
|mᵑǀ͡ɠ~, b̚ᶢǀ
|mb~ɓ
|b̚d~m͊d,mɺ
|bʒ~mʒ~,b̚d͡ʒ
|b̚ɣ~bʁ, b̚g
|b̚f~pf ~, bf
|bz
|bh
|bʔ~p'
|b
|b
|b̚~m̩
|}
This phonetically creates a distinct [ᵑǀ], [ǀˀ], [sʷs], [ʃʷʃ], [fʷf~fɵ̥f], [b], [d͡ʒ], [ɣ], [j], [ʁ], and [ʔ̆], and non- or semi-distinct [b̚~m͊], [m̩], [n:] [ɓ], [ɗ], [ɠ], [ǀ͡ɠ], [ɸ] and [t͡s]. None of these are considered phonemic.

=== Vowels ===
'Arborese features four vowels: /a/ Aa, /e/ Ee, and /o/ Oo. Each of these may combine into a different diphthong or lengthened monophthongs, as shown in the below table.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Front
!Open
!Back
|-
!Unstressed Short
|/e/ [ɪ~ɨ] e
|/a/ [ɐ] a
|/o/ [ɔ] o
|-
!Stressed Short
|[i:] (iə̆~ɨ:) e
|[ɜ:] a
|[ɔ:~ɒ:] o
|-
!V + ɪ
|[ɪ:] (e:~i:) ee
|[aɛ̆] ae
|[ʊɪ̆~ɘɪ̆] oi
|-
!V + ɐ
|[ɛă] ea
|[a:~ɛ:] aa
|[ɔa~oɑ̆) oa
|-
!V + ɔ
|[ɪʊ̆~ɨɔ̆] eo
|[aɔ̆] ao
|[o:~ʊə̆] oo
|-
!Utterance-initially
|([j] +) V
|([ʕ̞] +) V
|([w] +) V
|}
In addition, some argue that these can further combine into triphthongs or glides with lengthened monophthongs, although most agree they are realizations of vowel or diphthong hiatus. Additionally, two monophthongs across word boundaries are believed to have a true vowel hiatus and not become a diphthong.

=== Stress ===
The first syllable of a polysyllabic words is generally stressed, unless the second syllable is heavier. (C)V is lighter than CVV / CVC, which are both lighter than CVVC; i.e. ''eno'', ''eenon,'' and ''faongaed'' would be stress-initial, but ''anoa, zomed, gaomead,'' and ''hazfeen'' would be second-syllable stress. For words that are three syllables or longer, the third syllable may be stressed if it is heavier than both of the prior two syllables.

Words that are four or five syllables long have secondary stress on the penultimate syllable, and have stressed syllables every even number of syllables beforehand up until (and including) the second syllable after the initial stressed syllable: i.e. ''Mafoanaazameegananoen'' would be [ma'foa.na:.zɐˌme:gɐˌnɐ:.nɔɪn]. Note that two stressed syllables cannot appear next to one another within the same word.

For single-syllable words, CV and CVC words are generally unstressed, while CVV and CVVC words are generally stressed. ''Mae gae zau ne bo fe meneo'' would be ['mae.'gae.'zau.ne.bo.fe.me.'nɪʊ̆]

Short monophthongs (/e/ /a/ /o/) that are stressed become long vowels. These are different from both double vowels (/ee/ /aa/ /oo/), which are long and have a different vowel quality, and two vowels across word boundaries (/e e/ /a a/ /o o/), which are technically two short vowels which can both be independently stressed or unstressed. Long vowels and diphthongs retain the same length, but are pronounced with an "unstressed" pitch.

Aside from lengthening short vowels in open syllables, stressed syllables can also see a change in pitch relative to unstressed syllables, depending on intonation.

=== Intonation ===
Across a whole sentence, if the general tone is flat, it's probably an indicative. If, however, across a whole sentence, the stressed syllables are (most often) falling tones - starting at a higher pitch and ending on a lower pitch, it can indicates narration, poetry, or answer to an affirmative question. Exaggerated pitch falling across the sentence may indicate a strong affirmation or emotional state. Unless exaggerated, the final stressed syllable is generally a level low tone, and indeed the second-final stressed syllable is also often a level low tone.

Conversely, a raise in pitch across the whole sentence - that is, unstressed syllables are a level high pitch while stressed syllables start lower and rise to the unstressed pitch - may indicate as a polite correction or an answer to a no question, although can otherwise act as a way of highlighting important information or as a form of excitement or anxiety. When exaggerated, it can indicate surprise, a dubitative, disbelief, or persuasion of an outcome that is counterintuitive. When only the final stressed syllable in a clause is rising - and any unstressed vowels afterward are high tone - it indicates a form of incompleteness, and can function as a pause between clauses, while exaggerated can indicate a question. (similar to a comma in French). Unlike with falling tone intonation, every stressed syllable features the rising tone.

Emphasis on an individual pitch can indicate emphasis on a single word, somewhat similar to English, although it's generally only used for surprise or otherwise act to highlight the topic when answering or asking a yes/no interrogative, the latter of which may also end in a high pitch specifically on the final unstressed syllable (or rising if the final syllable is stressed).

=== Romanization ===
'Arborese does not feature its own alphabet, and the Latin script has been adopted to cover it, although in day-to-day use things are rarely written down in Arborese and linguists tend to use the IPA.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Letter
|Aa
|Bb
|Cc
|Dd
|Ee
|Ff
|Gg
|Hh
|Mm
|Nn
|Oo
|Tt
|Zz
|'
| -
|-
!Ipa
|/a/
|/b/
|/ʒ/
|/d/, -/ʔ/*
|/e/
|/f/
|/g/
|/h/
|/m/
|/n/
|/o/
|/ǀ/
|/z/
|/ʔ/
|Null Onset after Codas
|}
In romanization, , . ? and ! are frequently used, since they also affect intonation. ! is sometimes put before the first word to indicate a negative answer/correction, while ''italicization'' may be used for emphasized words. !? is also fairly commonplace, while ‽ may be used by interrobang purists. (''example:'' !No, he eatn't the ''bread!?'')

== Grammar ==
'Arborese is a fairly analytical, head-initial SVO language with weak agglutination. It has two noun cases, five verb tenses, and a host of auxiliary and compound verbs used to indicate a rich host of additional aspects, moods, and more specific meanings.

=== Nouns ===
Nouns in 'Arborese are fairly straightforward, since there is no grammatical gender, and only three noun cases. The two non-disputed cases are the nominative and prepositional.

Nominative nouns are not marked, and are utilized for both the nominative and accusative in a sentence, as the language has a strict SVO word order.

Prepositional nouns are usually created by adding a vowel (usually ''e'') after the final onset, although if this syllable is either a diphthong or is open and would come after a stressed syllable if applied, usually ends in -e after a vowel (replacing diphthongs) and -a after a consonant. (fe -> fee, mofo -> mofeo, mofoo -> mofoe, mendeg -> mendeeg, faaso -> faasoe, moan -> moana). There are some exceptions however (gema -> gemae). Proper nouns simply end in an additional -a, as is the case with some loan words and some other words. The prepositional noun is used in prepositional phrases, and is used for locative, genitive, dative, and instrumental constructions. When present without a preposition, it can be used as a vocative or as a disjunctive used for emphasis.

Another way of creating emphasis is through reduplication of the final onset and its proceeding vowel, which surfaces as a separate word (''dagan -> dagan ga''). It is also affected by prepositional markers and plural marking (''dagean ge'', ''daganon gooan);'' note that the reduplication is C''oo''V''n''. This emphatic word can also be used as a reflexive pronoun when it used for a subject and appears after a verb, effectively turning it into a reflexive object marker. (i.e. ''dagean ge ofab'' is emphatic while ''dagean ofab ge'' is reflexive). Reduplication of the entire first syllable of a plural noun is instead reciprocal in nature, acting as a simple third-person pronoun (i.e. ''dageanon ofab dag'' vs. ''dageanon ofab gooan''). The emphatic can also be used to differentiate homophones being used together in a sentence, with emphasis often placed on a more animate one; some linguists argue this could already be analyzed as a form of grammatical gender, as though it is generally not used except when multiple homophones are used in a sentence, it has been documented in regular speech by at least one individual.

=== Pronouns ===
Pronouns in 'Arborese are fairly complex, since there is no simple third person definitive pronoun. Instead, pronouns are constructed by taking the first syllable of a word. For example, ''dagean'' would be ''dag.'' These pronouns act as a simple third-person pronoun as well as a reciprocal pronoun (i.e. an action is performed among other individuals of the same thing), but can be used as a reciprocal pronoun for plurals. There are indeed some instances where these pronouns may be confused with a separate, monosyllabic noun, in which case the emphatic is used for clarification if it is, in fact, a new noun.

Other pronouns include "I/me", "You"(pl), "Us/We", "You"(pl), and a generic "it/they/them" for when a third person pronoun is unknown. There are also prepositional and distinct emphatic constructions for these pronouns.; note that third person pronouns take the root and add -''ne'' or -''e'' to the end of the word.

There are also interrogative pronouns which are also used for relative clauses, including "what (inanimate)", "what/who (animate)", "who", "which/what (adjectival)", "where" - which can combine with prepositions to mean "how / whence", and "why / whither", and "when / how many/much", which is used with prepositions to indicate "how long from now / ago" or "how much more was there / is needed".

=== Verbs ===
Verbs come in many varieties of tense, aspect, and mood. The default realis/stative verb may be in a present or past progressive or perfective, as well as a distant past. The past progressive can also be used as an experiential. The present perfective indicates that an action was just completed, or is about to be completed, and may be thought of as a recent-past or near-future. It also can be used as a momentative or instant action.

Verbs may also appear in subordinate mood, which is just a realis mood that appears in subordinate clauses (especially relative clauses), as well as when in auxiliary constructions, and can appear in all tense/aspect distinctions. They also may be irrealis going into independent clauses to indicate a hypothetical, abilitative, desiderative, conditional "then" clause, or in some cases an implied "should", and can also appear in all tenses except for the remote past; on its own it can also be utilized in the non-past as a hortative or imperative. The subjunctive, then, is the subordinate version of the hypothetical mood, being an irrealis verb in dependent clauses and after auxiliary verbs, as well as going into conditional "if" clauses.

There are also a large number of other constructions that further specify moods, aspect, and evidentiality. For example, the word "be" (which is also "have") can be tacked onto the end of a present or past verb to indicate either a jussive, emphatic deductive, or, for progressive verbs, gnomic, while in the far past it implies a super remote, likely untenable past. This is relatively analogous to "must" in English. When irrealis, it implies an obligation that is not being carried out, acting as a sort of simultaneous jussive and dubitative, or as an unfulfilled obligative or optative, thus often being called a "counterfactual", while in the far past it can also imply ancient fables or myths. This often corresponds to "should (but isn't/didn't)" in English.

While both the core verb and the auxiliary are both marked the same for realis vs. irrealis and surbordination, as well as tense, both may be coded for ''aspect'' separately. This can drastically change the basic meaning of the verb, and in fact allows for only a small handful of auxiliary verbs to perform numerous functions. Note that auxiliary verbs modifying a verb in the remote past are in either the past perfective or past progressive aspect.

For example, the while the above paragraph provided information on "be" in the progressive, "be" in the perfective means something entirely different, functioning as a valency decreasing operation, much like English, acting as either a passive (I was hit) or an antipassive (I hit [it]), depending on if the subject is nominative or absolutive, being a logical extension that a one-off action was ordained by something else, implying low volition.

Another common auxiliary verb that creates a rich set of aspectual distinctions is "hold", which can, depending on its tense pairings, be used to indicate a habitual (progressive progressive), frequentative (progressive perfective), transitional [inchoative/cessative] (perfective progressive), or iterative (perfective perfective), along with turning a far past into a far past progressive, habitual, or gnomic.

Another common verb is "go", which has further has a lot of nuance. In the progressive, it acts as an conative (with no results) when paired with a past verb, or as a quasi-future with a present verb. It similarly acts as a broader a mindset to try to do something repeatedly or for a long time when paired with a progressive verb - functioning somewhat as an atelic verb (i.e. "search" or "look for" instead of "find"). Meanwhile, in the perfective, it is used as an assumptive, which in the irrealis mood indicates a dubitative. In the distant past, this instead indicates a previously held assumption about a past event.

The last verb that is commonly used as an auxiliary is "wear". In the perfective it indicates know-how, an experiential, or abilitative - specifically abilitative with good skill. This only exists in the realis modality. In the imperfective, it functions more as an evidential marker, indicating that it's quite apparent if not obvious that someone did something. This functions as something of an inferential, and is different from a realis or irrealis stative mood. It should be noted in both of these cases that in the irrealis, they can be used to indicate suspicion and further function as an assumptive based on appearance or actions, rather than truly knowing someone. . Uniquely, the remote past of the deductive/assumptive acts as a ''habitual'' marker, similar to ''has been'' in English, indicating the verb is and has long been the case; it more indicates that it's quite apparent ''now'' based on something that must've been going on for ''some time''. It should be noted that ''wear'' can serve similar functions when used as a full verb instead of an auxiliary, indicating something is obvious or someone knows something with great detail, in addition to simply wearing clothes.

Other common auxiliaries include need (irrealis only: perfective indicates absolute necessity, progressive indicates strong desiderative), emotional verbs such as fear (i.e. afraid of an action that hasn't happened yet, or "of Xing"; for actions that have occurred, see coverbs and causals below, or otherwise it'll appear in a subordinate clause. Irrealis only), fall (progressive or perfective act of failing to do something, turning it negative; irrealis indicates probablistic or assumptive failure), start (progressive/perfective inchoative), stop (cessative progressive/perfective with the intention of not returning), lay ([short-term and long-term process] cessative with the intention of returning; no inchoative counterpart), see (learning how to do something), lose (forgetting how to or losing the ability to do something, or ceasing long-term against one's will), obtain/achieve (do well in perfective, trying hard and likely succeeding in progressive; realis with perfective, irrealis with progressive), and a pair of auxiliaries that don't map onto another verb that essentially act as a confirmative or negative (perfective only).

Below is a table of the primary verbal conjugations accompanied by auxiliaries:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Verbs
!Aux. Aspect
!Realis/Irrealis
!Non-Past Progressive
!Past Progressive
!Non-Past Perfective
!Past Perfective
!Remote Past
|-
| rowspan="4" |Verb
| rowspan="2" |Independent
|''Realis (Stative)''
|present progressive/continuous
|past progressive/imperfective
|(near-)present perfective
|past perfective
|remote past simple/perfective
|-
|''Irrealis (Hypothetical)''
| colspan="5" |''hypothetical, abilitative, weak deontic, desiderative, hortative, conditional, permissive, or (in present) imperative versions of the above''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Dependent
|''Realis (Subordinate)''
| colspan="5" rowspan="2" |''Same as above but for dependent clauses; conditional "if" clauses''
|-
|''Irrealis (Subjunctive)''
|-
| rowspan="4" |Be/Have + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
|jussive/deductive NP.PROG; gnomic
|Jus/Ded. P.PROG; past gnomic
|Jus/Ded NP.PFV
|Jus/Ded P.PFV
|distant past jussive / deductive
|-
|''Irrealis''
|optative imperfective
|unfulfilled progressive
|optative perffective
|unfulfilled PFV
|ancient fable or legend
|-
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" rowspan="2" |''Low-Volitition Detransitiviser (Passive / Antipassive) of normal verbs''
|-
|''Irrealis''
|-
| rowspan="4" |Hold + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
|present habitual
|past habitual
|present frequentative
|past frequentative
|remote past continuous/habitual
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''irrealis versions of above''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
|''Realis''
|present durative (long continuous)
|past durative
|(near-)present iterative
|past iterative
|remote past transitional
|-
|''Irrealis*''
| colspan="5" |''irrealis versions of above, although never really used''
|-
| rowspan="4" |Go + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
|present atelic / prog. conative/future
|past atelic / cont. conative
|present perf.con/fut.
|past perf.conative
|remote past conative
|-
|''Irrealis (uncommon)''
| colspan="4" |''dubitative versions of the above; uncommon''
|ancient hypothetical (rare)
|-
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" |''evidential or knowledge-based assumptive versions of the realis stative verbs''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''dubitative versions of the realis stative verbs''
|-
| rowspan="3" |Wear + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
| colspan="4" |''emphatic deductive of the realis stative verbs''
|''EMPH+.DED/INFR NP.HAB''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="4" |''non-evidential weak assumptive of the realis stative verb''
|''weak assumptive pres. habitual''
|-
|Perfective
|''Realis (exclusive)''
| colspan="5" |''emphatic abilitative/experiential of the realis stative verb''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Need + Verb
|Progressive
| rowspan="2" |''Irrealis (exclusive)''
| colspan="5" |''necessitative of the realis stative verb''
|-
|Perfective
| colspan="5" |''emphatic desiderative of the realis stative verb''
|-
| rowspan="4" |Fall + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" |''imperfective failing at doing something''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''imperfective probable or assumptive failure at doing something; dubitative with the assumption that an attempt was made''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" |''perfective failure to do something''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''perfective probable or assumptive failure at doing something; dubitative with the assumption that an attempt was made''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Start + Verb
|Progressive
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''progressive/durational inchoative version realis and irrealis stative verbs; present can indicate a near future''
|-
|Perfective
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''perfective inchoative version realis and irrealis stative verbs''
|-
|Stop + Verb
|Both
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''cessative versions of the above inchoative with the intention of stopping permanently''
|-
|Lay + Verb
|Both
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''cessative versions of the above inchoative with the intention of stopping temporarily''
|-
|See + Verb
|Both
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''progressive or perfective, realis or irrealis, act of learning how to do a verb''
|-
|Lose + Verb
|Both
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''progressive or perfective, realis or irrealis, act of forgetting how or losing the ability to do a verb, or otherwise stopping long-term against one's will''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Obtain/Achieve
+ Verb
|Progressive
|''Irrealis (exclusive)''
| colspan="5" |''likely near-future successful attemptative of the realis stative verbs''
|-
|Perfective
|''Realis (exclusive)''
| colspan="5" |''excellent version of the realis stative verbs''
|-
| rowspan="4" |Grab + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" |''voluntarily in the process of switching to doing something or becoming apparent that one was responsible for an action''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''involuntarily in the process of switching to doing something or becoming apparent that one was responsible for an action''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" |''voluntarily doing or done an action in place of something else''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''involuntarily doing or done an action in place of something else''
|-
|Release + Verb
|Both
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''same as above, but for the process or no longer doing an action''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Change + Verb
|Progressive
| rowspan="2" |''Realis (exclusive)''
| colspan="5" |''switching from an old task to a new task''
|-
|Perfective
| colspan="5" |''altering how a task is being performed''
|-
| rowspan="2" |''Is/Didn't'' + Verb
(Origin Unclear)
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
(exclusive)
|''Realis-Affirmative''
| colspan="5" |''affirmative positive when put before a verb when answering a question; affirmative negative when before a negative verb''
|-
|''Irrealis-Negative''
| colspan="5" |''anti-affirmative when put before a verb, with the positive or negative of the verb reflecting what actually happened''
|}
In addition, the auxiliary ''be'' may appear before both wear and hold, although this only acts as a detransitiviser, and agrees with the aspect of the following auxiliary verb. The affirmative/negative auxiliaries may also appear before any other auxiliary verb, including be; this allows affirmatives and negatives that are uncertain or unlikely. ''Start, Stop, Lay, Take Over,'' ''Rest,'' and ''Change'' may also be used before some other auxiliary verbs (including be + another auxiliary) and can appear with independent aspect markers.

Several adverbs may also be used, as well as number to indicate number of times something has been done (in the nominative; the absolutive it implies for the nth time).

Then there are some suffixes that are adverbial in nature but tack onto the verb, including the dependent verb. These can include "surprisingly", "suddenly", "quickly", "slowly", "again" or "re", and "not". The irrealis modifier may also be thought of as a "maybe" or "could" adverb, but given its versatility in modifying moods and aspects, and its ability to be placed on auxiliaries, it is generally considered an inherent verb modality. There also exist coverbial functions, such as "while", "after", and "before", which can be combined with a causative paraphrastic phrase to mean "and", "thus", and "in order to".

It should be noted there are no infinitive or gerundive forms of verbs. Adjectivized verbs need to be placed in relative clauses using relative pronouns, with the nominative or absolutive being used to mark the directionality of a verb. Nominalized verbs do exist, but must be formed paraphrastically, i.e. it must be put into a content clause with a dummy word meaning something along the lines of "action", or otherwise a word corresponding roughly with the verb in question. The same is not true of nouns becoming verbs, which can be done through a simpler morphological process.
[[Category:Language]]

'Arborese

2026-08-05T22:17:30Z

Jutomi: semigenderified the emphatic ig

{{Infobox language|name='Arborese|family=Unknown|era=today|scripts=None (Latin)|country=[['Arbor 'Iland]]|number=only a couple dozen; critically endangered|usage=rare; in private, chiefly among elders|lang-code=arb|demonym='Arborese}}

'Arborese (sometimes spelled ''Arborese''; no endonym documented) is a critically endangered language seldom spoken in the volcanic island territory of [['Arbor 'Iland]]. It is believed to be weakly agglutinative, although not much is known about its grammar at this time.

== Phonetics ==
Arborese features a fairly minimalist phonemic inventory, with only three vowels and 11 consonants, though there is a degree of free variation and allophony depending on where a sound appears in a word, syllable or utterance, as well as 12 "combined vowels" that appear as diphthongs or long monophthongs.

=== Phonotactics ===
The syllable structure is (C)V(V)(C). Any consonant phoneme may start a syllable, but only /n/, /g/, /ʒ/, /d~ʔ/, /f/ and /z/ can appear in coda.

There are estimated to be 288 total possible syllables; properly including long monophthongs and diphthongs, up to 1,152. (Although there may be nearly twice as many including stress and position of the syllable within a word.)

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!Bilabial
!Alveolar
!Postalveolar
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
!Nasal / Click
|/m/ Mm
|/n/ Nn
|/ǀ/ [ᶢʇ~ᵏǂ] Tt
|
|∅ ∅/-
|-
!Stop
|/b/ [β̞] Bb
|/d/ [t̺~l~ɾ] Dd
| rowspan="2" |/ʒ/ [d͡ʒ] Cc
| rowspan="2" |/g/ [ɣ~ç~j~ʀ] Gg
|/ʔ/ '
|-
!Fricative
|/f/ Ff
|/z/ [z̪] Zz
|/h/ [ɦ] Hh
|}
- /d/ is usually [ɾ] or sometimes [d̺], but is [l~ɾ] (Ll not [ǀ]) invervocally and word-initially, making "adua" and "a lua" usually phonetically distinct, although speakers sometimes pronounce them interchangeably.

- Similarly, /b/ is [ɓ~p] word-initially, [β̞] word-medially, [b̚] in word-medial codas, [b] word-finally, and [(b̚)m̩] utterance-finally.

- /g/ appears as [g] word-initially, [j] in word-medial onsets in clusters, [g~ç] in word-medial codas in clusters, [ɣ~ç] in intervocal word-medial codas, and [ʁ~ʀ] in intervocal word-medial onsets, and [

- /ʒ/ is really [d͡ʒ] in most environments, only surfacing as [ʒ] wordmedially in some clusters and intervocally. /ʒ/ was chosen because it's simpler to write and sometimes more accurate than /d͡ʒ/.

- /f/ becomes [ɸ] before /ɔ/, including diphthongs, as well as utterance-finally, where it may be considered somewhat syllabic in nature, as with /z/ and /ʒ/.

- [ʔ] is frequently lowered to a creaky stop or coloring of a lengthened vowel or liquid [ ̰ ]/[ʔ̆] as a word-medial onset and utterance-finally.

- Coda /d~ʔ/ is hard to describe, since it's ''usually'' [ʔ] word-medially, but is believed to have come from /d/, for which [d] still exists in some environments, predominantly word-finally. Most linguists tend to use both phonemes depending on the context, though some use an archiphonemic /D/. Others still propose using /t/. It is always represented with <d> in romanization.

- Conversely, coda [n] is widely analyzed as simply /n/, even thought allophonically it can appear as [m].

- /ǀ/ is a general click and while usually dental may appear as a palatal or alveolar click. It is tenuis, with a velar release, by default, but can become glottalized (or implosive) or nasalized in several environments.

- - It is generally a relatively weak click, with the velar component in tenuis clicks sometimes being just as audible as the click itself.

- - Many prefer to use [ʇ] for /ǀ/ in phonetic descriptions to avoid confusion with word-initial /d/ [l].

- /o/ frequently is voiceless or disappears between /z/ and before /z/ or /ʒ/, most often being realized as something akin to [s͡s͜ʷs] and [ʃ͡ʃ͜ʷʃ] respectively.

- - A similar process happens between two /f/s, although in this case the realization is more likely [fɵ̥f].

- Voicing is non-contrastive, although /m/, /n/, and word-medial intervocalic /b/ and /d/ tend to be voiced, while other phonemes are most likely slack voice, sometimes pronounced voiced or voiceless in free variation, with utterance-final sounds generally being fully voiceless (and glottal stops being their own thing). A more narrow transcription of these sounds would be /b̥ d̥ v̥ z̥ ʒ̊ g̊ ɦ̥ ᶢ̥ǀ/.

Below is a table of some of the more common realizations of morphological syllable clusters, although some sounds and especially voicing are fairly loose. Sounds separated by ~ indicate common free variation, while sounds after a comma indicate interactions across word boundaries. (~, indicates it's more common in the latter environment but there's some free variation.)
{| class="wikitable"
!Coda + Onset
!C + /m/
!C + /n/
!C + /ǀ/
!C + /b/
!C + /d/
!C + /ʒ/
!C + /g/
!C + /f/
!C + /z/
!C + /h/
!C + /ʔ/
!(C +) Vowel
!Word-Final C
!Utterance-Final C
|-
!Utterance-initial O
|m
|n
|ᵏǀ~ᵑǀ
|p~ɓ
|l~t
|t͡ʃ~d͡ʒ
|g~k
|f~ɸ
|z~s
|h:~ɦ
|ʔ
|∅ (j/w/ʕ̞)
|N/A
|N/A
|-
!Word-Initial O
|m
|n
|ᶢǀ~ᵏǀ
|b
|l
|d͡ʒ
|g~k
|f~ɸ
|z~s
|h~ɦ
|ʔ
|∅
|N/A
|N/A
|-
!Vowel (+ O)
|m
|n
|ᶢǀ~ᵏǀ
|β̞
|l~ɾ~d
|ʒ
|ʁ~ʀ
|f~ɸ
|z~s
|ɦ
|̰ ~ʔ̆
|see: vowels
|∅
|∅~h~ʔ
|-
!n + O
|nm
|nn
|ᵑǀ~,nᶢǀ
|nβ̞ ~, nb~mb
|nd, nɺ
|nd͡ʒ
|nj~nç, ng
|mv~nf
|nz~nd͡z
|nɦ
|nʔ̆, nʔ
|n
|n
|n
|-
!f + O
|fm
|fn
|fᵑǀ~,fᶢǀ
|fβ̞ ~, fp~ɓ
|fd~ft, fɺ
|fd͡ʒ
|fj, fg~fk
|fʷf
|fs~fz
|fɦ~vh
|fʔ̆, fʔ
|f~ɸ
|f
|ɸ~ů
|-
!z + O
|zm
|zn
|zᵑǀ~,zᶢǀ
|zβ̞ , zb
|zd, zɺ
|zd͡ʒ
|zj, zg~sk
|zf~sf
|zʷz~sʷs
|zh~sɦ
|zʔ̆, zʔ~sʔ
|z~s
|z~s
|s
|-
!c + O
|ʒm, d͡ʒm
|ʒn, d͡ʒn
|ʒᵑǀ~,d͡ʒᶢǀ
|ʒβ̞ , d͡ʒb
|(d͡)ʒd, ʃɺ
|d͡ʒd͡ʒ~ʃt͡ʃ~ʃʷʃ
|ʒj, d͡ʒ~t͡ʃk
|ʒf~,t͡ʃf
|ʒʷʒ~ʃʷʃ
|ʒh, d͡ʒɦ
|ʒʔ̆~d͡ʒʔ̆, t͡ʃʔ
|t͡ʃ~d͡ʒ
|d͡ʒ
|t͡ʃ~ʃ
|-
!g + O
|gm~ʁm, ɣm
|gn~ʁn, ɣn
|ᵏǀˀ~,ǀ͡ɠ
|gβ̞~ʁw ~, ɣb
|gd~ʁd, ɣɺ
|gʒ~ɣd͡ʒ ~, ɣd͡ʒ~ʃt͡ʃ
|ʔj~ʔɣ, çk
|gf~ʁf, ɣf
|d͡z, ɣz~ʁz
|kh~ʁh, ç
|gʔ~ʁʔ, ɣʔ
|ɣ~ç
|ɣ~ç
|ɣ~ç
|-
!d/' + O
|ʔm, dm
|ʔn, dn
|ᵏǀˀ~,ǀ͡ɠ
|ʔβ̞~ɓ, db
|ʔd~ɗ, dɺ
|ʔʒ~ʔt͡ʃ, ɾ.d͡ʒ
|ʔg~ɠ, dg
|ʔf, df
|ʔz~t͡s~,d.z
|dh~ʔh
|dʔ~ɾʔ
|ʔd~ɗ
|ɾ
|̰ ~ʔ̆
|-
!b + O
|ʔm, bm
|b̚n~mn ~, bn
|mᵑǀ͡ɠ~, b̚ᶢǀ
|mb~ɓ
|b̚d~m͊d~,bd
|bʒ~mʒ~,b̚d͡ʒ
|b̚ɣ~bʁ, b̚g
|b̚f~pf ~, bf
|bz
|bh
|bʔ~p'
|b
|b
|b̚~m̩
|}
This phonetically creates a distinct [ᵑǀ], [ǀˀ], [sʷs], [ʃʷʃ], [fʷf~fɵ̥f], [b], [d͡ʒ], [ɣ], [j], [ʁ], and [ʔ̆], and non- or semi-distinct [b̚~m͊], [m̩], [n:] [ɓ], [ɗ], [ɠ], [ǀ͡ɠ], [ɸ] and [t͡s]. None of these are considered phonemic.

=== Vowels ===
'Arborese features four vowels: /a/ Aa, /e/ Ee, and /o/ Oo. Each of these may combine into a different diphthong or lengthened monophthongs, as shown in the below table.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Front
!Open
!Back
|-
!Unstressed Short
|/e/ [ɪ~ɨ] e
|/a/ [ɐ] a
|/o/ [ɔ] o
|-
!Stressed Short
|[i:] (iə̆~ɨ:) e
|[ɜ:] a
|[ɔ:~ɒ:] o
|-
!V + ɪ
|[ɪ:] (e:~i:) ee
|[aɛ̆] ae
|[ʊɪ̆~ɘɪ̆] oi
|-
!V + ɐ
|[ɛă] ea
|[a:~ɛ:] aa
|[ɔa~oɑ̆) oa
|-
!V + ɔ
|[ɪʊ̆~ɨɔ̆] eo
|[aɔ̆] ao
|[o:~ʊə̆] oo
|-
!Utterance-initially
|([j] +) V
|([ʕ̞] +) V
|([w] +) V
|}
In addition, some argue that these can further combine into triphthongs or glides with lengthened monophthongs, although most agree they are realizations of vowel or diphthong hiatus. Additionally, two monophthongs across word boundaries are believed to have a true vowel hiatus and not become a diphthong.

=== Stress ===
The first syllable of a polysyllabic words is generally stressed, unless the second syllable is heavier. (C)V is lighter than CVV / CVC, which are both lighter than CVVC; i.e. ''eno'', ''eenon,'' and ''faongaed'' would be stress-initial, but ''anoa, zomed, gaomead,'' and ''hazfeen'' would be second-syllable stress. For words that are three syllables or longer, the third syllable may be stressed if it is heavier than both of the prior two syllables.

Words that are four or five syllables long have secondary stress on the penultimate syllable, and have stressed syllables every even number of syllables beforehand up until (and including) the second syllable after the initial stressed syllable: i.e. ''Mafoanaazameegananoen'' would be [ma'foa.na:.zɐˌme:gɐˌnɐ:.nɔɪn]. Note that two stressed syllables cannot appear next to one another within the same word.

For single-syllable words, CV and CVC words are generally unstressed, while CVV and CVVC words are generally stressed. ''Mae gae zau ne bo fe meneo'' would be ['mae.'gae.'zau.ne.bo.fe.me.'nɪʊ̆]

Short monophthongs (/e/ /a/ /o/) that are stressed become long vowels. These are different from both double vowels (/ee/ /aa/ /oo/), which are long and have a different vowel quality, and two vowels across word boundaries (/e e/ /a a/ /o o/), which are technically two short vowels which can both be independently stressed or unstressed. Long vowels and diphthongs retain the same length, but are pronounced with an "unstressed" pitch.

Aside from lengthening short vowels in open syllables, stressed syllables can also see a change in pitch relative to unstressed syllables, depending on intonation.

=== Intonation ===
Across a whole sentence, if the general tone is flat, it's probably an indicative. If, however, across a whole sentence, the stressed syllables are (most often) falling tones - starting at a higher pitch and ending on a lower pitch, it can indicates narration, poetry, or answer to an affirmative question. Exaggerated pitch falling across the sentence may indicate a strong affirmation or emotional state. Unless exaggerated, the final stressed syllable is generally a level low tone, and indeed the second-final stressed syllable is also often a level low tone.

Conversely, a raise in pitch across the whole sentence - that is, unstressed syllables are a level high pitch while stressed syllables start lower and rise to the unstressed pitch - may indicate as a polite correction or an answer to a no question, although can otherwise act as a way of highlighting important information or as a form of excitement or anxiety. When exaggerated, it can indicate surprise, a dubitative, disbelief, or persuasion of an outcome that is counterintuitive. When only the final stressed syllable in a clause is rising - and any unstressed vowels afterward are high tone - it indicates a form of incompleteness, and can function as a pause between clauses, while exaggerated can indicate a question. (similar to a comma in French). Unlike with falling tone intonation, every stressed syllable features the rising tone.

Emphasis on an individual pitch can indicate emphasis on a single word, somewhat similar to English, although it's generally only used for surprise or otherwise act to highlight the topic when answering or asking a yes/no interrogative, the latter of which may also end in a high pitch specifically on the final unstressed syllable (or rising if the final syllable is stressed).

=== Romanization ===
'Arborese does not feature its own alphabet, and the Latin script has been adopted to cover it, although in day-to-day use things are rarely written down in Arborese and linguists tend to use the IPA.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Letter
|Aa
|Bb
|Cc
|Dd
|Ee
|Ff
|Gg
|Hh
|Mm
|Nn
|Oo
|Tt
|Zz
|'
| -
|-
!Ipa
|/a/
|/b/
|/ʒ/
|/d/, -/ʔ/*
|/e/
|/f/
|/g/
|/h/
|/m/
|/n/
|/o/
|/ǀ/
|/z/
|/ʔ/
|Null Onset after Codas
|}
In romanization, , . ? and ! are frequently used, since they also affect intonation. ! is sometimes put before the first word to indicate a negative answer/correction, while ''italicization'' may be used for emphasized words. !? is also fairly commonplace, while ‽ may be used by interrobang purists. (''example:'' !No, he eatn't the ''bread!?'')

== Grammar ==
'Arborese is a fairly analytical, head-initial SVO language with weak agglutination. It has two noun cases, five verb tenses, and a host of auxiliary and compound verbs used to indicate a rich host of additional aspects, moods, and more specific meanings.

=== Nouns ===
Nouns in 'Arborese are fairly straightforward, since there is no grammatical gender, and only three noun cases. The two non-disputed cases are the nominative and prepositional.

Nominative nouns are not marked, and are utilized for both the nominative and accusative in a sentence, as the language has a strict SVO word order.

Prepositional nouns are usually created by adding a vowel (usually ''e'') after the final onset, although if this syllable is either a diphthong or is open and would come after a stressed syllable if applied, usually ends in -e after a vowel (replacing diphthongs) and -a after a consonant. (fe -> fee, mofo -> mofeo, mofoo -> mofoe, mendeg -> mendeeg, faaso -> faasoe, moan -> moana). There are some exceptions however (gema -> gemae). Proper nouns simply end in an additional -a, as is the case with some loan words and some other words. The prepositional noun is used in prepositional phrases, and is used for locative, genitive, dative, and instrumental constructions. When present without a preposition, it can be used as a vocative or as a disjunctive used for emphasis.

Another way of creating emphasis is through reduplication of the final onset and its proceeding vowel, which surfaces as a separate word (''dagan -> dagan ga''). It is also affected by prepositional markers and plural marking (''dagean ge'', ''daganon gooan);'' note that the reduplication is C''oo''V''n''. This emphatic word can also be used as a reflexive pronoun when it used for a subject and appears after a verb, effectively turning it into a reflexive object marker. (i.e. ''dagean ge ofab'' is emphatic while ''dagean ofab ge'' is reflexive). Reduplication of the entire first syllable of a plural noun is instead reciprocal in nature, acting as a simple third-person pronoun (i.e. ''dageanon ofab dag'' vs. ''dageanon ofab gooan''). The emphatic can also be used to differentiate homophones being used together in a sentence, with emphasis often placed on a more animate one; some linguists argue this could already be analyzed as a form of grammatical gender, as though it is generally not used except when multiple homophones are used in a sentence, it has been documented in regular speech by at least one individual.

=== Pronouns ===
Pronouns in 'Arborese are fairly complex, since there is no simple third person definitive pronoun. Instead, pronouns are constructed by taking the first syllable of a word. For example, ''dagean'' would be ''dag.'' These pronouns act as a simple third-person pronoun as well as a reciprocal pronoun (i.e. an action is performed among other individuals of the same thing), but can be used as a reciprocal pronoun for plurals. There are indeed some instances where these pronouns may be confused with a separate, monosyllabic noun, in which case the emphatic is used for clarification if it is, in fact, a new noun.

Other pronouns include "I/me", "You"(pl), "Us/We", "You"(pl), and a generic "it/they/them" for when a third person pronoun is unknown. There are also prepositional and distinct emphatic constructions for these pronouns.; note that third person pronouns take the root and add -''ne'' or -''e'' to the end of the word.

There are also interrogative pronouns which are also used for relative clauses, including "what (inanimate)", "what/who (animate)", "who", "which/what (adjectival)", "where" - which can combine with prepositions to mean "how / whence", and "why / whither", and "when / how many/much", which is used with prepositions to indicate "how long from now / ago" or "how much more was there / is needed".

=== Verbs ===
Verbs come in many varieties of tense, aspect, and mood. The default realis/stative verb may be in a present or past progressive or perfective, as well as a distant past. The past progressive can also be used as an experiential. The present perfective indicates that an action was just completed, or is about to be completed, and may be thought of as a recent-past or near-future. It also can be used as a momentative or instant action.

Verbs may also appear in subordinate mood, which is just a realis mood that appears in subordinate clauses (especially relative clauses), as well as when in auxiliary constructions, and can appear in all tense/aspect distinctions. They also may be irrealis going into independent clauses to indicate a hypothetical, abilitative, desiderative, conditional "then" clause, or in some cases an implied "should", and can also appear in all tenses except for the remote past; on its own it can also be utilized in the non-past as a hortative or imperative. The subjunctive, then, is the subordinate version of the hypothetical mood, being an irrealis verb in dependent clauses and after auxiliary verbs, as well as going into conditional "if" clauses.

There are also a large number of other constructions that further specify moods, aspect, and evidentiality. For example, the word "be" (which is also "have") can be tacked onto the end of a present or past verb to indicate either a jussive, emphatic deductive, or, for progressive verbs, gnomic, while in the far past it implies a super remote, likely untenable past. This is relatively analogous to "must" in English. When irrealis, it implies an obligation that is not being carried out, acting as a sort of simultaneous jussive and dubitative, or as an unfulfilled obligative or optative, thus often being called a "counterfactual", while in the far past it can also imply ancient fables or myths. This often corresponds to "should (but isn't/didn't)" in English.

While both the core verb and the auxiliary are both marked the same for realis vs. irrealis and surbordination, as well as tense, both may be coded for ''aspect'' separately. This can drastically change the basic meaning of the verb, and in fact allows for only a small handful of auxiliary verbs to perform numerous functions. Note that auxiliary verbs modifying a verb in the remote past are in either the past perfective or past progressive aspect.

For example, the while the above paragraph provided information on "be" in the progressive, "be" in the perfective means something entirely different, functioning as a valency decreasing operation, much like English, acting as either a passive (I was hit) or an antipassive (I hit [it]), depending on if the subject is nominative or absolutive, being a logical extension that a one-off action was ordained by something else, implying low volition.

Another common auxiliary verb that creates a rich set of aspectual distinctions is "hold", which can, depending on its tense pairings, be used to indicate a habitual (progressive progressive), frequentative (progressive perfective), transitional [inchoative/cessative] (perfective progressive), or iterative (perfective perfective), along with turning a far past into a far past progressive, habitual, or gnomic.

Another common verb is "go", which has further has a lot of nuance. In the progressive, it acts as an conative (with no results) when paired with a past verb, or as a quasi-future with a present verb. It similarly acts as a broader a mindset to try to do something repeatedly or for a long time when paired with a progressive verb - functioning somewhat as an atelic verb (i.e. "search" or "look for" instead of "find"). Meanwhile, in the perfective, it is used as an assumptive, which in the irrealis mood indicates a dubitative. In the distant past, this instead indicates a previously held assumption about a past event.

The last verb that is commonly used as an auxiliary is "wear". In the perfective it indicates know-how, an experiential, or abilitative - specifically abilitative with good skill. This only exists in the realis modality. In the imperfective, it functions more as an evidential marker, indicating that it's quite apparent if not obvious that someone did something. This functions as something of an inferential, and is different from a realis or irrealis stative mood. It should be noted in both of these cases that in the irrealis, they can be used to indicate suspicion and further function as an assumptive based on appearance or actions, rather than truly knowing someone. . Uniquely, the remote past of the deductive/assumptive acts as a ''habitual'' marker, similar to ''has been'' in English, indicating the verb is and has long been the case; it more indicates that it's quite apparent ''now'' based on something that must've been going on for ''some time''. It should be noted that ''wear'' can serve similar functions when used as a full verb instead of an auxiliary, indicating something is obvious or someone knows something with great detail, in addition to simply wearing clothes.

Other common auxiliaries include need (irrealis only: perfective indicates absolute necessity, progressive indicates strong desiderative), emotional verbs such as fear (i.e. afraid of an action that hasn't happened yet, or "of Xing"; for actions that have occurred, see coverbs and causals below, or otherwise it'll appear in a subordinate clause. Irrealis only), fall (progressive or perfective act of failing to do something, turning it negative; irrealis indicates probablistic or assumptive failure), start (progressive/perfective inchoative), stop (cessative progressive/perfective with the intention of not returning), lay ([short-term and long-term process] cessative with the intention of returning; no inchoative counterpart), see (learning how to do something), lose (forgetting how to or losing the ability to do something, or ceasing long-term against one's will), obtain/achieve (do well in perfective, trying hard and likely succeeding in progressive; realis with perfective, irrealis with progressive), and a pair of auxiliaries that don't map onto another verb that essentially act as a confirmative or negative (perfective only).

Below is a table of the primary verbal conjugations accompanied by auxiliaries:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Verbs
!Aux. Aspect
!Realis/Irrealis
!Non-Past Progressive
!Past Progressive
!Non-Past Perfective
!Past Perfective
!Remote Past
|-
| rowspan="4" |Verb
| rowspan="2" |Independent
|''Realis (Stative)''
|present progressive/continuous
|past progressive/imperfective
|(near-)present perfective
|past perfective
|remote past simple/perfective
|-
|''Irrealis (Hypothetical)''
| colspan="5" |''hypothetical, abilitative, weak deontic, desiderative, hortative, conditional, permissive, or (in present) imperative versions of the above''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Dependent
|''Realis (Subordinate)''
| colspan="5" rowspan="2" |''Same as above but for dependent clauses; conditional "if" clauses''
|-
|''Irrealis (Subjunctive)''
|-
| rowspan="4" |Be/Have + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
|jussive/deductive NP.PROG; gnomic
|Jus/Ded. P.PROG; past gnomic
|Jus/Ded NP.PFV
|Jus/Ded P.PFV
|distant past jussive / deductive
|-
|''Irrealis''
|optative imperfective
|unfulfilled progressive
|optative perffective
|unfulfilled PFV
|ancient fable or legend
|-
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" rowspan="2" |''Low-Volitition Detransitiviser (Passive / Antipassive) of normal verbs''
|-
|''Irrealis''
|-
| rowspan="4" |Hold + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
|present habitual
|past habitual
|present frequentative
|past frequentative
|remote past continuous/habitual
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''irrealis versions of above''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
|''Realis''
|present durative (long continuous)
|past durative
|(near-)present iterative
|past iterative
|remote past transitional
|-
|''Irrealis*''
| colspan="5" |''irrealis versions of above, although never really used''
|-
| rowspan="4" |Go + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
|present atelic / prog. conative/future
|past atelic / cont. conative
|present perf.con/fut.
|past perf.conative
|remote past conative
|-
|''Irrealis (uncommon)''
| colspan="4" |''dubitative versions of the above; uncommon''
|ancient hypothetical (rare)
|-
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" |''evidential or knowledge-based assumptive versions of the realis stative verbs''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''dubitative versions of the realis stative verbs''
|-
| rowspan="3" |Wear + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
| colspan="4" |''emphatic deductive of the realis stative verbs''
|''EMPH+.DED/INFR NP.HAB''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="4" |''non-evidential weak assumptive of the realis stative verb''
|''weak assumptive pres. habitual''
|-
|Perfective
|''Realis (exclusive)''
| colspan="5" |''emphatic abilitative/experiential of the realis stative verb''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Need + Verb
|Progressive
| rowspan="2" |''Irrealis (exclusive)''
| colspan="5" |''necessitative of the realis stative verb''
|-
|Perfective
| colspan="5" |''emphatic desiderative of the realis stative verb''
|-
| rowspan="4" |Fall + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" |''imperfective failing at doing something''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''imperfective probable or assumptive failure at doing something; dubitative with the assumption that an attempt was made''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" |''perfective failure to do something''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''perfective probable or assumptive failure at doing something; dubitative with the assumption that an attempt was made''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Start + Verb
|Progressive
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''progressive/durational inchoative version realis and irrealis stative verbs; present can indicate a near future''
|-
|Perfective
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''perfective inchoative version realis and irrealis stative verbs''
|-
|Stop + Verb
|Both
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''cessative versions of the above inchoative with the intention of stopping permanently''
|-
|Lay + Verb
|Both
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''cessative versions of the above inchoative with the intention of stopping temporarily''
|-
|See + Verb
|Both
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''progressive or perfective, realis or irrealis, act of learning how to do a verb''
|-
|Lose + Verb
|Both
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''progressive or perfective, realis or irrealis, act of forgetting how or losing the ability to do a verb, or otherwise stopping long-term against one's will''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Obtain/Achieve
+ Verb
|Progressive
|''Irrealis (exclusive)''
| colspan="5" |''likely near-future successful attemptative of the realis stative verbs''
|-
|Perfective
|''Realis (exclusive)''
| colspan="5" |''excellent version of the realis stative verbs''
|-
| rowspan="4" |Grab + Verb
| rowspan="2" |Progressive
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" |''voluntarily in the process of switching to doing something or becoming apparent that one was responsible for an action''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''involuntarily in the process of switching to doing something or becoming apparent that one was responsible for an action''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
|''Realis''
| colspan="5" |''voluntarily doing or done an action in place of something else''
|-
|''Irrealis''
| colspan="5" |''involuntarily doing or done an action in place of something else''
|-
|Release + Verb
|Both
|''Both''
| colspan="5" |''same as above, but for the process or no longer doing an action''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Change + Verb
|Progressive
| rowspan="2" |''Realis (exclusive)''
| colspan="5" |''switching from an old task to a new task''
|-
|Perfective
| colspan="5" |''altering how a task is being performed''
|-
| rowspan="2" |''Is/Didn't'' + Verb
(Origin Unclear)
| rowspan="2" |Perfective
(exclusive)
|''Realis-Affirmative''
| colspan="5" |''affirmative positive when put before a verb when answering a question; affirmative negative when before a negative verb''
|-
|''Irrealis-Negative''
| colspan="5" |''anti-affirmative when put before a verb, with the positive or negative of the verb reflecting what actually happened''
|}
In addition, the auxiliary ''be'' may appear before both wear and hold, although this only acts as a detransitiviser, and agrees with the aspect of the following auxiliary verb. The affirmative/negative auxiliaries may also appear before any other auxiliary verb, including be; this allows affirmatives and negatives that are uncertain or unlikely. ''Start, Stop, Lay, Take Over,'' ''Rest,'' and ''Change'' may also be used before some other auxiliary verbs (including be + another auxiliary) and can appear with independent aspect markers.

Several adverbs may also be used, as well as number to indicate number of times something has been done (in the nominative; the absolutive it implies for the nth time).

Then there are some suffixes that are adverbial in nature but tack onto the verb, including the dependent verb. These can include "surprisingly", "suddenly", "quickly", "slowly", "again" or "re", and "not". The irrealis modifier may also be thought of as a "maybe" or "could" adverb, but given its versatility in modifying moods and aspects, and its ability to be placed on auxiliaries, it is generally considered an inherent verb modality. There also exist coverbial functions, such as "while", "after", and "before", which can be combined with a causative paraphrastic phrase to mean "and", "thus", and "in order to".

It should be noted there are no infinitive or gerundive forms of verbs. Adjectivized verbs need to be placed in relative clauses using relative pronouns, with the nominative or absolutive being used to mark the directionality of a verb. Nominalized verbs do exist, but must be formed paraphrastically, i.e. it must be put into a content clause with a dummy word meaning something along the lines of "action", or otherwise a word corresponding roughly with the verb in question. The same is not true of nouns becoming verbs, which can be done through a simpler morphological process.
[[Category:Language]]