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	<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Suqi</id>
	<title>Nguhcraft Wiki - User contributions [en-gb]</title>
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	<updated>2026-06-21T14:01:00Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_banned_players&amp;diff=39977</id>
		<title>List of banned players</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_banned_players&amp;diff=39977"/>
		<updated>2026-05-20T16:46:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This is a list of all the players that have been banned from [[Nguhcraft]] and why.&lt;br /&gt;
= During Season 1 =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This list is likely incomplete.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Garvey]] - antisemitism&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= During Season 2 =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This list is likely incomplete.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ponticello]] ([[Kasimir]]) - &amp;quot;very bad stuff&amp;quot; (specifics unknown)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Benny]] - domestic violence and racism&lt;br /&gt;
* [[John Stamos]] - [[The Great Heist|stealing]] from [[Enkavak]], [[Kozdenen]], and [[Þunan Qumreá]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[AstridoDorito]] - [[The Great Heist|stealing]] from [[Enkavak]], [[Kozdenen]], and [[Þunan Qumreá]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gagma A]] - leaking a minor&#039;s birth certificate&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Breel]] - stealing diamonds from [[Enkavak]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Nostalgiabricks]] - griefing a lot of places&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Dima]] - [[The Great Tantrum|vandalizing]] the [[Nguhcraft Wiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Qazw]] - [[The Great Tantrum|vandalizing]] the [[Nguhcraft Wiki]] and griefing [[Kozdenen]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[KateThePanPlate]] - repeated minor violations&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Zhiv]] - being disrespectful&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Fin]] - deletion of important [[United Ŋations]] document&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Foobar]] - repeated engagement in heated political discussion&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Blue595]] - stealing from a lot of places and admission of compulsion to do so&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Nate]] - griefing a ton of places for [[World War 2]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rivulé Rainworld]] - evading a mute with an alt account, was later unbanned for miscommunication&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_commands&amp;diff=39976</id>
		<title>List of commands</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_commands&amp;diff=39976"/>
		<updated>2026-05-20T16:27:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: /* Season 2 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Nguhcraft]] players have the ability to use certain commands. However, which ones they have had access to has changed between seasons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Season 1 &amp;amp; Early Season 2 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Season 1]] saw the most amount of commands:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/back&#039;&#039;&#039; - Returns you to the place you teleported from.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/home&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to the coordinates on which you set your home.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;/home bed&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to your bed.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/sethome&#039;&#039;&#039; - Sets a coordinate to teleport you to by typing /home. Admins are able to set multiple homes, but regular players can only set one.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/tpa&#039;&#039;&#039; - Sends a request to another player for you to teleport to them. A lack of response after a certain timeframe removes the request.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;/tpaccept&#039;&#039;&#039; - Accepts a player&#039;s request to teleport to you.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;/tpdeny&#039;&#039;&#039; - Denies a player&#039;s request to teleport to you.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/warp&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to a preset location. See [[List of Warps]] for locations players could warp to.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/wild&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to a random location within the world border. At some point in Season 2, this command stopped working since it would attempt to teleport a player outside the world border but end up failing. It was eventually removed.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/whisper&#039;&#039;&#039; - Sends a message to a certain player that no other can see.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Late Season 2 ==&lt;br /&gt;
In [[Season 2]], commands were greatly reduced to support travel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/here&#039;&#039;&#039; - Sends your XYZ coordinates in the chat.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/home&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to the coordinates on which you set your home.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;/home bed&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to your bed.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/sethome&#039;&#039;&#039; - Sets a coordinate to teleport you to by typing /home. Admins are able to set multiple homes, but regular players can only set one.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/tell&#039;&#039;&#039; - (Renamed from /whisper) sends a message to a certain player that no other can see.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/warp&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to a preset location. See [[List of Warps]] for locations players could warp to.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_commands&amp;diff=39975</id>
		<title>List of commands</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_commands&amp;diff=39975"/>
		<updated>2026-05-20T16:26:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: /* Season 2 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Nguhcraft]] players have the ability to use certain commands. However, which ones they have had access to has changed between seasons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Season 1 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Season 1]] saw the most amount of commands:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/back&#039;&#039;&#039; - Returns you to the place you teleported from.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/home&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to the coordinates on which you set your home.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;/home bed&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to your bed.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/sethome&#039;&#039;&#039; - Sets a coordinate to teleport you to by typing /home. Admins are able to set multiple homes, but regular players can only set one.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/tpa&#039;&#039;&#039; - Sends a request to another player for you to teleport to them. A lack of response after a certain timeframe removes the request.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;/tpaccept&#039;&#039;&#039; - Accepts a player&#039;s request to teleport to you.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;/tpdeny&#039;&#039;&#039; - Denies a player&#039;s request to teleport to you.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/warp&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to a preset location. See [[List of Warps]] for locations players could warp to.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/wild&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to a random location within the world border. &lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/whisper&#039;&#039;&#039; - Sends a message to a certain player that no other can see.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Season 2 ==&lt;br /&gt;
In [[Season 2]], commands were greatly reduced to support travel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/here&#039;&#039;&#039; - Sends your XYZ coordinates in the chat.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/home&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to the coordinates on which you set your home.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;/home bed&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to your bed.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/sethome&#039;&#039;&#039; - Sets a coordinate to teleport you to by typing /home. Admins are able to set multiple homes, but regular players can only set one.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/tell&#039;&#039;&#039; - (Renamed from /whisper) sends a message to a certain player that no other can see.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/warp&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to a preset location. See [[List of Warps]] for locations players could warp to.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/wild&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to a random location within the world border. At some point in Season 2, this command stopped working since it would attempt to teleport a player outside the world border but end up failing. It was eventually removed.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_commands&amp;diff=39974</id>
		<title>List of commands</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_commands&amp;diff=39974"/>
		<updated>2026-05-20T16:25:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Nguhcraft]] players have the ability to use certain commands. However, which ones they have had access to has changed between seasons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Season 1 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Season 1]] saw the most amount of commands:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/back&#039;&#039;&#039; - Returns you to the place you teleported from.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/home&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to the coordinates on which you set your home.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;/home bed&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to your bed.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/sethome&#039;&#039;&#039; - Sets a coordinate to teleport you to by typing /home. Admins are able to set multiple homes, but regular players can only set one.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/tpa&#039;&#039;&#039; - Sends a request to another player for you to teleport to them. A lack of response after a certain timeframe removes the request.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;/tpaccept&#039;&#039;&#039; - Accepts a player&#039;s request to teleport to you.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;/tpdeny&#039;&#039;&#039; - Denies a player&#039;s request to teleport to you.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/warp&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to a preset location. See [[List of Warps]] for locations players could warp to.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/wild&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to a random location within the world border. &lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/whisper&#039;&#039;&#039; - Sends a message to a certain player that no other can see.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Season 2 ==&lt;br /&gt;
In [[Season 2]], commands were greatly reduced to support travel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/here&#039;&#039;&#039; - Sends your XYZ coordinates in the chat.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/home&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to the coordinates on which you set your home.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;/home bed&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to your bed.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/sethome&#039;&#039;&#039; - Sets a coordinate to teleport you to by typing /home. Admins are able to set multiple homes, but regular players can only set one.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/tell&#039;&#039;&#039; - (Renamed from /whisper) sends a message to a certain player that no other can see.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/warp&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to a preset location. See [[List of Warps]] for locations players could warp to.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;/wild&#039;&#039;&#039; - Teleports you to a random location within the world border. At some point in Season 2, this command stopped working and it remains unusable to this day.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_banned_players&amp;diff=39973</id>
		<title>List of banned players</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_banned_players&amp;diff=39973"/>
		<updated>2026-05-20T16:24:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This is a list of all the players that have been banned from [[Nguhcraft]] and why.&lt;br /&gt;
= During Season 1 =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This list is likely incomplete.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Garvey]] - antisemitism&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= During Season 2 =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This list is likely incomplete.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ponticello]] ([[Kasimir]]) - &amp;quot;very bad stuff&amp;quot; (specifics unknown)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Benny]] - domestic violence and racism&lt;br /&gt;
* [[John Stamos]] - [[The Great Heist|stealing]] from [[Enkavak]], [[Kozdenen]], and [[Þunan Qumreá]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[AstridoDorito]] - [[The Great Heist|stealing]] from [[Enkavak]], [[Kozdenen]], and [[Þunan Qumreá]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gagma A]] - leaking a minor&#039;s birth certificate&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Breel]] - stealing diamonds from [[Enkavak]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Nostalgiabricks]] - griefing a lot of places&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Dima]] - [[The Great Tantrum|vandalizing]] the [[Nguhcraft Wiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Qazw]] - [[The Great Tantrum|vandalizing]] the [[Nguhcraft Wiki]] and griefing [[Kozdenen]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[KateThePanPlate]] - repeated minor violations&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Zhiv]] - being disrespectful&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Fin]] - deletion of important [[United Ŋations]] document&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Blue595]] - stealing from a lot of places and admission of compulsion to do so&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Nate]] - griefing a ton of places for [[World War 2]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rivulé Rainworld]] - evading a mute with an alt account, was later unbanned for miscommunication&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_lists&amp;diff=39972</id>
		<title>List of lists</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_lists&amp;diff=39972"/>
		<updated>2026-05-20T16:15:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This is a list of all lists on the Wiki.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lists of holidays==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Cursdays in the Realm of Madness]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of holidays in Enkavak]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of holidays in Hummland]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of holidays in Rauratoshan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of holidays in the Kingdom of Kyaw Cen]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of holidays in the People&#039;s Free City of Amuj]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of holidays in Twanland]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Lists of players ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of banned players]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Season 1 Players]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lists of political parties==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of political parties in Rauratoshan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of political parties in the Kingdom of Hummland]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of political parties in the Kingdom of Kyaw Cen]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of political parties in the Realm of Madness]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of political parties in the Republic of Twanland]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of political parties in Vallis Draconum]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Linguistic lists==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kozramva vocabulary|List of Kozramva words]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kyawcenni vocabulary|List of Kyawcenni words]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Languages]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of language isolates]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Official Languages]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Geographical lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Condominia]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Continent|List of continents]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of countries]] (also see [[Map|Map of the ŋorld]])&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of interŋational organizations]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Ɱetropolitan Areas]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Raided and unRaided places]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of seas]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of unclaimed areas]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[United Ŋations Laws#List of UŊ Protectorates|List of UŊ Protectorates]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other Lists==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Armorial of sovereign states]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of alternate LoCATE names]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Annwans]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Amujology|List of Amujs]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of bridges over the Yetch River]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of commands]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of countries recognized by Aprux Mexyrhat]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of countries recognized by the Keis-Spucke Administration]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of countries in IPA]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Cəŋspiracy Theories]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of deities of Yukacan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of ducks]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Economic Unions]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of electoral systems by ŋation]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of former sovereign states]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of freedom indices]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of ghastports]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Kyawcennis]]&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;List of lists&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of lists of lists]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of modded changes]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Modded Items]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of ɱedical conditions]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of name systems]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of news sources in Rauratoshan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of ŋations based on Rome]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of ŋorldbuilding issues]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Pages Related to FERRA]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of placenames in IPA]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of post offices and postal service providers]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Proposed Countries]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of rail networks]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Sapient Species]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Superpowers]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of temples]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of things Marcy Sheikah brags about having invented]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of united organizations]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of villages in Enkavak]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Warps]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of wars]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Lists|*]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_banned_players&amp;diff=39971</id>
		<title>List of banned players</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_banned_players&amp;diff=39971"/>
		<updated>2026-05-20T16:13:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: /* During Season 2 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This is a list of all the players that have been banned from [[Nguhcraft]] and why.&lt;br /&gt;
= During Season 1 =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This list is likely incomplete.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Garvey]] - antisemitism&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= During Season 2 =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This list is likely incomplete.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ponticello]] ([[Kasimir]]) - &amp;quot;very bad stuff&amp;quot; (specifics unknown)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Benny]] - domestic violence and racism&lt;br /&gt;
* [[John Stamos]] - [[The Great Heist|stealing]] from [[Enkavak]], [[Kozdenen]], and [[Þunan Qumreá]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[AstridoDorito]] - [[The Great Heist|stealing]] from [[Enkavak]], [[Kozdenen]], and [[Þunan Qumreá]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Breel]] - stealing diamonds from [[Enkavak]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Nostalgiabricks]] - griefing a lot of places&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Dima]] - [[The Great Tantrum|vandalizing]] the [[Nguhcraft Wiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Qazw]] - [[The Great Tantrum|vandalizing]] the [[Nguhcraft Wiki]] and griefing [[Kozdenen]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[KateThePanPlate]] - repeated minor violations&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Zhiv]] - being disrespectful&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Fin]] - deletion of important [[United Ŋations]] document&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Blue595]] - stealing from a lot of places and admission of compulsion to do so&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Nate]] - griefing a ton of places for [[World War 2]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rivulé Rainworld]] - evading a mute with an alt account, was later unbanned for miscommunication&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_banned_players&amp;diff=39970</id>
		<title>List of banned players</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_banned_players&amp;diff=39970"/>
		<updated>2026-05-20T16:03:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This is a list of all the players that have been banned from [[Nguhcraft]] and why.&lt;br /&gt;
= During Season 1 =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This list is likely incomplete.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Garvey]] - antisemitism&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= During Season 2 =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This list is likely incomplete.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ponticello]] ([[Kasimir]]) - &amp;quot;very bad stuff&amp;quot; (specifics unknown)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Benny]] - domestic violence and racism&lt;br /&gt;
* [[John Stamos]] - stealing items from [[Þunan Qumreá]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Breel]] - stealing diamonds from [[Enkavak]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Nostalgiabricks]] - griefing a lot of places&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Dima]] - vandalizing the [[Nguhcraft Wiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Qazw]] - vandalizing the [[Nguhcraft Wiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[KateThePanPlate]] - repeated minor violations&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Zhiv]] - being disrespectful&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Fin]] - deletion of important [[United Ŋations]] document&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Blue595]] - stealing from a lot of places and admission of compulsion to do so&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Nate]] - griefing a ton of places for [[World War 2]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rivulé Rainworld]] - evading a mute with an alt account, was later unbanned for miscommunication&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Season_1_Players&amp;diff=39969</id>
		<title>List of Season 1 Players</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Season_1_Players&amp;diff=39969"/>
		<updated>2026-05-20T16:02:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Here is an attempt at a list of all the players who played in [[Season 1]], for preservation purposes.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Longtime Players&lt;br /&gt;
!Early Players&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Agma Schwa]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Çentoé]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Benny]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Marci]] (previously known as Kakyoin)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[User:Dillon|Dillon]] (also known as Eng&#039;t, ʡeter, or Dr. ʡeʡʡer)&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Mediumwave]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Fin]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Tark]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Janus]] (also known as Janvs, Ianus, or Ianvs)&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Beautifulland|Taswelll]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[KateThePanPlate]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Tux]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[N3]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Oss]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Suwi]] (also known as Suqi or Suq)&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Unnatwain]] (previously known as Shpo, Timolee, or Timo)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ætérnal]] (also known as Æ or Æt)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Brief Players&lt;br /&gt;
!Late Players&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Connor Quimby]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Garvey]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Juwan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ponticello]] (also known as Ponti, Ponsi, or Ponzi, with a headmate known as Kasimir, or Kaz)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Mäxxy]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Quinn]] (previously known as CyanidesDuality, Cyan or Yupekosi&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/835185858864218122/855077447359791125&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Pedru]] (also known as PD6)&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Saithe]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Tyxaar]]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Season_1_Players&amp;diff=39968</id>
		<title>List of Season 1 Players</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Season_1_Players&amp;diff=39968"/>
		<updated>2026-05-20T15:58:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Here is an attempt at a list of all the players who played in [[Season 1]], for preservation purposes.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Longtime Players&lt;br /&gt;
!Early Players&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Agma Schwa]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Çentoé]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Benny]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Marci]] (previously known as Kakyoin)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[User:Dillon|Dillon]] (also known as Eng&#039;t, ʡeter, or Dr. ʡeʡʡer)&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Mediumwave]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Fin]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Tark]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Janus]] (also known as Janvs, Ianus, or Ianvs)&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Beautifulland|Taswelll]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[KateThePanPlate]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Tux]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[N3]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Oss]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Suwi]] (also known as Suqi or Suq)&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Unnatwain]] (previously known as Shpo, Timolee, or Timo)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ætérnal]] (also known as Æ or Æt)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Brief Players&lt;br /&gt;
!Late Players&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Connor Quimby]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Garvey]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Juwan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ponticello]] (also known as Ponti, Ponsi, Ponzi, Kasimir, or Kaz)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Mäxxy]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Quinn]] (previously known as CyanidesDuality, Cyan or Yupekosi&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/835185858864218122/855077447359791125&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Pedru]] (also known as PD6)&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Saithe]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Tyxaar]]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_banned_players&amp;diff=39967</id>
		<title>List of banned players</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_banned_players&amp;diff=39967"/>
		<updated>2026-05-20T13:35:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: Created page with &amp;quot;This is a list of all the players that have been banned from Nguhcraft and why. = During Season 1 =  This list is likely incomplete. * Garvey  = During Season 2 =  This list is likely incomplete. * Ponticello * Benny - domestic violence and racism * John Stamos - stealing items from Þunan Qumreá * Breel - stealing diamonds from Enkavak * Nostalgiabricks - griefing a lot of places * Dima - vandalizing the Nguhcraft Wiki * Qa...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This is a list of all the players that have been banned from [[Nguhcraft]] and why.&lt;br /&gt;
= During Season 1 =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This list is likely incomplete.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Garvey]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= During Season 2 =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This list is likely incomplete.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ponticello]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Benny]] - domestic violence and racism&lt;br /&gt;
* [[John Stamos]] - stealing items from [[Þunan Qumreá]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Breel]] - stealing diamonds from [[Enkavak]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Nostalgiabricks]] - griefing a lot of places&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Dima]] - vandalizing the [[Nguhcraft Wiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Qazw]] - vandalizing the [[Nguhcraft Wiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[KateThePanPlate]] - repeated minor violations&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Zhiv]] - being disrespectful&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Fin]] - deletion of important [[United Ŋations]] document&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Blue595]] - stealing from a lot of places and admission of compulsion to do so&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rivulé Rainworld]] - evading a mute with an alt account, was later unbanned for miscommunication&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Nate]] - griefing a ton of places for [[World War II]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=File:%C5%8Aorld_Map_-_Suqi.png&amp;diff=39954</id>
		<title>File:Ŋorld Map - Suqi.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=File:%C5%8Aorld_Map_-_Suqi.png&amp;diff=39954"/>
		<updated>2026-05-17T23:36:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: Suqi uploaded a new version of File:Ŋorld Map - Suqi.png&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=File:%C5%8Aorld_Map_-_Suqi.png&amp;diff=39913</id>
		<title>File:Ŋorld Map - Suqi.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=File:%C5%8Aorld_Map_-_Suqi.png&amp;diff=39913"/>
		<updated>2026-05-14T17:33:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: Suqi uploaded a new version of File:Ŋorld Map - Suqi.png&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Juya_Gwanya&amp;diff=39799</id>
		<title>Juya Gwanya</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Juya_Gwanya&amp;diff=39799"/>
		<updated>2026-05-10T16:19:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: Redirected page to Juya Gwaña&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Juya Gwaña]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&amp;diff=39691</id>
		<title>Ketchup</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&amp;diff=39691"/>
		<updated>2026-05-08T01:11:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: /* Exact Pronunciations */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox|&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/above|{{{name|Ketchup}}}|style=background:#76ff7a}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|[ʞ̺🩴øʭʌʬ]}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Language family|{{{family|Condimentic}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Early form(s)|{{{early-forms|Syrup}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Era|{{{era|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Writing system|{{{scripts|Latin, Ketchupian}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/header|Official status|style=background:#76ff7a}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Spoken in|{{{country|[[Madlands]]}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Regulated by|{{{regulator|[[Suqi]]}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/header|Speaker|style=background:#76ff7a}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Demonym|{{{demonym|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Endonym|{{{endonym|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Exonym|{{{exonym|Ketchupian}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Number of speakers|{{{number|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/header|Technical information|style=background:#76ff7a}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Usage|{{{usage|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Language code|{{{lang-code|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Ketchup&#039;&#039;&#039;, natively spelled &#039;&#039;&#039;ĸ𰻞ɘʜup&#039;&#039;&#039;, is [[Suqi|Suqi&#039;s]] first cursed conlang, and it&#039;s comin&#039; to [[Nguhcraft]], baby! Obviously spoken in the [[Madlands]], the wacky language of Ketchup is imbued with chaos due to random, unrelated situational facts being crucial to understanding information; the requirement of intense cognition during phoneme placement; and shifty language when every case becomes taboo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ketchup originally comes from an alternate Earth called Ert. It is spoken by a human-adjacent species, still called humans, within the Ketchupian culture. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phonology ==&lt;br /&gt;
Ketchupian phonology uses a variety of unnaturalistic, unusual, and phonetically complex articulations for no reason.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Eyelid|Quadripalpebral]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Bilabial_consonant|Bilabial]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Linguolabial_consonant|Linguolabial]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Bidental_consonant|Bidental]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Alveolar_click#Percussive_alveolar_clicks|Sublaminal]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Palatal_consonant|Palatal]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Velar_consonant|Velar]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Guttural_consonant|Guttural]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Foot|Pedal]]&lt;br /&gt;
!Totalar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Nareal_fricative|Nareal Fricative]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|m̥͋ m͋&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ͇̥͋&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ̥͋ᶣ ↓ɴ͋&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;F&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Fricative_consonant|Fricative]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɦ̰&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̥͋ʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|q𐞐ʼ\↓q𐞐ʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:implosive|Implosive]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼉̼ˡ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Click_consonant|Click]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|(ᵏʘ͡ǀ͡ǂ)&lt;br /&gt;
|ỽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|(ᵏʘ͡ǀ͡ǂ)&lt;br /&gt;
|𐞥ʞ̺&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Percussive_consonant|Percussive]]&lt;br /&gt;
|👀&lt;br /&gt;
|ʬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʭ&lt;br /&gt;
|≣&lt;br /&gt;
|¡&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|🦶&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;🩴&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Summative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|Ω&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
=== Exact Pronunciations ===&lt;br /&gt;
These are detailed instructions on how to pronounce each phoneme because Ketchup has a very atypical phonology.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Pronunciation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[m̥͋]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Voiceless bilabial nareal fricative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The lips are closed while air is exhaled out of the nose with enough force to produce frication as it exits the nostrils, and the vocal folds are open and still.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[m͋]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Voiced bilabial nareal fricative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The lips are closed while air is exhaled out of the nose with enough force to produce frication as it exits the nostrils, and the vocal folds vibrate.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ɲ͇̥͋]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Voiceless anteriodorso-alveolar nareal fricative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The center of top of the tongue is pressed against the alveolar ridge while air is exhaled out of the nose with enough force to produce frication as it exits the nostrils, and the vocal folds are open and still.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ɴ̥͋ᶣ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Voiceless labial-palatalized uvular nareal fricative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The back of the top of the tongue is pressed against the uvula, the center of the top of the tongue is raised toward the hard palate, and the lips rounded while air is exhaled out of the nose with enough force to produce frication as it exits the nostrils, and the vocal folds are open and still.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[↓ɴ͋&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;F&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Ingressive falsetto voiced uvular nareal fricative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The back of the top of the tongue is pressed against the uvula, while air is inhaled into the nose with enough force to produce frication as it enters the nostrils, and the vocal folds are vibrating and in falsetto.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ɦ̰]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Creaky-voiced arytenoidal fricative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Simultaneous whisper and creaky voice articulation.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ŋ̥͋ʼ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Velar nareal fricative ejective&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The back of the top of the tongue is pressed against the velum while air is pushed out of the nose by the closed glottis with enough force to produce frication as it exits the nostrils.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[q𐞐ʼ\↓q𐞐ʼ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Egressive-ingressive stuttered uvulopharyngeal affricated ejective&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The back of the top of the tongue presses the uvula against the pharyngeal wall, blocking off airflow, then air is pushed by the closed glottis with enough force to separate the uvular-pharyngeal closure partially open, letting only fricated air pass outward into the nose. This is then immediately repeated but with the closed glottis pulling in air the second time, and without regard for the completion of the first or second articulation.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[𝼉̼ˡ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Voiceless lateralized subapical linguolabial implosive&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The underside of the tongue presses against the top lip, blocking off airflow, then air is sucked downward by the closed glottis with enough force to separate the lingual-labial and glottal closures with the center of the tongue remaining against the lip while the sides fall away, and the glottal opening involves no vibration.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ᵏʘ͡ǀ͡ǂ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Voiceless front-released velar-bilabial-dental-palatal click&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The lips close, the blade of the tongue presses against the top teeth, the center of the top of the tongue is pressed against the back of the alveolar ridge, and the back of the top of the tongue is pressed against the velum. The labial, lingual-dental, and lingual-palatal closures lower without separating, creating a vacuum, then release while retaining the lingual-velar closure, and the vocal folds are open and still.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ỽ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sublingual linguolabial click&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The bottom lip retracts inward and the front of the tongue lowers and presses against the back of the bottom lip, fully blocking off the space underneath the tongue and creating a vacuum. Then, the tongue raises, releasing itself from the bottom lip.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[𐞥ʞ̺]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Voiceless front-released uvular-apicovelar click&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The tip of the tongue presses against the velum and the back of the top of the tongue presses against the uvula. The lingual-velar closure lowers without separating, creating a vacuum, then releases while retaining the lingual-uvular closure, and the vocal folds are open and still.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[👀]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Quadripalpebral percussive&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The top two eyelids and bottom two eyelids hit each other. In other words, a harsh blink.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ʬ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Bilabial percussive&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The bottom lip hits the top lip.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ʭ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Bidental percussive&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The bottom teeth hit the top teeth.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[≣]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Alveolar percussive&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The tip of the tongue hits the alveolar ridge.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[🦶&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;🩴&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Calcealized pedal percussive&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The foot hits something while wearing a shoe.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[Ω]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Totalar summative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Every sound of the human vocal tract simultaneously.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
Ketchup has 8 vowel inventories that can be used in three different ways.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first usage is determining the grammaticosocial gender of a conversation. Specific combinations of the vowel inventories by the collective speakers in a conversation determine a specific gender for the conversation. The gender formed for the conversation determines how the speakers feel about having the conversation, which can impact their attitude and interactions with the other speakers. This also determines the grammatically correct way to refer to the conversation in the future. If speakers fail to collectively give a conversation one of the genders that exist, the conversation will be impossible to ever refer to again.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second usage is similar, it determines the grammaticosocial gender of a word. It also involves determining gender by combining multiple vowel inventories, but it only occurs within the syllable(s) of that word and done solely by the speaker. Like the conversation gender, it determines the correct way to refer to that word&#039;s referent in the future and failure results in never being able to refer to that referent ever again.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The third usage i dont fucking remember because i have horrible memory&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
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|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Syllables ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Linguistic Capabilities ==&lt;br /&gt;
idfk&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&amp;diff=39690</id>
		<title>Ketchup</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&amp;diff=39690"/>
		<updated>2026-05-08T01:11:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: /* Exact Pronunciations */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox|&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/above|{{{name|Ketchup}}}|style=background:#76ff7a}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|[ʞ̺🩴øʭʌʬ]}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Language family|{{{family|Condimentic}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Early form(s)|{{{early-forms|Syrup}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Era|{{{era|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Writing system|{{{scripts|Latin, Ketchupian}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/header|Official status|style=background:#76ff7a}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Spoken in|{{{country|[[Madlands]]}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Regulated by|{{{regulator|[[Suqi]]}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/header|Speaker|style=background:#76ff7a}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Demonym|{{{demonym|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Endonym|{{{endonym|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Exonym|{{{exonym|Ketchupian}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Number of speakers|{{{number|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/header|Technical information|style=background:#76ff7a}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Usage|{{{usage|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Language code|{{{lang-code|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Ketchup&#039;&#039;&#039;, natively spelled &#039;&#039;&#039;ĸ𰻞ɘʜup&#039;&#039;&#039;, is [[Suqi|Suqi&#039;s]] first cursed conlang, and it&#039;s comin&#039; to [[Nguhcraft]], baby! Obviously spoken in the [[Madlands]], the wacky language of Ketchup is imbued with chaos due to random, unrelated situational facts being crucial to understanding information; the requirement of intense cognition during phoneme placement; and shifty language when every case becomes taboo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ketchup originally comes from an alternate Earth called Ert. It is spoken by a human-adjacent species, still called humans, within the Ketchupian culture. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phonology ==&lt;br /&gt;
Ketchupian phonology uses a variety of unnaturalistic, unusual, and phonetically complex articulations for no reason.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Eyelid|Quadripalpebral]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Bilabial_consonant|Bilabial]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Linguolabial_consonant|Linguolabial]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Bidental_consonant|Bidental]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Alveolar_click#Percussive_alveolar_clicks|Sublaminal]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Palatal_consonant|Palatal]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Velar_consonant|Velar]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Guttural_consonant|Guttural]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Foot|Pedal]]&lt;br /&gt;
!Totalar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Nareal_fricative|Nareal Fricative]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|m̥͋ m͋&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ͇̥͋&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ̥͋ᶣ ↓ɴ͋&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;F&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Fricative_consonant|Fricative]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɦ̰&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̥͋ʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|q𐞐ʼ\↓q𐞐ʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:implosive|Implosive]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼉̼ˡ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Click_consonant|Click]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|(ᵏʘ͡ǀ͡ǂ)&lt;br /&gt;
|ỽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|(ᵏʘ͡ǀ͡ǂ)&lt;br /&gt;
|𐞥ʞ̺&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Percussive_consonant|Percussive]]&lt;br /&gt;
|👀&lt;br /&gt;
|ʬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʭ&lt;br /&gt;
|≣&lt;br /&gt;
|¡&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|🦶&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;🩴&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Summative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|Ω&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Quadripalpebral consonants are those produced with two sets of eyelids. The bipalpebral percussive /👀/ is the act of blinking.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pedal consonants are those produced with the foot. The pedal percussive [🦶] is the act of smacking a foot against something. Ketchup uses the solarized pedal percussive /🦶&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;🩴&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;/, which means the foot must be wearing a shoe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Exact Pronunciations ===&lt;br /&gt;
These are detailed instructions on how to pronounce each phoneme because Ketchup has a very atypical phonology.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Pronunciation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[m̥͋]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Voiceless bilabial nareal fricative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The lips are closed while air is exhaled out of the nose with enough force to produce frication as it exits the nostrils, and the vocal folds are open and still.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[m͋]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Voiced bilabial nareal fricative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The lips are closed while air is exhaled out of the nose with enough force to produce frication as it exits the nostrils, and the vocal folds vibrate.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ɲ͇̥͋]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Voiceless anteriodorso-alveolar nareal fricative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The center of top of the tongue is pressed against the alveolar ridge while air is exhaled out of the nose with enough force to produce frication as it exits the nostrils, and the vocal folds are open and still.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ɴ̥͋ᶣ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Voiceless labial-palatalized uvular nareal fricative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The back of the top of the tongue is pressed against the uvula, the center of the top of the tongue is raised toward the hard palate, and the lips rounded while air is exhaled out of the nose with enough force to produce frication as it exits the nostrils, and the vocal folds are open and still.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[↓ɴ͋&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;F&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Ingressive falsetto voiced uvular nareal fricative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The back of the top of the tongue is pressed against the uvula, while air is inhaled into the nose with enough force to produce frication as it enters the nostrils, and the vocal folds are vibrating and in falsetto.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ɦ̰]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Creaky-voiced arytenoidal fricative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Simultaneous whisper and creaky voice articulation.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ŋ̥͋ʼ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Velar nareal fricative ejective&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The back of the top of the tongue is pressed against the velum while air is pushed out of the nose by the closed glottis with enough force to produce frication as it exits the nostrils.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[q𐞐ʼ\↓q𐞐ʼ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Egressive-ingressive stuttered uvulopharyngeal affricated ejective&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The back of the top of the tongue presses the uvula against the pharyngeal wall, blocking off airflow, then air is pushed by the closed glottis with enough force to separate the uvular-pharyngeal closure partially open, letting only fricated air pass outward into the nose. This is then immediately repeated but with the closed glottis pulling in air the second time, and without regard for the completion of the first or second articulation.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[𝼉̼ˡ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Voiceless lateralized subapical linguolabial implosive&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The underside of the tongue presses against the top lip, blocking off airflow, then air is sucked downward by the closed glottis with enough force to separate the lingual-labial and glottal closures with the center of the tongue remaining against the lip while the sides fall away, and the glottal opening involves no vibration.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ᵏʘ͡ǀ͡ǂ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Voiceless front-released velar-bilabial-dental-palatal click&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The lips close, the blade of the tongue presses against the top teeth, the center of the top of the tongue is pressed against the back of the alveolar ridge, and the back of the top of the tongue is pressed against the velum. The labial, lingual-dental, and lingual-palatal closures lower without separating, creating a vacuum, then release while retaining the lingual-velar closure, and the vocal folds are open and still.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ỽ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sublingual linguolabial click&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The bottom lip retracts inward and the front of the tongue lowers and presses against the back of the bottom lip, fully blocking off the space underneath the tongue and creating a vacuum. Then, the tongue raises, releasing itself from the bottom lip.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[𐞥ʞ̺]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Voiceless front-released uvular-apicovelar click&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The tip of the tongue presses against the velum and the back of the top of the tongue presses against the uvula. The lingual-velar closure lowers without separating, creating a vacuum, then releases while retaining the lingual-uvular closure, and the vocal folds are open and still.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[👀]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Quadripalpebral percussive&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The top two eyelids and bottom two eyelids hit each other. In other words, a harsh blink.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ʬ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Bilabial percussive&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The bottom lip hits the top lip.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ʭ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Bidental percussive&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The bottom teeth hit the top teeth.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[≣]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Alveolar percussive&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The tip of the tongue hits the alveolar ridge.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[🦶&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;🩴&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Calcealized pedal percussive&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The foot hits something while wearing a shoe.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[Ω]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Totalar summative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Every sound of the human vocal tract simultaneously.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
Ketchup has 8 vowel inventories that can be used in three different ways.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first usage is determining the grammaticosocial gender of a conversation. Specific combinations of the vowel inventories by the collective speakers in a conversation determine a specific gender for the conversation. The gender formed for the conversation determines how the speakers feel about having the conversation, which can impact their attitude and interactions with the other speakers. This also determines the grammatically correct way to refer to the conversation in the future. If speakers fail to collectively give a conversation one of the genders that exist, the conversation will be impossible to ever refer to again.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second usage is similar, it determines the grammaticosocial gender of a word. It also involves determining gender by combining multiple vowel inventories, but it only occurs within the syllable(s) of that word and done solely by the speaker. Like the conversation gender, it determines the correct way to refer to that word&#039;s referent in the future and failure results in never being able to refer to that referent ever again.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The third usage i dont fucking remember because i have horrible memory&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
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|&lt;br /&gt;
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|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
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|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Syllables ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Linguistic Capabilities ==&lt;br /&gt;
idfk&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&amp;diff=39689</id>
		<title>Ketchup</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&amp;diff=39689"/>
		<updated>2026-05-07T23:38:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: /* Exact Pronunciations */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox|&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/above|{{{name|Ketchup}}}|style=background:#76ff7a}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|[ʞ̺🩴øʭʌʬ]}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Language family|{{{family|Condimentic}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Early form(s)|{{{early-forms|Syrup}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Era|{{{era|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Writing system|{{{scripts|Latin, Ketchupian}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/header|Official status|style=background:#76ff7a}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Spoken in|{{{country|[[Madlands]]}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Regulated by|{{{regulator|[[Suqi]]}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/header|Speaker|style=background:#76ff7a}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Demonym|{{{demonym|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Endonym|{{{endonym|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Exonym|{{{exonym|Ketchupian}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Number of speakers|{{{number|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/header|Technical information|style=background:#76ff7a}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Usage|{{{usage|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Language code|{{{lang-code|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Ketchup&#039;&#039;&#039;, natively spelled &#039;&#039;&#039;ĸ𰻞ɘʜup&#039;&#039;&#039;, is [[Suqi|Suqi&#039;s]] first cursed conlang, and it&#039;s comin&#039; to [[Nguhcraft]], baby! Obviously spoken in the [[Madlands]], the wacky language of Ketchup is imbued with chaos due to random, unrelated situational facts being crucial to understanding information; the requirement of intense cognition during phoneme placement; and shifty language when every case becomes taboo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ketchup originally comes from an alternate Earth called Ert. It is spoken by a human-adjacent species, still called humans, within the Ketchupian culture. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phonology ==&lt;br /&gt;
Ketchupian phonology uses a variety of unnaturalistic, unusual, and phonetically complex articulations for no reason.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Eyelid|Quadripalpebral]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Bilabial_consonant|Bilabial]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Linguolabial_consonant|Linguolabial]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Bidental_consonant|Bidental]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Alveolar_click#Percussive_alveolar_clicks|Sublaminal]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Palatal_consonant|Palatal]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Velar_consonant|Velar]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Guttural_consonant|Guttural]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Foot|Pedal]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Nareal_fricative|Nareal Fricative]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|m̥͋ m͋&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ͇̥͋&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ̥͋ᶣ ↓ɴ͋&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;F&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Fricative_consonant|Fricative]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɦ̰&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̥͋ʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|q𐞐ʼ\↓q𐞐ʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:implosive|Implosive]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼉̼ˡ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Click_consonant|Click]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|(ᵏʘ͡ǀ͡ǂ)&lt;br /&gt;
|ỽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|(ᵏʘ͡ǀ͡ǂ)&lt;br /&gt;
|𐞥ʞ̺&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Percussive_consonant|Percussive]]&lt;br /&gt;
|👀&lt;br /&gt;
|ʬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʭ&lt;br /&gt;
|≣&lt;br /&gt;
|¡&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|🦶&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;🩴&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Summative&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; |Ω&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Quadripalpebral consonants are those produced with two sets of eyelids. The bipalpebral percussive /👀/ is the act of blinking.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pedal consonants are those produced with the foot. The pedal percussive [🦶] is the act of smacking a foot against something. Ketchup uses the solarized pedal percussive /🦶&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;🩴&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;/, which means the foot must be wearing a shoe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Exact Pronunciations ===&lt;br /&gt;
These are detailed instructions on how to pronounce each phoneme because Ketchup has a very atypical phonology.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Pronunciation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[m̥͋]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Voiceless bilabial nareal fricative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The lips are closed while air is exhaled out of the nose with enough force to produce frication as it exits the nostrils and the vocal folds are open and still.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[m͋]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Voiced bilabial nareal fricative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The lips are closed while air is exhaled out of the nose with enough force to produce frication as it exits the nostrils and the vocal folds vibrate.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ɲ͇̥͋]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Voiceless anteriodorso-alveolar nareal fricative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The center of top of the tongue is pressed against the alveolar ridge while air is exhaled out of the nose with enough force to produce frication as it exits the nostrils and the vocal folds are open and still.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ɴ̥͋ᶣ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Voiceless labial-palatalized uvular nareal fricative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The back of the top of the tongue is pressed against the uvula, the center of the top of the tongue is raised toward the hard palate, and the lips rounded while air is exhaled out of the nose with enough force to produce frication as it exits the nostrils and the vocal folds are open and still.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[↓ɴ͋&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;F&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Ingressive falsetto voiced uvular nareal fricative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The back of the top of the tongue is pressed against the uvula, while air is inhaled into the nose with enough force to produce frication as it enters the nostrils and the vocal folds are vibrating and in falsetto.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ɦ̰]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Creaky-voiced arytenoidal fricative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Simultaneous whisper and creaky voice articulation.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ŋ̥͋ʼ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Velar nareal fricative ejective&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The back of the top of the tongue is pressed against the velum while air is pushed out of the nose by the closed glottis with enough force to produce frication as it exits the nostrils.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[q𐞐ʼ\↓q𐞐ʼ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Egressive-ingressive stuttered uvulopharyngeal affricated ejective&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The back of the top of the tongue presses the uvula against the pharyngeal wall, blocking off airflow, then air is pushed by the closed glottis with enough force to separate the uvular-pharyngeal closure partially open, letting only fricated air pass outward into the nose. This is then immediately repeated but with the closed glottis pulling in air the second time, and without regard for the completion of the first or second articulation.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
Ketchup has 8 vowel inventories that can be used in three different ways.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first usage is determining the grammaticosocial gender of a conversation. Specific combinations of the vowel inventories by the collective speakers in a conversation determine a specific gender for the conversation. The gender formed for the conversation determines how the speakers feel about having the conversation, which can impact their attitude and interactions with the other speakers. This also determines the grammatically correct way to refer to the conversation in the future. If speakers fail to collectively give a conversation one of the genders that exist, the conversation will be impossible to ever refer to again.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second usage is similar, it determines the grammaticosocial gender of a word. It also involves determining gender by combining multiple vowel inventories, but it only occurs within the syllable(s) of that word and done solely by the speaker. Like the conversation gender, it determines the correct way to refer to that word&#039;s referent in the future and failure results in never being able to refer to that referent ever again.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The third usage i dont fucking remember because i have horrible memory&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Syllables ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Linguistic Capabilities ==&lt;br /&gt;
idfk&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&amp;diff=39687</id>
		<title>Ketchup</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&amp;diff=39687"/>
		<updated>2026-05-07T23:06:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox|&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/above|{{{name|Ketchup}}}|style=background:#76ff7a}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|[ʞ̺🩴øʭʌʬ]}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Language family|{{{family|Condimentic}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Early form(s)|{{{early-forms|Syrup}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Era|{{{era|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Writing system|{{{scripts|Latin, Ketchupian}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/header|Official status|style=background:#76ff7a}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Spoken in|{{{country|[[Madlands]]}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Regulated by|{{{regulator|[[Suqi]]}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/header|Speaker|style=background:#76ff7a}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Demonym|{{{demonym|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Endonym|{{{endonym|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Exonym|{{{exonym|Ketchupian}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Number of speakers|{{{number|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/header|Technical information|style=background:#76ff7a}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Usage|{{{usage|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Language code|{{{lang-code|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Ketchup&#039;&#039;&#039;, natively spelled &#039;&#039;&#039;ĸ𰻞ɘʜup&#039;&#039;&#039;, is [[Suqi|Suqi&#039;s]] first cursed conlang, and it&#039;s comin&#039; to [[Nguhcraft]], baby! Obviously spoken in the [[Madlands]], the wacky language of Ketchup is imbued with chaos due to random, unrelated situational facts being crucial to understanding information; the requirement of intense cognition during phoneme placement; and shifty language when every case becomes taboo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ketchup originally comes from an alternate Earth called Ert. It is spoken by a human-adjacent species, still called humans, within the Ketchupian culture. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phonology ==&lt;br /&gt;
Ketchupian phonology uses a variety of unnaturalistic, unusual, and phonetically complex articulations for no reason.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Eyelid|Quadripalpebral]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Bilabial_consonant|Bilabial]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Linguolabial_consonant|Linguolabial]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Bidental_consonant|Bidental]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Alveolar_click#Percussive_alveolar_clicks|Sublaminal]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Palatal_consonant|Palatal]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Velar_consonant|Velar]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Guttural_consonant|Guttural]]&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Foot|Pedal]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Nareal_fricative|Nareal Fricative]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|m̥͋ m͋&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|n̥͋&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̥͋&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ̥͋ᶣ ɴ͋&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Fricative_consonant|Fricative]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɦ̰&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:implosive|Implosive]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼉̼ˡ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Click_consonant|Click]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|(ᵏʘ͡ǀ͡ǂ)&lt;br /&gt;
|ỽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|(ᵏʘ͡ǀ͡ǂ)&lt;br /&gt;
|𐞥ʞ̺&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![[w:Percussive_consonant|Percussive]]&lt;br /&gt;
|👀&lt;br /&gt;
|ʬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʭ&lt;br /&gt;
|≣&lt;br /&gt;
|¡&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|🦶&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;🩴&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Summative&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; |Ω&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Quadripalpebral consonants are those produced with two sets of eyelids. The bipalpebral percussive /👀/ is the act of blinking.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pedal consonants are those produced with the foot. The pedal percussive [🦶] is the act of smacking a foot against something. Ketchup uses the solarized pedal percussive /🦶&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;🩴&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;/, which means the foot must be wearing a shoe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Exact Pronunciations ===&lt;br /&gt;
These are detailed instructions on how to pronounce each single-articulation phoneme because KWMs has a very atypical phonology.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-Ingressive&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Pronunciation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ᵑ̥ʙ͉̊]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Egressive voiceless nasal velaric bilabial trill&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Closed, loosened lips become trilled due to advancement of the tongue (still pressed against velum). Vocal folds not vibrating.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ᵑ̥r͉̊]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Egressive voiceless nasal velaric alveolar trill&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Tongue tip pressed against alveolar ridge, but loosened, becomes trilled due to advancement of the back of the tongue (still pressed against velum). Vocal folds not vibrating.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ᵑ̥ɽr͉̊]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Egressive voiceless nasal velaric retroflex trill&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Tongue underside pressed against hard palate, but loosened, becomes trilled and pushed forward due to advancement of the back of the tongue (still pressed against velum). Vocal folds not vibrating.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ʷᵑ̥f͉]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Egressive voiceless nasal velaric pre-rounded labiodental fricative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Lips rounded. As the lips unround, bottom lip makes contact with top teeth and air is pushed outward as a fricative due to advancement of the tongue (still pressed against velum). Vocal folds not vibrating.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ᵑ̥s͉]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Egressive voiceless nasal velaric alveolar fricative&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Tongue tip reaches alveolar ridge and air is pushed outward as a fricative due to advancement of the tongue (still pressed against velum). Vocal folds not vibrating.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ᵑ̥ʬ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Voiceless nasal velaric bilabial percussive&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Bottom lip strikes top lip forcefully to create a sound. Vocal folds not vibrating.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{ipa|[ᵑ̥ʭ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Voiceless nasal velaric bidental percussive&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Bottom teeth strike top teeth forcefully to create a sound. Vocal folds not vibrating.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
Ketchup has 8 vowel inventories that can be used in three different ways.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first usage is determining the grammaticosocial gender of a conversation. Specific combinations of the vowel inventories by the collective speakers in a conversation determine a specific gender for the conversation. The gender formed for the conversation determines how the speakers feel about having the conversation, which can impact their attitude and interactions with the other speakers. This also determines the grammatically correct way to refer to the conversation in the future. If speakers fail to collectively give a conversation one of the genders that exist, the conversation will be impossible to ever refer to again.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second usage is similar, it determines the grammaticosocial gender of a word. It also involves determining gender by combining multiple vowel inventories, but it only occurs within the syllable(s) of that word and done solely by the speaker. Like the conversation gender, it determines the correct way to refer to that word&#039;s referent in the future and failure results in never being able to refer to that referent ever again.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The third usage i dont fucking remember because i have horrible memory&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Syllables ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Linguistic Capabilities ==&lt;br /&gt;
idfk&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&amp;diff=39686</id>
		<title>Ketchup</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&amp;diff=39686"/>
		<updated>2026-05-07T23:00:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: Created page with &amp;quot;{{Infobox| {{Infobox/above|{{{name|Ketchup}}}|style=background:#76ff7a}} {{Infobox/row|Pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|[ʞ̺🩴øʭʌʬ]}}}}} {{Infobox/row|Language family|{{{family|Condimentic}}}}} {{Infobox/row|Early form(s)|{{{early-forms|Syrup}}}}} {{Infobox/row|Era|{{{era|}}}}} {{Infobox/row|Writing system|{{{scripts|Latin, Ketchupian}}}}} {{Infobox/header|Official status|style=background:#76ff7a}} {{Infobox/row|Spoken in|{{{country|Madlands}}}}} {{Infobox/row|R...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox|&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/above|{{{name|Ketchup}}}|style=background:#76ff7a}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|[ʞ̺🩴øʭʌʬ]}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Language family|{{{family|Condimentic}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Early form(s)|{{{early-forms|Syrup}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Era|{{{era|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Writing system|{{{scripts|Latin, Ketchupian}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/header|Official status|style=background:#76ff7a}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Spoken in|{{{country|[[Madlands]]}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Regulated by|{{{regulator|[[Suqi]]}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/header|Speaker|style=background:#76ff7a}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Demonym|{{{demonym|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Endonym|{{{endonym|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Exonym|{{{exonym|Ketchupian}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Number of speakers|{{{number|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/header|Technical information|style=background:#76ff7a}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Usage|{{{usage|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox/row|Language code|{{{lang-code|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Ketchup&#039;&#039;&#039;, natively spelled &#039;&#039;&#039;ĸ𰻞ɘʜup&#039;&#039;&#039;, is [[Suqi|Suqi&#039;s]] first cursed conlang, and it&#039;s comin&#039; to [[Nguhcraft]], baby! Obviously spoken in the [[Madlands]], the wacky language of Ketchup is imbued with chaos due to random, unrelated situational facts being crucial to understanding information; the requirement of intense cognition during phoneme placement; and shifty language when every case becomes taboo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ketchup originally comes from an alternate Earth called Ert. It is spoken by a human-adjacent species, still called humans, within the Ketchupian culture. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phonology ==&lt;br /&gt;
Ketchupian phonology uses a variety of unnaturalistic, unusual, and phonetically complex articulations for no reason.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyelid Quadripalpebral]&lt;br /&gt;
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilabial_consonant Bilabial]&lt;br /&gt;
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguolabial_consonant Linguolabial]&lt;br /&gt;
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidental_consonant Bidental]&lt;br /&gt;
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_consonant Alveolar]&lt;br /&gt;
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_click#Percussive_alveolar_clicks Sublaminal]&lt;br /&gt;
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatal_consonant Palatal]&lt;br /&gt;
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velar_consonant Velar]&lt;br /&gt;
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guttural_consonant Guttural]&lt;br /&gt;
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot Pedal]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nareal_fricative Nareal Fricative]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|m̥͋ m͋&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|n̥͋&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̥͋&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ̥͋ᶣ ɴ͋&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricative_consonant Fricative]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɦ̰&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/implosive Implosive]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼉̼ˡ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Click_consonant Click]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|(ᵏʘ͡ǀ͡ǂ)&lt;br /&gt;
|ỽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|(ᵏʘ͡ǀ͡ǂ)&lt;br /&gt;
|𐞥ʞ̺&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percussive_consonant Percussive]&lt;br /&gt;
|👀&lt;br /&gt;
|ʬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʭ&lt;br /&gt;
|≣&lt;br /&gt;
|¡&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|🩴&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Summative&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; |Ω&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
Ketchup has 8 vowel inventories that can be used in three different ways.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first usage is determining the grammaticosocial gender of a conversation. Specific combinations of the vowel inventories by the collective speakers in a conversation determine a specific gender for the conversation. The gender formed for the conversation determines how the speakers feel about having the conversation, which can impact their attitude and interactions with the other speakers. This also determines the grammatically correct way to refer to the conversation in the future. If speakers fail to collectively give a conversation one of the genders that exist, the conversation will be impossible to ever refer to again.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second usage is similar, it determines the grammaticosocial gender of a word. It also involves determining gender by combining multiple vowel inventories, but it only occurs within the syllable(s) of that word and done solely by the speaker. Like the conversation gender, it determines the correct way to refer to that word&#039;s referent in the future and failure results in never being able to refer to that referent ever again.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The third usage i dont fucking remember because i have horrible memory&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Syllables ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Linguistic Capabilities ==&lt;br /&gt;
idfk&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects_2&amp;diff=39628</id>
		<title>Trace Deeplects 2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects_2&amp;diff=39628"/>
		<updated>2026-05-07T01:49:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Im making this page because [[Trace Deeplects]] crashes every time I edit it now.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -F ==&lt;br /&gt;
Pink: onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blue: word-medial onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uncolored: any position&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
!Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ŋ̊ nh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|m m&lt;br /&gt;
|n n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ g&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ gu&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |kʰ kh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |t t&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |k k&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |dʑʱ j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |sʰ sh&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ɕʰ ch&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ f&lt;br /&gt;
|s s&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ c&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |x x&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
!Unrounded&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l l&lt;br /&gt;
|j y&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ w&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Rounded&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ yu&lt;br /&gt;
|w wu&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# m &amp;gt; mʲ / _{i,e,a}[–RTR]&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ ɴ k x &amp;gt; ɲ ŋʷ k̟ x̟ / _{i,e}&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ &amp;gt; k̟ʰ / _{i,e,a}&lt;br /&gt;
# k x &amp;gt; k̠ x̠ / _{a,o}&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ &amp;gt; k̠ʰ / _o&lt;br /&gt;
# l &amp;gt; ɾ / {i,e}_{i,e}&lt;br /&gt;
# dʑʱi dʑʱiʱ &amp;gt; dʑʑ̩ dʑʱʑ̩ʱ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Close&lt;br /&gt;
!Modal&lt;br /&gt;
|i í&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ ír&lt;br /&gt;
|i i&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ ir&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Breathy&lt;br /&gt;
|iʱ íh&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ʱ írh&lt;br /&gt;
|iʱ ih&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ʱ irh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|iˀ í&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ˀ ír&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|iˀ i&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ˀ ir&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
!Modal&lt;br /&gt;
|e é&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ ér&lt;br /&gt;
|e e&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ er&lt;br /&gt;
|o ó&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ ór&lt;br /&gt;
|o o&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ or&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Breathy&lt;br /&gt;
|eʱ éh&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ʱ érh&lt;br /&gt;
|eʱ eh&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ʱ erh&lt;br /&gt;
|oʱ óh&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ʱ órh&lt;br /&gt;
|oʱ oh&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ʱ orh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|eˀ é&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ˀ ér&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|eˀ e&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ˀ er&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|oˀ ó&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ˀ ór&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|oˀ o&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ˀ or&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Open&lt;br /&gt;
!Modal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a á&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ ár&lt;br /&gt;
|a a&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ ar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Breathy&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|aʱ áh&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ʱ árh&lt;br /&gt;
|aʱ ah&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ʱ arh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|aˀ á&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ˀ ár&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|aˀ a&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ˀ ar&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# /V́/ cannot occur after /m n ŋ ɴ t k ɸ s ɕ x/&lt;br /&gt;
# /V̀/ cannot occur after /ŋ̊ kʰ dʑʱ sʰ ɕʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
# /i̙ e̙ a̙ o̙/ cannot occur after /ŋ kʰ k dʑʱ/&lt;br /&gt;
# i i̙ e e̙ a a̙ o o̙ &amp;gt; ʑ̩ i ɪ e ɛ a ø o / {ɕ(ʰ),j}_&lt;br /&gt;
# i i̙ e e̙ a a̙ o o̙ &amp;gt; ɨ i ə e ɑ a ɔ o / {ɰ,w}_&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Adjectives ===&lt;br /&gt;
Adjectives all end in -ó.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Word Order ===&lt;br /&gt;
Note to self: Make changes to word order at any point you would like!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
TOP - PP - ADJ - TAM - ADV - A1 - A2 - A3 - V1 - B1 - B2 - B3 - V2 - ADJ - AX - PP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* TOP: A topic is op tional, and primarily only included for emphasis, introduction, change of situation, surprise, questions, and answers.&lt;br /&gt;
* PP: The posposition following the topic marks its case if it is not the subject (i.e. agent or highly respected object). Postpositions following postverbal nouns mark their case as well.&lt;br /&gt;
* ADJ: Adjectives follow a topic or its postposition. Preverbal nouns cannot have adjectives. Adjectives precede postverbal nouns.&lt;br /&gt;
* TAM: TAM is a particle or two marking tense, aspect, and/or mood. Usually, the tense marker is separate from the aspect-mood marker, but it&#039;s only used if the implied tense from the AM is inaccurate.&lt;br /&gt;
* ADV: Adverbs are only distinguished from arguments if there are few arguments mentioned (typically 3-4, no more than 6). When there are many arguments, any adverbial statements must be converted into arguments themselves, following the verbs.&lt;br /&gt;
* A1-3: Arguments 1-3 are the subject, indirect object, and direct object, respectively. They are placed in that exact order when preceding the verb. The order for the others remains intact if one is placed in the position of topic. Arguments 1-3 retain their order but are all placed after the verbs if any one of them (that is not the topic) is modified by an adjective. When any of the 3 arguments are omitted, a prefix with the personhood and obviation of the omitted argument(s) is attached to the first verb.&lt;br /&gt;
* V1: Verb 1 is the main verb.&lt;br /&gt;
* B1-3: These are arguments 1-3 but of Verb 2 rather than Verb 1. These arguments cannot be modified, topicalized, or placed after the verbs.&lt;br /&gt;
* V2: Verb 2 is a finite verb, where the order of V1-V2 is a converb. Any arguments beyond the primary three for Verb 2 cannot be included in the same sentence.&lt;br /&gt;
* AX: Arguments X are the miscellaneous arguments of Verb 1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -E ==&lt;br /&gt;
Pink: coda only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blue: onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Purple: word-medial onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uncolored: any position&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Pharyngeal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m m&lt;br /&gt;
|mʲ mj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ n&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʲ nj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʰ t&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʰʲ tj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ k&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲʰ kj&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷʰ ku&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |t d&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʲ dj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k g&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ gj&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ gu&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ʔ q&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʰ c&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲʰ cj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s z&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲ zj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ f&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸʲ fj&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |s s&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲ sj&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ɕ sjj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |x x&lt;br /&gt;
|xʲ xj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |ħ h&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |h &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |sː ss&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ɕ̟ː ssj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |ɾ r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j y&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ v&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ w&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰʲ wj&lt;br /&gt;
|w wu&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
kʷʰ kʷ w &amp;gt; pʰ p b / _($)(C)o&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/K(ʷ) Kʲ/ = [K̠(ʷ) K̟]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/ħ/ can only precede /e(ː)/ or /a(ː)/&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
|i i&lt;br /&gt;
|iː ī&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e e&lt;br /&gt;
|eː ē&lt;br /&gt;
|o o&lt;br /&gt;
|oː ō&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a a&lt;br /&gt;
|aː ā&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Noun Class ===&lt;br /&gt;
The following are classes for nouns.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -o: blooming flower (associated with life, vulnerability, singular success, youth, love (all kinds), the self, spirit, soul, novelty, beginnings)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ui: withering flower (associated with death, ends, cumulative success, maturity, wisdom, knowledge)&lt;br /&gt;
# -enj: day (associated with colors, grandeur, vastness, the sea, water, light)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ī: night (associated with darkness, sleep, dreams, black vs. white, simplicity, revelation)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The following are classes for verbs, adjectives, adverbs and particles that agree with nouns. Adverbs agree with the topic noun. Verbs agree with the patient noun when it is animate. Verbs agree with the agent noun if the patient noun is inanimate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -i, -e, -yV: cute&lt;br /&gt;
# -a, -ā, -akj: beautiful&lt;br /&gt;
# -n: alien&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Particles for verbs are marked for familiar (cute and beautiful are merged), and alien classes but unpredictably. These agree with the verb.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects_2&amp;diff=39627</id>
		<title>Trace Deeplects 2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects_2&amp;diff=39627"/>
		<updated>2026-05-07T01:23:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: /* Deeplect -E */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Im making this page because [[Trace Deeplects]] crashes every time I edit it now.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -F ==&lt;br /&gt;
Pink: onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blue: word-medial onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uncolored: any position&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
!Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ŋ̊ nh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|m m&lt;br /&gt;
|n n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ g&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ gu&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |kʰ kh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |t t&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |k k&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |dʑʱ j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |sʰ sh&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ɕʰ ch&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ f&lt;br /&gt;
|s s&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ c&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |x x&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
!Unrounded&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l l&lt;br /&gt;
|j y&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ w&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Rounded&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ yu&lt;br /&gt;
|w wu&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# m &amp;gt; mʲ / _{i,e,a}[–RTR]&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ ɴ k x &amp;gt; ɲ ŋʷ k̟ x̟ / _{i,e}&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ &amp;gt; k̟ʰ / _{i,e,a}&lt;br /&gt;
# k x &amp;gt; k̠ x̠ / _{a,o}&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ &amp;gt; k̠ʰ / _o&lt;br /&gt;
# l &amp;gt; ɾ / {i,e}_{i,e}&lt;br /&gt;
# dʑʱi dʑʱiʱ &amp;gt; dʑʑ̩ dʑʱʑ̩ʱ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Close&lt;br /&gt;
!Modal&lt;br /&gt;
|i í&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ ír&lt;br /&gt;
|i i&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ ir&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Breathy&lt;br /&gt;
|iʱ íh&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ʱ írh&lt;br /&gt;
|iʱ ih&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ʱ irh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|iˀ í&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ˀ ír&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|iˀ i&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ˀ ir&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
!Modal&lt;br /&gt;
|e é&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ ér&lt;br /&gt;
|e e&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ er&lt;br /&gt;
|o ó&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ ór&lt;br /&gt;
|o o&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ or&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Breathy&lt;br /&gt;
|eʱ éh&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ʱ érh&lt;br /&gt;
|eʱ eh&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ʱ erh&lt;br /&gt;
|oʱ óh&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ʱ órh&lt;br /&gt;
|oʱ oh&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ʱ orh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|eˀ é&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ˀ ér&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|eˀ e&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ˀ er&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|oˀ ó&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ˀ ór&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|oˀ o&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ˀ or&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Open&lt;br /&gt;
!Modal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a á&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ ár&lt;br /&gt;
|a a&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ ar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Breathy&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|aʱ áh&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ʱ árh&lt;br /&gt;
|aʱ ah&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ʱ arh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|aˀ á&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ˀ ár&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|aˀ a&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ˀ ar&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# /V́/ cannot occur after /m n ŋ ɴ t k ɸ s ɕ x/&lt;br /&gt;
# /V̀/ cannot occur after /ŋ̊ kʰ dʑʱ sʰ ɕʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
# /i̙ e̙ a̙ o̙/ cannot occur after /ŋ kʰ k dʑʱ/&lt;br /&gt;
# i i̙ e e̙ a a̙ o o̙ &amp;gt; ʑ̩ i ɪ e ɛ a ø o / {ɕ(ʰ),j}_&lt;br /&gt;
# i i̙ e e̙ a a̙ o o̙ &amp;gt; ɨ i ə e ɑ a ɔ o / {ɰ,w}_&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Adjectives ===&lt;br /&gt;
Adjectives all end in -ó.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Word Order ===&lt;br /&gt;
Note to self: Make changes to word order at any point you would like!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
TOP - PP - ADJ - TAM - ADV - A1 - A2 - A3 - V1 - B1 - B2 - B3 - V2 - ADJ - AX - PP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* TOP: A topic is op tional, and primarily only included for emphasis, introduction, change of situation, surprise, questions, and answers.&lt;br /&gt;
* PP: The posposition following the topic marks its case if it is not the subject (i.e. agent or highly respected object). Postpositions following postverbal nouns mark their case as well.&lt;br /&gt;
* ADJ: Adjectives follow a topic or its postposition. Preverbal nouns cannot have adjectives. Adjectives precede postverbal nouns.&lt;br /&gt;
* TAM: TAM is a particle or two marking tense, aspect, and/or mood. Usually, the tense marker is separate from the aspect-mood marker, but it&#039;s only used if the implied tense from the AM is inaccurate.&lt;br /&gt;
* ADV: Adverbs are only distinguished from arguments if there are few arguments mentioned (typically 3-4, no more than 6). When there are many arguments, any adverbial statements must be converted into arguments themselves, following the verbs.&lt;br /&gt;
* A1-3: Arguments 1-3 are the subject, indirect object, and direct object, respectively. They are placed in that exact order when preceding the verb. The order for the others remains intact if one is placed in the position of topic. Arguments 1-3 retain their order but are all placed after the verbs if any one of them (that is not the topic) is modified by an adjective. When any of the 3 arguments are omitted, a prefix with the personhood and obviation of the omitted argument(s) is attached to the first verb.&lt;br /&gt;
* V1: Verb 1 is the main verb.&lt;br /&gt;
* B1-3: These are arguments 1-3 but of Verb 2 rather than Verb 1. These arguments cannot be modified, topicalized, or placed after the verbs.&lt;br /&gt;
* V2: Verb 2 is a finite verb, where the order of V1-V2 is a converb. Any arguments beyond the primary three for Verb 2 cannot be included in the same sentence.&lt;br /&gt;
* AX: Arguments X are the miscellaneous arguments of Verb 1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -E ==&lt;br /&gt;
Pink: coda only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blue: onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Purple: word-medial onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uncolored: any position&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Pharyngeal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m m&lt;br /&gt;
|mʲ mj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ n&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʲ nj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʰ t&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʰʲ tj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ k&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲʰ kj&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷʰ ku&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |t d&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʲ dj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k g&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ gj&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ gu&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ʔ q&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʰ c&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲʰ cj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s z&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲ zj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ f&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸʲ fj&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |s s&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲ sj&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ɕ sjj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |x x&lt;br /&gt;
|xʲ xj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ħ h&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |h &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |sː ss&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ɕ̟ː ssj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |ɾ r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j y&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ v&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ w&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰʲ wj&lt;br /&gt;
|w wu&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
kʷʰ kʷ w &amp;gt; pʰ p b / _($)(C)o&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/K(ʷ) Kʲ/ = [K̠(ʷ) K̟]&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
|i i&lt;br /&gt;
|iː ī&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e e&lt;br /&gt;
|eː ē&lt;br /&gt;
|o o&lt;br /&gt;
|oː ō&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a a&lt;br /&gt;
|aː ā&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Noun Class ===&lt;br /&gt;
The following are classes for nouns.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -o: blooming flower (associated with life, vulnerability, singular success, youth, love (all kinds), the self, spirit, soul, novelty, beginnings)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ui: withering flower (associated with death, ends, cumulative success, maturity, wisdom, knowledge)&lt;br /&gt;
# -enj: day (associated with colors, grandeur, vastness, the sea, water, light)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ī: night (associated with darkness, sleep, dreams, black vs. white, simplicity, revelation)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The following are classes for verbs, adjectives, adverbs and particles that agree with nouns. Adverbs agree with the topic noun. Verbs agree with the patient noun when it is animate. Verbs agree with the agent noun if the patient noun is inanimate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -i, -e, -yV: cute&lt;br /&gt;
# -a, -ā, -akj: beautiful&lt;br /&gt;
# -n: alien&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Particles for verbs are marked for familiar (cute and beautiful are merged), and alien classes but unpredictably. These agree with the verb.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects_2&amp;diff=39611</id>
		<title>Trace Deeplects 2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects_2&amp;diff=39611"/>
		<updated>2026-05-06T21:32:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Im making this page because [[Trace Deeplects]] crashes every time I edit it now.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -F ==&lt;br /&gt;
Pink: onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blue: word-medial onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uncolored: any position&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
!Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ŋ̊ nh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|m m&lt;br /&gt;
|n n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ g&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ gu&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |kʰ kh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |t t&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |k k&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |dʑʱ j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |sʰ sh&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ɕʰ ch&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ f&lt;br /&gt;
|s s&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ c&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |x x&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
!Unrounded&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l l&lt;br /&gt;
|j y&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ w&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Rounded&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ yu&lt;br /&gt;
|w wu&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# m &amp;gt; mʲ / _{i,e,a}[–RTR]&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ ɴ k x &amp;gt; ɲ ŋʷ k̟ x̟ / _{i,e}&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ &amp;gt; k̟ʰ / _{i,e,a}&lt;br /&gt;
# k x &amp;gt; k̠ x̠ / _{a,o}&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ &amp;gt; k̠ʰ / _o&lt;br /&gt;
# l &amp;gt; ɾ / {i,e}_{i,e}&lt;br /&gt;
# dʑʱi dʑʱiʱ &amp;gt; dʑʑ̩ dʑʱʑ̩ʱ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Close&lt;br /&gt;
!Modal&lt;br /&gt;
|i í&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ ír&lt;br /&gt;
|i i&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ ir&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Breathy&lt;br /&gt;
|iʱ íh&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ʱ írh&lt;br /&gt;
|iʱ ih&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ʱ irh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|iˀ í&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ˀ ír&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|iˀ i&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ˀ ir&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
!Modal&lt;br /&gt;
|e é&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ ér&lt;br /&gt;
|e e&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ er&lt;br /&gt;
|o ó&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ ór&lt;br /&gt;
|o o&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ or&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Breathy&lt;br /&gt;
|eʱ éh&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ʱ érh&lt;br /&gt;
|eʱ eh&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ʱ erh&lt;br /&gt;
|oʱ óh&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ʱ órh&lt;br /&gt;
|oʱ oh&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ʱ orh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|eˀ é&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ˀ ér&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|eˀ e&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ˀ er&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|oˀ ó&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ˀ ór&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|oˀ o&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ˀ or&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Open&lt;br /&gt;
!Modal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a á&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ ár&lt;br /&gt;
|a a&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ ar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Breathy&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|aʱ áh&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ʱ árh&lt;br /&gt;
|aʱ ah&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ʱ arh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|aˀ á&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ˀ ár&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|aˀ a&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ˀ ar&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# /V́/ cannot occur after /m n ŋ ɴ t k ɸ s ɕ x/&lt;br /&gt;
# /V̀/ cannot occur after /ŋ̊ kʰ dʑʱ sʰ ɕʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
# /i̙ e̙ a̙ o̙/ cannot occur after /ŋ kʰ k dʑʱ/&lt;br /&gt;
# i i̙ e e̙ a a̙ o o̙ &amp;gt; ʑ̩ i ɪ e ɛ a ø o / {ɕ(ʰ),j}_&lt;br /&gt;
# i i̙ e e̙ a a̙ o o̙ &amp;gt; ɨ i ə e ɑ a ɔ o / {ɰ,w}_&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Adjectives ===&lt;br /&gt;
Adjectives all end in -ó.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Word Order ===&lt;br /&gt;
Note to self: Make changes to word order at any point you would like!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
TOP - PP - ADJ - TAM - ADV - A1 - A2 - A3 - V1 - B1 - B2 - B3 - V2 - ADJ - AX - PP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* TOP: A topic is op tional, and primarily only included for emphasis, introduction, change of situation, surprise, questions, and answers.&lt;br /&gt;
* PP: The posposition following the topic marks its case if it is not the subject (i.e. agent or highly respected object). Postpositions following postverbal nouns mark their case as well.&lt;br /&gt;
* ADJ: Adjectives follow a topic or its postposition. Preverbal nouns cannot have adjectives. Adjectives precede postverbal nouns.&lt;br /&gt;
* TAM: TAM is a particle or two marking tense, aspect, and/or mood. Usually, the tense marker is separate from the aspect-mood marker, but it&#039;s only used if the implied tense from the AM is inaccurate.&lt;br /&gt;
* ADV: Adverbs are only distinguished from arguments if there are few arguments mentioned (typically 3-4, no more than 6). When there are many arguments, any adverbial statements must be converted into arguments themselves, following the verbs.&lt;br /&gt;
* A1-3: Arguments 1-3 are the subject, indirect object, and direct object, respectively. They are placed in that exact order when preceding the verb. The order for the others remains intact if one is placed in the position of topic. Arguments 1-3 retain their order but are all placed after the verbs if any one of them (that is not the topic) is modified by an adjective. When any of the 3 arguments are omitted, a prefix with the personhood and obviation of the omitted argument(s) is attached to the first verb.&lt;br /&gt;
* V1: Verb 1 is the main verb.&lt;br /&gt;
* B1-3: These are arguments 1-3 but of Verb 2 rather than Verb 1. These arguments cannot be modified, topicalized, or placed after the verbs.&lt;br /&gt;
* V2: Verb 2 is a finite verb, where the order of V1-V2 is a converb. Any arguments beyond the primary three for Verb 2 cannot be included in the same sentence.&lt;br /&gt;
* AX: Arguments X are the miscellaneous arguments of Verb 1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -E ==&lt;br /&gt;
Pink: coda only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Green: onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Purple: word-medial onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uncolored: any position&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Pharyngeal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m m&lt;br /&gt;
|mʲ mj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ n&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʲ nj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʰ t&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʰʲ tj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ k&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲʰ kj&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷʰ ku&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |t d&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʲ dj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k g&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ gj&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ gu&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ʔ q&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʰ c&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲʰ cj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s z&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲ zj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ f&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸʲ fj&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |s s&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲ sj&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ɕ sjj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |x x&lt;br /&gt;
|xʲ xj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ħ h&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |h &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |sː ss&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ɕ̟ː ssj&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |ɾ r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j y&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ v&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ w&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰʲ wj&lt;br /&gt;
|w wu&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
kʷʰ kʷ w &amp;gt; pʰ p b / _($)(C)o&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/K(ʷ) Kʲ/ = [K̠(ʷ) K̟]&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
|i i&lt;br /&gt;
|iː ī&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e e&lt;br /&gt;
|eː ē&lt;br /&gt;
|o o&lt;br /&gt;
|oː ō&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a a&lt;br /&gt;
|aː ā&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Noun Class ===&lt;br /&gt;
The following are classes for nouns.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -o: blooming flower (associated with life, vulnerability, singular success, youth, love (all kinds), the self, spirit, soul, novelty, beginnings)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ui: withering flower (associated with death, ends, cumulative success, maturity, wisdom, knowledge)&lt;br /&gt;
# -enj: day (associated with colors, grandeur, vastness, the sea, water, light)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ī: night (associated with darkness, sleep, dreams, black vs. white, simplicity, revelation)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The following are classes for verbs, adjectives, adverbs and particles that agree with nouns. Adverbs agree with the topic noun. Verbs agree with the patient noun when it is animate. Verbs agree with the agent noun if the patient noun is inanimate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -i, -e, -yV: cute&lt;br /&gt;
# -a, -ā, -akj: beautiful&lt;br /&gt;
# -n: alien&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Particles for verbs are marked for familiar (cute and beautiful are merged), and alien classes but unpredictably. These agree with the verb.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects&amp;diff=39609</id>
		<title>Trace Deeplects</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects&amp;diff=39609"/>
		<updated>2026-05-06T20:32:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Trace Deeplects&#039;&#039;&#039; are incomplete portions of languages that have been detected in experiments attempting to verif’ the [[Deep Dimensional]] theory. While the strongest evidence for Deep Dimensional is the languages that have inexplicably appeared, [[MARA]] experiments have found trace amounts of languages in their investigations, giving it more credibility. However, measurement error is not ruled out. This article will contain all the information on every Trace Deeplect. Trace Deeplects are listed in order of their negative discovery.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a continuation of this page in [[Trace Deeplects 2]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -D ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Prepalatal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Prevelar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Postvelar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Emphatic&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Emphatic&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|mˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n &#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|nˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ̟ &#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṗh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʰʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;cv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;kv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lax&lt;br /&gt;
|p &#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|pˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṗ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t &#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ &#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡ &#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;qw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tense&lt;br /&gt;
|b &#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|bˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḍ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʷʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Continuant&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s &#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ &#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;šw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ç &#039;&#039;&#039;hy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|xʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ &#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;xw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|h &#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|hʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;hw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l &#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|w &#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ &#039;&#039;&#039;ġ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ġw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r &#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʀ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṛ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Syllabic Consonants ====&lt;br /&gt;
Syllabic consonants are romanized as double letters only when adjacent to two vowels or a nonsyllabic variant of each other.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Prepalatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Postvelar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;m, mm&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;n, nn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋ, ŋŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;s, ss&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;š, šš&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|x̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫ, ḫḫ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ̍ &#039;&#039;&#039;x, xx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħ, ħħ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;l, ll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;r, rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Central&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e &#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ &#039;&#039;&#039;oy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o &#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Near-Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɐ &#039;&#039;&#039;ay&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a &#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pitch-Accent ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -D uses seven pitch accents: high (ā [ꜛaꜜ]), mid (a [a]), low (ȧ [ꜜaꜛ]), falling (à [ꜛâꜜ]), rising (á [ǎꜛ]), high-falling (â [âꜜ]), and dipping (ǎ [â]), which can be placed on any mora except for the final one. All vowels and all syllabic consonants can receive a pitch accent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;High&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent gives only one mora a high tone while the rest have low tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Mid&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent makes a word retain low tone throughout (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Low&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent gives one more a low tone while the rest have high tone (H-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-H)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Falling&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes the tone of one mora from high to low while the rest of the morae have a low tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HL&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Rising&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes one mora&#039;s tone from low to high while the preceding morae have a low tone and the following morae have a high tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;LH&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-H)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;High-falling&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes one mora&#039;s tone from high to mid while the preceding morae have a high tone and the following morae have a low tone (H-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HM&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Dipping&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes the tone of one mora from high to low while the rest of the morae have a mid tone (M-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HL&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-M)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
(C)V&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Three of the same phoneme cannot occur in a row; syllabic consonants count as consonants in this rule.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
E: /e/, [i ɪ e̞ ɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Y: /ɲ̟ c̟ʰ c̟ʰʷ c̟ c̟ʷ c̟ʼ c̟ʷʼ ɕ ɕʷ ç j/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# /C₁C̩₁ C̩₁C₁/ = [C₁ːː C₁ːː]&lt;br /&gt;
# /C̩V VC̩/ = [CːV VCː]&lt;br /&gt;
# /e ɵ o/ = [e̞ ɵ̞ o̞]&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ o̞ ɵ̞ → ɛ ɞ ɔ / {_#,#_%,V_%}&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → ɪ ɵ ʊ ɘ ɜ / _Cː&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → i ʉ u ɨ ə / _Cːː&lt;br /&gt;
# ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → ø̞ ɵ̞ æ̝ æ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ɞ ɔ → œ ɞ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ʊ ɵ ɘ ɜ → ʉ̞ ø e ɛ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# u ʉ ɨ ə → ʉ y ɪ e̞ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ(ʷ) → ɴ(ʷ) / _{a,ɐ,ɔ,o,ʊ}&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ(ʷ) → ɴ(ʷ) / {a,ɐ,ɔ,o,ʊ}_%&lt;br /&gt;
# C̩[-labial] → C̩[-labial]ʷ / C[+labial]_&lt;br /&gt;
# F̩[-voice] → F̩[+voice] / C[+voice]_&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Word Formation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -D&#039;s word formation is unusual. The etymology of words comes from an abstract dimension where tracing the language consistently to its proto-form becomes impossible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -C ṡżṠŻǎǔǐěǒẽĩũẙů ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonemic Inventory ===&lt;br /&gt;
==== Onsets ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Coronal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Peripheral&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|nː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|mː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|tʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|kˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|tː&lt;br /&gt;
|tʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|kː&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|kˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|sʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|sː&lt;br /&gt;
|sʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|lʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|lʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|lˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Nuclei ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Coronal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Occlusive&lt;br /&gt;
!Spread glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|ḿ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|ń̩&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̩́&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Constricted glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|m̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|ǹ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Continuant&lt;br /&gt;
!Spread glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŕ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ó&lt;br /&gt;
|é&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Constricted glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ò&lt;br /&gt;
|è&lt;br /&gt;
|à&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# (C)V&lt;br /&gt;
# Geminates can only occur word-medially&lt;br /&gt;
# Syllabic obstruents cannot immediately precede a syllabic resonant.&lt;br /&gt;
# /n̩/ and /ŋ̩/ cannot be word-intial.&lt;br /&gt;
# Syllabic nasals can only be adjacent to vowels or other syllabic nasals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Secondary articulations in onsets are typically contained within the time of articulation of the main articulation. There may be an onglide, but never an offglide.&lt;br /&gt;
# Secondary articulations in nuclei very often result in an offglide, which is fricated in the case of aspirated consonants.&lt;br /&gt;
# Tenuis syllabic obstruents are geminated.&lt;br /&gt;
# /t͡sʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) s̩ʷ(ː) sʲ(ː) s̩ʲ(ː)/ are realized as [t͜s͡ɸ(ː) s͡ɸ(ː) s̩͡ɸ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɕ̩(ː)]&lt;br /&gt;
# /e o/ become [ɛ ɔ] following a pharyngealized consonant.&lt;br /&gt;
# /a/ becomes [e] after /e/, except when /e/ is [ɛ], then /a/ becomes [ɛ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /a/ becomes [o] after /o/, except when /o/ is [ɔ], then /a/ becomes [ɔ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /e/ becomes [i] after /e/.&lt;br /&gt;
# /o/ becomes [u] after /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /t(ː) t͡s(ː) s(ː) l n h/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ ɲ ç] and /e/ becomes [i].&lt;br /&gt;
#* /tʲ(ː) t͡sʲ(ː) sʲ(ː) lʲ/ merge with /t(ː) t͡s(ː) s(ː) l/ before /e/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tʷ(ː) t͡sʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) lʷ/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ] and /e/ becomes [y].&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tˤ(ː) t͡sˤ(ː) sˤ(ː) lˤ/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ] and /e/ becomes [ɛ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /t(ː) s(ː) l n h/ become [p(ː) s͡ɸ(ː) ⱱ̟ m ʍ] before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
#* /tʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) lʷ/ merge with /t(ː) s(ː) l/ before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
#* /n/ merges with [m] before /o/, but /nː/ remains [nː].&lt;br /&gt;
# /tʲ(ː) lʲ/ become [pʲ(ː) ⱱ̟ʲ] before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tˤ(ː) lˤ/ precede /o/, they become [pˤ(ː) ⱱ̟ˤ] and /o/ becomes [ɔ].&lt;br /&gt;
# Word-initial /m̩/ assimilates to the place of articulation of the last phone of the previous word. If it cannot do so, it assimilates to the place of articulation of the following phone. If it cannot do so either, it remains [m̩].&lt;br /&gt;
# Word-initial /m̩/ experiences sandhi from the tone of the previous word&#039;s final syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
# /r̩/ becomes [l̩] when next to a vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
# Low tones become falling tones when preceded by only one phonemic high tone.&lt;br /&gt;
# High tones become rising tones when preceded by only one phonemic low tone.&lt;br /&gt;
# Low tones merge with high tones when preceded by a rising tone&lt;br /&gt;
# High tones merge with low tones when preceded by a falling tone&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Romanization ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Onsets&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Nuclei&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![m]&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
![mː]&lt;br /&gt;
|mm&lt;br /&gt;
![í]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
![ì]&lt;br /&gt;
|ī&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![n]&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
![nː]&lt;br /&gt;
|nn&lt;br /&gt;
![ý]&lt;br /&gt;
|ü&lt;br /&gt;
![ỳ]&lt;br /&gt;
|û&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|nj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
![é]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
![è]&lt;br /&gt;
|ē&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
![ɛ́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ë&lt;br /&gt;
![ɛ̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|ê&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![p]&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
![pː]&lt;br /&gt;
|pp&lt;br /&gt;
![á]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
![à]&lt;br /&gt;
|ā&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![pʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|pj&lt;br /&gt;
![pʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ppj&lt;br /&gt;
![ú]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
![ù]&lt;br /&gt;
|ū&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![pˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|pg&lt;br /&gt;
![pˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ppg&lt;br /&gt;
![ó]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
![ò]&lt;br /&gt;
|ō&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t]&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
![tː]&lt;br /&gt;
|tt&lt;br /&gt;
![ɔ́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ö&lt;br /&gt;
![ɔ̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|ô&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tv&lt;br /&gt;
![tʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttv&lt;br /&gt;
![ḿ̩, ḿ̩ʲ, ḿ̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ym&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot;&amp;gt;⟨y⟩ may optionally be omitted if the syllabic consonant follows a vowel but does not precede one.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![m̩̀, m̩̀ʲ, m̩̀ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tj&lt;br /&gt;
![tʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttj&lt;br /&gt;
![ń̩, ń̩ʷ, ń̩ʲ, ń̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yn&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ǹ̩, ǹ̩ʷ, ǹ̩ʲ, ǹ̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’n&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tg&lt;br /&gt;
![tˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttg&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ̩́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ynj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’nj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![c]&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
![cː]&lt;br /&gt;
|cc&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ̩́, ŋ̩́ʷ, ŋ̩́ʲ, ŋ̩́ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yng&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ̩̀, ŋ̩̀ʷ, ŋ̩̀ʲ, ŋ̩̀ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’ng&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![k]&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
![kː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kk&lt;br /&gt;
![ŕ̩]&lt;br /&gt;
|yr&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![r̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kv&lt;br /&gt;
![kʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkv&lt;br /&gt;
![ĺ̩]&lt;br /&gt;
|yl&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![l̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kj&lt;br /&gt;
![kʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkj&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʷʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ytv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’tv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kg&lt;br /&gt;
![kˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkg&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʲʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ytj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’tj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡s]&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zz&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yt&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’t&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͜s͡ɸ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zv&lt;br /&gt;
![t͜s͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzv&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʷʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ykv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’kv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zj&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzj&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʲʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ykj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’kj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zg&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzg&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yk&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![c͡ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|x&lt;br /&gt;
![c͡ɕː]&lt;br /&gt;
|xx&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩͡ɸʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ysv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’sv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![s]&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
![sː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ss&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ys&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’s&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![s͡ɸ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sv&lt;br /&gt;
![s͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssv&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ̩ʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ysj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ̩ː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’sj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![sˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sg&lt;br /&gt;
![sˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sj&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ç]&lt;br /&gt;
|hj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ʍ]&lt;br /&gt;
|hv&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![h]&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟]&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟ʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|bj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|bg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![l]&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lv&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vocabulary ===&lt;br /&gt;
mākvylo (car) {{Ipa|/màkʷŕ̩ó/ [ma˩kʷl̩˩˥o˥]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
haerī (bicycle) {{Ipa|/háélì/ [ha˥e˥ɾi˥˩]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
boccü (dog) {{Ipa|/lótʷːé/ [ⱱ̟o˥cːy˥]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
mō’kv (person) {{Ipa|/mòk̩ʷː/ [mo˩k̩ːʷ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
akām (dot) {{Ipa|/ákàm̩̀/ [a˥ka˥˩m̩˩]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -B ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |PULMONIC&lt;br /&gt;
CONSONANTS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Pharyngeal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|m~w̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n~ɾ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ~j̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ~ɰ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀm&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|b͡pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;bp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ d͡tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;th dt&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲʰ d͡tʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ch dc&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|qʰ ɡ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kh gk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ d͡tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t’ dt’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲʼ d͡tʲʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’ dc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ ɢ͡qʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’ gk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!implosive&lt;br /&gt;
|ɓ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;b’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|b͡β&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;bv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cs&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ͡ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;yy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡x ɡ͡ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kx gx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡t͜sʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ds&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡t͜ɕʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dcs&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡k͜xʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ɕʼ d͡t͜ɕʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cs’ dcs’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡xʼ ɡ͡k͜xʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kx’ gx’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|β&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɮ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ ɮʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s zy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|x~χ ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|w~b&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|l~d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ~ɡ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʜ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
p ś ł ṭ ṣ j&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |CLICKS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Prealveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nśh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nłh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;njh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mp’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; |Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!delayed release&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;pk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|‼͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼋͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;pk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|‼͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼋͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gśh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;głh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gjh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gp’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!VOWELS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|i̝&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ii&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|u̝&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|i~ɪ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|u~ʊ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ə ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ẹ  oy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɞ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ọy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ọ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ạ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Words can either be monosyllabic and contain contour or level tones, or be polysyllabic and only contain level tones.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!TONES&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
|H&lt;br /&gt;
|HM&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|M&lt;br /&gt;
|ML&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|LM&lt;br /&gt;
|L&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -A ==&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -A is intended to create a manner of communication that involves very little complexity, whether that be phonological, grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic, and therefore easy and intuitive to learn from any linguistic background. Words do not take on parts of speech (noun, verb, etc.) or grammatical roles (subject, object, etc.) typical of natural languages. The syntactic structure is based purely on the relationships of emphasized words, unemphasized words, and pauses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Vocabulary&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* small: ki&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe small size, quantity, height, social position, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* big: on&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe large size, quantity, height, social position, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* move: ne&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe living things, fluids, motion, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* stay: at&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe unmoving things, solids, the ground, some locations, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* subject: e (subject of discussion, not gramamtical subject)&lt;br /&gt;
* not: su&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Syntax&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; = unemphasized word; &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; = emphasized word&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* uE: &#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; performs as a topic, &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; performs as a comment modifying the topic.&lt;br /&gt;
* Eu: &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; performs as a novel topic, &#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; performs as a comment modifying the novel topic.&lt;br /&gt;
* u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks plurality&lt;br /&gt;
* E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks emphasis&lt;br /&gt;
* u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;/E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks addition or comparison depending on context&lt;br /&gt;
* Lack of pauses indicate a continuous idea.&lt;br /&gt;
* Brief pauses (marked with commas) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the previous one.&lt;br /&gt;
* Medial pauses (marked with periods ) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the multiple previous ideas. Which previous ideas they are is left up to context.&lt;br /&gt;
* Long pauses (marked with elipses) indicate the beginning of an idea unrelates to the previous ones.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Expressions&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Ownership is expressed with &amp;quot;e ON e KI&amp;quot;, translating to &amp;quot;This is big and/but that is small.&amp;quot; This can also be used to compare sizes or quantities of &amp;quot;this&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;that&amp;quot;, depending on context.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big and small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e on e ki&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This, a big thing, that, and a small thing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON E KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big, the other thing, and small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON, e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big, meanwhile that is small.&amp;quot; This is more often used for comparison of the sizes between &amp;quot;this&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;that&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON. e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;...and this is big. Additionally, that is small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;E on, e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;As for this, this is big, and/but that is small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;E on e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;As for this, this is big and the other thing. There is also a small thing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -9 ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonant ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Laryngeal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m̥&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑʇ&lt;br /&gt;
|n̥&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;mh/ṁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nh/ṅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ny/ņ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ňh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|bʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏʇʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|dʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʰʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;bh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǰh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ķh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|tɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|cʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;č&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǰ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ķ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Rhinoglottic&lt;br /&gt;
|pʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵐb&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏʇˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ⁿd&lt;br /&gt;
|tɕʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᶮɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᶮɟʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑg&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑgʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|kᶣʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑgᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;pp&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nb&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;tt&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nd&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;cc&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;jj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǰ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kk&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ḱḱ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǵ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩǩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ&lt;br /&gt;
|β&lt;br /&gt;
|θ~s̪&lt;br /&gt;
|ð~z̪&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|ç&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|çʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ç&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ś&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ź&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ž&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǵ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l̥&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ̞&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;lh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tap&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥ᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;rh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;řh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ř&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŗh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŗ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Unround&lt;br /&gt;
!Round&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|ỹ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɨ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɨ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʊ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;õ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|ẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|ø̃&lt;br /&gt;
|ɘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ẽ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ë&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|ɛ~æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɔ~ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Grammar ===&lt;br /&gt;
Nouns usually have either feminine or masculine gender. Nouns and proper nouns referring to people can have feminine, masculine, or femasculine. Proper nouns not referring to people are always femasculine. There is some precedent for nouns or proper nouns with the opposite gender that they&#039;re supposed to have being used for alternative versions of the original word. This is primarily used in fiction and physics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -9 has a complex way of marking gender, topic, number, transitivity, specificity, and adjectives that makes them interconnected.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc //-bʰi//, //-te//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem //-ⁿd//, //-l//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc //-bʰiⁿd//, //-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Noun Declensions (&#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Topic within noun phrase&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Topic not within noun phrase&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Subject&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Object&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Subject&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Object&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Noun Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjective Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Noun Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjective Topic&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Generic&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |V &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Singular&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadte&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachte&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaach&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaach&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhal&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhol&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhon&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhon&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadtel&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachontel&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachon&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaachon&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadte&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhite&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhal&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhandal&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadtel&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhindel&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Plural&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Distributive&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Verbs&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Intransitive&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjectives&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the following charts, small asterisked words are atypical declensions.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nouns&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Singular&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Singular&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Singular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//Ø//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ⁿd//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-bʰi//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-bʰiⁿd//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-l//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-te//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-on//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-js//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-json//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!friend&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽnd&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽl&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽte&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽtel&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽon&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽys&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!watermelon&lt;br /&gt;
|vilh&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilnd&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*vill&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhte&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhon&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhx&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!sun&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁ&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńamnd&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaml&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁte&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁon&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁx&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!moon&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗnd&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗl&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhte&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhon&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhx&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!day&lt;br /&gt;
|ma&lt;br /&gt;
|mand&lt;br /&gt;
|*mabhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*mabhind&lt;br /&gt;
|mal&lt;br /&gt;
|*mate&lt;br /&gt;
|*matel&lt;br /&gt;
|maon&lt;br /&gt;
|*mays&lt;br /&gt;
|*mayson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!night&lt;br /&gt;
|bhai&lt;br /&gt;
|bhaind&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaibhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaibhind&lt;br /&gt;
|bhail&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaite&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaitel&lt;br /&gt;
|bhaion&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaiys&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaiyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!day sky&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩnd&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩl&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩte&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩtel&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩon&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩys&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!night sky&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;att&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attand&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;attibhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attibhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attal&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;atte&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attel&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;atton&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;attis&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attison&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!cloud&lt;br /&gt;
|lhä&lt;br /&gt;
|lhänd&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|lhäl&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäte&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhätel&lt;br /&gt;
|lhäon&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäys&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!paper&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũnd&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;bhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;bhind&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũl&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;te&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;tel&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũ&#039;on&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;x&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;xon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!computer&lt;br /&gt;
|zhoto&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotond&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotobhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotobhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotol&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotote&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhototel&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotoon&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotoys&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotoyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!person&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadh&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhand&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhal&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadte&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadtel&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhon&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhx&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Verbs&lt;br /&gt;
!Intransitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//Ø//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-r̥//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ʊ̃//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ʊ̃r̥//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!like&lt;br /&gt;
|qad&lt;br /&gt;
|qatŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|qadõ&lt;br /&gt;
|qadõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!want&lt;br /&gt;
|chëk&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkõ&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!have&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!give&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõ&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõõ&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!receive/take&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;e&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!eat/drink&lt;br /&gt;
|mäx&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxõ&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!breathe&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhim&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!say&lt;br /&gt;
|ää&lt;br /&gt;
|ääŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ääõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ääõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!sing&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!go to&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!leave&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Adjectives&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//-β//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-i//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ɥ//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-l//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-te//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!happy&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaav&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaai&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaaw&lt;br /&gt;
|zaal&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaate&lt;br /&gt;
|zaatel&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!blue&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëv&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëi&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëw&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵël&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëte&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëtel&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -8 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!C&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
!V&lt;br /&gt;
!Non-Back&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* VS̥ʰ VS̬ʰ &amp;gt; V́S̥ V̀S̥ / _%&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)V(C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: any consonant except /ʔ h ɦ/&lt;br /&gt;
* V: any vowel&lt;br /&gt;
* C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: any consonant&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Transliterations ===&lt;br /&gt;
==== Latin ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Kana ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|Ø}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;い&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ミ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;み&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ニ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;に&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;び&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ち&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぢ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;き&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぎ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;し&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;キ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ギ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゐ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;り&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;いぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;う&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;む&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぬ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぷ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;び&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;つ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;づ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;く&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぐ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ク&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;グ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;うぅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;る&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゆ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;え&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;メ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;め&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ネ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ね&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;べ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;て&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;で&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;け&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;げ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ケ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゲ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゑ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;れ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;いぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;お&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;モ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;も&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ノ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;の&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぽ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;と&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ど&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;こ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ご&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぉ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぉ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;コ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;を&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ろ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;よ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;あ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;マ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ま&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ナ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;な&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぱ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ば&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;た&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;だ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;か&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;が&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;カ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ガ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;わ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ら&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;や&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|Ø}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ニ゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;プ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ブ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ト&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ド&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ク゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ん&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;っ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;フ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;シ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ジ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ホ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ン&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゝ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゞ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ウ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ル&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;イ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -7 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect-7 divides words into 3 categories depending on how they can be perceived by the senses: proximal sensation, distal sensation, and general sensation. Deeplect -7-speakers recognize 6 senses in terms of these divisions: sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, and memory. The emotional sense refers to an individual being made to feel an emotion. The memorial sense refers to an individual forming a memory or recalling past memories.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Proximal sensation includes things whose perception is limited to a close range:&lt;br /&gt;
** any object by its texture&lt;br /&gt;
** whispering by sound&lt;br /&gt;
** blood by flavor&lt;br /&gt;
** paper by scent&lt;br /&gt;
** small insects by sight&lt;br /&gt;
** a dream by memory&lt;br /&gt;
* Distal sensation includes things whose perception is &#039;&#039;&#039;not&#039;&#039;&#039; limited to a close range:&lt;br /&gt;
** weather by its temperature&lt;br /&gt;
** shouting by sound&lt;br /&gt;
** chocolate by expectation-induced flavor&lt;br /&gt;
** a fart by scent&lt;br /&gt;
** a building by sight&lt;br /&gt;
** a bear at a zoo by memory&lt;br /&gt;
* General sensation always includes the conceptualization of an object, and senses that are more strongly associated with the concept of it than the sensation of it. Some objects have no associated sensations with them such as&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Often, what translates to a single word in English is split into two or three words depending on how they are experienced in a sentence.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Vocabulary List&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Deeplect -7&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |English&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Word&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Translation&lt;br /&gt;
!Context&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|general: &#039;&#039;visual, conceptual&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[sâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|distal: &#039;&#039;auditory, memorial&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[θâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|proximal: &#039;&#039;tactile, olfactory, gustatory&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -6 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Every word is 6 morae long.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -5 ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -5 has a small consonant inventory with about half of its consonants being clicks. This small size is made up for in extreme allophony.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Dental&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Pulmonic&lt;br /&gt;
!Stop&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|hʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Click&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
X language has two levels of stress: primary and secondary. Primary stress is marked with vowel length and can have a high, low, falling, or rising tone. Secondary stress is marked with either a high or low tone. Primary stress is word-initial, but secondary stress is lexical.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|ẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
(C)(G)V(C); C = consonant; G = /t ʔ w j/; Q = click; V = vowel&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# pʔ tʔ &amp;gt; pʼ tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
# p t c ʔ s &amp;gt; b d ɟ ʔ̞ z / _{i,e} !{#,C̥}_&lt;br /&gt;
# d ǃ &amp;gt; ɟ ǂ / _i&lt;br /&gt;
# w l j &amp;gt; m n ɲ / {Ṽ_,_Ṽ}&lt;br /&gt;
# n t &amp;gt; ŋ k / _{u,ũ}&lt;br /&gt;
# l &amp;gt; ɾ / _{u,o,a}&lt;br /&gt;
# V &amp;gt; Ṽ / ᵑQ_&lt;br /&gt;
# ᵑǀw ᵑǃj &amp;gt; ᵑʘ ᵑǂ&lt;br /&gt;
# hʲ / Ø !_{i,ĩ,e,ẽ}&lt;br /&gt;
# QC / Ø !QC=!w&lt;br /&gt;
# CCC VVV ṼV VṼ CQ jʔ hʲʔ / Ø&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Romanization ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Vowel&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/p/&lt;br /&gt;
![p]&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
![b]&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/i/&lt;br /&gt;
![i]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
![ĩ]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/t/&lt;br /&gt;
![t]&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
![d]&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
![ɟ]&lt;br /&gt;
|dj&lt;br /&gt;
![k]&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
!/ĩ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ĩ]&lt;br /&gt;
|in&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ʔ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
![ʔ̞]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/u/&lt;br /&gt;
![u]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
![ũ]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/s/&lt;br /&gt;
![s]&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
![z]&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/ũ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ũ]&lt;br /&gt;
|un&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/hʲ/&lt;br /&gt;
![hʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/e/&lt;br /&gt;
![e]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
![ẽ]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/w/&lt;br /&gt;
![w]&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
![m]&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/ẽ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ẽ]&lt;br /&gt;
|en&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/l/&lt;br /&gt;
![l]&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
![ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
![n]&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
!/o/&lt;br /&gt;
![o]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
![õ]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/j/&lt;br /&gt;
![j]&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|nj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/a/&lt;br /&gt;
![a]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
![ã]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|cn&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǃ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǃ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qn&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǂ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qny&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/H/&lt;br /&gt;
![H]&lt;br /&gt;
|¯&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǀʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǀʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ch&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/L/&lt;br /&gt;
![L]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǃʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǃʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qh&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qh&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/HL/&lt;br /&gt;
![HL]&lt;br /&gt;
|ˋ&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǀˀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǀˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|c&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/LH&lt;br /&gt;
![LH]&lt;br /&gt;
|´&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǃˀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǃˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|q&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǂˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|q&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǀw/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑʘ]&lt;br /&gt;
|cm&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǃj/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǂ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qny&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -4.5 ==&lt;br /&gt;
This is a naturalistic dialect of Deeplect -4, used for situations where Deeplect -4 would be required to be naturalistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
All consonants can be lengthened except for /r̥ ɽ͡r ˀɽ/. All velars become palatal or palatalized after front vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tʼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʈ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɖ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|g&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡x&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡xʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ð&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɽ͡r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀʟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels and Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels have one of four tones: high, low, falling, and rising. Falling and rising tones are closer to the middle range than high or low. High tone is accompanied by preaspiration. On a word-initial vowel, the preaspiration is breathy. The preaspiration is converted into voiceless aspiration on any preceding voiceless consonant, and breathy voice on any preceding voiced consonant. Low tone is accompanied by creaky voice on the vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels are separated into 2 classes based on their phonotactic behavior and evolutionary history. Class 1 vowels have no phonotactic restrictions other than that they cannot form diphthongs with each other. These vowels originated from the proto-language&#039;s 3-vowel system /e a o/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Class 2 vowels must be preceded or followed by a consonant, or both, and cannot be adjacent to a Class 1 vowel. Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs with each other. These diphthongs use the same tone system as other vowels. Diphthongs with consonants involve sliding articulation. Class 2 diphthongs cannot be adjacent to each other and adhere to the same restrictions as Class 2 monophthongs. They are excluded from the charts because all Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs (or long vowels) with another and it is not specially notated in romanization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are three romanizations systems for Deeplect -4 which differ in vowel and tone notation. The Vohnegien&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Name created by [[Janus]].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; notation prioritized representing historical pronunciation such as syllabic consonants and their descendants being written with an vowel-initial diagraph upon which tones would be marked with diacritics. Vohnegien notation is seen as more outdated by some, but still used by a few scattered Deeplect -4-speaking regions and by linguists.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vohnegien Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨V⟩ here is used to represent a vowel, not the letter V.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̄&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̀&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V́&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Gritchend&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; approached notation from a modern pronunciation in which diacritics are used on consonants to show syllabicity and on vowels to show vowel quality. Gritchend elected to romanize tones with unused consonant letters. Gritchend notation is broadly considered the modern notation of the language and is used in most formal and informal contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Gritchend Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ń&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ḿ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the interest of avoiding the use of diacritics altogether, Vondenberg&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; combined the vowel notation of Vohnegien and tone notation of Gritchend. This more modern romanization is most often used in informal text messages and typing with decorative fonts, which often have poor diacritic support.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vondenberg Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -4 ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
All consonants can be lengthened except for /r̥ ɽ͡r ˀɽ/.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tʼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʈ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|cʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɖ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c͡ç&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c͡çʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ç&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ð&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɽ͡r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʎ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀʎ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels and Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels have one of four tones: high, low, falling, and rising. Falling and rising tones are closer to the middle range than high or low. High tone is accompanied by preaspiration. On a word-initial vowel, the preaspiration is breathy. The preaspiration is converted into voiceless aspiration on any preceding voiceless consonant, and breathy voice on any preceding voiced consonant. Low tone is accompanied by creaky voice on the vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels are separated into 2 classes based on their phonotactic behavior and evolutionary history. Class 1 vowels have no phonotactic restrictions other than that they cannot form diphthongs with each other. These vowels originated from the proto-language&#039;s 3-vowel system /e a o/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Class 2 vowels must be preceded or followed by a consonant, or both, and cannot be adjacent to a Class 1 vowel. Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs with each other. These diphthongs use the same tone system as other vowels. Diphthongs with consonants involve sliding articulation. Class 2 diphthongs cannot be adjacent to each other and adhere to the same restrictions as Class 2 monophthongs. They are excluded from the charts because all Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs (or long vowels) with another and it is not specially notated in romanization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are three romanizations systems for Deeplect -4 which differ in vowel and tone notation. The Vohnegien&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; notation prioritized representing historical pronunciation such as syllabic consonants and their descendants being written with an vowel-initial diagraph upon which tones would be marked with diacritics. Vohnegien notation is seen as more outdated by some, but still used by a few scattered Deeplect -4-speaking regions and by linguists.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vohnegien Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨V⟩ here is used to represent a vowel, not the letter V.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̄&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̀&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V́&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Gritchend&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; approached notation from a modern pronunciation in which diacritics are used on consonants to show syllabicity and on vowels to show vowel quality. Gritchend elected to romanize tones with unused consonant letters. Gritchend notation is broadly considered the modern notation of the language and is used in most formal and informal contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Gritchend Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ń&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ḿ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the interest of avoiding the use of diacritics altogether, Vondenberg&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; combined the vowel notation of Vohnegien and tone notation of Gritchend. This more modern romanization is most often used in informal text messages and typing with decorative fonts, which often have poor diacritic support.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vondenberg Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -3 ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-Click Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar/Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Laryngeal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Stop&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|p &#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡θ &#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t &#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s &#039;&#039;&#039;ts&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡ &#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d &#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡z &#039;&#039;&#039;dz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡ʒ &#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|g &#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s’ &#039;&#039;&#039;ts’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;q’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|ɓ &#039;&#039;&#039;b’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ &#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ &#039;&#039;&#039;gh’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ &#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s &#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ &#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ &#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ &#039;&#039;&#039;ž&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;š’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n &#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|β̞ &#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|lː &#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|r &#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|r̝ &#039;&#039;&#039;rz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Allophony ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* /t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ʃʼ ʄ k ɡ kʼ ɠ/ become [k͡x g͡ɣ k͡xʼ ɠ q ɢ qʼ ʛ] before low or back vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Click Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;mwh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘχ &#039;&#039;&#039;mwx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nzh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nzx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nkh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nllh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nllx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;njh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂχ &#039;&#039;&#039;njx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;mw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;wm&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;zn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;nk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;kn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;nll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;lln&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;jn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ploded&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;mw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘq &#039;&#039;&#039;mwq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀq &#039;&#039;&#039;nzq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃq &#039;&#039;&#039;nkq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁq &#039;&#039;&#039;nllq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂq &#039;&#039;&#039;njq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;wch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qʘχ &#039;&#039;&#039;wx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;zch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǀχ &#039;&#039;&#039;zx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;kch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǃχ &#039;&#039;&#039;kx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;llch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǁχ &#039;&#039;&#039;llx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;jch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǂχ &#039;&#039;&#039;jx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘx &#039;&#039;&#039;gwx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀx &#039;&#039;&#039;gzx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃx &#039;&#039;&#039;gkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁx &#039;&#039;&#039;gllx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂx &#039;&#039;&#039;gjx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;wh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;zh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;llh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gwh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gzh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gkh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gllh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gjh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘq &#039;&#039;&#039;wq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;cz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀq &#039;&#039;&#039;zq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;ck&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃq &#039;&#039;&#039;kq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;cll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁq &#039;&#039;&#039;llq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂq &#039;&#039;&#039;jq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;wg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;zg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;gk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;kg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;gll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;llg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;jg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;w’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;z’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;ll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;j’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gkʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gck’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;wc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;wq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;zc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;zq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;kc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;kq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;llc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;llq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
An apostrophe is placed between grapheme clusters that may be confused with whole graphemes, e.g. ⟨amwha⟩ is /a.ŋʘʰa/ and ⟨am’wha⟩ is /am.kʘʰa/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
The vowel qualities are /i u e o a ã/ ⟨i u e o a ã⟩, with the long vowels /iː uː ɛː ɔː ɑː ãː/ ⟨ī ū ē ō ā ãa⟩ and overlong vowels /iːː uːː eːːː oːːː aːːː ãːːː/ ⟨ii uu ee oo aa ãā⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The possible diphthongs are /ei eo oe oi ou oa ue ua ai ae au ao oã uã ãi ãe ãu ão/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phonations include modal, breathy ⟨◌h⟩, creaky ⟨◌’⟩, (all three of which can be pharyngealized ⟨◌·⟩), and strident ⟨◌ħ⟩. A long vowels and diphthongs can contain more than one phonation, but short and overlong vowels cannot.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels can be -ATR or +ATR ⟨◌y⟩, corresponding to tongue root harmony. This harmony can change voiceless plain stops to breathy stops (except /p/ which becomes [b]). It is a progressive harmony that begins from the start of a root word and is blocked by ejective and uvular consonants. +ATR is only romanized on the first vowel of a root word.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Allophony ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Vowels are nasalized whenever adjacent to nasal phonemes. /ã/ merges with /a/, so ⟨ã⟩ is not used adjacent to nasal phonemes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -2 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labiodental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɱ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɴ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Tense&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̪̊}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̪̊ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’tw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̥ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɟ̊}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɟ̊ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɢ̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɢ̥ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʡ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lax&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’dhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ghw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ð}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ðʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ðw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|zʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʝ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʝʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;yw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʁ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʁʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;xw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʜ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Vibrant&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ⱱ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|r}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|rʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|l̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|l}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʎ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʟ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Non-Front&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|í}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;í&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ì}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɨ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ú&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɨ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|é}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;é&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|è}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɘ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ó&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɘ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɐ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;á&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɐ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -1 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Grammar&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Gloss&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Description&lt;br /&gt;
!Examples&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!CAUS.GNO&lt;br /&gt;
|jɾa-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;production, resultation, consequence (gnomic and nouns)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kesˈteltɔ jɾaˈmiawa (earth brings life)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!CAUS&lt;br /&gt;
|ko-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;caused (tense, verbs only)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kes&#039;teltɔ koˈmiawe̤ (earth is causing life to exist)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOA&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -e̤&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of agent, MOA). MOA verbs receive an adverb? auxiliary verb? after, showing the precise action taking place if it isn&#039;t clear from the primary verb (it would be clear if the prim. verb was &amp;quot;to go to&amp;quot; but not if it&#039;s &amp;quot;to water&amp;quot;). unclear primary verbs used without secondary verbs are said to simply &amp;quot;be occuring&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;be existing&amp;quot;.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːje̤ (approaching water)&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtelte̤ (kicking the ground)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOS&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -ʕu&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of secondary thing, MOS). MOS places the object after the verb. objects and &amp;quot;secondary verbs&amp;quot; (referenced above) do not differ in marking&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːjʕu (splashing water on someone/watering something)&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈteltʕu (kicking dirt at something/someone)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOP&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -a(ʕim)&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of patient, MOP). MOP places its object before the verb. -ʕim is only added for formality, emphasis, or syntactic disambiguation.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːja(ʕim) ~ spraying water around&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtela(ʕim) ~ kicking up dirt&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
whether a verb is conjugated to MOA/MOS/MOP is determined by which action the speaker wants to focus on the most, even though usually 2 or 3 of them will be actually occuring&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
topic pronouns (marked for person, number, and obviation) are clitics that attach to a particle with some of their grammatical information (cases).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV1 ~ ũ=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV2 ~ nã=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV3 ~ ˈdeu=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV1 ~ in=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV2 ~ ja̤=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV3 ~ tḛːŋ=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV1 ~ ki=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV2 ~ ɾḛj=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV3 ~ aːn=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.PL.INCL ~ eˈdo=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.PL.EXCL ~ kʼe=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.PL.INCL ~ ˈkimi=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.PL.EXCL ~ ˈhuku=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV1 ~ sto=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV2 ~ ˈmihi=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV3 ~ aˈdoː=&lt;br /&gt;
# REFL ~ pi&lt;br /&gt;
#* used in stuff like drinking(MOS), eating(MOS), etc.&lt;br /&gt;
# nominative ~ i&lt;br /&gt;
# vocative ~ -ʃa̤,ja̤/i&#039;ja̤&lt;br /&gt;
# benefactive ~ -(ɾ)e/ri&lt;br /&gt;
# malefactive ~ -ḛːse/ḛːse&lt;br /&gt;
# dative ~ -ãw/ŋaw&lt;br /&gt;
# commitative ~ -(k,ɡ,ʼ)iː/kiː&lt;br /&gt;
# instrumental ~ -(s,z)ãʰː/zãʰː&lt;br /&gt;
# other case particles can be derived using class-less variants of words, which can get prefixed to a non-topic noun&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* sometimes the particle may be used alone instead of the pronoun clitic.&lt;br /&gt;
* the pronoun clitic can be attached to a word to show stronger volition toward that aspect of the action described in the sentence (i.e. TOP=[verb] for showing stronger intent for the action than the object, or TOP=[object] for the opposite). stronger volition toward one aspect often implies weaker volition or intent toward the rest (TOP=[verb] may imply accidentally affecting the object, and TOP=[object] may imply accidentally performing the action, but meaning to do something to the object).&lt;br /&gt;
* both or either of the pronoun clitic and particle may be omitted. omission only occurs in the event of redundance.&lt;br /&gt;
* there is a subject case particle.&lt;br /&gt;
* other NPs are listed in the beginning of the sentence in order of decreasing relevance. their cases (and conjunctions) are expressed in affixes, not a particle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* every part of speech has its own set of classes (they do not correspond to each other).&lt;br /&gt;
* modifiers are added by affixing the modifiee&#039;s class suffix and changing the modifiee&#039;s suffix to -aː (this assumes all classes affixes will be suffixes but maybe i wont do that)&lt;br /&gt;
*# kesˈteltɔ &#039;&#039;modified by&#039;&#039; beˈʔaɾa (cooled lava ground) &amp;gt; kesˈtelt&#039;&#039;&#039;-ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; beˈʔa-ɾa &amp;gt; kesˈtelt-aː beˈʔa-ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039;-ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;gt; kesˈteltaː beˈʔaɔ&lt;br /&gt;
* noun classes (suffixes and prefixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -a, -ɔ ~ fluid, changing (animals, thoughts, breath, wind, clothing, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ɾa ~ dangerous (lava, fire, poisonous food, weapon used, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# zũː- ~ machinery (car, computer, lock, some weapons merely existing)&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ- ~ valuable natural item (diamond, gold, ivory)&lt;br /&gt;
# tʰe- ~ material for use (wood, paper, ink, glue, metal, cloth)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ʔiː ~ natural (plants, sun, moon, dirt, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# -nõ ~ human, human-related concept, or thing altered by humanity (person, domesticated animals, weapon created, gods from secular perspective)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* verb classes (suffixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -e ~&lt;br /&gt;
# -l ~&lt;br /&gt;
# -a ~&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* adjective/adverb classes (prefixes):&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;unmarked&#039;&#039; ~ quality&lt;br /&gt;
* xe- ~ identity&lt;br /&gt;
* o- ~ relation&lt;br /&gt;
* adposition classes (suffixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* when creating a phrase or description, go with more actually-occurs options before hypothetical or culturally-specific ones (i.e. kesˈteltaː beˈʔaɾɔ is a ground of cooled lava, not the ground being molten lava as is pretended in the game &amp;quot;the floor is lava&amp;quot;, since the former is more likely to be used in a real situation than the latter)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtelt&#039;&#039;&#039;ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈbiːj&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kṵː&#039;&#039;&#039;ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ fire&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈmiaw&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ life&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;zũː&#039;&#039;&#039;kũː ~ metal, mechanical&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;kʰ&#039;&#039;&#039;uːihu ~ gold&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
beˈʔa&#039;&#039;&#039;ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ lava&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;ːsʼaː ~ wood&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
liˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ plant&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
oˈŋãi&#039;&#039;&#039;nõ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ human&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
eˈumĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ love&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
çiː&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ emotion(s)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
xkiˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ think, mind&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;nũː ~ paper&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;ˈʔjul ~ ink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;zũː&#039;&#039;&#039;mãi ~ pen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
he ~ move to&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
iːl ~ move at/in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ɬaː ~ express, release, secrete&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈtʰeŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ visible attribute&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kɔʔj&#039;&#039;&#039;ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ color, shadow, brightness, angle&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
tḛjjɔ ~ red, hot pink, orange, brown, violet&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
vɾiː ~ yellow, orange, lime, beige, white, pink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ħaːn ~ green, lime, evergreen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈijaɲ ~ cyan, mint&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈṳba ~ blue, indigo, purple, black&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
naːˈħal ~ dark yellow, muddy green&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ħũːe ~ correct, factual, verified, verifiable&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects&amp;diff=39608</id>
		<title>Trace Deeplects</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects&amp;diff=39608"/>
		<updated>2026-05-06T20:32:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Trace Deeplects&#039;&#039;&#039; are incomplete portions of languages that have been detected in experiments attempting to verif’ the [[Deep Dimensional]] theory. While the strongest evidence for Deep Dimensional is the languages that have inexplicably appeared, [[MARA]] experiments have found trace amounts of languages in their investigations, giving it more credibility. However, measurement error is not ruled out. This article will contain all the information on every Trace Deeplect. Trace Deeplects are listed in order of their negative discovery.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -D ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Prepalatal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Prevelar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Postvelar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Emphatic&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Emphatic&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|mˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n &#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|nˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ̟ &#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṗh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʰʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;cv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;kv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lax&lt;br /&gt;
|p &#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|pˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṗ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t &#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ &#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡ &#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;qw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tense&lt;br /&gt;
|b &#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|bˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḍ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʷʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Continuant&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s &#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ &#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;šw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ç &#039;&#039;&#039;hy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|xʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ &#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;xw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|h &#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|hʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;hw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l &#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|w &#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ &#039;&#039;&#039;ġ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ġw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r &#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʀ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṛ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Syllabic Consonants ====&lt;br /&gt;
Syllabic consonants are romanized as double letters only when adjacent to two vowels or a nonsyllabic variant of each other.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Prepalatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Postvelar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;m, mm&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;n, nn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋ, ŋŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;s, ss&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;š, šš&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|x̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫ, ḫḫ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ̍ &#039;&#039;&#039;x, xx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħ, ħħ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;l, ll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;r, rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Central&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e &#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ &#039;&#039;&#039;oy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o &#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Near-Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɐ &#039;&#039;&#039;ay&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a &#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pitch-Accent ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -D uses seven pitch accents: high (ā [ꜛaꜜ]), mid (a [a]), low (ȧ [ꜜaꜛ]), falling (à [ꜛâꜜ]), rising (á [ǎꜛ]), high-falling (â [âꜜ]), and dipping (ǎ [â]), which can be placed on any mora except for the final one. All vowels and all syllabic consonants can receive a pitch accent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;High&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent gives only one mora a high tone while the rest have low tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Mid&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent makes a word retain low tone throughout (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Low&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent gives one more a low tone while the rest have high tone (H-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-H)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Falling&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes the tone of one mora from high to low while the rest of the morae have a low tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HL&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Rising&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes one mora&#039;s tone from low to high while the preceding morae have a low tone and the following morae have a high tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;LH&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-H)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;High-falling&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes one mora&#039;s tone from high to mid while the preceding morae have a high tone and the following morae have a low tone (H-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HM&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Dipping&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes the tone of one mora from high to low while the rest of the morae have a mid tone (M-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HL&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-M)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
(C)V&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Three of the same phoneme cannot occur in a row; syllabic consonants count as consonants in this rule.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
E: /e/, [i ɪ e̞ ɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Y: /ɲ̟ c̟ʰ c̟ʰʷ c̟ c̟ʷ c̟ʼ c̟ʷʼ ɕ ɕʷ ç j/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# /C₁C̩₁ C̩₁C₁/ = [C₁ːː C₁ːː]&lt;br /&gt;
# /C̩V VC̩/ = [CːV VCː]&lt;br /&gt;
# /e ɵ o/ = [e̞ ɵ̞ o̞]&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ o̞ ɵ̞ → ɛ ɞ ɔ / {_#,#_%,V_%}&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → ɪ ɵ ʊ ɘ ɜ / _Cː&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → i ʉ u ɨ ə / _Cːː&lt;br /&gt;
# ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → ø̞ ɵ̞ æ̝ æ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ɞ ɔ → œ ɞ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ʊ ɵ ɘ ɜ → ʉ̞ ø e ɛ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# u ʉ ɨ ə → ʉ y ɪ e̞ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ(ʷ) → ɴ(ʷ) / _{a,ɐ,ɔ,o,ʊ}&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ(ʷ) → ɴ(ʷ) / {a,ɐ,ɔ,o,ʊ}_%&lt;br /&gt;
# C̩[-labial] → C̩[-labial]ʷ / C[+labial]_&lt;br /&gt;
# F̩[-voice] → F̩[+voice] / C[+voice]_&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Word Formation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -D&#039;s word formation is unusual. The etymology of words comes from an abstract dimension where tracing the language consistently to its proto-form becomes impossible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -C ṡżṠŻǎǔǐěǒẽĩũẙů ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonemic Inventory ===&lt;br /&gt;
==== Onsets ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Coronal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Peripheral&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|nː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|mː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|tʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|kˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|tː&lt;br /&gt;
|tʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|kː&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|kˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|sʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|sː&lt;br /&gt;
|sʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|lʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|lʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|lˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Nuclei ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Coronal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Occlusive&lt;br /&gt;
!Spread glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|ḿ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|ń̩&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̩́&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Constricted glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|m̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|ǹ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Continuant&lt;br /&gt;
!Spread glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŕ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ó&lt;br /&gt;
|é&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Constricted glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ò&lt;br /&gt;
|è&lt;br /&gt;
|à&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# (C)V&lt;br /&gt;
# Geminates can only occur word-medially&lt;br /&gt;
# Syllabic obstruents cannot immediately precede a syllabic resonant.&lt;br /&gt;
# /n̩/ and /ŋ̩/ cannot be word-intial.&lt;br /&gt;
# Syllabic nasals can only be adjacent to vowels or other syllabic nasals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Secondary articulations in onsets are typically contained within the time of articulation of the main articulation. There may be an onglide, but never an offglide.&lt;br /&gt;
# Secondary articulations in nuclei very often result in an offglide, which is fricated in the case of aspirated consonants.&lt;br /&gt;
# Tenuis syllabic obstruents are geminated.&lt;br /&gt;
# /t͡sʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) s̩ʷ(ː) sʲ(ː) s̩ʲ(ː)/ are realized as [t͜s͡ɸ(ː) s͡ɸ(ː) s̩͡ɸ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɕ̩(ː)]&lt;br /&gt;
# /e o/ become [ɛ ɔ] following a pharyngealized consonant.&lt;br /&gt;
# /a/ becomes [e] after /e/, except when /e/ is [ɛ], then /a/ becomes [ɛ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /a/ becomes [o] after /o/, except when /o/ is [ɔ], then /a/ becomes [ɔ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /e/ becomes [i] after /e/.&lt;br /&gt;
# /o/ becomes [u] after /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /t(ː) t͡s(ː) s(ː) l n h/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ ɲ ç] and /e/ becomes [i].&lt;br /&gt;
#* /tʲ(ː) t͡sʲ(ː) sʲ(ː) lʲ/ merge with /t(ː) t͡s(ː) s(ː) l/ before /e/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tʷ(ː) t͡sʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) lʷ/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ] and /e/ becomes [y].&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tˤ(ː) t͡sˤ(ː) sˤ(ː) lˤ/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ] and /e/ becomes [ɛ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /t(ː) s(ː) l n h/ become [p(ː) s͡ɸ(ː) ⱱ̟ m ʍ] before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
#* /tʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) lʷ/ merge with /t(ː) s(ː) l/ before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
#* /n/ merges with [m] before /o/, but /nː/ remains [nː].&lt;br /&gt;
# /tʲ(ː) lʲ/ become [pʲ(ː) ⱱ̟ʲ] before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tˤ(ː) lˤ/ precede /o/, they become [pˤ(ː) ⱱ̟ˤ] and /o/ becomes [ɔ].&lt;br /&gt;
# Word-initial /m̩/ assimilates to the place of articulation of the last phone of the previous word. If it cannot do so, it assimilates to the place of articulation of the following phone. If it cannot do so either, it remains [m̩].&lt;br /&gt;
# Word-initial /m̩/ experiences sandhi from the tone of the previous word&#039;s final syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
# /r̩/ becomes [l̩] when next to a vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
# Low tones become falling tones when preceded by only one phonemic high tone.&lt;br /&gt;
# High tones become rising tones when preceded by only one phonemic low tone.&lt;br /&gt;
# Low tones merge with high tones when preceded by a rising tone&lt;br /&gt;
# High tones merge with low tones when preceded by a falling tone&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Romanization ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Onsets&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Nuclei&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![m]&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
![mː]&lt;br /&gt;
|mm&lt;br /&gt;
![í]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
![ì]&lt;br /&gt;
|ī&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![n]&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
![nː]&lt;br /&gt;
|nn&lt;br /&gt;
![ý]&lt;br /&gt;
|ü&lt;br /&gt;
![ỳ]&lt;br /&gt;
|û&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|nj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
![é]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
![è]&lt;br /&gt;
|ē&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
![ɛ́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ë&lt;br /&gt;
![ɛ̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|ê&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![p]&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
![pː]&lt;br /&gt;
|pp&lt;br /&gt;
![á]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
![à]&lt;br /&gt;
|ā&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![pʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|pj&lt;br /&gt;
![pʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ppj&lt;br /&gt;
![ú]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
![ù]&lt;br /&gt;
|ū&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![pˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|pg&lt;br /&gt;
![pˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ppg&lt;br /&gt;
![ó]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
![ò]&lt;br /&gt;
|ō&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t]&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
![tː]&lt;br /&gt;
|tt&lt;br /&gt;
![ɔ́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ö&lt;br /&gt;
![ɔ̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|ô&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tv&lt;br /&gt;
![tʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttv&lt;br /&gt;
![ḿ̩, ḿ̩ʲ, ḿ̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ym&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot;&amp;gt;⟨y⟩ may optionally be omitted if the syllabic consonant follows a vowel but does not precede one.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![m̩̀, m̩̀ʲ, m̩̀ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tj&lt;br /&gt;
![tʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttj&lt;br /&gt;
![ń̩, ń̩ʷ, ń̩ʲ, ń̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yn&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ǹ̩, ǹ̩ʷ, ǹ̩ʲ, ǹ̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’n&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tg&lt;br /&gt;
![tˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttg&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ̩́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ynj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’nj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![c]&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
![cː]&lt;br /&gt;
|cc&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ̩́, ŋ̩́ʷ, ŋ̩́ʲ, ŋ̩́ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yng&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ̩̀, ŋ̩̀ʷ, ŋ̩̀ʲ, ŋ̩̀ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’ng&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![k]&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
![kː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kk&lt;br /&gt;
![ŕ̩]&lt;br /&gt;
|yr&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![r̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kv&lt;br /&gt;
![kʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkv&lt;br /&gt;
![ĺ̩]&lt;br /&gt;
|yl&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![l̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kj&lt;br /&gt;
![kʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkj&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʷʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ytv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’tv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kg&lt;br /&gt;
![kˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkg&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʲʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ytj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’tj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡s]&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zz&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yt&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’t&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͜s͡ɸ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zv&lt;br /&gt;
![t͜s͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzv&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʷʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ykv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’kv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zj&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzj&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʲʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ykj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’kj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zg&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzg&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yk&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![c͡ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|x&lt;br /&gt;
![c͡ɕː]&lt;br /&gt;
|xx&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩͡ɸʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ysv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’sv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![s]&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
![sː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ss&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ys&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’s&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![s͡ɸ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sv&lt;br /&gt;
![s͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssv&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ̩ʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ysj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ̩ː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’sj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![sˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sg&lt;br /&gt;
![sˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sj&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ç]&lt;br /&gt;
|hj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ʍ]&lt;br /&gt;
|hv&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![h]&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟]&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟ʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|bj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|bg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![l]&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
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!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lv&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vocabulary ===&lt;br /&gt;
mākvylo (car) {{Ipa|/màkʷŕ̩ó/ [ma˩kʷl̩˩˥o˥]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
haerī (bicycle) {{Ipa|/háélì/ [ha˥e˥ɾi˥˩]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
boccü (dog) {{Ipa|/lótʷːé/ [ⱱ̟o˥cːy˥]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
mō’kv (person) {{Ipa|/mòk̩ʷː/ [mo˩k̩ːʷ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
akām (dot) {{Ipa|/ákàm̩̀/ [a˥ka˥˩m̩˩]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -B ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |PULMONIC&lt;br /&gt;
CONSONANTS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Pharyngeal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|m~w̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n~ɾ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ~j̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ~ɰ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀm&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|b͡pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;bp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ d͡tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;th dt&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲʰ d͡tʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ch dc&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|qʰ ɡ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kh gk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ d͡tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t’ dt’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲʼ d͡tʲʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’ dc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ ɢ͡qʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’ gk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!implosive&lt;br /&gt;
|ɓ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;b’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|b͡β&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;bv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cs&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ͡ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;yy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡x ɡ͡ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kx gx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡t͜sʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ds&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡t͜ɕʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dcs&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡k͜xʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ɕʼ d͡t͜ɕʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cs’ dcs’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡xʼ ɡ͡k͜xʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kx’ gx’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|β&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɮ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ ɮʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s zy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|x~χ ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|w~b&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|l~d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ~ɡ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʜ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
p ś ł ṭ ṣ j&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |CLICKS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Prealveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nśh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nłh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;njh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mp’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; |Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!delayed release&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;pk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|‼͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼋͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;pk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|‼͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼋͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gśh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;głh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gjh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gp’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!VOWELS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|i̝&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ii&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|u̝&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|i~ɪ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|u~ʊ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ə ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ẹ  oy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɞ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ọy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ọ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ạ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Words can either be monosyllabic and contain contour or level tones, or be polysyllabic and only contain level tones.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!TONES&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
|H&lt;br /&gt;
|HM&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|M&lt;br /&gt;
|ML&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|LM&lt;br /&gt;
|L&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -A ==&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -A is intended to create a manner of communication that involves very little complexity, whether that be phonological, grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic, and therefore easy and intuitive to learn from any linguistic background. Words do not take on parts of speech (noun, verb, etc.) or grammatical roles (subject, object, etc.) typical of natural languages. The syntactic structure is based purely on the relationships of emphasized words, unemphasized words, and pauses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Vocabulary&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* small: ki&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe small size, quantity, height, social position, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* big: on&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe large size, quantity, height, social position, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* move: ne&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe living things, fluids, motion, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* stay: at&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe unmoving things, solids, the ground, some locations, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* subject: e (subject of discussion, not gramamtical subject)&lt;br /&gt;
* not: su&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Syntax&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; = unemphasized word; &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; = emphasized word&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* uE: &#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; performs as a topic, &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; performs as a comment modifying the topic.&lt;br /&gt;
* Eu: &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; performs as a novel topic, &#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; performs as a comment modifying the novel topic.&lt;br /&gt;
* u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks plurality&lt;br /&gt;
* E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks emphasis&lt;br /&gt;
* u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;/E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks addition or comparison depending on context&lt;br /&gt;
* Lack of pauses indicate a continuous idea.&lt;br /&gt;
* Brief pauses (marked with commas) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the previous one.&lt;br /&gt;
* Medial pauses (marked with periods ) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the multiple previous ideas. Which previous ideas they are is left up to context.&lt;br /&gt;
* Long pauses (marked with elipses) indicate the beginning of an idea unrelates to the previous ones.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Expressions&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Ownership is expressed with &amp;quot;e ON e KI&amp;quot;, translating to &amp;quot;This is big and/but that is small.&amp;quot; This can also be used to compare sizes or quantities of &amp;quot;this&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;that&amp;quot;, depending on context.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big and small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e on e ki&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This, a big thing, that, and a small thing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON E KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big, the other thing, and small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON, e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big, meanwhile that is small.&amp;quot; This is more often used for comparison of the sizes between &amp;quot;this&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;that&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON. e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;...and this is big. Additionally, that is small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;E on, e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;As for this, this is big, and/but that is small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;E on e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;As for this, this is big and the other thing. There is also a small thing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -9 ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonant ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Laryngeal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m̥&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑʇ&lt;br /&gt;
|n̥&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;mh/ṁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nh/ṅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ny/ņ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ňh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|bʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏʇʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|dʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʰʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;bh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǰh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ķh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|tɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|cʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;č&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǰ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ķ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Rhinoglottic&lt;br /&gt;
|pʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵐb&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏʇˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ⁿd&lt;br /&gt;
|tɕʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᶮɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᶮɟʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑg&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑgʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|kᶣʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑgᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;pp&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nb&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;tt&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nd&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;cc&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;jj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǰ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kk&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ḱḱ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǵ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩǩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ&lt;br /&gt;
|β&lt;br /&gt;
|θ~s̪&lt;br /&gt;
|ð~z̪&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|ç&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|çʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ç&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ś&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ź&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ž&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǵ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l̥&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ̞&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;lh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tap&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥ᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;rh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;řh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ř&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŗh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŗ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Unround&lt;br /&gt;
!Round&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|ỹ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɨ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɨ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʊ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;õ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|ẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|ø̃&lt;br /&gt;
|ɘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ẽ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ë&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|ɛ~æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɔ~ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Grammar ===&lt;br /&gt;
Nouns usually have either feminine or masculine gender. Nouns and proper nouns referring to people can have feminine, masculine, or femasculine. Proper nouns not referring to people are always femasculine. There is some precedent for nouns or proper nouns with the opposite gender that they&#039;re supposed to have being used for alternative versions of the original word. This is primarily used in fiction and physics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -9 has a complex way of marking gender, topic, number, transitivity, specificity, and adjectives that makes them interconnected.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc //-bʰi//, //-te//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem //-ⁿd//, //-l//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc //-bʰiⁿd//, //-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Noun Declensions (&#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Topic within noun phrase&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Topic not within noun phrase&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Subject&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Object&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Subject&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Object&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Noun Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjective Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Noun Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjective Topic&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Generic&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |V &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Singular&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadte&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachte&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaach&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaach&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhal&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhol&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhon&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhon&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadtel&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachontel&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachon&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaachon&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadte&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhite&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhal&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhandal&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadtel&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhindel&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Plural&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Distributive&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Verbs&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Intransitive&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjectives&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the following charts, small asterisked words are atypical declensions.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nouns&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Singular&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Singular&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Singular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//Ø//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ⁿd//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-bʰi//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-bʰiⁿd//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-l//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-te//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-on//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-js//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-json//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!friend&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽnd&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽl&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽte&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽtel&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽon&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽys&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!watermelon&lt;br /&gt;
|vilh&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilnd&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*vill&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhte&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhon&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhx&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!sun&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁ&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńamnd&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaml&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁte&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁon&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁx&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!moon&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗnd&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗl&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhte&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhon&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhx&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!day&lt;br /&gt;
|ma&lt;br /&gt;
|mand&lt;br /&gt;
|*mabhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*mabhind&lt;br /&gt;
|mal&lt;br /&gt;
|*mate&lt;br /&gt;
|*matel&lt;br /&gt;
|maon&lt;br /&gt;
|*mays&lt;br /&gt;
|*mayson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!night&lt;br /&gt;
|bhai&lt;br /&gt;
|bhaind&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaibhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaibhind&lt;br /&gt;
|bhail&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaite&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaitel&lt;br /&gt;
|bhaion&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaiys&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaiyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!day sky&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩnd&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩl&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩte&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩtel&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩon&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩys&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!night sky&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;att&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attand&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;attibhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attibhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attal&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;atte&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attel&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;atton&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;attis&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attison&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!cloud&lt;br /&gt;
|lhä&lt;br /&gt;
|lhänd&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|lhäl&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäte&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhätel&lt;br /&gt;
|lhäon&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäys&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!paper&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũnd&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;bhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;bhind&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũl&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;te&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;tel&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũ&#039;on&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;x&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;xon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!computer&lt;br /&gt;
|zhoto&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotond&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotobhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotobhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotol&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotote&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhototel&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotoon&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotoys&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotoyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!person&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadh&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhand&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhal&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadte&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadtel&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhon&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhx&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Verbs&lt;br /&gt;
!Intransitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//Ø//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-r̥//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ʊ̃//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ʊ̃r̥//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!like&lt;br /&gt;
|qad&lt;br /&gt;
|qatŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|qadõ&lt;br /&gt;
|qadõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!want&lt;br /&gt;
|chëk&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkõ&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!have&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!give&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõ&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõõ&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!receive/take&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;e&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!eat/drink&lt;br /&gt;
|mäx&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxõ&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!breathe&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhim&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!say&lt;br /&gt;
|ää&lt;br /&gt;
|ääŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ääõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ääõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!sing&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!go to&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!leave&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Adjectives&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//-β//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-i//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ɥ//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-l//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-te//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!happy&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaav&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaai&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaaw&lt;br /&gt;
|zaal&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaate&lt;br /&gt;
|zaatel&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!blue&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëv&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëi&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëw&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵël&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëte&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëtel&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -8 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!C&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
!V&lt;br /&gt;
!Non-Back&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* VS̥ʰ VS̬ʰ &amp;gt; V́S̥ V̀S̥ / _%&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)V(C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: any consonant except /ʔ h ɦ/&lt;br /&gt;
* V: any vowel&lt;br /&gt;
* C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: any consonant&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Transliterations ===&lt;br /&gt;
==== Latin ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Kana ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|Ø}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;い&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ミ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;み&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ニ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;に&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;び&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ち&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぢ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;き&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぎ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;し&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;キ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ギ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゐ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;り&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;いぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;う&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;む&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぬ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぷ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;び&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;つ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;づ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;く&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぐ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ク&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;グ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;うぅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;る&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゆ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;え&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;メ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;め&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ネ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ね&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;べ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;て&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;で&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;け&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;げ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ケ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゲ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゑ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;れ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;いぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;お&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;モ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;も&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ノ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;の&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぽ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;と&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ど&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;こ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ご&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぉ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぉ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;コ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;を&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ろ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;よ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;あ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;マ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ま&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ナ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;な&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぱ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ば&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;た&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;だ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;か&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;が&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;カ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ガ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;わ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ら&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;や&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|Ø}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ニ゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;プ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ブ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ト&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ド&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ク゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ん&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;っ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;フ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;シ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ジ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ホ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ン&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゝ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゞ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ウ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ル&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;イ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -7 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect-7 divides words into 3 categories depending on how they can be perceived by the senses: proximal sensation, distal sensation, and general sensation. Deeplect -7-speakers recognize 6 senses in terms of these divisions: sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, and memory. The emotional sense refers to an individual being made to feel an emotion. The memorial sense refers to an individual forming a memory or recalling past memories.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Proximal sensation includes things whose perception is limited to a close range:&lt;br /&gt;
** any object by its texture&lt;br /&gt;
** whispering by sound&lt;br /&gt;
** blood by flavor&lt;br /&gt;
** paper by scent&lt;br /&gt;
** small insects by sight&lt;br /&gt;
** a dream by memory&lt;br /&gt;
* Distal sensation includes things whose perception is &#039;&#039;&#039;not&#039;&#039;&#039; limited to a close range:&lt;br /&gt;
** weather by its temperature&lt;br /&gt;
** shouting by sound&lt;br /&gt;
** chocolate by expectation-induced flavor&lt;br /&gt;
** a fart by scent&lt;br /&gt;
** a building by sight&lt;br /&gt;
** a bear at a zoo by memory&lt;br /&gt;
* General sensation always includes the conceptualization of an object, and senses that are more strongly associated with the concept of it than the sensation of it. Some objects have no associated sensations with them such as&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Often, what translates to a single word in English is split into two or three words depending on how they are experienced in a sentence.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Vocabulary List&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Deeplect -7&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |English&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Word&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Translation&lt;br /&gt;
!Context&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|general: &#039;&#039;visual, conceptual&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[sâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|distal: &#039;&#039;auditory, memorial&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[θâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|proximal: &#039;&#039;tactile, olfactory, gustatory&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -6 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Every word is 6 morae long.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -5 ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -5 has a small consonant inventory with about half of its consonants being clicks. This small size is made up for in extreme allophony.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Dental&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Pulmonic&lt;br /&gt;
!Stop&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|hʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Click&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
X language has two levels of stress: primary and secondary. Primary stress is marked with vowel length and can have a high, low, falling, or rising tone. Secondary stress is marked with either a high or low tone. Primary stress is word-initial, but secondary stress is lexical.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|ẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
(C)(G)V(C); C = consonant; G = /t ʔ w j/; Q = click; V = vowel&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# pʔ tʔ &amp;gt; pʼ tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
# p t c ʔ s &amp;gt; b d ɟ ʔ̞ z / _{i,e} !{#,C̥}_&lt;br /&gt;
# d ǃ &amp;gt; ɟ ǂ / _i&lt;br /&gt;
# w l j &amp;gt; m n ɲ / {Ṽ_,_Ṽ}&lt;br /&gt;
# n t &amp;gt; ŋ k / _{u,ũ}&lt;br /&gt;
# l &amp;gt; ɾ / _{u,o,a}&lt;br /&gt;
# V &amp;gt; Ṽ / ᵑQ_&lt;br /&gt;
# ᵑǀw ᵑǃj &amp;gt; ᵑʘ ᵑǂ&lt;br /&gt;
# hʲ / Ø !_{i,ĩ,e,ẽ}&lt;br /&gt;
# QC / Ø !QC=!w&lt;br /&gt;
# CCC VVV ṼV VṼ CQ jʔ hʲʔ / Ø&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Romanization ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Vowel&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/p/&lt;br /&gt;
![p]&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
![b]&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/i/&lt;br /&gt;
![i]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
![ĩ]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/t/&lt;br /&gt;
![t]&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
![d]&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
![ɟ]&lt;br /&gt;
|dj&lt;br /&gt;
![k]&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
!/ĩ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ĩ]&lt;br /&gt;
|in&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ʔ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
![ʔ̞]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/u/&lt;br /&gt;
![u]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
![ũ]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/s/&lt;br /&gt;
![s]&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
![z]&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/ũ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ũ]&lt;br /&gt;
|un&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/hʲ/&lt;br /&gt;
![hʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/e/&lt;br /&gt;
![e]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
![ẽ]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/w/&lt;br /&gt;
![w]&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
![m]&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/ẽ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ẽ]&lt;br /&gt;
|en&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/l/&lt;br /&gt;
![l]&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
![ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
![n]&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
!/o/&lt;br /&gt;
![o]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
![õ]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/j/&lt;br /&gt;
![j]&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|nj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/a/&lt;br /&gt;
![a]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
![ã]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|cn&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǃ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǃ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qn&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǂ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qny&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/H/&lt;br /&gt;
![H]&lt;br /&gt;
|¯&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǀʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǀʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ch&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/L/&lt;br /&gt;
![L]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǃʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǃʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qh&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qh&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/HL/&lt;br /&gt;
![HL]&lt;br /&gt;
|ˋ&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǀˀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǀˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|c&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/LH&lt;br /&gt;
![LH]&lt;br /&gt;
|´&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǃˀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǃˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|q&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǂˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|q&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǀw/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑʘ]&lt;br /&gt;
|cm&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǃj/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǂ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qny&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -4.5 ==&lt;br /&gt;
This is a naturalistic dialect of Deeplect -4, used for situations where Deeplect -4 would be required to be naturalistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
All consonants can be lengthened except for /r̥ ɽ͡r ˀɽ/. All velars become palatal or palatalized after front vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tʼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʈ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɖ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|g&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡x&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡xʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ð&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɽ͡r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀʟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels and Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels have one of four tones: high, low, falling, and rising. Falling and rising tones are closer to the middle range than high or low. High tone is accompanied by preaspiration. On a word-initial vowel, the preaspiration is breathy. The preaspiration is converted into voiceless aspiration on any preceding voiceless consonant, and breathy voice on any preceding voiced consonant. Low tone is accompanied by creaky voice on the vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels are separated into 2 classes based on their phonotactic behavior and evolutionary history. Class 1 vowels have no phonotactic restrictions other than that they cannot form diphthongs with each other. These vowels originated from the proto-language&#039;s 3-vowel system /e a o/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Class 2 vowels must be preceded or followed by a consonant, or both, and cannot be adjacent to a Class 1 vowel. Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs with each other. These diphthongs use the same tone system as other vowels. Diphthongs with consonants involve sliding articulation. Class 2 diphthongs cannot be adjacent to each other and adhere to the same restrictions as Class 2 monophthongs. They are excluded from the charts because all Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs (or long vowels) with another and it is not specially notated in romanization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are three romanizations systems for Deeplect -4 which differ in vowel and tone notation. The Vohnegien&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Name created by [[Janus]].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; notation prioritized representing historical pronunciation such as syllabic consonants and their descendants being written with an vowel-initial diagraph upon which tones would be marked with diacritics. Vohnegien notation is seen as more outdated by some, but still used by a few scattered Deeplect -4-speaking regions and by linguists.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vohnegien Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨V⟩ here is used to represent a vowel, not the letter V.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̄&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̀&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V́&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Gritchend&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; approached notation from a modern pronunciation in which diacritics are used on consonants to show syllabicity and on vowels to show vowel quality. Gritchend elected to romanize tones with unused consonant letters. Gritchend notation is broadly considered the modern notation of the language and is used in most formal and informal contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Gritchend Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ń&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ḿ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the interest of avoiding the use of diacritics altogether, Vondenberg&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; combined the vowel notation of Vohnegien and tone notation of Gritchend. This more modern romanization is most often used in informal text messages and typing with decorative fonts, which often have poor diacritic support.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vondenberg Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -4 ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
All consonants can be lengthened except for /r̥ ɽ͡r ˀɽ/.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tʼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʈ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|cʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɖ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c͡ç&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c͡çʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ç&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ð&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɽ͡r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʎ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀʎ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels and Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels have one of four tones: high, low, falling, and rising. Falling and rising tones are closer to the middle range than high or low. High tone is accompanied by preaspiration. On a word-initial vowel, the preaspiration is breathy. The preaspiration is converted into voiceless aspiration on any preceding voiceless consonant, and breathy voice on any preceding voiced consonant. Low tone is accompanied by creaky voice on the vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels are separated into 2 classes based on their phonotactic behavior and evolutionary history. Class 1 vowels have no phonotactic restrictions other than that they cannot form diphthongs with each other. These vowels originated from the proto-language&#039;s 3-vowel system /e a o/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Class 2 vowels must be preceded or followed by a consonant, or both, and cannot be adjacent to a Class 1 vowel. Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs with each other. These diphthongs use the same tone system as other vowels. Diphthongs with consonants involve sliding articulation. Class 2 diphthongs cannot be adjacent to each other and adhere to the same restrictions as Class 2 monophthongs. They are excluded from the charts because all Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs (or long vowels) with another and it is not specially notated in romanization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are three romanizations systems for Deeplect -4 which differ in vowel and tone notation. The Vohnegien&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; notation prioritized representing historical pronunciation such as syllabic consonants and their descendants being written with an vowel-initial diagraph upon which tones would be marked with diacritics. Vohnegien notation is seen as more outdated by some, but still used by a few scattered Deeplect -4-speaking regions and by linguists.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vohnegien Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨V⟩ here is used to represent a vowel, not the letter V.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̄&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̀&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V́&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Gritchend&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; approached notation from a modern pronunciation in which diacritics are used on consonants to show syllabicity and on vowels to show vowel quality. Gritchend elected to romanize tones with unused consonant letters. Gritchend notation is broadly considered the modern notation of the language and is used in most formal and informal contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Gritchend Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ń&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ḿ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the interest of avoiding the use of diacritics altogether, Vondenberg&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; combined the vowel notation of Vohnegien and tone notation of Gritchend. This more modern romanization is most often used in informal text messages and typing with decorative fonts, which often have poor diacritic support.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vondenberg Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -3 ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-Click Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar/Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Laryngeal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Stop&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|p &#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡θ &#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t &#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s &#039;&#039;&#039;ts&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡ &#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d &#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡z &#039;&#039;&#039;dz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡ʒ &#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|g &#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s’ &#039;&#039;&#039;ts’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;q’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|ɓ &#039;&#039;&#039;b’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ &#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ &#039;&#039;&#039;gh’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ &#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s &#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ &#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ &#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ &#039;&#039;&#039;ž&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;š’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n &#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|β̞ &#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|lː &#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|r &#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|r̝ &#039;&#039;&#039;rz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Allophony ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* /t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ʃʼ ʄ k ɡ kʼ ɠ/ become [k͡x g͡ɣ k͡xʼ ɠ q ɢ qʼ ʛ] before low or back vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Click Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;mwh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘχ &#039;&#039;&#039;mwx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nzh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nzx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nkh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nllh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nllx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;njh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂχ &#039;&#039;&#039;njx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;mw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;wm&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;zn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;nk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;kn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;nll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;lln&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;jn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ploded&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;mw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘq &#039;&#039;&#039;mwq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀq &#039;&#039;&#039;nzq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃq &#039;&#039;&#039;nkq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁq &#039;&#039;&#039;nllq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂq &#039;&#039;&#039;njq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;wch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qʘχ &#039;&#039;&#039;wx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;zch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǀχ &#039;&#039;&#039;zx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;kch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǃχ &#039;&#039;&#039;kx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;llch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǁχ &#039;&#039;&#039;llx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;jch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǂχ &#039;&#039;&#039;jx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘx &#039;&#039;&#039;gwx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀx &#039;&#039;&#039;gzx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃx &#039;&#039;&#039;gkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁx &#039;&#039;&#039;gllx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂx &#039;&#039;&#039;gjx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;wh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;zh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;llh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gwh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gzh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gkh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gllh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gjh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘq &#039;&#039;&#039;wq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;cz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀq &#039;&#039;&#039;zq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;ck&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃq &#039;&#039;&#039;kq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;cll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁq &#039;&#039;&#039;llq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂq &#039;&#039;&#039;jq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;wg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;zg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;gk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;kg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;gll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;llg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;jg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;w’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;z’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;ll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;j’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gkʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gck’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;wc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;wq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;zc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;zq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;kc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;kq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;llc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;llq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
An apostrophe is placed between grapheme clusters that may be confused with whole graphemes, e.g. ⟨amwha⟩ is /a.ŋʘʰa/ and ⟨am’wha⟩ is /am.kʘʰa/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
The vowel qualities are /i u e o a ã/ ⟨i u e o a ã⟩, with the long vowels /iː uː ɛː ɔː ɑː ãː/ ⟨ī ū ē ō ā ãa⟩ and overlong vowels /iːː uːː eːːː oːːː aːːː ãːːː/ ⟨ii uu ee oo aa ãā⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The possible diphthongs are /ei eo oe oi ou oa ue ua ai ae au ao oã uã ãi ãe ãu ão/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phonations include modal, breathy ⟨◌h⟩, creaky ⟨◌’⟩, (all three of which can be pharyngealized ⟨◌·⟩), and strident ⟨◌ħ⟩. A long vowels and diphthongs can contain more than one phonation, but short and overlong vowels cannot.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels can be -ATR or +ATR ⟨◌y⟩, corresponding to tongue root harmony. This harmony can change voiceless plain stops to breathy stops (except /p/ which becomes [b]). It is a progressive harmony that begins from the start of a root word and is blocked by ejective and uvular consonants. +ATR is only romanized on the first vowel of a root word.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Allophony ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Vowels are nasalized whenever adjacent to nasal phonemes. /ã/ merges with /a/, so ⟨ã⟩ is not used adjacent to nasal phonemes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -2 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labiodental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɱ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɴ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Tense&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̪̊}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̪̊ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’tw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̥ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɟ̊}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɟ̊ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɢ̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɢ̥ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʡ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lax&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’dhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ghw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ð}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ðʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ðw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|zʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʝ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʝʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;yw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʁ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʁʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;xw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʜ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Vibrant&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ⱱ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|r}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|rʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|l̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|l}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʎ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʟ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Non-Front&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|í}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;í&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ì}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɨ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ú&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɨ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|é}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;é&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|è}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɘ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ó&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɘ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɐ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;á&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɐ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -1 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Grammar&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Gloss&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Description&lt;br /&gt;
!Examples&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!CAUS.GNO&lt;br /&gt;
|jɾa-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;production, resultation, consequence (gnomic and nouns)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kesˈteltɔ jɾaˈmiawa (earth brings life)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!CAUS&lt;br /&gt;
|ko-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;caused (tense, verbs only)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kes&#039;teltɔ koˈmiawe̤ (earth is causing life to exist)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOA&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -e̤&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of agent, MOA). MOA verbs receive an adverb? auxiliary verb? after, showing the precise action taking place if it isn&#039;t clear from the primary verb (it would be clear if the prim. verb was &amp;quot;to go to&amp;quot; but not if it&#039;s &amp;quot;to water&amp;quot;). unclear primary verbs used without secondary verbs are said to simply &amp;quot;be occuring&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;be existing&amp;quot;.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːje̤ (approaching water)&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtelte̤ (kicking the ground)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOS&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -ʕu&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of secondary thing, MOS). MOS places the object after the verb. objects and &amp;quot;secondary verbs&amp;quot; (referenced above) do not differ in marking&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːjʕu (splashing water on someone/watering something)&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈteltʕu (kicking dirt at something/someone)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOP&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -a(ʕim)&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of patient, MOP). MOP places its object before the verb. -ʕim is only added for formality, emphasis, or syntactic disambiguation.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːja(ʕim) ~ spraying water around&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtela(ʕim) ~ kicking up dirt&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
whether a verb is conjugated to MOA/MOS/MOP is determined by which action the speaker wants to focus on the most, even though usually 2 or 3 of them will be actually occuring&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
topic pronouns (marked for person, number, and obviation) are clitics that attach to a particle with some of their grammatical information (cases).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV1 ~ ũ=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV2 ~ nã=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV3 ~ ˈdeu=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV1 ~ in=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV2 ~ ja̤=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV3 ~ tḛːŋ=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV1 ~ ki=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV2 ~ ɾḛj=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV3 ~ aːn=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.PL.INCL ~ eˈdo=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.PL.EXCL ~ kʼe=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.PL.INCL ~ ˈkimi=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.PL.EXCL ~ ˈhuku=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV1 ~ sto=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV2 ~ ˈmihi=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV3 ~ aˈdoː=&lt;br /&gt;
# REFL ~ pi&lt;br /&gt;
#* used in stuff like drinking(MOS), eating(MOS), etc.&lt;br /&gt;
# nominative ~ i&lt;br /&gt;
# vocative ~ -ʃa̤,ja̤/i&#039;ja̤&lt;br /&gt;
# benefactive ~ -(ɾ)e/ri&lt;br /&gt;
# malefactive ~ -ḛːse/ḛːse&lt;br /&gt;
# dative ~ -ãw/ŋaw&lt;br /&gt;
# commitative ~ -(k,ɡ,ʼ)iː/kiː&lt;br /&gt;
# instrumental ~ -(s,z)ãʰː/zãʰː&lt;br /&gt;
# other case particles can be derived using class-less variants of words, which can get prefixed to a non-topic noun&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* sometimes the particle may be used alone instead of the pronoun clitic.&lt;br /&gt;
* the pronoun clitic can be attached to a word to show stronger volition toward that aspect of the action described in the sentence (i.e. TOP=[verb] for showing stronger intent for the action than the object, or TOP=[object] for the opposite). stronger volition toward one aspect often implies weaker volition or intent toward the rest (TOP=[verb] may imply accidentally affecting the object, and TOP=[object] may imply accidentally performing the action, but meaning to do something to the object).&lt;br /&gt;
* both or either of the pronoun clitic and particle may be omitted. omission only occurs in the event of redundance.&lt;br /&gt;
* there is a subject case particle.&lt;br /&gt;
* other NPs are listed in the beginning of the sentence in order of decreasing relevance. their cases (and conjunctions) are expressed in affixes, not a particle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* every part of speech has its own set of classes (they do not correspond to each other).&lt;br /&gt;
* modifiers are added by affixing the modifiee&#039;s class suffix and changing the modifiee&#039;s suffix to -aː (this assumes all classes affixes will be suffixes but maybe i wont do that)&lt;br /&gt;
*# kesˈteltɔ &#039;&#039;modified by&#039;&#039; beˈʔaɾa (cooled lava ground) &amp;gt; kesˈtelt&#039;&#039;&#039;-ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; beˈʔa-ɾa &amp;gt; kesˈtelt-aː beˈʔa-ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039;-ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;gt; kesˈteltaː beˈʔaɔ&lt;br /&gt;
* noun classes (suffixes and prefixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -a, -ɔ ~ fluid, changing (animals, thoughts, breath, wind, clothing, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ɾa ~ dangerous (lava, fire, poisonous food, weapon used, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# zũː- ~ machinery (car, computer, lock, some weapons merely existing)&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ- ~ valuable natural item (diamond, gold, ivory)&lt;br /&gt;
# tʰe- ~ material for use (wood, paper, ink, glue, metal, cloth)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ʔiː ~ natural (plants, sun, moon, dirt, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# -nõ ~ human, human-related concept, or thing altered by humanity (person, domesticated animals, weapon created, gods from secular perspective)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* verb classes (suffixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -e ~&lt;br /&gt;
# -l ~&lt;br /&gt;
# -a ~&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* adjective/adverb classes (prefixes):&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;unmarked&#039;&#039; ~ quality&lt;br /&gt;
* xe- ~ identity&lt;br /&gt;
* o- ~ relation&lt;br /&gt;
* adposition classes (suffixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* when creating a phrase or description, go with more actually-occurs options before hypothetical or culturally-specific ones (i.e. kesˈteltaː beˈʔaɾɔ is a ground of cooled lava, not the ground being molten lava as is pretended in the game &amp;quot;the floor is lava&amp;quot;, since the former is more likely to be used in a real situation than the latter)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtelt&#039;&#039;&#039;ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈbiːj&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kṵː&#039;&#039;&#039;ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ fire&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈmiaw&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ life&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;zũː&#039;&#039;&#039;kũː ~ metal, mechanical&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;kʰ&#039;&#039;&#039;uːihu ~ gold&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
beˈʔa&#039;&#039;&#039;ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ lava&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;ːsʼaː ~ wood&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
liˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ plant&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
oˈŋãi&#039;&#039;&#039;nõ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ human&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
eˈumĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ love&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
çiː&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ emotion(s)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
xkiˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ think, mind&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;nũː ~ paper&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;ˈʔjul ~ ink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;zũː&#039;&#039;&#039;mãi ~ pen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
he ~ move to&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
iːl ~ move at/in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ɬaː ~ express, release, secrete&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈtʰeŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ visible attribute&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kɔʔj&#039;&#039;&#039;ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ color, shadow, brightness, angle&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
tḛjjɔ ~ red, hot pink, orange, brown, violet&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
vɾiː ~ yellow, orange, lime, beige, white, pink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ħaːn ~ green, lime, evergreen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈijaɲ ~ cyan, mint&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈṳba ~ blue, indigo, purple, black&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
naːˈħal ~ dark yellow, muddy green&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ħũːe ~ correct, factual, verified, verifiable&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects_2&amp;diff=39607</id>
		<title>Trace Deeplects 2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects_2&amp;diff=39607"/>
		<updated>2026-05-06T20:31:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: Created page with &amp;quot;Im making this page because Trace Deeplects crashes every time I edit it now.  == Deeplect -F == Pink: onset only  Blue: word-medial onset only  Uncolored: any position {| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; ! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | !Bilabial !Alveolar !Palatal !Velar !Uvular |- ! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive !Voiceless | | | | style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ŋ̊ nh | |- !Voiced |m m |n n | |ŋ g |ɴ gu |- ! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive !Aspirated | | | | style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |kʰ kh | |- !Tenuis |...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Im making this page because [[Trace Deeplects]] crashes every time I edit it now.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -F ==&lt;br /&gt;
Pink: onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blue: word-medial onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uncolored: any position&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
!Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ŋ̊ nh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|m m&lt;br /&gt;
|n n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ g&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ gu&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |kʰ kh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |t t&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |k k&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |dʑʱ j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |sʰ sh&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ɕʰ ch&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ f&lt;br /&gt;
|s s&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ c&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |x x&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
!Unrounded&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l l&lt;br /&gt;
|j y&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ w&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Rounded&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ yu&lt;br /&gt;
|w wu&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# m &amp;gt; mʲ / _{i,e,a}[–RTR]&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ ɴ k x &amp;gt; ɲ ŋʷ k̟ x̟ / _{i,e}&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ &amp;gt; k̟ʰ / _{i,e,a}&lt;br /&gt;
# k x &amp;gt; k̠ x̠ / _{a,o}&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ &amp;gt; k̠ʰ / _o&lt;br /&gt;
# l &amp;gt; ɾ / {i,e}_{i,e}&lt;br /&gt;
# dʑʱi dʑʱiʱ &amp;gt; dʑʑ̩ dʑʱʑ̩ʱ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Close&lt;br /&gt;
!Modal&lt;br /&gt;
|i í&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ ír&lt;br /&gt;
|i i&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ ir&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Breathy&lt;br /&gt;
|iʱ íh&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ʱ írh&lt;br /&gt;
|iʱ ih&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ʱ irh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|iˀ í&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ˀ ír&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|iˀ i&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ˀ ir&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
!Modal&lt;br /&gt;
|e é&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ ér&lt;br /&gt;
|e e&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ er&lt;br /&gt;
|o ó&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ ór&lt;br /&gt;
|o o&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ or&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Breathy&lt;br /&gt;
|eʱ éh&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ʱ érh&lt;br /&gt;
|eʱ eh&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ʱ erh&lt;br /&gt;
|oʱ óh&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ʱ órh&lt;br /&gt;
|oʱ oh&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ʱ orh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|eˀ é&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ˀ ér&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|eˀ e&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ˀ er&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|oˀ ó&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ˀ ór&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|oˀ o&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ˀ or&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Open&lt;br /&gt;
!Modal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a á&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ ár&lt;br /&gt;
|a a&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ ar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Breathy&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|aʱ áh&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ʱ árh&lt;br /&gt;
|aʱ ah&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ʱ arh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|aˀ á&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ˀ ár&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|aˀ a&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ˀ ar&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# /V́/ cannot occur after /m n ŋ ɴ t k ɸ s ɕ x/&lt;br /&gt;
# /V̀/ cannot occur after /ŋ̊ kʰ dʑʱ sʰ ɕʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
# /i̙ e̙ a̙ o̙/ cannot occur after /ŋ kʰ k dʑʱ/&lt;br /&gt;
# i i̙ e e̙ a a̙ o o̙ &amp;gt; ʑ̩ i ɪ e ɛ a ø o / {ɕ(ʰ),j}_&lt;br /&gt;
# i i̙ e e̙ a a̙ o o̙ &amp;gt; ɨ i ə e ɑ a ɔ o / {ɰ,w}_&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Adjectives ===&lt;br /&gt;
Adjectives all end in -ó.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Word Order ===&lt;br /&gt;
Note to self: Make changes to word order at any point you would like!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
TOP - PP - ADJ - TAM - ADV - A1 - A2 - A3 - V1 - B1 - B2 - B3 - V2 - ADJ - AX - PP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
TOP: A topic is optional, and primarily only included for emphasis, introduction, change of situation, surprise, questions, and answers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PP: The posposition following the topic marks its case if it is not the subject (i.e. agent or highly respected object). Postpositions following postverbal nouns mark their case as well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ADJ: Adjectives follow a topic or its postposition. Preverbal nouns cannot have adjectives. Adjectives precede postverbal nouns.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
TAM: TAM is a particle or two marking tense, aspect, and/or mood. Usually, the tense marker is separate from the aspect-mood marker, but it&#039;s only used if the implied tense from the AM is inaccurate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ADV: Adverbs are only distinguished from arguments if there are few arguments mentioned (typically 3-4, no more than 6). When there are many arguments, any adverbial statements must be converted into arguments themselves, following the verbs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A1-3: Arguments 1-3 are the subject, indirect object, and direct object, respectively. They are placed in that exact order when preceding the verb. The order for the others remains intact if one is placed in the position of topic. Arguments 1-3 retain their order but are all placed after the verbs if any one of them (that is not the topic) is modified by an adjective. When any of the 3 arguments are omitted, a prefix with the personhood and obviation of the omitted argument(s) is attached to the first verb.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
V1: Verb 1 is the main verb.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B1-3: These are arguments 1-3 but of Verb 2 rather than Verb 1. These arguments cannot be modified, topicalized, or placed after the verbs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
V2: Verb 2 is a finite verb, where the order of V1-V2 is a converb. Any arguments beyond the primary three for Verb 2 cannot be included in the same sentence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
AX: Arguments X are the miscellaneous arguments of Verb 1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -E ==&lt;br /&gt;
Pink: coda only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Green: onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Purple: word-medial onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uncolored: any position&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Pharyngeal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|mʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;mj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʰʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;tj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ku&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |t &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;dj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;gu&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ʔ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;fj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |s &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ɕ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;sjj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |x &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|xʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;xj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |h &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |sː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ss&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ɕ̟ː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ssj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |ɾ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;wj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|w &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;wu&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
kʷʰ kʷ w &amp;gt; pʰ p b / _($)(C)o&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/K(ʷ) Kʲ/ = [K̠(ʷ) K̟]&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
|i &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|iː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ī&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|eː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ē&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|oː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ō&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|aː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ā&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Noun Class ===&lt;br /&gt;
The following are classes for nouns.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -o: blooming flower (associated with life, vulnerability, singular success, youth, love (all kinds), the self, spirit, soul, novelty, beginnings)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ui: withering flower (associated with death, ends, cumulative success, maturity, wisdom, knowledge)&lt;br /&gt;
# -enj: day (associated with colors, grandeur, vastness, the sea, water, light)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ī: night (associated with darkness, sleep, dreams, black vs. white, simplicity, revelation)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The following are classes for verbs, adjectives, adverbs and particles that agree with nouns. Adverbs agree with the topic noun. Verbs agree with the patient noun when it is animate. Verbs agree with the agent noun if the patient noun is inanimate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -i, -e, -yV: cute&lt;br /&gt;
# -a, -ā, -akj: beautiful&lt;br /&gt;
# -n: alien&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Particles for verbs are marked for familiar (cute and beautiful are merged), and alien classes but unpredictably. These agree with the verb.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects&amp;diff=39606</id>
		<title>Trace Deeplects</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects&amp;diff=39606"/>
		<updated>2026-05-06T20:30:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Trace Deeplects&#039;&#039;&#039; are incomplete portions of languages that have been detected in experiments attempting to verif’ the [[Deep Dimensional]] theory. While the strongest evidence for Deep Dimensional is the languages that have inexplicably appeared, [[MARA]] experiments have found trace amounts of languages in their investigations, giving it more credibility. However, measurement error is not ruled out. This article will contain all the information on every Trace Deeplect. Trace Deeplects are listed in order of their negative discovery.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -F ==&lt;br /&gt;
Pink: onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blue: word-medial onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uncolored: any position&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
!Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ŋ̊ nh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|m m&lt;br /&gt;
|n n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ g&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ gu&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |kʰ kh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |t t&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |k k&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |dʑʱ j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |sʰ sh&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ɕʰ ch&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ f&lt;br /&gt;
|s s&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ c&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |x x&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
!Unrounded&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l l&lt;br /&gt;
|j y&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ w&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Rounded&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ yu&lt;br /&gt;
|w wu&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# m &amp;gt; mʲ / _{i,e,a}[–RTR]&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ ɴ k x &amp;gt; ɲ ŋʷ k̟ x̟ / _{i,e}&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ &amp;gt; k̟ʰ / _{i,e,a}&lt;br /&gt;
# k x &amp;gt; k̠ x̠ / _{a,o}&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ &amp;gt; k̠ʰ / _o&lt;br /&gt;
# l &amp;gt; ɾ / {i,e}_{i,e}&lt;br /&gt;
# dʑʱi dʑʱiʱ &amp;gt; dʑʑ̩ dʑʱʑ̩ʱ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Close&lt;br /&gt;
!Modal&lt;br /&gt;
|i í&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ ír&lt;br /&gt;
|i i&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ ir&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Breathy&lt;br /&gt;
|iʱ íh&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ʱ írh&lt;br /&gt;
|iʱ ih&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ʱ irh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|iˀ í&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ˀ ír&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|iˀ i&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ˀ ir&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
!Modal&lt;br /&gt;
|e é&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ ér&lt;br /&gt;
|e e&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ er&lt;br /&gt;
|o ó&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ ór&lt;br /&gt;
|o o&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ or&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Breathy&lt;br /&gt;
|eʱ éh&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ʱ érh&lt;br /&gt;
|eʱ eh&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ʱ erh&lt;br /&gt;
|oʱ óh&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ʱ órh&lt;br /&gt;
|oʱ oh&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ʱ orh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|eˀ é&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ˀ ér&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|eˀ e&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ˀ er&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|oˀ ó&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ˀ ór&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|oˀ o&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ˀ or&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Open&lt;br /&gt;
!Modal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a á&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ ár&lt;br /&gt;
|a a&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ ar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Breathy&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|aʱ áh&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ʱ árh&lt;br /&gt;
|aʱ ah&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ʱ arh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|aˀ á&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ˀ ár&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|aˀ a&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ˀ ar&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# /V́/ cannot occur after /m n ŋ ɴ t k ɸ s ɕ x/&lt;br /&gt;
# /V̀/ cannot occur after /ŋ̊ kʰ dʑʱ sʰ ɕʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
# /i̙ e̙ a̙ o̙/ cannot occur after /ŋ kʰ k dʑʱ/&lt;br /&gt;
# i i̙ e e̙ a a̙ o o̙ &amp;gt; ʑ̩ i ɪ e ɛ a ø o / {ɕ(ʰ),j}_&lt;br /&gt;
# i i̙ e e̙ a a̙ o o̙ &amp;gt; ɨ i ə e ɑ a ɔ o / {ɰ,w}_&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Adjectives ===&lt;br /&gt;
Adjectives all end in -ó.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Word Order ===&lt;br /&gt;
Note to self: Make changes to word order at any point you would like!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
TOP - PP - ADJ - TAM - ADV - A1 - A2 - A3 - V1 - B1 - B2 - B3 - V2 - ADJ - AX - PP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
TOP: A topic is optional, and primarily only included for emphasis, introduction, change of situation, surprise, questions, and answers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PP: The posposition following the topic marks its case if it is not the subject (i.e. agent or highly respected object). Postpositions following postverbal nouns mark their case as well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ADJ: Adjectives follow a topic or its postposition. Preverbal nouns cannot have adjectives. Adjectives precede postverbal nouns.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
TAM: TAM is a particle or two marking tense, aspect, and/or mood. Usually, the tense marker is separate from the aspect-mood marker, but it&#039;s only used if the implied tense from the AM is inaccurate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ADV: Adverbs are only distinguished from arguments if there are few arguments mentioned (typically 3-4, no more than 6). When there are many arguments, any adverbial statements must be converted into arguments themselves, following the verbs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A1-3: Arguments 1-3 are the subject, indirect object, and direct object, respectively. They are placed in that exact order when preceding the verb. The order for the others remains intact if one is placed in the position of topic. Arguments 1-3 retain their order but are all placed after the verbs if any one of them (that is not the topic) is modified by an adjective. When any of the 3 arguments are omitted, a prefix with the personhood and obviation of the omitted argument(s) is attached to the first verb.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
V1: Verb 1 is the main verb.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B1-3: These are arguments 1-3 but of Verb 2 rather than Verb 1. These arguments cannot be modified, topicalized, or placed after the verbs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
V2: Verb 2 is a finite verb, where the order of V1-V2 is a converb. Any arguments beyond the primary three for Verb 2 cannot be included in the same sentence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
AX: Arguments X are the miscellaneous arguments of Verb 1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -E ==&lt;br /&gt;
Pink: coda only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Green: onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Purple: word-medial onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uncolored: any position&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Pharyngeal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|mʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;mj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʰʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;tj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ku&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |t &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;dj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;gu&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ʔ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;fj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |s &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ɕ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;sjj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |x &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|xʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;xj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |h &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |sː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ss&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ɕ̟ː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ssj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |ɾ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;wj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|w &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;wu&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
kʷʰ kʷ w &amp;gt; pʰ p b / _($)(C)o&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/K(ʷ) Kʲ/ = [K̠(ʷ) K̟]&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
|i &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|iː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ī&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|eː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ē&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|oː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ō&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|aː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ā&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Noun Class ===&lt;br /&gt;
The following are classes for nouns.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -o: blooming flower (associated with life, vulnerability, singular success, youth, love (all kinds), the self, spirit, soul, novelty, beginnings)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ui: withering flower (associated with death, ends, cumulative success, maturity, wisdom, knowledge)&lt;br /&gt;
# -enj: day (associated with colors, grandeur, vastness, the sea, water, light)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ī: night (associated with darkness, sleep, dreams, black vs. white, simplicity, revelation)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The following are classes for verbs, adjectives, adverbs and particles that agree with nouns. Adverbs agree with the topic noun. Verbs agree with the patient noun when it is animate. Verbs agree with the agent noun if the patient noun is inanimate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -i, -e, -yV: cute&lt;br /&gt;
# -a, -ā, -akj: beautiful&lt;br /&gt;
# -n: alien&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Particles for verbs are marked for familiar (cute and beautiful are merged), and alien classes but unpredictably. These agree with the verb.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -D ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Prepalatal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Prevelar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Postvelar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Emphatic&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Emphatic&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|mˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n &#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|nˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ̟ &#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṗh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʰʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;cv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;kv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lax&lt;br /&gt;
|p &#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|pˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṗ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t &#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ &#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡ &#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;qw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tense&lt;br /&gt;
|b &#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|bˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḍ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʷʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Continuant&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s &#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ &#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;šw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ç &#039;&#039;&#039;hy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|xʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ &#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;xw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|h &#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|hʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;hw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l &#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|w &#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ &#039;&#039;&#039;ġ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ġw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r &#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʀ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṛ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Syllabic Consonants ====&lt;br /&gt;
Syllabic consonants are romanized as double letters only when adjacent to two vowels or a nonsyllabic variant of each other.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Prepalatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Postvelar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;m, mm&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;n, nn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋ, ŋŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;s, ss&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;š, šš&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|x̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫ, ḫḫ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ̍ &#039;&#039;&#039;x, xx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħ, ħħ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;l, ll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;r, rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Central&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e &#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ &#039;&#039;&#039;oy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o &#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Near-Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɐ &#039;&#039;&#039;ay&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a &#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pitch-Accent ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -D uses seven pitch accents: high (ā [ꜛaꜜ]), mid (a [a]), low (ȧ [ꜜaꜛ]), falling (à [ꜛâꜜ]), rising (á [ǎꜛ]), high-falling (â [âꜜ]), and dipping (ǎ [â]), which can be placed on any mora except for the final one. All vowels and all syllabic consonants can receive a pitch accent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;High&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent gives only one mora a high tone while the rest have low tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Mid&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent makes a word retain low tone throughout (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Low&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent gives one more a low tone while the rest have high tone (H-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-H)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Falling&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes the tone of one mora from high to low while the rest of the morae have a low tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HL&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Rising&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes one mora&#039;s tone from low to high while the preceding morae have a low tone and the following morae have a high tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;LH&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-H)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;High-falling&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes one mora&#039;s tone from high to mid while the preceding morae have a high tone and the following morae have a low tone (H-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HM&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Dipping&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes the tone of one mora from high to low while the rest of the morae have a mid tone (M-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HL&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-M)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
(C)V&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Three of the same phoneme cannot occur in a row; syllabic consonants count as consonants in this rule.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
E: /e/, [i ɪ e̞ ɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Y: /ɲ̟ c̟ʰ c̟ʰʷ c̟ c̟ʷ c̟ʼ c̟ʷʼ ɕ ɕʷ ç j/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# /C₁C̩₁ C̩₁C₁/ = [C₁ːː C₁ːː]&lt;br /&gt;
# /C̩V VC̩/ = [CːV VCː]&lt;br /&gt;
# /e ɵ o/ = [e̞ ɵ̞ o̞]&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ o̞ ɵ̞ → ɛ ɞ ɔ / {_#,#_%,V_%}&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → ɪ ɵ ʊ ɘ ɜ / _Cː&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → i ʉ u ɨ ə / _Cːː&lt;br /&gt;
# ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → ø̞ ɵ̞ æ̝ æ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ɞ ɔ → œ ɞ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ʊ ɵ ɘ ɜ → ʉ̞ ø e ɛ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# u ʉ ɨ ə → ʉ y ɪ e̞ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ(ʷ) → ɴ(ʷ) / _{a,ɐ,ɔ,o,ʊ}&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ(ʷ) → ɴ(ʷ) / {a,ɐ,ɔ,o,ʊ}_%&lt;br /&gt;
# C̩[-labial] → C̩[-labial]ʷ / C[+labial]_&lt;br /&gt;
# F̩[-voice] → F̩[+voice] / C[+voice]_&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Word Formation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -D&#039;s word formation is unusual. The etymology of words comes from an abstract dimension where tracing the language consistently to its proto-form becomes impossible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -C ṡżṠŻǎǔǐěǒẽĩũẙů ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonemic Inventory ===&lt;br /&gt;
==== Onsets ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Coronal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Peripheral&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|nː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|mː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|tʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|kˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|tː&lt;br /&gt;
|tʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|kː&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|kˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|sʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|sː&lt;br /&gt;
|sʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|lʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|lʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|lˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Nuclei ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Coronal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Occlusive&lt;br /&gt;
!Spread glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|ḿ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|ń̩&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̩́&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Constricted glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|m̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|ǹ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Continuant&lt;br /&gt;
!Spread glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŕ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ó&lt;br /&gt;
|é&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Constricted glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ò&lt;br /&gt;
|è&lt;br /&gt;
|à&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# (C)V&lt;br /&gt;
# Geminates can only occur word-medially&lt;br /&gt;
# Syllabic obstruents cannot immediately precede a syllabic resonant.&lt;br /&gt;
# /n̩/ and /ŋ̩/ cannot be word-intial.&lt;br /&gt;
# Syllabic nasals can only be adjacent to vowels or other syllabic nasals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Secondary articulations in onsets are typically contained within the time of articulation of the main articulation. There may be an onglide, but never an offglide.&lt;br /&gt;
# Secondary articulations in nuclei very often result in an offglide, which is fricated in the case of aspirated consonants.&lt;br /&gt;
# Tenuis syllabic obstruents are geminated.&lt;br /&gt;
# /t͡sʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) s̩ʷ(ː) sʲ(ː) s̩ʲ(ː)/ are realized as [t͜s͡ɸ(ː) s͡ɸ(ː) s̩͡ɸ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɕ̩(ː)]&lt;br /&gt;
# /e o/ become [ɛ ɔ] following a pharyngealized consonant.&lt;br /&gt;
# /a/ becomes [e] after /e/, except when /e/ is [ɛ], then /a/ becomes [ɛ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /a/ becomes [o] after /o/, except when /o/ is [ɔ], then /a/ becomes [ɔ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /e/ becomes [i] after /e/.&lt;br /&gt;
# /o/ becomes [u] after /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /t(ː) t͡s(ː) s(ː) l n h/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ ɲ ç] and /e/ becomes [i].&lt;br /&gt;
#* /tʲ(ː) t͡sʲ(ː) sʲ(ː) lʲ/ merge with /t(ː) t͡s(ː) s(ː) l/ before /e/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tʷ(ː) t͡sʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) lʷ/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ] and /e/ becomes [y].&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tˤ(ː) t͡sˤ(ː) sˤ(ː) lˤ/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ] and /e/ becomes [ɛ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /t(ː) s(ː) l n h/ become [p(ː) s͡ɸ(ː) ⱱ̟ m ʍ] before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
#* /tʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) lʷ/ merge with /t(ː) s(ː) l/ before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
#* /n/ merges with [m] before /o/, but /nː/ remains [nː].&lt;br /&gt;
# /tʲ(ː) lʲ/ become [pʲ(ː) ⱱ̟ʲ] before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tˤ(ː) lˤ/ precede /o/, they become [pˤ(ː) ⱱ̟ˤ] and /o/ becomes [ɔ].&lt;br /&gt;
# Word-initial /m̩/ assimilates to the place of articulation of the last phone of the previous word. If it cannot do so, it assimilates to the place of articulation of the following phone. If it cannot do so either, it remains [m̩].&lt;br /&gt;
# Word-initial /m̩/ experiences sandhi from the tone of the previous word&#039;s final syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
# /r̩/ becomes [l̩] when next to a vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
# Low tones become falling tones when preceded by only one phonemic high tone.&lt;br /&gt;
# High tones become rising tones when preceded by only one phonemic low tone.&lt;br /&gt;
# Low tones merge with high tones when preceded by a rising tone&lt;br /&gt;
# High tones merge with low tones when preceded by a falling tone&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Romanization ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Onsets&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Nuclei&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![m]&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
![mː]&lt;br /&gt;
|mm&lt;br /&gt;
![í]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
![ì]&lt;br /&gt;
|ī&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![n]&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
![nː]&lt;br /&gt;
|nn&lt;br /&gt;
![ý]&lt;br /&gt;
|ü&lt;br /&gt;
![ỳ]&lt;br /&gt;
|û&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|nj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
![é]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
![è]&lt;br /&gt;
|ē&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
![ɛ́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ë&lt;br /&gt;
![ɛ̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|ê&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![p]&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
![pː]&lt;br /&gt;
|pp&lt;br /&gt;
![á]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
![à]&lt;br /&gt;
|ā&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![pʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|pj&lt;br /&gt;
![pʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ppj&lt;br /&gt;
![ú]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
![ù]&lt;br /&gt;
|ū&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![pˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|pg&lt;br /&gt;
![pˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ppg&lt;br /&gt;
![ó]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
![ò]&lt;br /&gt;
|ō&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t]&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
![tː]&lt;br /&gt;
|tt&lt;br /&gt;
![ɔ́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ö&lt;br /&gt;
![ɔ̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|ô&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tv&lt;br /&gt;
![tʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttv&lt;br /&gt;
![ḿ̩, ḿ̩ʲ, ḿ̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ym&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot;&amp;gt;⟨y⟩ may optionally be omitted if the syllabic consonant follows a vowel but does not precede one.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![m̩̀, m̩̀ʲ, m̩̀ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tj&lt;br /&gt;
![tʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttj&lt;br /&gt;
![ń̩, ń̩ʷ, ń̩ʲ, ń̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yn&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ǹ̩, ǹ̩ʷ, ǹ̩ʲ, ǹ̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’n&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tg&lt;br /&gt;
![tˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttg&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ̩́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ynj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’nj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![c]&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
![cː]&lt;br /&gt;
|cc&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ̩́, ŋ̩́ʷ, ŋ̩́ʲ, ŋ̩́ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yng&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ̩̀, ŋ̩̀ʷ, ŋ̩̀ʲ, ŋ̩̀ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’ng&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![k]&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
![kː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kk&lt;br /&gt;
![ŕ̩]&lt;br /&gt;
|yr&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![r̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kv&lt;br /&gt;
![kʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkv&lt;br /&gt;
![ĺ̩]&lt;br /&gt;
|yl&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![l̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kj&lt;br /&gt;
![kʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkj&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʷʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ytv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’tv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kg&lt;br /&gt;
![kˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkg&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʲʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ytj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’tj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡s]&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zz&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yt&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’t&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͜s͡ɸ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zv&lt;br /&gt;
![t͜s͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzv&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʷʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ykv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’kv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zj&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzj&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʲʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ykj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’kj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zg&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzg&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yk&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![c͡ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|x&lt;br /&gt;
![c͡ɕː]&lt;br /&gt;
|xx&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩͡ɸʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ysv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’sv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![s]&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
![sː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ss&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ys&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’s&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![s͡ɸ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sv&lt;br /&gt;
![s͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssv&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ̩ʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ysj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ̩ː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’sj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![sˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sg&lt;br /&gt;
![sˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sj&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ç]&lt;br /&gt;
|hj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ʍ]&lt;br /&gt;
|hv&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![h]&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟]&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟ʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|bj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|bg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![l]&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lv&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vocabulary ===&lt;br /&gt;
mākvylo (car) {{Ipa|/màkʷŕ̩ó/ [ma˩kʷl̩˩˥o˥]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
haerī (bicycle) {{Ipa|/háélì/ [ha˥e˥ɾi˥˩]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
boccü (dog) {{Ipa|/lótʷːé/ [ⱱ̟o˥cːy˥]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
mō’kv (person) {{Ipa|/mòk̩ʷː/ [mo˩k̩ːʷ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
akām (dot) {{Ipa|/ákàm̩̀/ [a˥ka˥˩m̩˩]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -B ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |PULMONIC&lt;br /&gt;
CONSONANTS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Pharyngeal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|m~w̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n~ɾ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ~j̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ~ɰ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀm&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|b͡pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;bp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ d͡tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;th dt&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲʰ d͡tʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ch dc&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|qʰ ɡ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kh gk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ d͡tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t’ dt’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲʼ d͡tʲʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’ dc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ ɢ͡qʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’ gk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!implosive&lt;br /&gt;
|ɓ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;b’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|b͡β&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;bv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cs&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ͡ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;yy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡x ɡ͡ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kx gx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡t͜sʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ds&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡t͜ɕʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dcs&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡k͜xʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ɕʼ d͡t͜ɕʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cs’ dcs’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡xʼ ɡ͡k͜xʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kx’ gx’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|β&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɮ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ ɮʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s zy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|x~χ ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|w~b&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|l~d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ~ɡ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʜ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
p ś ł ṭ ṣ j&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |CLICKS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Prealveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nśh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nłh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;njh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mp’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; |Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!delayed release&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;pk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|‼͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼋͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;pk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|‼͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼋͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gśh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;głh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gjh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gp’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!VOWELS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|i̝&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ii&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|u̝&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|i~ɪ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|u~ʊ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ə ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ẹ  oy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɞ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ọy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ọ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ạ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Words can either be monosyllabic and contain contour or level tones, or be polysyllabic and only contain level tones.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!TONES&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
|H&lt;br /&gt;
|HM&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|M&lt;br /&gt;
|ML&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|LM&lt;br /&gt;
|L&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -A ==&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -A is intended to create a manner of communication that involves very little complexity, whether that be phonological, grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic, and therefore easy and intuitive to learn from any linguistic background. Words do not take on parts of speech (noun, verb, etc.) or grammatical roles (subject, object, etc.) typical of natural languages. The syntactic structure is based purely on the relationships of emphasized words, unemphasized words, and pauses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Vocabulary&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* small: ki&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe small size, quantity, height, social position, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* big: on&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe large size, quantity, height, social position, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* move: ne&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe living things, fluids, motion, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* stay: at&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe unmoving things, solids, the ground, some locations, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* subject: e (subject of discussion, not gramamtical subject)&lt;br /&gt;
* not: su&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Syntax&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; = unemphasized word; &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; = emphasized word&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* uE: &#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; performs as a topic, &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; performs as a comment modifying the topic.&lt;br /&gt;
* Eu: &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; performs as a novel topic, &#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; performs as a comment modifying the novel topic.&lt;br /&gt;
* u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks plurality&lt;br /&gt;
* E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks emphasis&lt;br /&gt;
* u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;/E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks addition or comparison depending on context&lt;br /&gt;
* Lack of pauses indicate a continuous idea.&lt;br /&gt;
* Brief pauses (marked with commas) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the previous one.&lt;br /&gt;
* Medial pauses (marked with periods ) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the multiple previous ideas. Which previous ideas they are is left up to context.&lt;br /&gt;
* Long pauses (marked with elipses) indicate the beginning of an idea unrelates to the previous ones.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Expressions&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Ownership is expressed with &amp;quot;e ON e KI&amp;quot;, translating to &amp;quot;This is big and/but that is small.&amp;quot; This can also be used to compare sizes or quantities of &amp;quot;this&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;that&amp;quot;, depending on context.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big and small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e on e ki&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This, a big thing, that, and a small thing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON E KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big, the other thing, and small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON, e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big, meanwhile that is small.&amp;quot; This is more often used for comparison of the sizes between &amp;quot;this&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;that&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON. e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;...and this is big. Additionally, that is small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;E on, e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;As for this, this is big, and/but that is small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;E on e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;As for this, this is big and the other thing. There is also a small thing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -9 ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonant ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Laryngeal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m̥&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑʇ&lt;br /&gt;
|n̥&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;mh/ṁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nh/ṅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ny/ņ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ňh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|bʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏʇʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|dʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʰʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;bh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǰh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ķh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|tɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|cʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;č&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǰ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ķ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Rhinoglottic&lt;br /&gt;
|pʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵐb&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏʇˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ⁿd&lt;br /&gt;
|tɕʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᶮɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᶮɟʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑg&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑgʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|kᶣʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑgᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;pp&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nb&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;tt&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nd&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;cc&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;jj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǰ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kk&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ḱḱ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǵ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩǩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ&lt;br /&gt;
|β&lt;br /&gt;
|θ~s̪&lt;br /&gt;
|ð~z̪&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|ç&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|çʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ç&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ś&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ź&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ž&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǵ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l̥&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ̞&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;lh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tap&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥ᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;rh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;řh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ř&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŗh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŗ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Unround&lt;br /&gt;
!Round&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|ỹ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɨ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɨ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʊ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;õ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|ẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|ø̃&lt;br /&gt;
|ɘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ẽ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ë&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|ɛ~æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɔ~ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Grammar ===&lt;br /&gt;
Nouns usually have either feminine or masculine gender. Nouns and proper nouns referring to people can have feminine, masculine, or femasculine. Proper nouns not referring to people are always femasculine. There is some precedent for nouns or proper nouns with the opposite gender that they&#039;re supposed to have being used for alternative versions of the original word. This is primarily used in fiction and physics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -9 has a complex way of marking gender, topic, number, transitivity, specificity, and adjectives that makes them interconnected.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc //-bʰi//, //-te//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem //-ⁿd//, //-l//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc //-bʰiⁿd//, //-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Noun Declensions (&#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Topic within noun phrase&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Topic not within noun phrase&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Subject&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Object&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Subject&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Object&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Noun Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjective Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Noun Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjective Topic&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Generic&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |V &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Singular&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadte&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachte&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaach&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaach&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhal&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhol&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhon&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhon&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadtel&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachontel&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachon&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaachon&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadte&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhite&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhal&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhandal&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadtel&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhindel&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Plural&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Distributive&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Verbs&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Intransitive&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjectives&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the following charts, small asterisked words are atypical declensions.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nouns&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Singular&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Singular&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Singular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//Ø//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ⁿd//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-bʰi//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-bʰiⁿd//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-l//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-te//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-on//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-js//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-json//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!friend&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽnd&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽl&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽte&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽtel&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽon&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽys&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!watermelon&lt;br /&gt;
|vilh&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilnd&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*vill&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhte&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhon&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhx&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!sun&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁ&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńamnd&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaml&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁte&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁon&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁx&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!moon&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗnd&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗl&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhte&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhon&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhx&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!day&lt;br /&gt;
|ma&lt;br /&gt;
|mand&lt;br /&gt;
|*mabhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*mabhind&lt;br /&gt;
|mal&lt;br /&gt;
|*mate&lt;br /&gt;
|*matel&lt;br /&gt;
|maon&lt;br /&gt;
|*mays&lt;br /&gt;
|*mayson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!night&lt;br /&gt;
|bhai&lt;br /&gt;
|bhaind&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaibhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaibhind&lt;br /&gt;
|bhail&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaite&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaitel&lt;br /&gt;
|bhaion&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaiys&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaiyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!day sky&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩnd&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩl&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩte&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩtel&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩon&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩys&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!night sky&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;att&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attand&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;attibhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attibhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attal&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;atte&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attel&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;atton&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;attis&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attison&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!cloud&lt;br /&gt;
|lhä&lt;br /&gt;
|lhänd&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|lhäl&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäte&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhätel&lt;br /&gt;
|lhäon&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäys&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!paper&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũnd&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;bhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;bhind&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũl&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;te&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;tel&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũ&#039;on&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;x&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;xon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!computer&lt;br /&gt;
|zhoto&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotond&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotobhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotobhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotol&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotote&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhototel&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotoon&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotoys&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotoyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!person&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadh&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhand&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhal&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadte&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadtel&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhon&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhx&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Verbs&lt;br /&gt;
!Intransitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//Ø//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-r̥//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ʊ̃//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ʊ̃r̥//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!like&lt;br /&gt;
|qad&lt;br /&gt;
|qatŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|qadõ&lt;br /&gt;
|qadõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!want&lt;br /&gt;
|chëk&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkõ&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!have&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!give&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõ&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõõ&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!receive/take&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;e&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!eat/drink&lt;br /&gt;
|mäx&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxõ&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!breathe&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhim&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!say&lt;br /&gt;
|ää&lt;br /&gt;
|ääŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ääõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ääõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!sing&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!go to&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!leave&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Adjectives&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//-β//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-i//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ɥ//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-l//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-te//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!happy&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaav&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaai&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaaw&lt;br /&gt;
|zaal&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaate&lt;br /&gt;
|zaatel&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!blue&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëv&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëi&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëw&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵël&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëte&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëtel&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -8 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!C&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
!V&lt;br /&gt;
!Non-Back&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* VS̥ʰ VS̬ʰ &amp;gt; V́S̥ V̀S̥ / _%&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)V(C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: any consonant except /ʔ h ɦ/&lt;br /&gt;
* V: any vowel&lt;br /&gt;
* C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: any consonant&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Transliterations ===&lt;br /&gt;
==== Latin ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Kana ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|Ø}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;い&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ミ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;み&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ニ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;に&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;び&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ち&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぢ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;き&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぎ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;し&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;キ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ギ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゐ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;り&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;いぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;う&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;む&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぬ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぷ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;び&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;つ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;づ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;く&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぐ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ク&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;グ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;うぅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;る&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゆ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;え&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;メ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;め&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ネ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ね&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;べ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;て&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;で&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;け&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;げ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ケ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゲ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゑ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;れ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;いぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;お&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;モ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;も&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ノ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;の&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぽ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;と&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ど&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;こ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ご&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぉ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぉ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;コ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;を&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ろ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;よ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;あ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;マ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ま&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ナ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;な&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぱ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ば&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;た&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;だ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;か&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;が&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;カ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ガ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;わ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ら&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;や&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|Ø}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ニ゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;プ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ブ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ト&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ド&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ク゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ん&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;っ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;フ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;シ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ジ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ホ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ン&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゝ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゞ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ウ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ル&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;イ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -7 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect-7 divides words into 3 categories depending on how they can be perceived by the senses: proximal sensation, distal sensation, and general sensation. Deeplect -7-speakers recognize 6 senses in terms of these divisions: sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, and memory. The emotional sense refers to an individual being made to feel an emotion. The memorial sense refers to an individual forming a memory or recalling past memories.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Proximal sensation includes things whose perception is limited to a close range:&lt;br /&gt;
** any object by its texture&lt;br /&gt;
** whispering by sound&lt;br /&gt;
** blood by flavor&lt;br /&gt;
** paper by scent&lt;br /&gt;
** small insects by sight&lt;br /&gt;
** a dream by memory&lt;br /&gt;
* Distal sensation includes things whose perception is &#039;&#039;&#039;not&#039;&#039;&#039; limited to a close range:&lt;br /&gt;
** weather by its temperature&lt;br /&gt;
** shouting by sound&lt;br /&gt;
** chocolate by expectation-induced flavor&lt;br /&gt;
** a fart by scent&lt;br /&gt;
** a building by sight&lt;br /&gt;
** a bear at a zoo by memory&lt;br /&gt;
* General sensation always includes the conceptualization of an object, and senses that are more strongly associated with the concept of it than the sensation of it. Some objects have no associated sensations with them such as&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Often, what translates to a single word in English is split into two or three words depending on how they are experienced in a sentence.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Vocabulary List&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Deeplect -7&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |English&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Word&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Translation&lt;br /&gt;
!Context&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|general: &#039;&#039;visual, conceptual&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[sâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|distal: &#039;&#039;auditory, memorial&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[θâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|proximal: &#039;&#039;tactile, olfactory, gustatory&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -6 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Every word is 6 morae long.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -5 ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -5 has a small consonant inventory with about half of its consonants being clicks. This small size is made up for in extreme allophony.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Dental&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Pulmonic&lt;br /&gt;
!Stop&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|hʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Click&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
X language has two levels of stress: primary and secondary. Primary stress is marked with vowel length and can have a high, low, falling, or rising tone. Secondary stress is marked with either a high or low tone. Primary stress is word-initial, but secondary stress is lexical.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|ẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
(C)(G)V(C); C = consonant; G = /t ʔ w j/; Q = click; V = vowel&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# pʔ tʔ &amp;gt; pʼ tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
# p t c ʔ s &amp;gt; b d ɟ ʔ̞ z / _{i,e} !{#,C̥}_&lt;br /&gt;
# d ǃ &amp;gt; ɟ ǂ / _i&lt;br /&gt;
# w l j &amp;gt; m n ɲ / {Ṽ_,_Ṽ}&lt;br /&gt;
# n t &amp;gt; ŋ k / _{u,ũ}&lt;br /&gt;
# l &amp;gt; ɾ / _{u,o,a}&lt;br /&gt;
# V &amp;gt; Ṽ / ᵑQ_&lt;br /&gt;
# ᵑǀw ᵑǃj &amp;gt; ᵑʘ ᵑǂ&lt;br /&gt;
# hʲ / Ø !_{i,ĩ,e,ẽ}&lt;br /&gt;
# QC / Ø !QC=!w&lt;br /&gt;
# CCC VVV ṼV VṼ CQ jʔ hʲʔ / Ø&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Romanization ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Vowel&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/p/&lt;br /&gt;
![p]&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
![b]&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/i/&lt;br /&gt;
![i]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
![ĩ]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/t/&lt;br /&gt;
![t]&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
![d]&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
![ɟ]&lt;br /&gt;
|dj&lt;br /&gt;
![k]&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
!/ĩ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ĩ]&lt;br /&gt;
|in&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ʔ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
![ʔ̞]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/u/&lt;br /&gt;
![u]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
![ũ]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/s/&lt;br /&gt;
![s]&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
![z]&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/ũ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ũ]&lt;br /&gt;
|un&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/hʲ/&lt;br /&gt;
![hʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/e/&lt;br /&gt;
![e]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
![ẽ]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/w/&lt;br /&gt;
![w]&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
![m]&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/ẽ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ẽ]&lt;br /&gt;
|en&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/l/&lt;br /&gt;
![l]&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
![ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
![n]&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
!/o/&lt;br /&gt;
![o]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
![õ]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/j/&lt;br /&gt;
![j]&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|nj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/a/&lt;br /&gt;
![a]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
![ã]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|cn&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǃ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǃ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qn&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǂ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qny&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/H/&lt;br /&gt;
![H]&lt;br /&gt;
|¯&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǀʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǀʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ch&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/L/&lt;br /&gt;
![L]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǃʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǃʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qh&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qh&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/HL/&lt;br /&gt;
![HL]&lt;br /&gt;
|ˋ&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǀˀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǀˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|c&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/LH&lt;br /&gt;
![LH]&lt;br /&gt;
|´&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǃˀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǃˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|q&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǂˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|q&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǀw/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑʘ]&lt;br /&gt;
|cm&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǃj/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǂ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qny&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -4.5 ==&lt;br /&gt;
This is a naturalistic dialect of Deeplect -4, used for situations where Deeplect -4 would be required to be naturalistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
All consonants can be lengthened except for /r̥ ɽ͡r ˀɽ/. All velars become palatal or palatalized after front vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tʼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʈ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɖ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|g&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡x&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡xʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ð&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɽ͡r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀʟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels and Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels have one of four tones: high, low, falling, and rising. Falling and rising tones are closer to the middle range than high or low. High tone is accompanied by preaspiration. On a word-initial vowel, the preaspiration is breathy. The preaspiration is converted into voiceless aspiration on any preceding voiceless consonant, and breathy voice on any preceding voiced consonant. Low tone is accompanied by creaky voice on the vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels are separated into 2 classes based on their phonotactic behavior and evolutionary history. Class 1 vowels have no phonotactic restrictions other than that they cannot form diphthongs with each other. These vowels originated from the proto-language&#039;s 3-vowel system /e a o/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Class 2 vowels must be preceded or followed by a consonant, or both, and cannot be adjacent to a Class 1 vowel. Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs with each other. These diphthongs use the same tone system as other vowels. Diphthongs with consonants involve sliding articulation. Class 2 diphthongs cannot be adjacent to each other and adhere to the same restrictions as Class 2 monophthongs. They are excluded from the charts because all Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs (or long vowels) with another and it is not specially notated in romanization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are three romanizations systems for Deeplect -4 which differ in vowel and tone notation. The Vohnegien&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Name created by [[Janus]].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; notation prioritized representing historical pronunciation such as syllabic consonants and their descendants being written with an vowel-initial diagraph upon which tones would be marked with diacritics. Vohnegien notation is seen as more outdated by some, but still used by a few scattered Deeplect -4-speaking regions and by linguists.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vohnegien Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨V⟩ here is used to represent a vowel, not the letter V.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̄&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̀&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V́&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Gritchend&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; approached notation from a modern pronunciation in which diacritics are used on consonants to show syllabicity and on vowels to show vowel quality. Gritchend elected to romanize tones with unused consonant letters. Gritchend notation is broadly considered the modern notation of the language and is used in most formal and informal contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Gritchend Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ń&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ḿ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the interest of avoiding the use of diacritics altogether, Vondenberg&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; combined the vowel notation of Vohnegien and tone notation of Gritchend. This more modern romanization is most often used in informal text messages and typing with decorative fonts, which often have poor diacritic support.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vondenberg Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -4 ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
All consonants can be lengthened except for /r̥ ɽ͡r ˀɽ/.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tʼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʈ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|cʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɖ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c͡ç&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c͡çʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ç&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ð&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɽ͡r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʎ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀʎ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels and Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels have one of four tones: high, low, falling, and rising. Falling and rising tones are closer to the middle range than high or low. High tone is accompanied by preaspiration. On a word-initial vowel, the preaspiration is breathy. The preaspiration is converted into voiceless aspiration on any preceding voiceless consonant, and breathy voice on any preceding voiced consonant. Low tone is accompanied by creaky voice on the vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels are separated into 2 classes based on their phonotactic behavior and evolutionary history. Class 1 vowels have no phonotactic restrictions other than that they cannot form diphthongs with each other. These vowels originated from the proto-language&#039;s 3-vowel system /e a o/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Class 2 vowels must be preceded or followed by a consonant, or both, and cannot be adjacent to a Class 1 vowel. Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs with each other. These diphthongs use the same tone system as other vowels. Diphthongs with consonants involve sliding articulation. Class 2 diphthongs cannot be adjacent to each other and adhere to the same restrictions as Class 2 monophthongs. They are excluded from the charts because all Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs (or long vowels) with another and it is not specially notated in romanization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are three romanizations systems for Deeplect -4 which differ in vowel and tone notation. The Vohnegien&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; notation prioritized representing historical pronunciation such as syllabic consonants and their descendants being written with an vowel-initial diagraph upon which tones would be marked with diacritics. Vohnegien notation is seen as more outdated by some, but still used by a few scattered Deeplect -4-speaking regions and by linguists.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vohnegien Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨V⟩ here is used to represent a vowel, not the letter V.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̄&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̀&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V́&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Gritchend&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; approached notation from a modern pronunciation in which diacritics are used on consonants to show syllabicity and on vowels to show vowel quality. Gritchend elected to romanize tones with unused consonant letters. Gritchend notation is broadly considered the modern notation of the language and is used in most formal and informal contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Gritchend Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ń&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ḿ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the interest of avoiding the use of diacritics altogether, Vondenberg&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; combined the vowel notation of Vohnegien and tone notation of Gritchend. This more modern romanization is most often used in informal text messages and typing with decorative fonts, which often have poor diacritic support.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vondenberg Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -3 ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-Click Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar/Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Laryngeal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Stop&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|p &#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡θ &#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t &#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s &#039;&#039;&#039;ts&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡ &#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d &#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡z &#039;&#039;&#039;dz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡ʒ &#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|g &#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s’ &#039;&#039;&#039;ts’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;q’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|ɓ &#039;&#039;&#039;b’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ &#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ &#039;&#039;&#039;gh’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ &#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s &#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ &#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ &#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ &#039;&#039;&#039;ž&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;š’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n &#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|β̞ &#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|lː &#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|r &#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|r̝ &#039;&#039;&#039;rz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Allophony ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* /t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ʃʼ ʄ k ɡ kʼ ɠ/ become [k͡x g͡ɣ k͡xʼ ɠ q ɢ qʼ ʛ] before low or back vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Click Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;mwh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘχ &#039;&#039;&#039;mwx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nzh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nzx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nkh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nllh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nllx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;njh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂχ &#039;&#039;&#039;njx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;mw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;wm&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;zn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;nk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;kn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;nll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;lln&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;jn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ploded&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;mw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘq &#039;&#039;&#039;mwq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀq &#039;&#039;&#039;nzq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃq &#039;&#039;&#039;nkq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁq &#039;&#039;&#039;nllq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂq &#039;&#039;&#039;njq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;wch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qʘχ &#039;&#039;&#039;wx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;zch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǀχ &#039;&#039;&#039;zx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;kch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǃχ &#039;&#039;&#039;kx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;llch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǁχ &#039;&#039;&#039;llx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;jch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǂχ &#039;&#039;&#039;jx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘx &#039;&#039;&#039;gwx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀx &#039;&#039;&#039;gzx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃx &#039;&#039;&#039;gkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁx &#039;&#039;&#039;gllx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂx &#039;&#039;&#039;gjx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;wh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;zh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;llh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gwh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gzh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gkh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gllh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gjh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘq &#039;&#039;&#039;wq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;cz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀq &#039;&#039;&#039;zq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;ck&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃq &#039;&#039;&#039;kq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;cll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁq &#039;&#039;&#039;llq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂq &#039;&#039;&#039;jq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;wg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;zg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;gk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;kg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;gll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;llg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;jg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;w’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;z’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;ll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;j’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gkʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gck’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;wc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;wq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;zc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;zq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;kc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;kq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;llc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;llq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
An apostrophe is placed between grapheme clusters that may be confused with whole graphemes, e.g. ⟨amwha⟩ is /a.ŋʘʰa/ and ⟨am’wha⟩ is /am.kʘʰa/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
The vowel qualities are /i u e o a ã/ ⟨i u e o a ã⟩, with the long vowels /iː uː ɛː ɔː ɑː ãː/ ⟨ī ū ē ō ā ãa⟩ and overlong vowels /iːː uːː eːːː oːːː aːːː ãːːː/ ⟨ii uu ee oo aa ãā⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The possible diphthongs are /ei eo oe oi ou oa ue ua ai ae au ao oã uã ãi ãe ãu ão/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phonations include modal, breathy ⟨◌h⟩, creaky ⟨◌’⟩, (all three of which can be pharyngealized ⟨◌·⟩), and strident ⟨◌ħ⟩. A long vowels and diphthongs can contain more than one phonation, but short and overlong vowels cannot.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels can be -ATR or +ATR ⟨◌y⟩, corresponding to tongue root harmony. This harmony can change voiceless plain stops to breathy stops (except /p/ which becomes [b]). It is a progressive harmony that begins from the start of a root word and is blocked by ejective and uvular consonants. +ATR is only romanized on the first vowel of a root word.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Allophony ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Vowels are nasalized whenever adjacent to nasal phonemes. /ã/ merges with /a/, so ⟨ã⟩ is not used adjacent to nasal phonemes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -2 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labiodental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɱ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɴ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Tense&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̪̊}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̪̊ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’tw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̥ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɟ̊}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɟ̊ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɢ̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɢ̥ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʡ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lax&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’dhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ghw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ð}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ðʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ðw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|zʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʝ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʝʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;yw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʁ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʁʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;xw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʜ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Vibrant&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ⱱ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|r}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|rʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|l̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|l}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʎ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʟ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Non-Front&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|í}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;í&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ì}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɨ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ú&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɨ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|é}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;é&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|è}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɘ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ó&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɘ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɐ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;á&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɐ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -1 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Grammar&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Gloss&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Description&lt;br /&gt;
!Examples&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!CAUS.GNO&lt;br /&gt;
|jɾa-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;production, resultation, consequence (gnomic and nouns)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kesˈteltɔ jɾaˈmiawa (earth brings life)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!CAUS&lt;br /&gt;
|ko-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;caused (tense, verbs only)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kes&#039;teltɔ koˈmiawe̤ (earth is causing life to exist)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOA&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -e̤&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of agent, MOA). MOA verbs receive an adverb? auxiliary verb? after, showing the precise action taking place if it isn&#039;t clear from the primary verb (it would be clear if the prim. verb was &amp;quot;to go to&amp;quot; but not if it&#039;s &amp;quot;to water&amp;quot;). unclear primary verbs used without secondary verbs are said to simply &amp;quot;be occuring&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;be existing&amp;quot;.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːje̤ (approaching water)&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtelte̤ (kicking the ground)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOS&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -ʕu&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of secondary thing, MOS). MOS places the object after the verb. objects and &amp;quot;secondary verbs&amp;quot; (referenced above) do not differ in marking&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːjʕu (splashing water on someone/watering something)&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈteltʕu (kicking dirt at something/someone)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOP&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -a(ʕim)&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of patient, MOP). MOP places its object before the verb. -ʕim is only added for formality, emphasis, or syntactic disambiguation.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːja(ʕim) ~ spraying water around&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtela(ʕim) ~ kicking up dirt&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
whether a verb is conjugated to MOA/MOS/MOP is determined by which action the speaker wants to focus on the most, even though usually 2 or 3 of them will be actually occuring&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
topic pronouns (marked for person, number, and obviation) are clitics that attach to a particle with some of their grammatical information (cases).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV1 ~ ũ=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV2 ~ nã=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV3 ~ ˈdeu=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV1 ~ in=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV2 ~ ja̤=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV3 ~ tḛːŋ=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV1 ~ ki=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV2 ~ ɾḛj=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV3 ~ aːn=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.PL.INCL ~ eˈdo=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.PL.EXCL ~ kʼe=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.PL.INCL ~ ˈkimi=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.PL.EXCL ~ ˈhuku=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV1 ~ sto=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV2 ~ ˈmihi=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV3 ~ aˈdoː=&lt;br /&gt;
# REFL ~ pi&lt;br /&gt;
#* used in stuff like drinking(MOS), eating(MOS), etc.&lt;br /&gt;
# nominative ~ i&lt;br /&gt;
# vocative ~ -ʃa̤,ja̤/i&#039;ja̤&lt;br /&gt;
# benefactive ~ -(ɾ)e/ri&lt;br /&gt;
# malefactive ~ -ḛːse/ḛːse&lt;br /&gt;
# dative ~ -ãw/ŋaw&lt;br /&gt;
# commitative ~ -(k,ɡ,ʼ)iː/kiː&lt;br /&gt;
# instrumental ~ -(s,z)ãʰː/zãʰː&lt;br /&gt;
# other case particles can be derived using class-less variants of words, which can get prefixed to a non-topic noun&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* sometimes the particle may be used alone instead of the pronoun clitic.&lt;br /&gt;
* the pronoun clitic can be attached to a word to show stronger volition toward that aspect of the action described in the sentence (i.e. TOP=[verb] for showing stronger intent for the action than the object, or TOP=[object] for the opposite). stronger volition toward one aspect often implies weaker volition or intent toward the rest (TOP=[verb] may imply accidentally affecting the object, and TOP=[object] may imply accidentally performing the action, but meaning to do something to the object).&lt;br /&gt;
* both or either of the pronoun clitic and particle may be omitted. omission only occurs in the event of redundance.&lt;br /&gt;
* there is a subject case particle.&lt;br /&gt;
* other NPs are listed in the beginning of the sentence in order of decreasing relevance. their cases (and conjunctions) are expressed in affixes, not a particle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* every part of speech has its own set of classes (they do not correspond to each other).&lt;br /&gt;
* modifiers are added by affixing the modifiee&#039;s class suffix and changing the modifiee&#039;s suffix to -aː (this assumes all classes affixes will be suffixes but maybe i wont do that)&lt;br /&gt;
*# kesˈteltɔ &#039;&#039;modified by&#039;&#039; beˈʔaɾa (cooled lava ground) &amp;gt; kesˈtelt&#039;&#039;&#039;-ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; beˈʔa-ɾa &amp;gt; kesˈtelt-aː beˈʔa-ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039;-ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;gt; kesˈteltaː beˈʔaɔ&lt;br /&gt;
* noun classes (suffixes and prefixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -a, -ɔ ~ fluid, changing (animals, thoughts, breath, wind, clothing, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ɾa ~ dangerous (lava, fire, poisonous food, weapon used, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# zũː- ~ machinery (car, computer, lock, some weapons merely existing)&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ- ~ valuable natural item (diamond, gold, ivory)&lt;br /&gt;
# tʰe- ~ material for use (wood, paper, ink, glue, metal, cloth)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ʔiː ~ natural (plants, sun, moon, dirt, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# -nõ ~ human, human-related concept, or thing altered by humanity (person, domesticated animals, weapon created, gods from secular perspective)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* verb classes (suffixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -e ~&lt;br /&gt;
# -l ~&lt;br /&gt;
# -a ~&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* adjective/adverb classes (prefixes):&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;unmarked&#039;&#039; ~ quality&lt;br /&gt;
* xe- ~ identity&lt;br /&gt;
* o- ~ relation&lt;br /&gt;
* adposition classes (suffixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* when creating a phrase or description, go with more actually-occurs options before hypothetical or culturally-specific ones (i.e. kesˈteltaː beˈʔaɾɔ is a ground of cooled lava, not the ground being molten lava as is pretended in the game &amp;quot;the floor is lava&amp;quot;, since the former is more likely to be used in a real situation than the latter)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtelt&#039;&#039;&#039;ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈbiːj&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kṵː&#039;&#039;&#039;ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ fire&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈmiaw&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ life&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;zũː&#039;&#039;&#039;kũː ~ metal, mechanical&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;kʰ&#039;&#039;&#039;uːihu ~ gold&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
beˈʔa&#039;&#039;&#039;ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ lava&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;ːsʼaː ~ wood&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
liˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ plant&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
oˈŋãi&#039;&#039;&#039;nõ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ human&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
eˈumĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ love&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
çiː&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ emotion(s)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
xkiˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ think, mind&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;nũː ~ paper&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;ˈʔjul ~ ink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;zũː&#039;&#039;&#039;mãi ~ pen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
he ~ move to&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
iːl ~ move at/in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ɬaː ~ express, release, secrete&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈtʰeŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ visible attribute&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kɔʔj&#039;&#039;&#039;ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ color, shadow, brightness, angle&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
tḛjjɔ ~ red, hot pink, orange, brown, violet&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
vɾiː ~ yellow, orange, lime, beige, white, pink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ħaːn ~ green, lime, evergreen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈijaɲ ~ cyan, mint&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈṳba ~ blue, indigo, purple, black&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
naːˈħal ~ dark yellow, muddy green&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ħũːe ~ correct, factual, verified, verifiable&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects&amp;diff=39605</id>
		<title>Trace Deeplects</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects&amp;diff=39605"/>
		<updated>2026-05-06T20:07:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Trace Deeplects&#039;&#039;&#039; are incomplete portions of languages that have been detected in experiments attempting to verif’ the [[Deep Dimensional]] theory. While the strongest evidence for Deep Dimensional is the languages that have inexplicably appeared, [[MARA]] experiments have found trace amounts of languages in their investigations, giving it more credibility. However, measurement error is not ruled out. This article will contain all the information on every Trace Deeplect. Trace Deeplects are listed in order of their negative discovery.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -F ==&lt;br /&gt;
Pink: onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blue: word-medial onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uncolored: any position&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
!Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ŋ̊ nh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|m m&lt;br /&gt;
|n n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ g&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ gu&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |kʰ kh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |t t&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |k k&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |dʑʱ j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |sʰ sh&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ɕʰ ch&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ f&lt;br /&gt;
|s s&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ c&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |x x&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
!Unrounded&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l l&lt;br /&gt;
|j y&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ w&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Rounded&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ yu&lt;br /&gt;
|w wu&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# m &amp;gt; mʲ / _{i,e,a}[–RTR]&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ ɴ k x &amp;gt; ɲ ŋʷ k̟ x̟ / _{i,e}&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ &amp;gt; k̟ʰ / _{i,e,a}&lt;br /&gt;
# k x &amp;gt; k̠ x̠ / _{a,o}&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ &amp;gt; k̠ʰ / _o&lt;br /&gt;
# l &amp;gt; ɾ / {i,e}_{i,e}&lt;br /&gt;
# dʑʱi dʑʱiʱ &amp;gt; dʑʑ̩ dʑʱʑ̩ʱ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!-RTR&lt;br /&gt;
!+RTR&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Close&lt;br /&gt;
!Modal&lt;br /&gt;
|i í&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ ír&lt;br /&gt;
|i i&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ ir&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Breathy&lt;br /&gt;
|iʱ íh&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ʱ írh&lt;br /&gt;
|iʱ ih&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ʱ irh&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|iˀ í&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ˀ ír&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|iˀ i&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i̙ˀ ir&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
!Modal&lt;br /&gt;
|e é&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ ér&lt;br /&gt;
|e e&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ er&lt;br /&gt;
|o ó&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ ór&lt;br /&gt;
|o o&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ or&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Breathy&lt;br /&gt;
|eʱ éh&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ʱ érh&lt;br /&gt;
|eʱ eh&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ʱ erh&lt;br /&gt;
|oʱ óh&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ʱ órh&lt;br /&gt;
|oʱ oh&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ʱ orh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|eˀ é&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ˀ ér&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|eˀ e&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|e̙ˀ er&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|oˀ ó&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ˀ ór&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|oˀ o&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o̙ˀ or&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Open&lt;br /&gt;
!Modal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a á&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ ár&lt;br /&gt;
|a a&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ ar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Breathy&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|aʱ áh&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ʱ árh&lt;br /&gt;
|aʱ ah&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ʱ arh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|aˀ á&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ˀ ár&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|aˀ a&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|a̙ˀ ar&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# /V́/ cannot occur after /m n ŋ ɴ t k ɸ s ɕ x/&lt;br /&gt;
# /V̀/ cannot occur after /ŋ̊ kʰ dʑʱ sʰ ɕʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
# /i̙ e̙ a̙ o̙/ cannot occur after /ŋ kʰ k dʑʱ/&lt;br /&gt;
# i i̙ e e̙ a a̙ o o̙ &amp;gt; ʑ̩ i ɪ e ɛ a ø o / {ɕ(ʰ),j}_&lt;br /&gt;
# i i̙ e e̙ a a̙ o o̙ &amp;gt; ɨ i ə e ɑ a ɔ o / {ɰ,w}_&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Adjectives ===&lt;br /&gt;
Adjectives all end in -ó.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Word Order ===&lt;br /&gt;
TOP - PP - ADJ - TAM - ADV - A1 - A2 - A3 - V1 - V2 - ADJ - A - PP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
TOP: A topic is optional, and primarily only included for emphasis, introduction, change of situation, surprise, questions, and answers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PP: The posposition following the topic marks its case if it is not the subject (i.e. agent or highly respected object).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ADJ: Adjectives follow a topic or its postposition. Preverbal nouns cannot have adjectives&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
TAM: TAM is a particle or two marking tense, aspect, and/or mood. Usually, the tense marker is separate from the aspect-mood marker, but it&#039;s only used if the implied tense from the AM is inaccurate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ADV: Adverbs are only distinguished from arguments if there are few arguments mentioned (typically 3-4, no more than 6). When there are many arguments, any adverbial statements must be converted into arguments themselves, following the verbs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A1-3: Arguments 1-3 are the subject, indirect object, and direct object, respectively. They are placed in that exact order when preceding the verb. The order for the others remains intact if one is placed in the position of topic. Arguments 1-3 retain their order but are all placed after the verbs if any one of them (that is not the topic) is modified by an adjective. When any of the 3 arguments are omitted, a prefix with the personhood and obviation of the omitted argument(s) is attached to the first verb.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
V1: Verb 1 is the main verb.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
V2: Verb 2 is a&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -E ==&lt;br /&gt;
Pink: coda only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Green: onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Purple: word-medial onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uncolored: any position&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Pharyngeal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|mʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;mj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʰʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;tj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ku&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |t &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;dj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;gu&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ʔ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;fj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |s &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ɕ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;sjj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |x &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|xʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;xj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |h &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |sː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ss&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ɕ̟ː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ssj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |ɾ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;wj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|w &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;wu&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
kʷʰ kʷ w &amp;gt; pʰ p b / _($)(C)o&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/K(ʷ) Kʲ/ = [K̠(ʷ) K̟]&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
|i &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|iː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ī&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|eː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ē&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|oː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ō&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|aː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ā&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Noun Class ===&lt;br /&gt;
The following are classes for nouns.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -o: blooming flower (associated with life, vulnerability, singular success, youth, love (all kinds), the self, spirit, soul, novelty, beginnings)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ui: withering flower (associated with death, ends, cumulative success, maturity, wisdom, knowledge)&lt;br /&gt;
# -enj: day (associated with colors, grandeur, vastness, the sea, water, light)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ī: night (associated with darkness, sleep, dreams, black vs. white, simplicity, revelation)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The following are classes for verbs, adjectives, adverbs and particles that agree with nouns. Adverbs agree with the topic noun. Verbs agree with the patient noun when it is animate. Verbs agree with the agent noun if the patient noun is inanimate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -i, -e, -yV: cute&lt;br /&gt;
# -a, -ā, -akj: beautiful&lt;br /&gt;
# -n: alien&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Particles for verbs are marked for familiar (cute and beautiful are merged), and alien classes but unpredictably. These agree with the verb.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -D ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Prepalatal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Prevelar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Postvelar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Emphatic&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Emphatic&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|mˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n &#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|nˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ̟ &#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṗh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʰʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;cv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;kv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lax&lt;br /&gt;
|p &#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|pˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṗ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t &#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ &#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡ &#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;qw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tense&lt;br /&gt;
|b &#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|bˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḍ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʷʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Continuant&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s &#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ &#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;šw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ç &#039;&#039;&#039;hy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|xʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ &#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;xw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|h &#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|hʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;hw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l &#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|w &#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ &#039;&#039;&#039;ġ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ġw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r &#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʀ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṛ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Syllabic Consonants ====&lt;br /&gt;
Syllabic consonants are romanized as double letters only when adjacent to two vowels or a nonsyllabic variant of each other.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Prepalatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Postvelar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;m, mm&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;n, nn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋ, ŋŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;s, ss&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;š, šš&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|x̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫ, ḫḫ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ̍ &#039;&#039;&#039;x, xx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħ, ħħ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;l, ll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;r, rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Central&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e &#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ &#039;&#039;&#039;oy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o &#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Near-Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɐ &#039;&#039;&#039;ay&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a &#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pitch-Accent ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -D uses seven pitch accents: high (ā [ꜛaꜜ]), mid (a [a]), low (ȧ [ꜜaꜛ]), falling (à [ꜛâꜜ]), rising (á [ǎꜛ]), high-falling (â [âꜜ]), and dipping (ǎ [â]), which can be placed on any mora except for the final one. All vowels and all syllabic consonants can receive a pitch accent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;High&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent gives only one mora a high tone while the rest have low tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Mid&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent makes a word retain low tone throughout (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Low&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent gives one more a low tone while the rest have high tone (H-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-H)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Falling&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes the tone of one mora from high to low while the rest of the morae have a low tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HL&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Rising&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes one mora&#039;s tone from low to high while the preceding morae have a low tone and the following morae have a high tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;LH&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-H)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;High-falling&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes one mora&#039;s tone from high to mid while the preceding morae have a high tone and the following morae have a low tone (H-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HM&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Dipping&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes the tone of one mora from high to low while the rest of the morae have a mid tone (M-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HL&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-M)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
(C)V&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Three of the same phoneme cannot occur in a row; syllabic consonants count as consonants in this rule.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
E: /e/, [i ɪ e̞ ɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Y: /ɲ̟ c̟ʰ c̟ʰʷ c̟ c̟ʷ c̟ʼ c̟ʷʼ ɕ ɕʷ ç j/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# /C₁C̩₁ C̩₁C₁/ = [C₁ːː C₁ːː]&lt;br /&gt;
# /C̩V VC̩/ = [CːV VCː]&lt;br /&gt;
# /e ɵ o/ = [e̞ ɵ̞ o̞]&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ o̞ ɵ̞ → ɛ ɞ ɔ / {_#,#_%,V_%}&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → ɪ ɵ ʊ ɘ ɜ / _Cː&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → i ʉ u ɨ ə / _Cːː&lt;br /&gt;
# ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → ø̞ ɵ̞ æ̝ æ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ɞ ɔ → œ ɞ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ʊ ɵ ɘ ɜ → ʉ̞ ø e ɛ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# u ʉ ɨ ə → ʉ y ɪ e̞ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ(ʷ) → ɴ(ʷ) / _{a,ɐ,ɔ,o,ʊ}&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ(ʷ) → ɴ(ʷ) / {a,ɐ,ɔ,o,ʊ}_%&lt;br /&gt;
# C̩[-labial] → C̩[-labial]ʷ / C[+labial]_&lt;br /&gt;
# F̩[-voice] → F̩[+voice] / C[+voice]_&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Word Formation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -D&#039;s word formation is unusual. The etymology of words comes from an abstract dimension where tracing the language consistently to its proto-form becomes impossible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -C ṡżṠŻǎǔǐěǒẽĩũẙů ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonemic Inventory ===&lt;br /&gt;
==== Onsets ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Coronal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Peripheral&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|nː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|mː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|tʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|kˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|tː&lt;br /&gt;
|tʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|kː&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|kˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|sʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|sː&lt;br /&gt;
|sʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|lʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|lʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|lˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Nuclei ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Coronal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Occlusive&lt;br /&gt;
!Spread glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|ḿ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|ń̩&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̩́&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Constricted glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|m̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|ǹ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Continuant&lt;br /&gt;
!Spread glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŕ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ó&lt;br /&gt;
|é&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Constricted glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ò&lt;br /&gt;
|è&lt;br /&gt;
|à&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# (C)V&lt;br /&gt;
# Geminates can only occur word-medially&lt;br /&gt;
# Syllabic obstruents cannot immediately precede a syllabic resonant.&lt;br /&gt;
# /n̩/ and /ŋ̩/ cannot be word-intial.&lt;br /&gt;
# Syllabic nasals can only be adjacent to vowels or other syllabic nasals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Secondary articulations in onsets are typically contained within the time of articulation of the main articulation. There may be an onglide, but never an offglide.&lt;br /&gt;
# Secondary articulations in nuclei very often result in an offglide, which is fricated in the case of aspirated consonants.&lt;br /&gt;
# Tenuis syllabic obstruents are geminated.&lt;br /&gt;
# /t͡sʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) s̩ʷ(ː) sʲ(ː) s̩ʲ(ː)/ are realized as [t͜s͡ɸ(ː) s͡ɸ(ː) s̩͡ɸ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɕ̩(ː)]&lt;br /&gt;
# /e o/ become [ɛ ɔ] following a pharyngealized consonant.&lt;br /&gt;
# /a/ becomes [e] after /e/, except when /e/ is [ɛ], then /a/ becomes [ɛ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /a/ becomes [o] after /o/, except when /o/ is [ɔ], then /a/ becomes [ɔ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /e/ becomes [i] after /e/.&lt;br /&gt;
# /o/ becomes [u] after /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /t(ː) t͡s(ː) s(ː) l n h/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ ɲ ç] and /e/ becomes [i].&lt;br /&gt;
#* /tʲ(ː) t͡sʲ(ː) sʲ(ː) lʲ/ merge with /t(ː) t͡s(ː) s(ː) l/ before /e/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tʷ(ː) t͡sʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) lʷ/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ] and /e/ becomes [y].&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tˤ(ː) t͡sˤ(ː) sˤ(ː) lˤ/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ] and /e/ becomes [ɛ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /t(ː) s(ː) l n h/ become [p(ː) s͡ɸ(ː) ⱱ̟ m ʍ] before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
#* /tʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) lʷ/ merge with /t(ː) s(ː) l/ before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
#* /n/ merges with [m] before /o/, but /nː/ remains [nː].&lt;br /&gt;
# /tʲ(ː) lʲ/ become [pʲ(ː) ⱱ̟ʲ] before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tˤ(ː) lˤ/ precede /o/, they become [pˤ(ː) ⱱ̟ˤ] and /o/ becomes [ɔ].&lt;br /&gt;
# Word-initial /m̩/ assimilates to the place of articulation of the last phone of the previous word. If it cannot do so, it assimilates to the place of articulation of the following phone. If it cannot do so either, it remains [m̩].&lt;br /&gt;
# Word-initial /m̩/ experiences sandhi from the tone of the previous word&#039;s final syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
# /r̩/ becomes [l̩] when next to a vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
# Low tones become falling tones when preceded by only one phonemic high tone.&lt;br /&gt;
# High tones become rising tones when preceded by only one phonemic low tone.&lt;br /&gt;
# Low tones merge with high tones when preceded by a rising tone&lt;br /&gt;
# High tones merge with low tones when preceded by a falling tone&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Romanization ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Onsets&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Nuclei&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![m]&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
![mː]&lt;br /&gt;
|mm&lt;br /&gt;
![í]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
![ì]&lt;br /&gt;
|ī&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![n]&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
![nː]&lt;br /&gt;
|nn&lt;br /&gt;
![ý]&lt;br /&gt;
|ü&lt;br /&gt;
![ỳ]&lt;br /&gt;
|û&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|nj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
![é]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
![è]&lt;br /&gt;
|ē&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
![ɛ́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ë&lt;br /&gt;
![ɛ̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|ê&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![p]&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
![pː]&lt;br /&gt;
|pp&lt;br /&gt;
![á]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
![à]&lt;br /&gt;
|ā&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![pʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|pj&lt;br /&gt;
![pʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ppj&lt;br /&gt;
![ú]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
![ù]&lt;br /&gt;
|ū&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![pˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|pg&lt;br /&gt;
![pˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ppg&lt;br /&gt;
![ó]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
![ò]&lt;br /&gt;
|ō&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t]&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
![tː]&lt;br /&gt;
|tt&lt;br /&gt;
![ɔ́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ö&lt;br /&gt;
![ɔ̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|ô&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tv&lt;br /&gt;
![tʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttv&lt;br /&gt;
![ḿ̩, ḿ̩ʲ, ḿ̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ym&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot;&amp;gt;⟨y⟩ may optionally be omitted if the syllabic consonant follows a vowel but does not precede one.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![m̩̀, m̩̀ʲ, m̩̀ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tj&lt;br /&gt;
![tʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttj&lt;br /&gt;
![ń̩, ń̩ʷ, ń̩ʲ, ń̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yn&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ǹ̩, ǹ̩ʷ, ǹ̩ʲ, ǹ̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’n&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tg&lt;br /&gt;
![tˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttg&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ̩́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ynj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’nj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![c]&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
![cː]&lt;br /&gt;
|cc&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ̩́, ŋ̩́ʷ, ŋ̩́ʲ, ŋ̩́ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yng&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ̩̀, ŋ̩̀ʷ, ŋ̩̀ʲ, ŋ̩̀ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’ng&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![k]&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
![kː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kk&lt;br /&gt;
![ŕ̩]&lt;br /&gt;
|yr&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![r̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kv&lt;br /&gt;
![kʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkv&lt;br /&gt;
![ĺ̩]&lt;br /&gt;
|yl&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![l̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kj&lt;br /&gt;
![kʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkj&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʷʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ytv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’tv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kg&lt;br /&gt;
![kˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkg&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʲʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ytj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’tj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡s]&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zz&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yt&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’t&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͜s͡ɸ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zv&lt;br /&gt;
![t͜s͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzv&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʷʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ykv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’kv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zj&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzj&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʲʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ykj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’kj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zg&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzg&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yk&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![c͡ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|x&lt;br /&gt;
![c͡ɕː]&lt;br /&gt;
|xx&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩͡ɸʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ysv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’sv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![s]&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
![sː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ss&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ys&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’s&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![s͡ɸ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sv&lt;br /&gt;
![s͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssv&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ̩ʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ysj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:03&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ̩ː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’sj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![sˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sg&lt;br /&gt;
![sˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sj&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ç]&lt;br /&gt;
|hj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ʍ]&lt;br /&gt;
|hv&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![h]&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟]&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟ʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|bj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|bg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![l]&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lv&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vocabulary ===&lt;br /&gt;
mākvylo (car) {{Ipa|/màkʷŕ̩ó/ [ma˩kʷl̩˩˥o˥]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
haerī (bicycle) {{Ipa|/háélì/ [ha˥e˥ɾi˥˩]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
boccü (dog) {{Ipa|/lótʷːé/ [ⱱ̟o˥cːy˥]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
mō’kv (person) {{Ipa|/mòk̩ʷː/ [mo˩k̩ːʷ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
akām (dot) {{Ipa|/ákàm̩̀/ [a˥ka˥˩m̩˩]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -B ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |PULMONIC&lt;br /&gt;
CONSONANTS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Pharyngeal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|m~w̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n~ɾ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ~j̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ~ɰ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀm&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|b͡pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;bp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ d͡tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;th dt&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲʰ d͡tʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ch dc&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|qʰ ɡ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kh gk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ d͡tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t’ dt’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲʼ d͡tʲʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’ dc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ ɢ͡qʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’ gk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!implosive&lt;br /&gt;
|ɓ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;b’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|b͡β&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;bv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cs&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ͡ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;yy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡x ɡ͡ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kx gx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡t͜sʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ds&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡t͜ɕʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dcs&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡k͜xʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ɕʼ d͡t͜ɕʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cs’ dcs’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡xʼ ɡ͡k͜xʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kx’ gx’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|β&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɮ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ ɮʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s zy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|x~χ ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|w~b&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|l~d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ~ɡ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʜ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
p ś ł ṭ ṣ j&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |CLICKS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Prealveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nśh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nłh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;njh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mp’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; |Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!delayed release&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;pk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|‼͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼋͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;pk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|‼͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼋͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gśh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;głh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gjh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gp’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!VOWELS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|i̝&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ii&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|u̝&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|i~ɪ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|u~ʊ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ə ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ẹ  oy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɞ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ọy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ọ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ạ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Words can either be monosyllabic and contain contour or level tones, or be polysyllabic and only contain level tones.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!TONES&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
|H&lt;br /&gt;
|HM&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|M&lt;br /&gt;
|ML&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|LM&lt;br /&gt;
|L&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -A ==&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -A is intended to create a manner of communication that involves very little complexity, whether that be phonological, grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic, and therefore easy and intuitive to learn from any linguistic background. Words do not take on parts of speech (noun, verb, etc.) or grammatical roles (subject, object, etc.) typical of natural languages. The syntactic structure is based purely on the relationships of emphasized words, unemphasized words, and pauses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Vocabulary&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* small: ki&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe small size, quantity, height, social position, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* big: on&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe large size, quantity, height, social position, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* move: ne&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe living things, fluids, motion, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* stay: at&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe unmoving things, solids, the ground, some locations, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* subject: e (subject of discussion, not gramamtical subject)&lt;br /&gt;
* not: su&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Syntax&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; = unemphasized word; &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; = emphasized word&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* uE: &#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; performs as a topic, &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; performs as a comment modifying the topic.&lt;br /&gt;
* Eu: &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; performs as a novel topic, &#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; performs as a comment modifying the novel topic.&lt;br /&gt;
* u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks plurality&lt;br /&gt;
* E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks emphasis&lt;br /&gt;
* u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;/E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks addition or comparison depending on context&lt;br /&gt;
* Lack of pauses indicate a continuous idea.&lt;br /&gt;
* Brief pauses (marked with commas) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the previous one.&lt;br /&gt;
* Medial pauses (marked with periods ) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the multiple previous ideas. Which previous ideas they are is left up to context.&lt;br /&gt;
* Long pauses (marked with elipses) indicate the beginning of an idea unrelates to the previous ones.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Expressions&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Ownership is expressed with &amp;quot;e ON e KI&amp;quot;, translating to &amp;quot;This is big and/but that is small.&amp;quot; This can also be used to compare sizes or quantities of &amp;quot;this&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;that&amp;quot;, depending on context.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big and small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e on e ki&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This, a big thing, that, and a small thing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON E KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big, the other thing, and small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON, e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big, meanwhile that is small.&amp;quot; This is more often used for comparison of the sizes between &amp;quot;this&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;that&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON. e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;...and this is big. Additionally, that is small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;E on, e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;As for this, this is big, and/but that is small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;E on e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;As for this, this is big and the other thing. There is also a small thing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -9 ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonant ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Laryngeal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m̥&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑʇ&lt;br /&gt;
|n̥&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;mh/ṁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nh/ṅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ny/ņ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ňh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|bʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏʇʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|dʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʰʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;bh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǰh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ķh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|tɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|cʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;č&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǰ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ķ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Rhinoglottic&lt;br /&gt;
|pʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵐb&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏʇˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ⁿd&lt;br /&gt;
|tɕʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᶮɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᶮɟʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑg&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑgʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|kᶣʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑgᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;pp&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nb&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;tt&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nd&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;cc&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;jj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǰ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kk&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ḱḱ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǵ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩǩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ&lt;br /&gt;
|β&lt;br /&gt;
|θ~s̪&lt;br /&gt;
|ð~z̪&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|ç&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|çʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ç&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ś&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ź&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ž&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǵ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l̥&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ̞&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;lh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tap&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥ᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;rh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;řh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ř&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŗh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŗ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Unround&lt;br /&gt;
!Round&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|ỹ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɨ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɨ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʊ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;õ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|ẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|ø̃&lt;br /&gt;
|ɘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ẽ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ë&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|ɛ~æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɔ~ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Grammar ===&lt;br /&gt;
Nouns usually have either feminine or masculine gender. Nouns and proper nouns referring to people can have feminine, masculine, or femasculine. Proper nouns not referring to people are always femasculine. There is some precedent for nouns or proper nouns with the opposite gender that they&#039;re supposed to have being used for alternative versions of the original word. This is primarily used in fiction and physics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -9 has a complex way of marking gender, topic, number, transitivity, specificity, and adjectives that makes them interconnected.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc //-bʰi//, //-te//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem //-ⁿd//, //-l//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc //-bʰiⁿd//, //-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Noun Declensions (&#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Topic within noun phrase&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Topic not within noun phrase&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Subject&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Object&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Subject&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Object&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Noun Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjective Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Noun Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjective Topic&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Generic&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |V &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Singular&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadte&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachte&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaach&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaach&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhal&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhol&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhon&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhon&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadtel&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachontel&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachon&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaachon&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadte&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhite&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhal&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhandal&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadtel&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhindel&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Plural&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Distributive&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Verbs&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Intransitive&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjectives&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the following charts, small asterisked words are atypical declensions.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nouns&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Singular&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Singular&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Singular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//Ø//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ⁿd//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-bʰi//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-bʰiⁿd//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-l//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-te//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-on//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-js//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-json//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!friend&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽnd&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽl&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽte&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽtel&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽon&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽys&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!watermelon&lt;br /&gt;
|vilh&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilnd&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*vill&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhte&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhon&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhx&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!sun&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁ&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńamnd&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaml&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁte&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁon&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁx&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!moon&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗnd&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗl&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhte&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhon&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhx&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!day&lt;br /&gt;
|ma&lt;br /&gt;
|mand&lt;br /&gt;
|*mabhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*mabhind&lt;br /&gt;
|mal&lt;br /&gt;
|*mate&lt;br /&gt;
|*matel&lt;br /&gt;
|maon&lt;br /&gt;
|*mays&lt;br /&gt;
|*mayson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!night&lt;br /&gt;
|bhai&lt;br /&gt;
|bhaind&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaibhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaibhind&lt;br /&gt;
|bhail&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaite&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaitel&lt;br /&gt;
|bhaion&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaiys&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaiyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!day sky&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩnd&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩl&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩte&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩtel&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩon&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩys&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!night sky&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;att&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attand&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;attibhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attibhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attal&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;atte&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attel&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;atton&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;attis&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attison&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!cloud&lt;br /&gt;
|lhä&lt;br /&gt;
|lhänd&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|lhäl&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäte&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhätel&lt;br /&gt;
|lhäon&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäys&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!paper&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũnd&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;bhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;bhind&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũl&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;te&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;tel&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũ&#039;on&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;x&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;xon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!computer&lt;br /&gt;
|zhoto&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotond&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotobhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotobhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotol&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotote&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhototel&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotoon&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotoys&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotoyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!person&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadh&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhand&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhal&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadte&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadtel&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhon&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhx&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Verbs&lt;br /&gt;
!Intransitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//Ø//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-r̥//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ʊ̃//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ʊ̃r̥//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!like&lt;br /&gt;
|qad&lt;br /&gt;
|qatŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|qadõ&lt;br /&gt;
|qadõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!want&lt;br /&gt;
|chëk&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkõ&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!have&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!give&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõ&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõõ&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!receive/take&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;e&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!eat/drink&lt;br /&gt;
|mäx&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxõ&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!breathe&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhim&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!say&lt;br /&gt;
|ää&lt;br /&gt;
|ääŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ääõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ääõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!sing&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!go to&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!leave&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Adjectives&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//-β//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-i//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ɥ//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-l//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-te//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!happy&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaav&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaai&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaaw&lt;br /&gt;
|zaal&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaate&lt;br /&gt;
|zaatel&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!blue&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëv&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëi&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëw&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵël&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëte&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëtel&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -8 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!C&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
!V&lt;br /&gt;
!Non-Back&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* VS̥ʰ VS̬ʰ &amp;gt; V́S̥ V̀S̥ / _%&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)V(C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: any consonant except /ʔ h ɦ/&lt;br /&gt;
* V: any vowel&lt;br /&gt;
* C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: any consonant&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Transliterations ===&lt;br /&gt;
==== Latin ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Kana ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|Ø}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;い&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ミ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;み&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ニ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;に&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;び&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ち&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぢ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;き&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぎ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;し&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;キ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ギ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゐ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;り&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;いぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;う&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;む&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぬ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぷ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;び&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;つ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;づ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;く&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぐ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ク&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;グ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;うぅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;る&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゆ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;え&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;メ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;め&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ネ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ね&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;べ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;て&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;で&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;け&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;げ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ケ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゲ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゑ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;れ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;いぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;お&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;モ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;も&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ノ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;の&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぽ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;と&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ど&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;こ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ご&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぉ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぉ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;コ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;を&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ろ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;よ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;あ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;マ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ま&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ナ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;な&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぱ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ば&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;た&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;だ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;か&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;が&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;カ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ガ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;わ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ら&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;や&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|Ø}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ニ゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;プ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ブ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ト&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ド&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ク゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ん&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;っ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;フ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;シ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ジ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ホ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ン&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゝ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゞ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ウ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ル&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;イ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -7 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect-7 divides words into 3 categories depending on how they can be perceived by the senses: proximal sensation, distal sensation, and general sensation. Deeplect -7-speakers recognize 6 senses in terms of these divisions: sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, and memory. The emotional sense refers to an individual being made to feel an emotion. The memorial sense refers to an individual forming a memory or recalling past memories.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Proximal sensation includes things whose perception is limited to a close range:&lt;br /&gt;
** any object by its texture&lt;br /&gt;
** whispering by sound&lt;br /&gt;
** blood by flavor&lt;br /&gt;
** paper by scent&lt;br /&gt;
** small insects by sight&lt;br /&gt;
** a dream by memory&lt;br /&gt;
* Distal sensation includes things whose perception is &#039;&#039;&#039;not&#039;&#039;&#039; limited to a close range:&lt;br /&gt;
** weather by its temperature&lt;br /&gt;
** shouting by sound&lt;br /&gt;
** chocolate by expectation-induced flavor&lt;br /&gt;
** a fart by scent&lt;br /&gt;
** a building by sight&lt;br /&gt;
** a bear at a zoo by memory&lt;br /&gt;
* General sensation always includes the conceptualization of an object, and senses that are more strongly associated with the concept of it than the sensation of it. Some objects have no associated sensations with them such as&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Often, what translates to a single word in English is split into two or three words depending on how they are experienced in a sentence.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Vocabulary List&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Deeplect -7&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |English&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Word&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Translation&lt;br /&gt;
!Context&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|general: &#039;&#039;visual, conceptual&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[sâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|distal: &#039;&#039;auditory, memorial&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[θâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|proximal: &#039;&#039;tactile, olfactory, gustatory&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -6 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Every word is 6 morae long.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -5 ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -5 has a small consonant inventory with about half of its consonants being clicks. This small size is made up for in extreme allophony.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Dental&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Pulmonic&lt;br /&gt;
!Stop&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|hʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Click&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
X language has two levels of stress: primary and secondary. Primary stress is marked with vowel length and can have a high, low, falling, or rising tone. Secondary stress is marked with either a high or low tone. Primary stress is word-initial, but secondary stress is lexical.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|ẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
(C)(G)V(C); C = consonant; G = /t ʔ w j/; Q = click; V = vowel&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# pʔ tʔ &amp;gt; pʼ tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
# p t c ʔ s &amp;gt; b d ɟ ʔ̞ z / _{i,e} !{#,C̥}_&lt;br /&gt;
# d ǃ &amp;gt; ɟ ǂ / _i&lt;br /&gt;
# w l j &amp;gt; m n ɲ / {Ṽ_,_Ṽ}&lt;br /&gt;
# n t &amp;gt; ŋ k / _{u,ũ}&lt;br /&gt;
# l &amp;gt; ɾ / _{u,o,a}&lt;br /&gt;
# V &amp;gt; Ṽ / ᵑQ_&lt;br /&gt;
# ᵑǀw ᵑǃj &amp;gt; ᵑʘ ᵑǂ&lt;br /&gt;
# hʲ / Ø !_{i,ĩ,e,ẽ}&lt;br /&gt;
# QC / Ø !QC=!w&lt;br /&gt;
# CCC VVV ṼV VṼ CQ jʔ hʲʔ / Ø&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Romanization ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Vowel&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/p/&lt;br /&gt;
![p]&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
![b]&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/i/&lt;br /&gt;
![i]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
![ĩ]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/t/&lt;br /&gt;
![t]&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
![d]&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
![ɟ]&lt;br /&gt;
|dj&lt;br /&gt;
![k]&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
!/ĩ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ĩ]&lt;br /&gt;
|in&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ʔ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
![ʔ̞]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/u/&lt;br /&gt;
![u]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
![ũ]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/s/&lt;br /&gt;
![s]&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
![z]&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/ũ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ũ]&lt;br /&gt;
|un&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/hʲ/&lt;br /&gt;
![hʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/e/&lt;br /&gt;
![e]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
![ẽ]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/w/&lt;br /&gt;
![w]&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
![m]&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/ẽ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ẽ]&lt;br /&gt;
|en&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/l/&lt;br /&gt;
![l]&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
![ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
![n]&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
!/o/&lt;br /&gt;
![o]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
![õ]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/j/&lt;br /&gt;
![j]&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|nj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/a/&lt;br /&gt;
![a]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
![ã]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|cn&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǃ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǃ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qn&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǂ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qny&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/H/&lt;br /&gt;
![H]&lt;br /&gt;
|¯&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǀʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǀʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ch&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/L/&lt;br /&gt;
![L]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǃʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǃʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qh&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qh&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/HL/&lt;br /&gt;
![HL]&lt;br /&gt;
|ˋ&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǀˀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǀˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|c&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/LH&lt;br /&gt;
![LH]&lt;br /&gt;
|´&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǃˀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǃˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|q&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǂˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|q&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǀw/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑʘ]&lt;br /&gt;
|cm&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǃj/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǂ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qny&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -4.5 ==&lt;br /&gt;
This is a naturalistic dialect of Deeplect -4, used for situations where Deeplect -4 would be required to be naturalistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
All consonants can be lengthened except for /r̥ ɽ͡r ˀɽ/. All velars become palatal or palatalized after front vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tʼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʈ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɖ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|g&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡x&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡xʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ð&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɽ͡r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀʟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels and Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels have one of four tones: high, low, falling, and rising. Falling and rising tones are closer to the middle range than high or low. High tone is accompanied by preaspiration. On a word-initial vowel, the preaspiration is breathy. The preaspiration is converted into voiceless aspiration on any preceding voiceless consonant, and breathy voice on any preceding voiced consonant. Low tone is accompanied by creaky voice on the vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels are separated into 2 classes based on their phonotactic behavior and evolutionary history. Class 1 vowels have no phonotactic restrictions other than that they cannot form diphthongs with each other. These vowels originated from the proto-language&#039;s 3-vowel system /e a o/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Class 2 vowels must be preceded or followed by a consonant, or both, and cannot be adjacent to a Class 1 vowel. Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs with each other. These diphthongs use the same tone system as other vowels. Diphthongs with consonants involve sliding articulation. Class 2 diphthongs cannot be adjacent to each other and adhere to the same restrictions as Class 2 monophthongs. They are excluded from the charts because all Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs (or long vowels) with another and it is not specially notated in romanization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are three romanizations systems for Deeplect -4 which differ in vowel and tone notation. The Vohnegien&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Name created by [[Janus]].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; notation prioritized representing historical pronunciation such as syllabic consonants and their descendants being written with an vowel-initial diagraph upon which tones would be marked with diacritics. Vohnegien notation is seen as more outdated by some, but still used by a few scattered Deeplect -4-speaking regions and by linguists.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vohnegien Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨V⟩ here is used to represent a vowel, not the letter V.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̄&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̀&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V́&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Gritchend&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; approached notation from a modern pronunciation in which diacritics are used on consonants to show syllabicity and on vowels to show vowel quality. Gritchend elected to romanize tones with unused consonant letters. Gritchend notation is broadly considered the modern notation of the language and is used in most formal and informal contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Gritchend Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ń&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ḿ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the interest of avoiding the use of diacritics altogether, Vondenberg&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; combined the vowel notation of Vohnegien and tone notation of Gritchend. This more modern romanization is most often used in informal text messages and typing with decorative fonts, which often have poor diacritic support.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vondenberg Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -4 ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
All consonants can be lengthened except for /r̥ ɽ͡r ˀɽ/.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tʼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʈ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|cʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɖ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c͡ç&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c͡çʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ç&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ð&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɽ͡r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʎ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀʎ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels and Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels have one of four tones: high, low, falling, and rising. Falling and rising tones are closer to the middle range than high or low. High tone is accompanied by preaspiration. On a word-initial vowel, the preaspiration is breathy. The preaspiration is converted into voiceless aspiration on any preceding voiceless consonant, and breathy voice on any preceding voiced consonant. Low tone is accompanied by creaky voice on the vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels are separated into 2 classes based on their phonotactic behavior and evolutionary history. Class 1 vowels have no phonotactic restrictions other than that they cannot form diphthongs with each other. These vowels originated from the proto-language&#039;s 3-vowel system /e a o/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Class 2 vowels must be preceded or followed by a consonant, or both, and cannot be adjacent to a Class 1 vowel. Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs with each other. These diphthongs use the same tone system as other vowels. Diphthongs with consonants involve sliding articulation. Class 2 diphthongs cannot be adjacent to each other and adhere to the same restrictions as Class 2 monophthongs. They are excluded from the charts because all Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs (or long vowels) with another and it is not specially notated in romanization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are three romanizations systems for Deeplect -4 which differ in vowel and tone notation. The Vohnegien&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; notation prioritized representing historical pronunciation such as syllabic consonants and their descendants being written with an vowel-initial diagraph upon which tones would be marked with diacritics. Vohnegien notation is seen as more outdated by some, but still used by a few scattered Deeplect -4-speaking regions and by linguists.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vohnegien Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨V⟩ here is used to represent a vowel, not the letter V.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̄&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̀&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V́&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Gritchend&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; approached notation from a modern pronunciation in which diacritics are used on consonants to show syllabicity and on vowels to show vowel quality. Gritchend elected to romanize tones with unused consonant letters. Gritchend notation is broadly considered the modern notation of the language and is used in most formal and informal contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Gritchend Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ń&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ḿ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the interest of avoiding the use of diacritics altogether, Vondenberg&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:022&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; combined the vowel notation of Vohnegien and tone notation of Gritchend. This more modern romanization is most often used in informal text messages and typing with decorative fonts, which often have poor diacritic support.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vondenberg Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -3 ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-Click Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar/Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Laryngeal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Stop&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|p &#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡θ &#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t &#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s &#039;&#039;&#039;ts&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡ &#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d &#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡z &#039;&#039;&#039;dz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡ʒ &#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|g &#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s’ &#039;&#039;&#039;ts’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;q’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|ɓ &#039;&#039;&#039;b’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ &#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ &#039;&#039;&#039;gh’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ &#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s &#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ &#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ &#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ &#039;&#039;&#039;ž&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;š’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n &#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|β̞ &#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|lː &#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|r &#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|r̝ &#039;&#039;&#039;rz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Allophony ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* /t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ʃʼ ʄ k ɡ kʼ ɠ/ become [k͡x g͡ɣ k͡xʼ ɠ q ɢ qʼ ʛ] before low or back vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Click Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;mwh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘχ &#039;&#039;&#039;mwx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nzh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nzx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nkh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nllh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nllx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;njh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂχ &#039;&#039;&#039;njx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;mw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;wm&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;zn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;nk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;kn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;nll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;lln&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;jn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ploded&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;mw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘq &#039;&#039;&#039;mwq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀq &#039;&#039;&#039;nzq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃq &#039;&#039;&#039;nkq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁq &#039;&#039;&#039;nllq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂq &#039;&#039;&#039;njq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;wch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qʘχ &#039;&#039;&#039;wx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;zch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǀχ &#039;&#039;&#039;zx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;kch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǃχ &#039;&#039;&#039;kx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;llch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǁχ &#039;&#039;&#039;llx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;jch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǂχ &#039;&#039;&#039;jx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘx &#039;&#039;&#039;gwx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀx &#039;&#039;&#039;gzx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃx &#039;&#039;&#039;gkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁx &#039;&#039;&#039;gllx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂx &#039;&#039;&#039;gjx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;wh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;zh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;llh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gwh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gzh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gkh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gllh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gjh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘq &#039;&#039;&#039;wq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;cz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀq &#039;&#039;&#039;zq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;ck&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃq &#039;&#039;&#039;kq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;cll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁq &#039;&#039;&#039;llq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂq &#039;&#039;&#039;jq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;wg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;zg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;gk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;kg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;gll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;llg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;jg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;w’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;z’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;ll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;j’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gkʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gck’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;wc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;wq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;zc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;zq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;kc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;kq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;llc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;llq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
An apostrophe is placed between grapheme clusters that may be confused with whole graphemes, e.g. ⟨amwha⟩ is /a.ŋʘʰa/ and ⟨am’wha⟩ is /am.kʘʰa/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
The vowel qualities are /i u e o a ã/ ⟨i u e o a ã⟩, with the long vowels /iː uː ɛː ɔː ɑː ãː/ ⟨ī ū ē ō ā ãa⟩ and overlong vowels /iːː uːː eːːː oːːː aːːː ãːːː/ ⟨ii uu ee oo aa ãā⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The possible diphthongs are /ei eo oe oi ou oa ue ua ai ae au ao oã uã ãi ãe ãu ão/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phonations include modal, breathy ⟨◌h⟩, creaky ⟨◌’⟩, (all three of which can be pharyngealized ⟨◌·⟩), and strident ⟨◌ħ⟩. A long vowels and diphthongs can contain more than one phonation, but short and overlong vowels cannot.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels can be -ATR or +ATR ⟨◌y⟩, corresponding to tongue root harmony. This harmony can change voiceless plain stops to breathy stops (except /p/ which becomes [b]). It is a progressive harmony that begins from the start of a root word and is blocked by ejective and uvular consonants. +ATR is only romanized on the first vowel of a root word.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Allophony ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Vowels are nasalized whenever adjacent to nasal phonemes. /ã/ merges with /a/, so ⟨ã⟩ is not used adjacent to nasal phonemes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -2 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labiodental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɱ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɴ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Tense&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̪̊}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̪̊ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’tw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̥ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɟ̊}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɟ̊ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɢ̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɢ̥ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʡ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lax&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’dhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ghw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ð}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ðʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ðw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|zʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʝ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʝʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;yw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʁ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʁʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;xw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʜ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Vibrant&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ⱱ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|r}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|rʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|l̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|l}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʎ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʟ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Non-Front&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|í}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;í&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ì}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɨ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ú&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɨ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|é}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;é&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|è}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɘ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ó&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɘ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɐ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;á&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɐ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -1 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Grammar&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Gloss&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Description&lt;br /&gt;
!Examples&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!CAUS.GNO&lt;br /&gt;
|jɾa-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;production, resultation, consequence (gnomic and nouns)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kesˈteltɔ jɾaˈmiawa (earth brings life)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!CAUS&lt;br /&gt;
|ko-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;caused (tense, verbs only)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kes&#039;teltɔ koˈmiawe̤ (earth is causing life to exist)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOA&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -e̤&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of agent, MOA). MOA verbs receive an adverb? auxiliary verb? after, showing the precise action taking place if it isn&#039;t clear from the primary verb (it would be clear if the prim. verb was &amp;quot;to go to&amp;quot; but not if it&#039;s &amp;quot;to water&amp;quot;). unclear primary verbs used without secondary verbs are said to simply &amp;quot;be occuring&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;be existing&amp;quot;.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːje̤ (approaching water)&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtelte̤ (kicking the ground)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOS&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -ʕu&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of secondary thing, MOS). MOS places the object after the verb. objects and &amp;quot;secondary verbs&amp;quot; (referenced above) do not differ in marking&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːjʕu (splashing water on someone/watering something)&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈteltʕu (kicking dirt at something/someone)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOP&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -a(ʕim)&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of patient, MOP). MOP places its object before the verb. -ʕim is only added for formality, emphasis, or syntactic disambiguation.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːja(ʕim) ~ spraying water around&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtela(ʕim) ~ kicking up dirt&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
whether a verb is conjugated to MOA/MOS/MOP is determined by which action the speaker wants to focus on the most, even though usually 2 or 3 of them will be actually occuring&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
topic pronouns (marked for person, number, and obviation) are clitics that attach to a particle with some of their grammatical information (cases).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV1 ~ ũ=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV2 ~ nã=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV3 ~ ˈdeu=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV1 ~ in=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV2 ~ ja̤=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV3 ~ tḛːŋ=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV1 ~ ki=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV2 ~ ɾḛj=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV3 ~ aːn=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.PL.INCL ~ eˈdo=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.PL.EXCL ~ kʼe=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.PL.INCL ~ ˈkimi=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.PL.EXCL ~ ˈhuku=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV1 ~ sto=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV2 ~ ˈmihi=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV3 ~ aˈdoː=&lt;br /&gt;
# REFL ~ pi&lt;br /&gt;
#* used in stuff like drinking(MOS), eating(MOS), etc.&lt;br /&gt;
# nominative ~ i&lt;br /&gt;
# vocative ~ -ʃa̤,ja̤/i&#039;ja̤&lt;br /&gt;
# benefactive ~ -(ɾ)e/ri&lt;br /&gt;
# malefactive ~ -ḛːse/ḛːse&lt;br /&gt;
# dative ~ -ãw/ŋaw&lt;br /&gt;
# commitative ~ -(k,ɡ,ʼ)iː/kiː&lt;br /&gt;
# instrumental ~ -(s,z)ãʰː/zãʰː&lt;br /&gt;
# other case particles can be derived using class-less variants of words, which can get prefixed to a non-topic noun&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* sometimes the particle may be used alone instead of the pronoun clitic.&lt;br /&gt;
* the pronoun clitic can be attached to a word to show stronger volition toward that aspect of the action described in the sentence (i.e. TOP=[verb] for showing stronger intent for the action than the object, or TOP=[object] for the opposite). stronger volition toward one aspect often implies weaker volition or intent toward the rest (TOP=[verb] may imply accidentally affecting the object, and TOP=[object] may imply accidentally performing the action, but meaning to do something to the object).&lt;br /&gt;
* both or either of the pronoun clitic and particle may be omitted. omission only occurs in the event of redundance.&lt;br /&gt;
* there is a subject case particle.&lt;br /&gt;
* other NPs are listed in the beginning of the sentence in order of decreasing relevance. their cases (and conjunctions) are expressed in affixes, not a particle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* every part of speech has its own set of classes (they do not correspond to each other).&lt;br /&gt;
* modifiers are added by affixing the modifiee&#039;s class suffix and changing the modifiee&#039;s suffix to -aː (this assumes all classes affixes will be suffixes but maybe i wont do that)&lt;br /&gt;
*# kesˈteltɔ &#039;&#039;modified by&#039;&#039; beˈʔaɾa (cooled lava ground) &amp;gt; kesˈtelt&#039;&#039;&#039;-ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; beˈʔa-ɾa &amp;gt; kesˈtelt-aː beˈʔa-ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039;-ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;gt; kesˈteltaː beˈʔaɔ&lt;br /&gt;
* noun classes (suffixes and prefixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -a, -ɔ ~ fluid, changing (animals, thoughts, breath, wind, clothing, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ɾa ~ dangerous (lava, fire, poisonous food, weapon used, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# zũː- ~ machinery (car, computer, lock, some weapons merely existing)&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ- ~ valuable natural item (diamond, gold, ivory)&lt;br /&gt;
# tʰe- ~ material for use (wood, paper, ink, glue, metal, cloth)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ʔiː ~ natural (plants, sun, moon, dirt, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# -nõ ~ human, human-related concept, or thing altered by humanity (person, domesticated animals, weapon created, gods from secular perspective)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* verb classes (suffixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -e ~&lt;br /&gt;
# -l ~&lt;br /&gt;
# -a ~&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* adjective/adverb classes (prefixes):&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;unmarked&#039;&#039; ~ quality&lt;br /&gt;
* xe- ~ identity&lt;br /&gt;
* o- ~ relation&lt;br /&gt;
* adposition classes (suffixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* when creating a phrase or description, go with more actually-occurs options before hypothetical or culturally-specific ones (i.e. kesˈteltaː beˈʔaɾɔ is a ground of cooled lava, not the ground being molten lava as is pretended in the game &amp;quot;the floor is lava&amp;quot;, since the former is more likely to be used in a real situation than the latter)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtelt&#039;&#039;&#039;ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈbiːj&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kṵː&#039;&#039;&#039;ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ fire&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈmiaw&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ life&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;zũː&#039;&#039;&#039;kũː ~ metal, mechanical&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;kʰ&#039;&#039;&#039;uːihu ~ gold&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
beˈʔa&#039;&#039;&#039;ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ lava&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;ːsʼaː ~ wood&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
liˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ plant&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
oˈŋãi&#039;&#039;&#039;nõ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ human&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
eˈumĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ love&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
çiː&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ emotion(s)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
xkiˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ think, mind&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;nũː ~ paper&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;ˈʔjul ~ ink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;zũː&#039;&#039;&#039;mãi ~ pen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
he ~ move to&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
iːl ~ move at/in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ɬaː ~ express, release, secrete&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈtʰeŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ visible attribute&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kɔʔj&#039;&#039;&#039;ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ color, shadow, brightness, angle&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
tḛjjɔ ~ red, hot pink, orange, brown, violet&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
vɾiː ~ yellow, orange, lime, beige, white, pink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ħaːn ~ green, lime, evergreen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈijaɲ ~ cyan, mint&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈṳba ~ blue, indigo, purple, black&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
naːˈħal ~ dark yellow, muddy green&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ħũːe ~ correct, factual, verified, verifiable&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects&amp;diff=39603</id>
		<title>Trace Deeplects</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects&amp;diff=39603"/>
		<updated>2026-05-06T18:00:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: /* Deeplect -E */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Trace Deeplects&#039;&#039;&#039; are incomplete portions of languages that have been detected in experiments attempting to verif’ the [[Deep Dimensional]] theory. While the strongest evidence for Deep Dimensional is the languages that have inexplicably appeared, [[MARA]] experiments have found trace amounts of languages in their investigations, giving it more credibility. However, measurement error is not ruled out. This article will contain all the information on every Trace Deeplect. Trace Deeplects are listed in order of their negative discovery.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -F ==&lt;br /&gt;
Pink: coda only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Green: onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Purple: word-medial onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uncolored: any position&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ-̊&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|m &lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| -t-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| -dʑʱ-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|sʰ-&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕʰ-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ-̊&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|m &lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| -t-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| -dʑʱ-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|sʰ-&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕʰ-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -E ==&lt;br /&gt;
Pink: coda only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Green: onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Purple: word-medial onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uncolored: any position&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Pharyngeal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|mʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;mj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʰʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;tj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ku&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |t &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;dj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;gu&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ʔ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;fj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |s &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ɕ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;sjj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |x &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|xʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;xj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |h &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |sː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ss&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |ɕ̟ː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ssj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |ɾ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;wj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|w &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;wu&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
kʷʰ kʷ w &amp;gt; pʰ p b / _($)(C)o&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
|i &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|iː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ī&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|eː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ē&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|oː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ō&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|aː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ā&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Noun Class ===&lt;br /&gt;
The following are classes for nouns.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -o: blooming flower (associated with life, vulnerability, singular success, youth, love (all kinds), the self, spirit, soul, novelty, beginnings)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ui: withering flower (associated with death, ends, cumulative success, maturity, wisdom, knowledge)&lt;br /&gt;
# -enj: day (associated with colors, grandeur, vastness, the sea, water, light)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ī: night (associated with darkness, sleep, dreams, black vs. white, simplicity, revelation)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The following are classes for verbs, adjectives, adverbs and particles that agree with nouns. Adverbs agree with the topic noun. Verbs agree with the patient noun when it is animate. Verbs agree with the agent noun if the patient noun is inanimate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -i, -e, -yV: cute&lt;br /&gt;
# -a, -ā, -akj: beautiful&lt;br /&gt;
# -n: alien&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Particles for verbs are marked for familiar (cute and beautiful are merged), and alien classes but unpredictably. These agree with the verb.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -D ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Prepalatal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Prevelar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Postvelar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Emphatic&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Emphatic&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|mˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n &#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|nˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ̟ &#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṗh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʰʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;cv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;kv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lax&lt;br /&gt;
|p &#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|pˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṗ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t &#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ &#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡ &#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;qw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tense&lt;br /&gt;
|b &#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|bˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḍ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʷʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Continuant&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s &#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ &#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;šw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ç &#039;&#039;&#039;hy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|xʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ &#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;xw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|h &#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|hʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;hw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l &#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|w &#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ &#039;&#039;&#039;ġ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ġw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r &#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʀ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṛ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Syllabic Consonants ====&lt;br /&gt;
Syllabic consonants are romanized as double letters only when adjacent to two vowels or a nonsyllabic variant of each other.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Prepalatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Postvelar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;m, mm&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;n, nn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋ, ŋŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;s, ss&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;š, šš&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|x̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫ, ḫḫ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ̍ &#039;&#039;&#039;x, xx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħ, ħħ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;l, ll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;r, rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Central&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e &#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ &#039;&#039;&#039;oy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o &#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Near-Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɐ &#039;&#039;&#039;ay&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a &#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pitch-Accent ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -D uses seven pitch accents: high (ā [ꜛaꜜ]), mid (a [a]), low (ȧ [ꜜaꜛ]), falling (à [ꜛâꜜ]), rising (á [ǎꜛ]), high-falling (â [âꜜ]), and dipping (ǎ [â]), which can be placed on any mora except for the final one. All vowels and all syllabic consonants can receive a pitch accent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;High&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent gives only one mora a high tone while the rest have low tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Mid&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent makes a word retain low tone throughout (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Low&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent gives one more a low tone while the rest have high tone (H-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-H)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Falling&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes the tone of one mora from high to low while the rest of the morae have a low tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HL&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Rising&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes one mora&#039;s tone from low to high while the preceding morae have a low tone and the following morae have a high tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;LH&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-H)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;High-falling&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes one mora&#039;s tone from high to mid while the preceding morae have a high tone and the following morae have a low tone (H-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HM&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Dipping&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes the tone of one mora from high to low while the rest of the morae have a mid tone (M-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HL&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-M)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
(C)V&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Three of the same phoneme cannot occur in a row; syllabic consonants count as consonants in this rule.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
E: /e/, [i ɪ e̞ ɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Y: /ɲ̟ c̟ʰ c̟ʰʷ c̟ c̟ʷ c̟ʼ c̟ʷʼ ɕ ɕʷ ç j/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# /C₁C̩₁ C̩₁C₁/ = [C₁ːː C₁ːː]&lt;br /&gt;
# /C̩V VC̩/ = [CːV VCː]&lt;br /&gt;
# /e ɵ o/ = [e̞ ɵ̞ o̞]&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ o̞ ɵ̞ → ɛ ɞ ɔ / {_#,#_%,V_%}&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → ɪ ɵ ʊ ɘ ɜ / _Cː&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → i ʉ u ɨ ə / _Cːː&lt;br /&gt;
# ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → ø̞ ɵ̞ æ̝ æ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ɞ ɔ → œ ɞ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ʊ ɵ ɘ ɜ → ʉ̞ ø e ɛ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# u ʉ ɨ ə → ʉ y ɪ e̞ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ(ʷ) → ɴ(ʷ) / _{a,ɐ,ɔ,o,ʊ}&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ(ʷ) → ɴ(ʷ) / {a,ɐ,ɔ,o,ʊ}_%&lt;br /&gt;
# C̩[-labial] → C̩[-labial]ʷ / C[+labial]_&lt;br /&gt;
# F̩[-voice] → F̩[+voice] / C[+voice]_&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Word Formation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -D&#039;s word formation is unusual. The etymology of words comes from an abstract dimension where tracing the language consistently to its proto-form becomes impossible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -C ṡżṠŻǎǔǐěǒẽĩũẙů ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonemic Inventory ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Onsets ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Coronal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Peripheral&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|nː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|mː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|tʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|kˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|tː&lt;br /&gt;
|tʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|kː&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|kˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|sʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|sː&lt;br /&gt;
|sʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|lʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|lʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|lˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Nuclei ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Coronal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Occlusive&lt;br /&gt;
!Spread glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|ḿ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|ń̩&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̩́&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Constricted glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|m̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|ǹ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Continuant&lt;br /&gt;
!Spread glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŕ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ó&lt;br /&gt;
|é&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Constricted glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ò&lt;br /&gt;
|è&lt;br /&gt;
|à&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# (C)V&lt;br /&gt;
# Geminates can only occur word-medially&lt;br /&gt;
# Syllabic obstruents cannot immediately precede a syllabic resonant.&lt;br /&gt;
# /n̩/ and /ŋ̩/ cannot be word-intial.&lt;br /&gt;
# Syllabic nasals can only be adjacent to vowels or other syllabic nasals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Secondary articulations in onsets are typically contained within the time of articulation of the main articulation. There may be an onglide, but never an offglide.&lt;br /&gt;
# Secondary articulations in nuclei very often result in an offglide, which is fricated in the case of aspirated consonants.&lt;br /&gt;
# Tenuis syllabic obstruents are geminated.&lt;br /&gt;
# /t͡sʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) s̩ʷ(ː) sʲ(ː) s̩ʲ(ː)/ are realized as [t͜s͡ɸ(ː) s͡ɸ(ː) s̩͡ɸ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɕ̩(ː)]&lt;br /&gt;
# /e o/ become [ɛ ɔ] following a pharyngealized consonant.&lt;br /&gt;
# /a/ becomes [e] after /e/, except when /e/ is [ɛ], then /a/ becomes [ɛ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /a/ becomes [o] after /o/, except when /o/ is [ɔ], then /a/ becomes [ɔ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /e/ becomes [i] after /e/.&lt;br /&gt;
# /o/ becomes [u] after /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /t(ː) t͡s(ː) s(ː) l n h/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ ɲ ç] and /e/ becomes [i].&lt;br /&gt;
#* /tʲ(ː) t͡sʲ(ː) sʲ(ː) lʲ/ merge with /t(ː) t͡s(ː) s(ː) l/ before /e/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tʷ(ː) t͡sʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) lʷ/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ] and /e/ becomes [y].&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tˤ(ː) t͡sˤ(ː) sˤ(ː) lˤ/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ] and /e/ becomes [ɛ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /t(ː) s(ː) l n h/ become [p(ː) s͡ɸ(ː) ⱱ̟ m ʍ] before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
#* /tʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) lʷ/ merge with /t(ː) s(ː) l/ before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
#* /n/ merges with [m] before /o/, but /nː/ remains [nː].&lt;br /&gt;
# /tʲ(ː) lʲ/ become [pʲ(ː) ⱱ̟ʲ] before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tˤ(ː) lˤ/ precede /o/, they become [pˤ(ː) ⱱ̟ˤ] and /o/ becomes [ɔ].&lt;br /&gt;
# Word-initial /m̩/ assimilates to the place of articulation of the last phone of the previous word. If it cannot do so, it assimilates to the place of articulation of the following phone. If it cannot do so either, it remains [m̩].&lt;br /&gt;
# Word-initial /m̩/ experiences sandhi from the tone of the previous word&#039;s final syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
# /r̩/ becomes [l̩] when next to a vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
# Low tones become falling tones when preceded by only one phonemic high tone.&lt;br /&gt;
# High tones become rising tones when preceded by only one phonemic low tone.&lt;br /&gt;
# Low tones merge with high tones when preceded by a rising tone&lt;br /&gt;
# High tones merge with low tones when preceded by a falling tone&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Romanization ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Onsets&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Nuclei&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![m]&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
![mː]&lt;br /&gt;
|mm&lt;br /&gt;
![í]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
![ì]&lt;br /&gt;
|ī&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![n]&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
![nː]&lt;br /&gt;
|nn&lt;br /&gt;
![ý]&lt;br /&gt;
|ü&lt;br /&gt;
![ỳ]&lt;br /&gt;
|û&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|nj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
![é]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
![è]&lt;br /&gt;
|ē&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
![ɛ́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ë&lt;br /&gt;
![ɛ̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|ê&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![p]&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
![pː]&lt;br /&gt;
|pp&lt;br /&gt;
![á]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
![à]&lt;br /&gt;
|ā&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![pʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|pj&lt;br /&gt;
![pʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ppj&lt;br /&gt;
![ú]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
![ù]&lt;br /&gt;
|ū&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![pˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|pg&lt;br /&gt;
![pˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ppg&lt;br /&gt;
![ó]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
![ò]&lt;br /&gt;
|ō&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t]&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
![tː]&lt;br /&gt;
|tt&lt;br /&gt;
![ɔ́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ö&lt;br /&gt;
![ɔ̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|ô&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tv&lt;br /&gt;
![tʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttv&lt;br /&gt;
![ḿ̩, ḿ̩ʲ, ḿ̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ym&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;⟨y⟩ may optionally be omitted if the syllabic consonant follows a vowel but does not precede one.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![m̩̀, m̩̀ʲ, m̩̀ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tj&lt;br /&gt;
![tʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttj&lt;br /&gt;
![ń̩, ń̩ʷ, ń̩ʲ, ń̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yn&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ǹ̩, ǹ̩ʷ, ǹ̩ʲ, ǹ̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’n&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tg&lt;br /&gt;
![tˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttg&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ̩́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ynj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’nj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![c]&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
![cː]&lt;br /&gt;
|cc&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ̩́, ŋ̩́ʷ, ŋ̩́ʲ, ŋ̩́ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yng&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ̩̀, ŋ̩̀ʷ, ŋ̩̀ʲ, ŋ̩̀ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’ng&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![k]&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
![kː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kk&lt;br /&gt;
![ŕ̩]&lt;br /&gt;
|yr&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![r̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kv&lt;br /&gt;
![kʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkv&lt;br /&gt;
![ĺ̩]&lt;br /&gt;
|yl&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![l̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kj&lt;br /&gt;
![kʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkj&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʷʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ytv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’tv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kg&lt;br /&gt;
![kˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkg&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʲʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ytj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’tj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡s]&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zz&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yt&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’t&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͜s͡ɸ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zv&lt;br /&gt;
![t͜s͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzv&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʷʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ykv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’kv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zj&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzj&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʲʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ykj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’kj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zg&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzg&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yk&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![c͡ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|x&lt;br /&gt;
![c͡ɕː]&lt;br /&gt;
|xx&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩͡ɸʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ysv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’sv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![s]&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
![sː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ss&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ys&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’s&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![s͡ɸ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sv&lt;br /&gt;
![s͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssv&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ̩ʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ysj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ̩ː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’sj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![sˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sg&lt;br /&gt;
![sˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sj&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ç]&lt;br /&gt;
|hj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ʍ]&lt;br /&gt;
|hv&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![h]&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟]&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟ʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|bj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|bg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![l]&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lv&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vocabulary ===&lt;br /&gt;
mākvylo (car) {{Ipa|/màkʷŕ̩ó/ [ma˩kʷl̩˩˥o˥]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
haerī (bicycle) {{Ipa|/háélì/ [ha˥e˥ɾi˥˩]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
boccü (dog) {{Ipa|/lótʷːé/ [ⱱ̟o˥cːy˥]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
mō’kv (person) {{Ipa|/mòk̩ʷː/ [mo˩k̩ːʷ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
akām (dot) {{Ipa|/ákàm̩̀/ [a˥ka˥˩m̩˩]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -B ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |PULMONIC&lt;br /&gt;
CONSONANTS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Pharyngeal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|m~w̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n~ɾ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ~j̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ~ɰ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀm&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|b͡pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;bp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ d͡tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;th dt&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲʰ d͡tʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ch dc&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|qʰ ɡ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kh gk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ d͡tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t’ dt’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲʼ d͡tʲʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’ dc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ ɢ͡qʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’ gk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!implosive&lt;br /&gt;
|ɓ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;b’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|b͡β&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;bv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cs&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ͡ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;yy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡x ɡ͡ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kx gx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡t͜sʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ds&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡t͜ɕʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dcs&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡k͜xʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ɕʼ d͡t͜ɕʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cs’ dcs’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡xʼ ɡ͡k͜xʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kx’ gx’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|β&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɮ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ ɮʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s zy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|x~χ ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|w~b&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|l~d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ~ɡ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʜ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
p ś ł ṭ ṣ j&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |CLICKS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Prealveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nśh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nłh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;njh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mp’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; |Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!delayed release&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;pk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|‼͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼋͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;pk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|‼͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼋͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gśh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;głh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gjh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gp’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!VOWELS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|i̝&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ii&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|u̝&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|i~ɪ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|u~ʊ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ə ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ẹ  oy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɞ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ọy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ọ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ạ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Words can either be monosyllabic and contain contour or level tones, or be polysyllabic and only contain level tones.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!TONES&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
|H&lt;br /&gt;
|HM&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|M&lt;br /&gt;
|ML&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|LM&lt;br /&gt;
|L&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -A ==&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -A is intended to create a manner of communication that involves very little complexity, whether that be phonological, grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic, and therefore easy and intuitive to learn from any linguistic background. Words do not take on parts of speech (noun, verb, etc.) or grammatical roles (subject, object, etc.) typical of natural languages. The syntactic structure is based purely on the relationships of emphasized words, unemphasized words, and pauses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Vocabulary&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* small: ki&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe small size, quantity, height, social position, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* big: on&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe large size, quantity, height, social position, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* move: ne&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe living things, fluids, motion, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* stay: at&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe unmoving things, solids, the ground, some locations, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* subject: e (subject of discussion, not gramamtical subject)&lt;br /&gt;
* not: su&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Syntax&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; = unemphasized word; &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; = emphasized word&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* uE: &#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; performs as a topic, &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; performs as a comment modifying the topic.&lt;br /&gt;
* Eu: &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; performs as a novel topic, &#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; performs as a comment modifying the novel topic.&lt;br /&gt;
* u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks plurality&lt;br /&gt;
* E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks emphasis&lt;br /&gt;
* u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;/E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks addition or comparison depending on context&lt;br /&gt;
* Lack of pauses indicate a continuous idea.&lt;br /&gt;
* Brief pauses (marked with commas) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the previous one.&lt;br /&gt;
* Medial pauses (marked with periods ) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the multiple previous ideas. Which previous ideas they are is left up to context.&lt;br /&gt;
* Long pauses (marked with elipses) indicate the beginning of an idea unrelates to the previous ones.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Expressions&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Ownership is expressed with &amp;quot;e ON e KI&amp;quot;, translating to &amp;quot;This is big and/but that is small.&amp;quot; This can also be used to compare sizes or quantities of &amp;quot;this&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;that&amp;quot;, depending on context.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big and small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e on e ki&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This, a big thing, that, and a small thing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON E KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big, the other thing, and small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON, e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big, meanwhile that is small.&amp;quot; This is more often used for comparison of the sizes between &amp;quot;this&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;that&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON. e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;...and this is big. Additionally, that is small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;E on, e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;As for this, this is big, and/but that is small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;E on e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;As for this, this is big and the other thing. There is also a small thing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -9 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonant ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Laryngeal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m̥&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑʇ&lt;br /&gt;
|n̥&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;mh/ṁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nh/ṅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ny/ņ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ňh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|bʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏʇʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|dʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʰʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;bh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǰh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ķh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|tɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|cʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;č&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǰ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ķ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Rhinoglottic&lt;br /&gt;
|pʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵐb&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏʇˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ⁿd&lt;br /&gt;
|tɕʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᶮɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᶮɟʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑg&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑgʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|kᶣʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑgᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;pp&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nb&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;tt&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nd&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;cc&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;jj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǰ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kk&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ḱḱ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǵ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩǩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ&lt;br /&gt;
|β&lt;br /&gt;
|θ~s̪&lt;br /&gt;
|ð~z̪&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|ç&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|çʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ç&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ś&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ź&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ž&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǵ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l̥&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ̞&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;lh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tap&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥ᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;rh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;řh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ř&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŗh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŗ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Unround&lt;br /&gt;
!Round&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|ỹ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɨ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɨ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʊ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;õ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|ẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|ø̃&lt;br /&gt;
|ɘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ẽ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ë&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|ɛ~æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɔ~ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Grammar ===&lt;br /&gt;
Nouns usually have either feminine or masculine gender. Nouns and proper nouns referring to people can have feminine, masculine, or femasculine. Proper nouns not referring to people are always femasculine. There is some precedent for nouns or proper nouns with the opposite gender that they&#039;re supposed to have being used for alternative versions of the original word. This is primarily used in fiction and physics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -9 has a complex way of marking gender, topic, number, transitivity, specificity, and adjectives that makes them interconnected.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc //-bʰi//, //-te//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem //-ⁿd//, //-l//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc //-bʰiⁿd//, //-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Noun Declensions (&#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Topic within noun phrase&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Topic not within noun phrase&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Subject&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Object&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Subject&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Object&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Noun Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjective Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Noun Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjective Topic&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Generic&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |V &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Singular&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadte&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachte&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaach&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaach&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhal&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhol&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhon&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhon&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadtel&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachontel&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachon&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaachon&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadte&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhite&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhal&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhandal&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadtel&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhindel&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Plural&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Distributive&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Verbs&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Intransitive&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjectives&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the following charts, small asterisked words are atypical declensions.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nouns&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Singular&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Singular&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Singular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//Ø//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ⁿd//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-bʰi//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-bʰiⁿd//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-l//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-te//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-on//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-js//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-json//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!friend&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽnd&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽl&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽte&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽtel&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽon&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽys&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!watermelon&lt;br /&gt;
|vilh&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilnd&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*vill&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhte&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhon&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhx&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!sun&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁ&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńamnd&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaml&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁte&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁon&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁx&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!moon&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗnd&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗl&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhte&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhon&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhx&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!day&lt;br /&gt;
|ma&lt;br /&gt;
|mand&lt;br /&gt;
|*mabhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*mabhind&lt;br /&gt;
|mal&lt;br /&gt;
|*mate&lt;br /&gt;
|*matel&lt;br /&gt;
|maon&lt;br /&gt;
|*mays&lt;br /&gt;
|*mayson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!night&lt;br /&gt;
|bhai&lt;br /&gt;
|bhaind&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaibhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaibhind&lt;br /&gt;
|bhail&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaite&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaitel&lt;br /&gt;
|bhaion&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaiys&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaiyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!day sky&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩnd&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩl&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩte&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩtel&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩon&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩys&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!night sky&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;att&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attand&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;attibhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attibhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attal&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;atte&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attel&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;atton&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;attis&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attison&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!cloud&lt;br /&gt;
|lhä&lt;br /&gt;
|lhänd&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|lhäl&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäte&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhätel&lt;br /&gt;
|lhäon&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäys&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!paper&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũnd&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;bhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;bhind&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũl&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;te&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;tel&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũ&#039;on&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;x&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;xon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!computer&lt;br /&gt;
|zhoto&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotond&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotobhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotobhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotol&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotote&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhototel&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotoon&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotoys&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotoyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!person&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadh&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhand&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhal&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadte&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadtel&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhon&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhx&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Verbs&lt;br /&gt;
!Intransitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//Ø//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-r̥//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ʊ̃//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ʊ̃r̥//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!like&lt;br /&gt;
|qad&lt;br /&gt;
|qatŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|qadõ&lt;br /&gt;
|qadõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!want&lt;br /&gt;
|chëk&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkõ&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!have&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!give&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõ&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõõ&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!receive/take&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;e&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!eat/drink&lt;br /&gt;
|mäx&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxõ&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!breathe&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhim&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!say&lt;br /&gt;
|ää&lt;br /&gt;
|ääŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ääõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ääõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!sing&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!go to&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!leave&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Adjectives&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//-β//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-i//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ɥ//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-l//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-te//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!happy&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaav&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaai&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaaw&lt;br /&gt;
|zaal&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaate&lt;br /&gt;
|zaatel&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!blue&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëv&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëi&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëw&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵël&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëte&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëtel&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -8 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!C&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
!V&lt;br /&gt;
!Non-Back&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* VS̥ʰ VS̬ʰ &amp;gt; V́S̥ V̀S̥ / _%&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)V(C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: any consonant except /ʔ h ɦ/&lt;br /&gt;
* V: any vowel&lt;br /&gt;
* C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: any consonant&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Transliterations ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Latin ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Kana ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|Ø}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;い&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ミ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;み&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ニ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;に&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;び&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ち&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぢ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;き&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぎ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;し&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;キ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ギ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゐ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;り&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;いぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;う&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;む&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぬ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぷ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;び&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;つ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;づ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;く&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぐ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ク&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;グ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;うぅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;る&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゆ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;え&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;メ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;め&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ネ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ね&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;べ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;て&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;で&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;け&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;げ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ケ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゲ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゑ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;れ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;いぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;お&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;モ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;も&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ノ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;の&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぽ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;と&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ど&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;こ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ご&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぉ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぉ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;コ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;を&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ろ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;よ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;あ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;マ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ま&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ナ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;な&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぱ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ば&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;た&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;だ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;か&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;が&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;カ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ガ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;わ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ら&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;や&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|Ø}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ニ゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;プ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ブ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ト&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ド&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ク゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ん&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;っ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;フ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;シ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ジ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ホ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ン&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゝ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゞ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ウ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ル&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;イ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -7 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect-7 divides words into 3 categories depending on how they can be perceived by the senses: proximal sensation, distal sensation, and general sensation. Deeplect -7-speakers recognize 6 senses in terms of these divisions: sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, and memory. The emotional sense refers to an individual being made to feel an emotion. The memorial sense refers to an individual forming a memory or recalling past memories.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Proximal sensation includes things whose perception is limited to a close range:&lt;br /&gt;
** any object by its texture&lt;br /&gt;
** whispering by sound&lt;br /&gt;
** blood by flavor&lt;br /&gt;
** paper by scent&lt;br /&gt;
** small insects by sight&lt;br /&gt;
** a dream by memory&lt;br /&gt;
* Distal sensation includes things whose perception is &#039;&#039;&#039;not&#039;&#039;&#039; limited to a close range:&lt;br /&gt;
** weather by its temperature&lt;br /&gt;
** shouting by sound&lt;br /&gt;
** chocolate by expectation-induced flavor&lt;br /&gt;
** a fart by scent&lt;br /&gt;
** a building by sight&lt;br /&gt;
** a bear at a zoo by memory&lt;br /&gt;
* General sensation always includes the conceptualization of an object, and senses that are more strongly associated with the concept of it than the sensation of it. Some objects have no associated sensations with them such as&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Often, what translates to a single word in English is split into two or three words depending on how they are experienced in a sentence.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Vocabulary List&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Deeplect -7&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |English&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Word&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Translation&lt;br /&gt;
!Context&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|general: &#039;&#039;visual, conceptual&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[sâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|distal: &#039;&#039;auditory, memorial&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[θâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|proximal: &#039;&#039;tactile, olfactory, gustatory&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -6 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Every word is 6 morae long.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -5 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -5 has a small consonant inventory with about half of its consonants being clicks. This small size is made up for in extreme allophony.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Dental&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Pulmonic&lt;br /&gt;
!Stop&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|hʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Click&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
X language has two levels of stress: primary and secondary. Primary stress is marked with vowel length and can have a high, low, falling, or rising tone. Secondary stress is marked with either a high or low tone. Primary stress is word-initial, but secondary stress is lexical.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|ẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
(C)(G)V(C); C = consonant; G = /t ʔ w j/; Q = click; V = vowel&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# pʔ tʔ &amp;gt; pʼ tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
# p t c ʔ s &amp;gt; b d ɟ ʔ̞ z / _{i,e} !{#,C̥}_&lt;br /&gt;
# d ǃ &amp;gt; ɟ ǂ / _i&lt;br /&gt;
# w l j &amp;gt; m n ɲ / {Ṽ_,_Ṽ}&lt;br /&gt;
# n t &amp;gt; ŋ k / _{u,ũ}&lt;br /&gt;
# l &amp;gt; ɾ / _{u,o,a}&lt;br /&gt;
# V &amp;gt; Ṽ / ᵑQ_&lt;br /&gt;
# ᵑǀw ᵑǃj &amp;gt; ᵑʘ ᵑǂ&lt;br /&gt;
# hʲ / Ø !_{i,ĩ,e,ẽ}&lt;br /&gt;
# QC / Ø !QC=!w&lt;br /&gt;
# CCC VVV ṼV VṼ CQ jʔ hʲʔ / Ø&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Romanization ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Vowel&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/p/&lt;br /&gt;
![p]&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
![b]&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/i/&lt;br /&gt;
![i]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
![ĩ]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/t/&lt;br /&gt;
![t]&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
![d]&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
![ɟ]&lt;br /&gt;
|dj&lt;br /&gt;
![k]&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
!/ĩ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ĩ]&lt;br /&gt;
|in&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ʔ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
![ʔ̞]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/u/&lt;br /&gt;
![u]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
![ũ]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/s/&lt;br /&gt;
![s]&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
![z]&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/ũ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ũ]&lt;br /&gt;
|un&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/hʲ/&lt;br /&gt;
![hʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/e/&lt;br /&gt;
![e]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
![ẽ]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/w/&lt;br /&gt;
![w]&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
![m]&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/ẽ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ẽ]&lt;br /&gt;
|en&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/l/&lt;br /&gt;
![l]&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
![ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
![n]&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
!/o/&lt;br /&gt;
![o]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
![õ]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/j/&lt;br /&gt;
![j]&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|nj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/a/&lt;br /&gt;
![a]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
![ã]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|cn&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǃ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǃ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qn&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǂ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qny&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/H/&lt;br /&gt;
![H]&lt;br /&gt;
|¯&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǀʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǀʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ch&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/L/&lt;br /&gt;
![L]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǃʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǃʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qh&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qh&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/HL/&lt;br /&gt;
![HL]&lt;br /&gt;
|ˋ&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǀˀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǀˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|c&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/LH&lt;br /&gt;
![LH]&lt;br /&gt;
|´&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǃˀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǃˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|q&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǂˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|q&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǀw/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑʘ]&lt;br /&gt;
|cm&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǃj/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǂ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qny&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -4.5 ==&lt;br /&gt;
This is a naturalistic dialect of Deeplect -4, used for situations where Deeplect -4 would be required to be naturalistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
All consonants can be lengthened except for /r̥ ɽ͡r ˀɽ/. All velars become palatal or palatalized after front vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tʼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʈ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɖ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|g&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡x&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡xʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ð&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɽ͡r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀʟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels and Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels have one of four tones: high, low, falling, and rising. Falling and rising tones are closer to the middle range than high or low. High tone is accompanied by preaspiration. On a word-initial vowel, the preaspiration is breathy. The preaspiration is converted into voiceless aspiration on any preceding voiceless consonant, and breathy voice on any preceding voiced consonant. Low tone is accompanied by creaky voice on the vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels are separated into 2 classes based on their phonotactic behavior and evolutionary history. Class 1 vowels have no phonotactic restrictions other than that they cannot form diphthongs with each other. These vowels originated from the proto-language&#039;s 3-vowel system /e a o/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Class 2 vowels must be preceded or followed by a consonant, or both, and cannot be adjacent to a Class 1 vowel. Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs with each other. These diphthongs use the same tone system as other vowels. Diphthongs with consonants involve sliding articulation. Class 2 diphthongs cannot be adjacent to each other and adhere to the same restrictions as Class 2 monophthongs. They are excluded from the charts because all Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs (or long vowels) with another and it is not specially notated in romanization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are three romanizations systems for Deeplect -4 which differ in vowel and tone notation. The Vohnegien&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Name created by [[Janus]].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; notation prioritized representing historical pronunciation such as syllabic consonants and their descendants being written with an vowel-initial diagraph upon which tones would be marked with diacritics. Vohnegien notation is seen as more outdated by some, but still used by a few scattered Deeplect -4-speaking regions and by linguists.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vohnegien Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨V⟩ here is used to represent a vowel, not the letter V.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̄&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̀&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V́&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Gritchend&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; approached notation from a modern pronunciation in which diacritics are used on consonants to show syllabicity and on vowels to show vowel quality. Gritchend elected to romanize tones with unused consonant letters. Gritchend notation is broadly considered the modern notation of the language and is used in most formal and informal contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Gritchend Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ń&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ḿ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the interest of avoiding the use of diacritics altogether, Vondenberg&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; combined the vowel notation of Vohnegien and tone notation of Gritchend. This more modern romanization is most often used in informal text messages and typing with decorative fonts, which often have poor diacritic support.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vondenberg Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -4 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
All consonants can be lengthened except for /r̥ ɽ͡r ˀɽ/.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tʼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʈ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|cʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɖ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c͡ç&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c͡çʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ç&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ð&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɽ͡r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʎ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀʎ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels and Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels have one of four tones: high, low, falling, and rising. Falling and rising tones are closer to the middle range than high or low. High tone is accompanied by preaspiration. On a word-initial vowel, the preaspiration is breathy. The preaspiration is converted into voiceless aspiration on any preceding voiceless consonant, and breathy voice on any preceding voiced consonant. Low tone is accompanied by creaky voice on the vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels are separated into 2 classes based on their phonotactic behavior and evolutionary history. Class 1 vowels have no phonotactic restrictions other than that they cannot form diphthongs with each other. These vowels originated from the proto-language&#039;s 3-vowel system /e a o/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Class 2 vowels must be preceded or followed by a consonant, or both, and cannot be adjacent to a Class 1 vowel. Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs with each other. These diphthongs use the same tone system as other vowels. Diphthongs with consonants involve sliding articulation. Class 2 diphthongs cannot be adjacent to each other and adhere to the same restrictions as Class 2 monophthongs. They are excluded from the charts because all Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs (or long vowels) with another and it is not specially notated in romanization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are three romanizations systems for Deeplect -4 which differ in vowel and tone notation. The Vohnegien&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; notation prioritized representing historical pronunciation such as syllabic consonants and their descendants being written with an vowel-initial diagraph upon which tones would be marked with diacritics. Vohnegien notation is seen as more outdated by some, but still used by a few scattered Deeplect -4-speaking regions and by linguists.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vohnegien Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨V⟩ here is used to represent a vowel, not the letter V.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̄&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̀&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V́&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Gritchend&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; approached notation from a modern pronunciation in which diacritics are used on consonants to show syllabicity and on vowels to show vowel quality. Gritchend elected to romanize tones with unused consonant letters. Gritchend notation is broadly considered the modern notation of the language and is used in most formal and informal contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Gritchend Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ń&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ḿ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the interest of avoiding the use of diacritics altogether, Vondenberg&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; combined the vowel notation of Vohnegien and tone notation of Gritchend. This more modern romanization is most often used in informal text messages and typing with decorative fonts, which often have poor diacritic support.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vondenberg Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -3 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-Click Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar/Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Laryngeal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Stop&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|p &#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡θ &#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t &#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s &#039;&#039;&#039;ts&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡ &#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d &#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡z &#039;&#039;&#039;dz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡ʒ &#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|g &#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s’ &#039;&#039;&#039;ts’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;q’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|ɓ &#039;&#039;&#039;b’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ &#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ &#039;&#039;&#039;gh’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ &#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s &#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ &#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ &#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ &#039;&#039;&#039;ž&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;š’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n &#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|β̞ &#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|lː &#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|r &#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|r̝ &#039;&#039;&#039;rz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Allophony ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* /t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ʃʼ ʄ k ɡ kʼ ɠ/ become [k͡x g͡ɣ k͡xʼ ɠ q ɢ qʼ ʛ] before low or back vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Click Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;mwh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘχ &#039;&#039;&#039;mwx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nzh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nzx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nkh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nllh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nllx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;njh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂχ &#039;&#039;&#039;njx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;mw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;wm&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;zn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;nk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;kn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;nll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;lln&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;jn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ploded&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;mw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘq &#039;&#039;&#039;mwq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀq &#039;&#039;&#039;nzq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃq &#039;&#039;&#039;nkq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁq &#039;&#039;&#039;nllq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂq &#039;&#039;&#039;njq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;wch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qʘχ &#039;&#039;&#039;wx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;zch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǀχ &#039;&#039;&#039;zx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;kch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǃχ &#039;&#039;&#039;kx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;llch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǁχ &#039;&#039;&#039;llx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;jch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǂχ &#039;&#039;&#039;jx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘx &#039;&#039;&#039;gwx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀx &#039;&#039;&#039;gzx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃx &#039;&#039;&#039;gkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁx &#039;&#039;&#039;gllx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂx &#039;&#039;&#039;gjx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;wh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;zh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;llh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gwh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gzh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gkh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gllh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gjh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘq &#039;&#039;&#039;wq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;cz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀq &#039;&#039;&#039;zq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;ck&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃq &#039;&#039;&#039;kq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;cll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁq &#039;&#039;&#039;llq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂq &#039;&#039;&#039;jq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;wg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;zg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;gk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;kg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;gll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;llg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;jg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;w’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;z’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;ll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;j’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gkʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gck’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;wc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;wq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;zc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;zq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;kc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;kq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;llc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;llq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
An apostrophe is placed between grapheme clusters that may be confused with whole graphemes, e.g. ⟨amwha⟩ is /a.ŋʘʰa/ and ⟨am’wha⟩ is /am.kʘʰa/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
The vowel qualities are /i u e o a ã/ ⟨i u e o a ã⟩, with the long vowels /iː uː ɛː ɔː ɑː ãː/ ⟨ī ū ē ō ā ãa⟩ and overlong vowels /iːː uːː eːːː oːːː aːːː ãːːː/ ⟨ii uu ee oo aa ãā⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The possible diphthongs are /ei eo oe oi ou oa ue ua ai ae au ao oã uã ãi ãe ãu ão/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phonations include modal, breathy ⟨◌h⟩, creaky ⟨◌’⟩, (all three of which can be pharyngealized ⟨◌·⟩), and strident ⟨◌ħ⟩. A long vowels and diphthongs can contain more than one phonation, but short and overlong vowels cannot.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels can be -ATR or +ATR ⟨◌y⟩, corresponding to tongue root harmony. This harmony can change voiceless plain stops to breathy stops (except /p/ which becomes [b]). It is a progressive harmony that begins from the start of a root word and is blocked by ejective and uvular consonants. +ATR is only romanized on the first vowel of a root word.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Allophony ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Vowels are nasalized whenever adjacent to nasal phonemes. /ã/ merges with /a/, so ⟨ã⟩ is not used adjacent to nasal phonemes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -2 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labiodental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɱ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɴ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Tense&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̪̊}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̪̊ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’tw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̥ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɟ̊}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɟ̊ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɢ̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɢ̥ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʡ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lax&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’dhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ghw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ð}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ðʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ðw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|zʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʝ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʝʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;yw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʁ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʁʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;xw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʜ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Vibrant&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ⱱ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|r}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|rʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|l̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|l}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʎ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʟ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Non-Front&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|í}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;í&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ì}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɨ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ú&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɨ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|é}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;é&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|è}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɘ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ó&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɘ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɐ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;á&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɐ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -1 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Grammar&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Gloss&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Description&lt;br /&gt;
!Examples&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!CAUS.GNO&lt;br /&gt;
|jɾa-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;production, resultation, consequence (gnomic and nouns)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kesˈteltɔ jɾaˈmiawa (earth brings life)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!CAUS&lt;br /&gt;
|ko-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;caused (tense, verbs only)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kes&#039;teltɔ koˈmiawe̤ (earth is causing life to exist)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOA&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -e̤&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of agent, MOA). MOA verbs receive an adverb? auxiliary verb? after, showing the precise action taking place if it isn&#039;t clear from the primary verb (it would be clear if the prim. verb was &amp;quot;to go to&amp;quot; but not if it&#039;s &amp;quot;to water&amp;quot;). unclear primary verbs used without secondary verbs are said to simply &amp;quot;be occuring&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;be existing&amp;quot;.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːje̤ (approaching water)&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtelte̤ (kicking the ground)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOS&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -ʕu&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of secondary thing, MOS). MOS places the object after the verb. objects and &amp;quot;secondary verbs&amp;quot; (referenced above) do not differ in marking&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːjʕu (splashing water on someone/watering something)&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈteltʕu (kicking dirt at something/someone)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOP&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -a(ʕim)&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of patient, MOP). MOP places its object before the verb. -ʕim is only added for formality, emphasis, or syntactic disambiguation.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːja(ʕim) ~ spraying water around&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtela(ʕim) ~ kicking up dirt&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
whether a verb is conjugated to MOA/MOS/MOP is determined by which action the speaker wants to focus on the most, even though usually 2 or 3 of them will be actually occuring&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
topic pronouns (marked for person, number, and obviation) are clitics that attach to a particle with some of their grammatical information (cases).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV1 ~ ũ=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV2 ~ nã=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV3 ~ ˈdeu=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV1 ~ in=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV2 ~ ja̤=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV3 ~ tḛːŋ=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV1 ~ ki=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV2 ~ ɾḛj=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV3 ~ aːn=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.PL.INCL ~ eˈdo=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.PL.EXCL ~ kʼe=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.PL.INCL ~ ˈkimi=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.PL.EXCL ~ ˈhuku=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV1 ~ sto=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV2 ~ ˈmihi=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV3 ~ aˈdoː=&lt;br /&gt;
# REFL ~ pi&lt;br /&gt;
#* used in stuff like drinking(MOS), eating(MOS), etc.&lt;br /&gt;
# nominative ~ i&lt;br /&gt;
# vocative ~ -ʃa̤,ja̤/i&#039;ja̤&lt;br /&gt;
# benefactive ~ -(ɾ)e/ri&lt;br /&gt;
# malefactive ~ -ḛːse/ḛːse&lt;br /&gt;
# dative ~ -ãw/ŋaw&lt;br /&gt;
# commitative ~ -(k,ɡ,ʼ)iː/kiː&lt;br /&gt;
# instrumental ~ -(s,z)ãʰː/zãʰː&lt;br /&gt;
# other case particles can be derived using class-less variants of words, which can get prefixed to a non-topic noun&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* sometimes the particle may be used alone instead of the pronoun clitic.&lt;br /&gt;
* the pronoun clitic can be attached to a word to show stronger volition toward that aspect of the action described in the sentence (i.e. TOP=[verb] for showing stronger intent for the action than the object, or TOP=[object] for the opposite). stronger volition toward one aspect often implies weaker volition or intent toward the rest (TOP=[verb] may imply accidentally affecting the object, and TOP=[object] may imply accidentally performing the action, but meaning to do something to the object).&lt;br /&gt;
* both or either of the pronoun clitic and particle may be omitted. omission only occurs in the event of redundance.&lt;br /&gt;
* there is a subject case particle.&lt;br /&gt;
* other NPs are listed in the beginning of the sentence in order of decreasing relevance. their cases (and conjunctions) are expressed in affixes, not a particle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* every part of speech has its own set of classes (they do not correspond to each other).&lt;br /&gt;
* modifiers are added by affixing the modifiee&#039;s class suffix and changing the modifiee&#039;s suffix to -aː (this assumes all classes affixes will be suffixes but maybe i wont do that)&lt;br /&gt;
*# kesˈteltɔ &#039;&#039;modified by&#039;&#039; beˈʔaɾa (cooled lava ground) &amp;gt; kesˈtelt&#039;&#039;&#039;-ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; beˈʔa-ɾa &amp;gt; kesˈtelt-aː beˈʔa-ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039;-ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;gt; kesˈteltaː beˈʔaɔ&lt;br /&gt;
* noun classes (suffixes and prefixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -a, -ɔ ~ fluid, changing (animals, thoughts, breath, wind, clothing, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ɾa ~ dangerous (lava, fire, poisonous food, weapon used, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# zũː- ~ machinery (car, computer, lock, some weapons merely existing)&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ- ~ valuable natural item (diamond, gold, ivory)&lt;br /&gt;
# tʰe- ~ material for use (wood, paper, ink, glue, metal, cloth)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ʔiː ~ natural (plants, sun, moon, dirt, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# -nõ ~ human, human-related concept, or thing altered by humanity (person, domesticated animals, weapon created, gods from secular perspective)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* verb classes (suffixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -e ~&lt;br /&gt;
# -l ~&lt;br /&gt;
# -a ~&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* adjective/adverb classes (prefixes):&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;unmarked&#039;&#039; ~ quality&lt;br /&gt;
* xe- ~ identity&lt;br /&gt;
* o- ~ relation&lt;br /&gt;
* adposition classes (suffixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* when creating a phrase or description, go with more actually-occurs options before hypothetical or culturally-specific ones (i.e. kesˈteltaː beˈʔaɾɔ is a ground of cooled lava, not the ground being molten lava as is pretended in the game &amp;quot;the floor is lava&amp;quot;, since the former is more likely to be used in a real situation than the latter)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtelt&#039;&#039;&#039;ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈbiːj&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kṵː&#039;&#039;&#039;ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ fire&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈmiaw&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ life&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;zũː&#039;&#039;&#039;kũː ~ metal, mechanical&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;kʰ&#039;&#039;&#039;uːihu ~ gold&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
beˈʔa&#039;&#039;&#039;ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ lava&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;ːsʼaː ~ wood&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
liˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ plant&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
oˈŋãi&#039;&#039;&#039;nõ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ human&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
eˈumĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ love&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
çiː&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ emotion(s)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
xkiˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ think, mind&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;nũː ~ paper&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;ˈʔjul ~ ink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;zũː&#039;&#039;&#039;mãi ~ pen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
he ~ move to&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
iːl ~ move at/in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ɬaː ~ express, release, secrete&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈtʰeŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ visible attribute&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kɔʔj&#039;&#039;&#039;ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ color, shadow, brightness, angle&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
tḛjjɔ ~ red, hot pink, orange, brown, violet&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
vɾiː ~ yellow, orange, lime, beige, white, pink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ħaːn ~ green, lime, evergreen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈijaɲ ~ cyan, mint&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈṳba ~ blue, indigo, purple, black&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
naːˈħal ~ dark yellow, muddy green&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ħũːe ~ correct, factual, verified, verifiable&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=United_%C5%8Aations_Office_for_Cartography&amp;diff=39558</id>
		<title>United Ŋations Office for Cartography</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=United_%C5%8Aations_Office_for_Cartography&amp;diff=39558"/>
		<updated>2026-05-05T19:34:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:OfC-logo.svg|thumb|alt=Logo|Logo since May 2025]]&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;United Ŋations Office for Cartography&#039;&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;&#039;OfC&#039;&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;&#039;UŊCO&#039;&#039;&#039;) is an office of the [[United Ŋations]] whose job is keeping a political map of [[Nguhcraft]] up-to-date. The release date at the top left of the map was based on Central European Time. The first and current UŊ cartographer is [[Marcy I|Marcy Sheikah]], who has created the first ever political maps of Nguhcraft before quitting due to technical limitations on 24 April 2024. Since then [[Ætérnal]] had been maintaining the primary map of Nguhcraft until 5 December 2024. Having created the participation map for the [[Nguhrovision Song Contest 2024]], Sheikah returned to create of similar, more minimalist recent political maps of Nguhcraft. [[Zendrid]] also works for the office, having created the locator maps for this Wiki. There is another current UŊ cartographer, [[Suqi]], who began making maps for the [[unUŊ]] before being hired for the UŊ by Marcy. Both Marcy and Suqi use Xaeros World Map surveys done by [[Martinawa]], the most recent of which is from November of 2025.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Most recent political map==&lt;br /&gt;
The following is the most recent official political map of Nguhcraft, created on &#039;&#039;05 May 2026&#039;&#039; by [[Suqi]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhcraft-map-satellite.png|Political satellite map of Nguhcraft by Suqi&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other maps ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File:Most recent Marcy map.png|Political satellite map of Nguhcraft by Marcy Sheikah&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhcraft-map.png|Political map of Nguhcraft by Marcy Sheikah&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhcraft-map-blank-with-borders.png|Blank map of Nguhcraft with borders by Marcy Sheikah&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhcraft-land-map.png|Blank map of Nguhcraft without borders by Marcy Sheikah&lt;br /&gt;
File:Ocean map.png|Blank map of Nguhcraft with major bodies of water by Marcy Sheikah and Suqi&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhrovision-map.png|The official map for participants of the [[Nguhrovision Song Contest 2024]] was being kept up to date by Marcy Sheikah from the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhrovision-2025-map.png|The official map for participants of the [[Nguhrovision Song Contest 2025]] is being kept up to date by Marcy Sheikah from the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
File:Version-map.png|A map of Minecraft versions by region drawn by Marcy Sheikah from the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
File:UŊ Map.webp|The latest version of Ætérnal&#039;s &#039;&#039;&#039;UŊ Map&#039;&#039;&#039; from 5 December 2024&lt;br /&gt;
File:Ung-members-map.png|The official map of members of the [[United Ŋations]] is being kept up to date by [[Zendrid]] from the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhcraft minimap aylongam.png|The minimaps for this Wiki are being kept up to date by Zendrid from the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
File:Cenrail2.png|The official rail diagram of Nguhcraft is being kept up to date by [[sq]] from [[Cenrail (company)|Cenrail]] and the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Ætérnal&#039;s december 2024 world map==&lt;br /&gt;
Due to technical limitations, the version of the map shown on this wiki is only a preview of the actual map. The actual map is a 16000×16000 image that, even when compressed using lossy compression with some of the better image compression formats, still takes up ~100MB of space, which is why the latest version of the map is instead hosted on nguh.org:&lt;br /&gt;
* 1:2 version (WEBP, {{#nguhstaticfilesize:mc/map.webp}}): https://www.nguh.org/static/mc/map.webp&lt;br /&gt;
* 1:1 version (WEBP, lossless, {{#nguhstaticfilesize:mc/map-full-size.webp}}): https://www.nguh.org/static/mc/map-full-size.webp&lt;br /&gt;
* Background (JPEG XL, lossless, {{#nguhstaticfilesize:mc/map.jxl}}): https://www.nguh.org/static/mc/map.jxl&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Ung-office-for-cartography-logo.webp|thumb|alt=Old logo|Previous logo in use until 23 May 2025]]&lt;br /&gt;
The first post-[[The Raid|raid]] attempt at a political map of Nguhcraft was the &#039;&#039;Big Map&#039;&#039; made by self-proclaimed &#039;&#039;Map Nerd&#039;&#039; and Quing of Kyaw Cen Marcy I on 2 January 2024, one month before the founding of the UŊ. Marcy Sheikah was the first person to maintain the UŊ Official Map when the United Ŋations Office for Cartography was later established. However, she de facto resigned on 24 April 2024 due to her computer having problems editing the map since it is so large, and Ætérnal has been maintaining the map until 2025, when Sheikah returned to making political maps of Nguhcraft.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;UŊ Official Map&#039;&#039;&#039;, full-size version ({{#nguhstaticfilesize:mc/marcy-ung-map.png}}): https://www.nguh.org/static/mc/marcy-ung-map.png&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File:Marcy-ung-map-small.png|The last version of the &#039;&#039;&#039;UŊ Official Map&#039;&#039;&#039; by Marcy from 24 April 2024&lt;br /&gt;
File:Big-map.png|First edition of the &#039;&#039;&#039;Big Map&#039;&#039;&#039;, the predecessor to the UŊ Official Map&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== United Ŋations geoscheme ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Continents.png|thumb|alt=Map of continents on Nguhcraft by [[Marcy Sheikah]]|Map of continents on Nguhcraft by [[Marcy Sheikah]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Continent}}&lt;br /&gt;
The United Ŋations geoscheme suggested by Marcy Sheikah on 06 May 2024 divides the world into 11 superŋational regions (or &#039;&#039;continents&#039;&#039;). Most names of those continents are only supposed to be temporary: On 23 January 2025, the continent of [[Cornertopia]] was divided in two halves, Tardigradia and Aŋtarctica, changing the number of continents to 12.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Aŋtarctica]] (formerly considered part of &#039;&#039;[[Cornertopia]]&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Archipelagia]] (formerly &#039;&#039;Greenland&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gaarlann]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gadicinta]] (formerly &#039;&#039;Balloon World&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hlambigla]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Land of Chaos]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]] (formerly &#039;&#039;Leporia Land&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ŋafrica]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Slabland]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tardigradia]] (formerly considered part of &#039;&#039;[[Cornertopia]]&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Thasusa]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ʡeteria]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==List of UŊCO world map cartographers==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Photo !! Name !! From !! Until&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Marcy-cat.png|120px|frameless]] || [[File:Kyaw-cen-banner.png|link=[[Kyaw Cen]]|15px]] [[Marcy Sheikah]] || 02 January 2024&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/835185858864218122/1191543350663331870&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || 24 April 2024&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/767569743229747220/1232765440728502355&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Aeternal-talking.png|120px|frameless]] || [[File:Old_kingdom_banner.png|link=[[Old Kingdom]]|15px]] [[Ætérnal]] || 24 April 2024&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/767569743229747220/1232767442426658876&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || 5 December 2024 &#039;&#039;(last map)&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;29 April 2025 &#039;&#039;(formally)&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/767569743229747220/1366893090110967899&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Marcy-cat.png|120px|frameless]] || [[File:Kyaw-cen-banner.png|link=[[Kyaw Cen]]|15px]] Marcy Sheikah || 21 April 2025 &#039;&#039;(first map)&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/1268387836835397653/1363964456664563822&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;29 April 2025 &#039;&#039;(formally)&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/767569743229747220/1366893090110967899&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || &#039;&#039;Incumbent&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Suqi&#039;s skin.png|left|frameless|165x165px]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Banner of Coldba (Cuba).png|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Suqi]]&lt;br /&gt;
|05 May 2026&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/1268387836835397653/1501285766452740287&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Incumbent&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Footnotes==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=File:Most_recent_Marcy_map.png&amp;diff=39557</id>
		<title>File:Most recent Marcy map.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=File:Most_recent_Marcy_map.png&amp;diff=39557"/>
		<updated>2026-05-05T19:33:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=File:Nguhcraft-map-satellite.png&amp;diff=39556</id>
		<title>File:Nguhcraft-map-satellite.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=File:Nguhcraft-map-satellite.png&amp;diff=39556"/>
		<updated>2026-05-05T19:33:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: Suqi uploaded a new version of File:Nguhcraft-map-satellite.png&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Nguhcraft-map-satellite created by Marcy&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=File:%C5%8Aorld_Map_-_Suqi.png&amp;diff=39553</id>
		<title>File:Ŋorld Map - Suqi.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=File:%C5%8Aorld_Map_-_Suqi.png&amp;diff=39553"/>
		<updated>2026-05-05T19:00:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: Suqi uploaded a new version of File:Ŋorld Map - Suqi.png&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=United_%C5%8Aations_Office_for_Cartography&amp;diff=39552</id>
		<title>United Ŋations Office for Cartography</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=United_%C5%8Aations_Office_for_Cartography&amp;diff=39552"/>
		<updated>2026-05-05T18:44:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:OfC-logo.svg|thumb|alt=Logo|Logo since May 2025]]&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;United Ŋations Office for Cartography&#039;&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;&#039;OfC&#039;&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;&#039;UŊCO&#039;&#039;&#039;) is an office of the [[United Ŋations]] whose job is keeping a political map of [[Nguhcraft]] up-to-date. The release date at the top left of the map was based on Central European Time. The first and current UŊ cartographer is [[Marcy I|Marcy Sheikah]], who has created the first ever political maps of Nguhcraft before quitting due to technical limitations on 24 April 2024. Since then [[Ætérnal]] had been maintaining the primary map of Nguhcraft until 5 December 2024. Having created the participation map for the [[Nguhrovision Song Contest 2024]], Sheikah returned to create of similar, more minimalist recent political maps of Nguhcraft. [[Zendrid]] also works for the office, having created the locator maps for this Wiki. There is another current UŊ cartographer, [[Suqi]], who began making maps for the [[unUŊ]] before being hired for the UŊ by Marcy. Both Marcy and Suqi use Xaeros World Map surveys done by [[Martinawa]], the most recent of which is from November of 2025.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Most recent political map==&lt;br /&gt;
The following is the most recent official political map of Nguhcraft, created on &#039;&#039;05 May 2026&#039;&#039; by [[Suqi]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File:Ŋorld Map - Suqi.png|Political satellite map of Nguhcraft by Suqi&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other maps ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhcraft-map-satellite.png|Political satellite map of Nguhcraft by Marcy Sheikah&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhcraft-map.png|Political map of Nguhcraft by Marcy Sheikah&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhcraft-map-blank-with-borders.png|Blank map of Nguhcraft with borders by Marcy Sheikah&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhcraft-land-map.png|Blank map of Nguhcraft without borders by Marcy Sheikah&lt;br /&gt;
File:Ocean map.png|Blank map of Nguhcraft with major bodies of water by Marcy Sheikah and Suqi&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhrovision-map.png|The official map for participants of the [[Nguhrovision Song Contest 2024]] was being kept up to date by Marcy Sheikah from the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhrovision-2025-map.png|The official map for participants of the [[Nguhrovision Song Contest 2025]] is being kept up to date by Marcy Sheikah from the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
File:Version-map.png|A map of Minecraft versions by region drawn by Marcy Sheikah from the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
File:UŊ Map.webp|The latest version of Ætérnal&#039;s &#039;&#039;&#039;UŊ Map&#039;&#039;&#039; from 5 December 2024&lt;br /&gt;
File:Ung-members-map.png|The official map of members of the [[United Ŋations]] is being kept up to date by [[Zendrid]] from the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhcraft minimap aylongam.png|The minimaps for this Wiki are being kept up to date by Zendrid from the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
File:Cenrail2.png|The official rail diagram of Nguhcraft is being kept up to date by [[sq]] from [[Cenrail (company)|Cenrail]] and the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Ætérnal&#039;s december 2024 world map==&lt;br /&gt;
Due to technical limitations, the version of the map shown on this wiki is only a preview of the actual map. The actual map is a 16000×16000 image that, even when compressed using lossy compression with some of the better image compression formats, still takes up ~100MB of space, which is why the latest version of the map is instead hosted on nguh.org:&lt;br /&gt;
* 1:2 version (WEBP, {{#nguhstaticfilesize:mc/map.webp}}): https://www.nguh.org/static/mc/map.webp&lt;br /&gt;
* 1:1 version (WEBP, lossless, {{#nguhstaticfilesize:mc/map-full-size.webp}}): https://www.nguh.org/static/mc/map-full-size.webp&lt;br /&gt;
* Background (JPEG XL, lossless, {{#nguhstaticfilesize:mc/map.jxl}}): https://www.nguh.org/static/mc/map.jxl&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Ung-office-for-cartography-logo.webp|thumb|alt=Old logo|Previous logo in use until 23 May 2025]]&lt;br /&gt;
The first post-[[The Raid|raid]] attempt at a political map of Nguhcraft was the &#039;&#039;Big Map&#039;&#039; made by self-proclaimed &#039;&#039;Map Nerd&#039;&#039; and Quing of Kyaw Cen Marcy I on 2 January 2024, one month before the founding of the UŊ. Marcy Sheikah was the first person to maintain the UŊ Official Map when the United Ŋations Office for Cartography was later established. However, she de facto resigned on 24 April 2024 due to her computer having problems editing the map since it is so large, and Ætérnal has been maintaining the map until 2025, when Sheikah returned to making political maps of Nguhcraft.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;UŊ Official Map&#039;&#039;&#039;, full-size version ({{#nguhstaticfilesize:mc/marcy-ung-map.png}}): https://www.nguh.org/static/mc/marcy-ung-map.png&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File:Marcy-ung-map-small.png|The last version of the &#039;&#039;&#039;UŊ Official Map&#039;&#039;&#039; by Marcy from 24 April 2024&lt;br /&gt;
File:Big-map.png|First edition of the &#039;&#039;&#039;Big Map&#039;&#039;&#039;, the predecessor to the UŊ Official Map&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== United Ŋations geoscheme ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Continents.png|thumb|alt=Map of continents on Nguhcraft by [[Marcy Sheikah]]|Map of continents on Nguhcraft by [[Marcy Sheikah]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Continent}}&lt;br /&gt;
The United Ŋations geoscheme suggested by Marcy Sheikah on 06 May 2024 divides the world into 11 superŋational regions (or &#039;&#039;continents&#039;&#039;). Most names of those continents are only supposed to be temporary: On 23 January 2025, the continent of [[Cornertopia]] was divided in two halves, Tardigradia and Aŋtarctica, changing the number of continents to 12.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Aŋtarctica]] (formerly considered part of &#039;&#039;[[Cornertopia]]&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Archipelagia]] (formerly &#039;&#039;Greenland&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gaarlann]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gadicinta]] (formerly &#039;&#039;Balloon World&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hlambigla]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Land of Chaos]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]] (formerly &#039;&#039;Leporia Land&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ŋafrica]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Slabland]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tardigradia]] (formerly considered part of &#039;&#039;[[Cornertopia]]&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Thasusa]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ʡeteria]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==List of UŊCO world map cartographers==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Photo !! Name !! From !! Until&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Marcy-cat.png|120px|frameless]] || [[File:Kyaw-cen-banner.png|link=[[Kyaw Cen]]|15px]] [[Marcy Sheikah]] || 02 January 2024&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/835185858864218122/1191543350663331870&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || 24 April 2024&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/767569743229747220/1232765440728502355&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Aeternal-talking.png|120px|frameless]] || [[File:Old_kingdom_banner.png|link=[[Old Kingdom]]|15px]] [[Ætérnal]] || 24 April 2024&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/767569743229747220/1232767442426658876&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || 5 December 2024 &#039;&#039;(last map)&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;29 April 2025 &#039;&#039;(formally)&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/767569743229747220/1366893090110967899&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Marcy-cat.png|120px|frameless]] || [[File:Kyaw-cen-banner.png|link=[[Kyaw Cen]]|15px]] Marcy Sheikah || 21 April 2025 &#039;&#039;(first map)&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/1268387836835397653/1363964456664563822&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;29 April 2025 &#039;&#039;(formally)&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/767569743229747220/1366893090110967899&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || &#039;&#039;Incumbent&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Suqi&#039;s skin.png|left|frameless|165x165px]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Banner of Coldba (Cuba).png|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Suqi]]&lt;br /&gt;
|05 May 2026&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/1268387836835397653/1501285766452740287&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Incumbent&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Footnotes==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=File:%C5%8Aorld_Map_-_Suqi.png&amp;diff=39551</id>
		<title>File:Ŋorld Map - Suqi.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=File:%C5%8Aorld_Map_-_Suqi.png&amp;diff=39551"/>
		<updated>2026-05-05T18:39:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=United_%C5%8Aations_Office_for_Cartography&amp;diff=39550</id>
		<title>United Ŋations Office for Cartography</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=United_%C5%8Aations_Office_for_Cartography&amp;diff=39550"/>
		<updated>2026-05-05T18:17:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: /* List of UŊCO world map cartographers */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:OfC-logo.svg|thumb|alt=Logo|Logo since May 2025]]&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;United Ŋations Office for Cartography&#039;&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;&#039;OfC&#039;&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;&#039;UŊCO&#039;&#039;&#039;) is an office of the [[United Ŋations]] whose job is keeping a political map of [[Nguhcraft]] up-to-date. The release date at the top left of the map was based on Central European Time. The first and current UŊ cartographer is [[Marcy I|Marcy Sheikah]], who has created the first ever political maps of Nguhcraft before quitting due to technical limitations on 24 April 2024. Since then [[Ætérnal]] had been maintaining the primary map of Nguhcraft until 5 December 2024. Having created the participation map for the [[Nguhrovision Song Contest 2024]], Sheikah returned to create of similar, more minimalist recent political maps of Nguhcraft. [[Zendrid]] also works for the office, having created the locator maps for this Wiki.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Most recent political map==&lt;br /&gt;
The following are the two versions of the most recent official political map of Nguhcraft, created on &#039;&#039;16 February 2026&#039;&#039; by [[Marcy Sheikah]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhcraft-map-satellite.png|Political satellite map of Nguhcraft by Marcy Sheikah&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhcraft-map.png|Political map of Nguhcraft by Marcy Sheikah&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other maps==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhcraft-map-blank-with-borders.png|Blank map of Nguhcraft with borders by Marcy Sheikah&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhcraft-land-map.png|Blank map of Nguhcraft without borders by Marcy Sheikah&lt;br /&gt;
File:Ocean map.png|Blank map of Nguhcraft with major bodies of water by Marcy Sheikah and Suqi&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhrovision-map.png|The official map for participants of the [[Nguhrovision Song Contest 2024]] was being kept up to date by Marcy Sheikah from the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhrovision-2025-map.png|The official map for participants of the [[Nguhrovision Song Contest 2025]] is being kept up to date by Marcy Sheikah from the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
File:Version-map.png|A map of Minecraft versions by region drawn by Marcy Sheikah from the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
File:UŊ Map.webp|The latest version of Ætérnal&#039;s &#039;&#039;&#039;UŊ Map&#039;&#039;&#039; from 5 December 2024&lt;br /&gt;
File:Ung-members-map.png|The official map of members of the [[United Ŋations]] is being kept up to date by [[Zendrid]] from the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhcraft minimap aylongam.png|The minimaps for this Wiki are being kept up to date by Zendrid from the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
File:Cenrail2.png|The official rail diagram of Nguhcraft is being kept up to date by [[sq]] from [[Cenrail (company)|Cenrail]] and the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Ætérnal&#039;s december 2024 world map==&lt;br /&gt;
Due to technical limitations, the version of the map shown on this wiki is only a preview of the actual map. The actual map is a 16000×16000 image that, even when compressed using lossy compression with some of the better image compression formats, still takes up ~100MB of space, which is why the latest version of the map is instead hosted on nguh.org:&lt;br /&gt;
* 1:2 version (WEBP, {{#nguhstaticfilesize:mc/map.webp}}): https://www.nguh.org/static/mc/map.webp&lt;br /&gt;
* 1:1 version (WEBP, lossless, {{#nguhstaticfilesize:mc/map-full-size.webp}}): https://www.nguh.org/static/mc/map-full-size.webp&lt;br /&gt;
* Background (JPEG XL, lossless, {{#nguhstaticfilesize:mc/map.jxl}}): https://www.nguh.org/static/mc/map.jxl&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Ung-office-for-cartography-logo.webp|thumb|alt=Old logo|Previous logo in use until 23 May 2025]]&lt;br /&gt;
The first post-[[The Raid|raid]] attempt at a political map of Nguhcraft was the &#039;&#039;Big Map&#039;&#039; made by self-proclaimed &#039;&#039;Map Nerd&#039;&#039; and Quing of Kyaw Cen Marcy I on 2 January 2024, one month before the founding of the UŊ. Marcy Sheikah was the first person to maintain the UŊ Official Map when the United Ŋations Office for Cartography was later established. However, she de facto resigned on 24 April 2024 due to her computer having problems editing the map since it is so large, and Ætérnal has been maintaining the map until 2025, when Sheikah returned to making political maps of Nguhcraft.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;UŊ Official Map&#039;&#039;&#039;, full-size version ({{#nguhstaticfilesize:mc/marcy-ung-map.png}}): https://www.nguh.org/static/mc/marcy-ung-map.png&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File:Marcy-ung-map-small.png|The last version of the &#039;&#039;&#039;UŊ Official Map&#039;&#039;&#039; by Marcy from 24 April 2024&lt;br /&gt;
File:Big-map.png|First edition of the &#039;&#039;&#039;Big Map&#039;&#039;&#039;, the predecessor to the UŊ Official Map&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== United Ŋations geoscheme ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Continents.png|thumb|alt=Map of continents on Nguhcraft by [[Marcy Sheikah]]|Map of continents on Nguhcraft by [[Marcy Sheikah]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Continent}}&lt;br /&gt;
The United Ŋations geoscheme suggested by Marcy Sheikah on 06 May 2024 divides the world into 11 superŋational regions (or &#039;&#039;continents&#039;&#039;). Most names of those continents are only supposed to be temporary: On 23 January 2025, the continent of [[Cornertopia]] was divided in two halves, Tardigradia and Aŋtarctica, changing the number of continents to 12.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Aŋtarctica]] (formerly considered part of &#039;&#039;[[Cornertopia]]&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Archipelagia]] (formerly &#039;&#039;Greenland&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gaarlann]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gadicinta]] (formerly &#039;&#039;Balloon World&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hlambigla]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Land of Chaos]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]] (formerly &#039;&#039;Leporia Land&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ŋafrica]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Slabland]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tardigradia]] (formerly considered part of &#039;&#039;[[Cornertopia]]&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Thasusa]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ʡeteria]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==List of UŊCO world map cartographers==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Photo !! Name !! From !! Until&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Marcy-cat.png|120px|frameless]] || [[File:Kyaw-cen-banner.png|link=[[Kyaw Cen]]|15px]] [[Marcy Sheikah]] || 02 January 2024&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/835185858864218122/1191543350663331870&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || 24 April 2024&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/767569743229747220/1232765440728502355&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Aeternal-talking.png|120px|frameless]] || [[File:Old_kingdom_banner.png|link=[[Old Kingdom]]|15px]] [[Ætérnal]] || 24 April 2024&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/767569743229747220/1232767442426658876&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || 5 December 2024 &#039;&#039;(last map)&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;29 April 2025 &#039;&#039;(formally)&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/767569743229747220/1366893090110967899&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Marcy-cat.png|120px|frameless]] || [[File:Kyaw-cen-banner.png|link=[[Kyaw Cen]]|15px]] Marcy Sheikah || 21 April 2025 &#039;&#039;(first map)&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/1268387836835397653/1363964456664563822&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;29 April 2025 &#039;&#039;(formally)&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/767569743229747220/1366893090110967899&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || &#039;&#039;Incumbent&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Suqi&#039;s skin.png|left|frameless|165x165px]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Banner of Coldba (Cuba).png|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Suqi]]&lt;br /&gt;
|05 May 2026&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/1268387836835397653/1501285766452740287&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Incumbent&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Footnotes==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=United_%C5%8Aations_Office_for_Cartography&amp;diff=39549</id>
		<title>United Ŋations Office for Cartography</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=United_%C5%8Aations_Office_for_Cartography&amp;diff=39549"/>
		<updated>2026-05-05T18:01:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: /* List of UŊCO world map cartographers */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:OfC-logo.svg|thumb|alt=Logo|Logo since May 2025]]&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;United Ŋations Office for Cartography&#039;&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;&#039;OfC&#039;&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;&#039;UŊCO&#039;&#039;&#039;) is an office of the [[United Ŋations]] whose job is keeping a political map of [[Nguhcraft]] up-to-date. The release date at the top left of the map was based on Central European Time. The first and current UŊ cartographer is [[Marcy I|Marcy Sheikah]], who has created the first ever political maps of Nguhcraft before quitting due to technical limitations on 24 April 2024. Since then [[Ætérnal]] had been maintaining the primary map of Nguhcraft until 5 December 2024. Having created the participation map for the [[Nguhrovision Song Contest 2024]], Sheikah returned to create of similar, more minimalist recent political maps of Nguhcraft. [[Zendrid]] also works for the office, having created the locator maps for this Wiki.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Most recent political map==&lt;br /&gt;
The following are the two versions of the most recent official political map of Nguhcraft, created on &#039;&#039;16 February 2026&#039;&#039; by [[Marcy Sheikah]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhcraft-map-satellite.png|Political satellite map of Nguhcraft by Marcy Sheikah&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhcraft-map.png|Political map of Nguhcraft by Marcy Sheikah&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other maps==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhcraft-map-blank-with-borders.png|Blank map of Nguhcraft with borders by Marcy Sheikah&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhcraft-land-map.png|Blank map of Nguhcraft without borders by Marcy Sheikah&lt;br /&gt;
File:Ocean map.png|Blank map of Nguhcraft with major bodies of water by Marcy Sheikah and Suqi&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhrovision-map.png|The official map for participants of the [[Nguhrovision Song Contest 2024]] was being kept up to date by Marcy Sheikah from the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhrovision-2025-map.png|The official map for participants of the [[Nguhrovision Song Contest 2025]] is being kept up to date by Marcy Sheikah from the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
File:Version-map.png|A map of Minecraft versions by region drawn by Marcy Sheikah from the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
File:UŊ Map.webp|The latest version of Ætérnal&#039;s &#039;&#039;&#039;UŊ Map&#039;&#039;&#039; from 5 December 2024&lt;br /&gt;
File:Ung-members-map.png|The official map of members of the [[United Ŋations]] is being kept up to date by [[Zendrid]] from the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
File:Nguhcraft minimap aylongam.png|The minimaps for this Wiki are being kept up to date by Zendrid from the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
File:Cenrail2.png|The official rail diagram of Nguhcraft is being kept up to date by [[sq]] from [[Cenrail (company)|Cenrail]] and the UŊ Office for Cartography.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Ætérnal&#039;s december 2024 world map==&lt;br /&gt;
Due to technical limitations, the version of the map shown on this wiki is only a preview of the actual map. The actual map is a 16000×16000 image that, even when compressed using lossy compression with some of the better image compression formats, still takes up ~100MB of space, which is why the latest version of the map is instead hosted on nguh.org:&lt;br /&gt;
* 1:2 version (WEBP, {{#nguhstaticfilesize:mc/map.webp}}): https://www.nguh.org/static/mc/map.webp&lt;br /&gt;
* 1:1 version (WEBP, lossless, {{#nguhstaticfilesize:mc/map-full-size.webp}}): https://www.nguh.org/static/mc/map-full-size.webp&lt;br /&gt;
* Background (JPEG XL, lossless, {{#nguhstaticfilesize:mc/map.jxl}}): https://www.nguh.org/static/mc/map.jxl&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Ung-office-for-cartography-logo.webp|thumb|alt=Old logo|Previous logo in use until 23 May 2025]]&lt;br /&gt;
The first post-[[The Raid|raid]] attempt at a political map of Nguhcraft was the &#039;&#039;Big Map&#039;&#039; made by self-proclaimed &#039;&#039;Map Nerd&#039;&#039; and Quing of Kyaw Cen Marcy I on 2 January 2024, one month before the founding of the UŊ. Marcy Sheikah was the first person to maintain the UŊ Official Map when the United Ŋations Office for Cartography was later established. However, she de facto resigned on 24 April 2024 due to her computer having problems editing the map since it is so large, and Ætérnal has been maintaining the map until 2025, when Sheikah returned to making political maps of Nguhcraft.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;UŊ Official Map&#039;&#039;&#039;, full-size version ({{#nguhstaticfilesize:mc/marcy-ung-map.png}}): https://www.nguh.org/static/mc/marcy-ung-map.png&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File:Marcy-ung-map-small.png|The last version of the &#039;&#039;&#039;UŊ Official Map&#039;&#039;&#039; by Marcy from 24 April 2024&lt;br /&gt;
File:Big-map.png|First edition of the &#039;&#039;&#039;Big Map&#039;&#039;&#039;, the predecessor to the UŊ Official Map&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== United Ŋations geoscheme ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Continents.png|thumb|alt=Map of continents on Nguhcraft by [[Marcy Sheikah]]|Map of continents on Nguhcraft by [[Marcy Sheikah]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Continent}}&lt;br /&gt;
The United Ŋations geoscheme suggested by Marcy Sheikah on 06 May 2024 divides the world into 11 superŋational regions (or &#039;&#039;continents&#039;&#039;). Most names of those continents are only supposed to be temporary: On 23 January 2025, the continent of [[Cornertopia]] was divided in two halves, Tardigradia and Aŋtarctica, changing the number of continents to 12.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Aŋtarctica]] (formerly considered part of &#039;&#039;[[Cornertopia]]&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Archipelagia]] (formerly &#039;&#039;Greenland&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gaarlann]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gadicinta]] (formerly &#039;&#039;Balloon World&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hlambigla]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Land of Chaos]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Leporia (continent)|Leporia]] (formerly &#039;&#039;Leporia Land&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ŋafrica]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Slabland]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tardigradia]] (formerly considered part of &#039;&#039;[[Cornertopia]]&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Thasusa]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ʡeteria]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==List of UŊCO world map cartographers==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Photo !! Name !! From !! Until&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Marcy-cat.png|120px|frameless]] || [[File:Kyaw-cen-banner.png|link=[[Kyaw Cen]]|15px]] [[Marcy Sheikah]] || 02 January 2024&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/835185858864218122/1191543350663331870&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || 24 April 2024&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/767569743229747220/1232765440728502355&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Aeternal-talking.png|120px|frameless]] || [[File:Old_kingdom_banner.png|link=[[Old Kingdom]]|15px]] [[Ætérnal]] || 24 April 2024&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/767569743229747220/1232767442426658876&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || 5 December 2024 &#039;&#039;(last map)&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;29 April 2025 &#039;&#039;(formally)&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/767569743229747220/1366893090110967899&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[File:Marcy-cat.png|120px|frameless]] || [[File:Kyaw-cen-banner.png|link=[[Kyaw Cen]]|15px]] Marcy Sheikah || 21 April 2025 &#039;&#039;(first map)&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/1268387836835397653/1363964456664563822&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;29 April 2025 &#039;&#039;(formally)&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/767569743229747220/1366893090110967899&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || &#039;&#039;Incumbent&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Suqi&#039;s skin.png|left|frameless|165x165px]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Banner of Coldba (Cuba).png|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Suqi]]&lt;br /&gt;
|05 May 2026&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/1268387836835397653/1501280409269567732&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Incumbent&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Footnotes==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects&amp;diff=39530</id>
		<title>Trace Deeplects</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects&amp;diff=39530"/>
		<updated>2026-05-05T04:36:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: /* Noun Class */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Trace Deeplects&#039;&#039;&#039; are incomplete portions of languages that have been detected in experiments attempting to verif’ the [[Deep Dimensional]] theory. While the strongest evidence for Deep Dimensional is the languages that have inexplicably appeared, [[MARA]] experiments have found trace amounts of languages in their investigations, giving it more credibility. However, measurement error is not ruled out. This article will contain all the information on every Trace Deeplect. Trace Deeplects are listed in order of their negative discovery.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -E ==&lt;br /&gt;
Pink: coda only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Green: onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Purple: word-medial onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uncolored: any position&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Pharyngeal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|mʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;mj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʰʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;tj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ku&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |t &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;dj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;gu&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ʔ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;fj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |s &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ɕ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;sjj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |x &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|xʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;xj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |h &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |sː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ss&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |ɕ̟ː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ssj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |ɾ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;wj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|w &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;wu&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
kʷʰ kʷ w &amp;gt; pʰ p b / _($)(C)o&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
|i &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|iː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ī&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|eː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ē&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|oː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ō&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|aː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ā&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Noun Class ===&lt;br /&gt;
The following are classes for nouns.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -o: blooming flower (associated with life, vulnerability, singular success, youth, love (all kinds), the self, spirit, soul, novelty, beginnings)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ui: withering flower (associated with death, ends, cumulative success, maturity, wisdom, knowledge)&lt;br /&gt;
# -enj: day (associated with colors, grandeur, vastness, the sea, water, light)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ī: night (associated with darkness, sleep, dreams, black vs. white, simplicity, revelation)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The following are classes for verbs, adjectives, adverbs and particles that agree with nouns. Adverbs agree with the topic noun. Verbs agree with the patient noun when it is animate. Verbs agree with the agent noun if the patient noun is inanimate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -i, -e, -yV: cute&lt;br /&gt;
# -a, -ā, -akj: beautiful&lt;br /&gt;
# -n: alien&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Particles for verbs are marked for familiar (cute and beautiful are merged), and alien classes but unpredictably. These agree with the verb.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -D ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Prepalatal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Prevelar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Postvelar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Emphatic&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Emphatic&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|mˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n &#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|nˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ̟ &#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṗh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʰʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;cv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;kv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lax&lt;br /&gt;
|p &#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|pˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṗ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t &#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ &#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡ &#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;qw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tense&lt;br /&gt;
|b &#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|bˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḍ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʷʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Continuant&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s &#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ &#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;šw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ç &#039;&#039;&#039;hy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|xʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ &#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;xw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|h &#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|hʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;hw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l &#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|w &#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ &#039;&#039;&#039;ġ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ġw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r &#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʀ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṛ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Syllabic Consonants ====&lt;br /&gt;
Syllabic consonants are romanized as double letters only when adjacent to two vowels or a nonsyllabic variant of each other.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Prepalatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Postvelar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;m, mm&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;n, nn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋ, ŋŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;s, ss&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;š, šš&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|x̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫ, ḫḫ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ̍ &#039;&#039;&#039;x, xx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħ, ħħ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;l, ll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;r, rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Central&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e &#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ &#039;&#039;&#039;oy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o &#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Near-Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɐ &#039;&#039;&#039;ay&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a &#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pitch-Accent ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -D uses seven pitch accents: high (ā [ꜛaꜜ]), mid (a [a]), low (ȧ [ꜜaꜛ]), falling (à [ꜛâꜜ]), rising (á [ǎꜛ]), high-falling (â [âꜜ]), and dipping (ǎ [â]), which can be placed on any mora except for the final one. All vowels and all syllabic consonants can receive a pitch accent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;High&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent gives only one mora a high tone while the rest have low tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Mid&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent makes a word retain low tone throughout (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Low&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent gives one more a low tone while the rest have high tone (H-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-H)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Falling&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes the tone of one mora from high to low while the rest of the morae have a low tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HL&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Rising&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes one mora&#039;s tone from low to high while the preceding morae have a low tone and the following morae have a high tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;LH&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-H)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;High-falling&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes one mora&#039;s tone from high to mid while the preceding morae have a high tone and the following morae have a low tone (H-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HM&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Dipping&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes the tone of one mora from high to low while the rest of the morae have a mid tone (M-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HL&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-M)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
(C)V&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Three of the same phoneme cannot occur in a row; syllabic consonants count as consonants in this rule.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
E: /e/, [i ɪ e̞ ɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Y: /ɲ̟ c̟ʰ c̟ʰʷ c̟ c̟ʷ c̟ʼ c̟ʷʼ ɕ ɕʷ ç j/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# /C₁C̩₁ C̩₁C₁/ = [C₁ːː C₁ːː]&lt;br /&gt;
# /C̩V VC̩/ = [CːV VCː]&lt;br /&gt;
# /e ɵ o/ = [e̞ ɵ̞ o̞]&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ o̞ ɵ̞ → ɛ ɞ ɔ / {_#,#_%,V_%}&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → ɪ ɵ ʊ ɘ ɜ / _Cː&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → i ʉ u ɨ ə / _Cːː&lt;br /&gt;
# ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → ø̞ ɵ̞ æ̝ æ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ɞ ɔ → œ ɞ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ʊ ɵ ɘ ɜ → ʉ̞ ø e ɛ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# u ʉ ɨ ə → ʉ y ɪ e̞ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ(ʷ) → ɴ(ʷ) / _{a,ɐ,ɔ,o,ʊ}&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ(ʷ) → ɴ(ʷ) / {a,ɐ,ɔ,o,ʊ}_%&lt;br /&gt;
# C̩[-labial] → C̩[-labial]ʷ / C[+labial]_&lt;br /&gt;
# F̩[-voice] → F̩[+voice] / C[+voice]_&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Word Formation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -D&#039;s word formation is unusual. The etymology of words comes from an abstract dimension where tracing the language consistently to its proto-form becomes impossible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -C ṡżṠŻǎǔǐěǒẽĩũẙů ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonemic Inventory ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Onsets ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Coronal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Peripheral&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|nː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|mː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|tʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|kˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|tː&lt;br /&gt;
|tʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|kː&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|kˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|sʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|sː&lt;br /&gt;
|sʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|lʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|lʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|lˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Nuclei ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Coronal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Occlusive&lt;br /&gt;
!Spread glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|ḿ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|ń̩&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̩́&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Constricted glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|m̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|ǹ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Continuant&lt;br /&gt;
!Spread glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŕ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ó&lt;br /&gt;
|é&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Constricted glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ò&lt;br /&gt;
|è&lt;br /&gt;
|à&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# (C)V&lt;br /&gt;
# Geminates can only occur word-medially&lt;br /&gt;
# Syllabic obstruents cannot immediately precede a syllabic resonant.&lt;br /&gt;
# /n̩/ and /ŋ̩/ cannot be word-intial.&lt;br /&gt;
# Syllabic nasals can only be adjacent to vowels or other syllabic nasals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Secondary articulations in onsets are typically contained within the time of articulation of the main articulation. There may be an onglide, but never an offglide.&lt;br /&gt;
# Secondary articulations in nuclei very often result in an offglide, which is fricated in the case of aspirated consonants.&lt;br /&gt;
# Tenuis syllabic obstruents are geminated.&lt;br /&gt;
# /t͡sʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) s̩ʷ(ː) sʲ(ː) s̩ʲ(ː)/ are realized as [t͜s͡ɸ(ː) s͡ɸ(ː) s̩͡ɸ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɕ̩(ː)]&lt;br /&gt;
# /e o/ become [ɛ ɔ] following a pharyngealized consonant.&lt;br /&gt;
# /a/ becomes [e] after /e/, except when /e/ is [ɛ], then /a/ becomes [ɛ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /a/ becomes [o] after /o/, except when /o/ is [ɔ], then /a/ becomes [ɔ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /e/ becomes [i] after /e/.&lt;br /&gt;
# /o/ becomes [u] after /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /t(ː) t͡s(ː) s(ː) l n h/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ ɲ ç] and /e/ becomes [i].&lt;br /&gt;
#* /tʲ(ː) t͡sʲ(ː) sʲ(ː) lʲ/ merge with /t(ː) t͡s(ː) s(ː) l/ before /e/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tʷ(ː) t͡sʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) lʷ/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ] and /e/ becomes [y].&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tˤ(ː) t͡sˤ(ː) sˤ(ː) lˤ/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ] and /e/ becomes [ɛ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /t(ː) s(ː) l n h/ become [p(ː) s͡ɸ(ː) ⱱ̟ m ʍ] before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
#* /tʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) lʷ/ merge with /t(ː) s(ː) l/ before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
#* /n/ merges with [m] before /o/, but /nː/ remains [nː].&lt;br /&gt;
# /tʲ(ː) lʲ/ become [pʲ(ː) ⱱ̟ʲ] before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tˤ(ː) lˤ/ precede /o/, they become [pˤ(ː) ⱱ̟ˤ] and /o/ becomes [ɔ].&lt;br /&gt;
# Word-initial /m̩/ assimilates to the place of articulation of the last phone of the previous word. If it cannot do so, it assimilates to the place of articulation of the following phone. If it cannot do so either, it remains [m̩].&lt;br /&gt;
# Word-initial /m̩/ experiences sandhi from the tone of the previous word&#039;s final syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
# /r̩/ becomes [l̩] when next to a vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
# Low tones become falling tones when preceded by only one phonemic high tone.&lt;br /&gt;
# High tones become rising tones when preceded by only one phonemic low tone.&lt;br /&gt;
# Low tones merge with high tones when preceded by a rising tone&lt;br /&gt;
# High tones merge with low tones when preceded by a falling tone&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Romanization ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Onsets&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Nuclei&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![m]&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
![mː]&lt;br /&gt;
|mm&lt;br /&gt;
![í]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
![ì]&lt;br /&gt;
|ī&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![n]&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
![nː]&lt;br /&gt;
|nn&lt;br /&gt;
![ý]&lt;br /&gt;
|ü&lt;br /&gt;
![ỳ]&lt;br /&gt;
|û&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|nj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
![é]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
![è]&lt;br /&gt;
|ē&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
![ɛ́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ë&lt;br /&gt;
![ɛ̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|ê&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![p]&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
![pː]&lt;br /&gt;
|pp&lt;br /&gt;
![á]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
![à]&lt;br /&gt;
|ā&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![pʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|pj&lt;br /&gt;
![pʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ppj&lt;br /&gt;
![ú]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
![ù]&lt;br /&gt;
|ū&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![pˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|pg&lt;br /&gt;
![pˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ppg&lt;br /&gt;
![ó]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
![ò]&lt;br /&gt;
|ō&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t]&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
![tː]&lt;br /&gt;
|tt&lt;br /&gt;
![ɔ́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ö&lt;br /&gt;
![ɔ̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|ô&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tv&lt;br /&gt;
![tʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttv&lt;br /&gt;
![ḿ̩, ḿ̩ʲ, ḿ̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ym&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;⟨y⟩ may optionally be omitted if the syllabic consonant follows a vowel but does not precede one.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![m̩̀, m̩̀ʲ, m̩̀ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tj&lt;br /&gt;
![tʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttj&lt;br /&gt;
![ń̩, ń̩ʷ, ń̩ʲ, ń̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yn&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ǹ̩, ǹ̩ʷ, ǹ̩ʲ, ǹ̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’n&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tg&lt;br /&gt;
![tˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttg&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ̩́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ynj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’nj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![c]&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
![cː]&lt;br /&gt;
|cc&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ̩́, ŋ̩́ʷ, ŋ̩́ʲ, ŋ̩́ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yng&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ̩̀, ŋ̩̀ʷ, ŋ̩̀ʲ, ŋ̩̀ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’ng&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![k]&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
![kː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kk&lt;br /&gt;
![ŕ̩]&lt;br /&gt;
|yr&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![r̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kv&lt;br /&gt;
![kʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkv&lt;br /&gt;
![ĺ̩]&lt;br /&gt;
|yl&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![l̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kj&lt;br /&gt;
![kʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkj&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʷʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ytv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’tv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kg&lt;br /&gt;
![kˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkg&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʲʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ytj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’tj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡s]&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zz&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yt&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’t&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͜s͡ɸ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zv&lt;br /&gt;
![t͜s͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzv&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʷʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ykv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’kv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zj&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzj&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʲʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ykj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’kj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zg&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzg&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yk&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![c͡ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|x&lt;br /&gt;
![c͡ɕː]&lt;br /&gt;
|xx&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩͡ɸʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ysv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’sv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![s]&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
![sː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ss&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ys&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’s&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![s͡ɸ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sv&lt;br /&gt;
![s͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssv&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ̩ʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ysj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ̩ː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’sj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![sˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sg&lt;br /&gt;
![sˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sj&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ç]&lt;br /&gt;
|hj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ʍ]&lt;br /&gt;
|hv&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![h]&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟]&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟ʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|bj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|bg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![l]&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lv&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vocabulary ===&lt;br /&gt;
mākvylo (car) {{Ipa|/màkʷŕ̩ó/ [ma˩kʷl̩˩˥o˥]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
haerī (bicycle) {{Ipa|/háélì/ [ha˥e˥ɾi˥˩]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
boccü (dog) {{Ipa|/lótʷːé/ [ⱱ̟o˥cːy˥]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
mō’kv (person) {{Ipa|/mòk̩ʷː/ [mo˩k̩ːʷ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
akām (dot) {{Ipa|/ákàm̩̀/ [a˥ka˥˩m̩˩]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -B ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |PULMONIC&lt;br /&gt;
CONSONANTS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Pharyngeal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|m~w̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n~ɾ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ~j̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ~ɰ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀm&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|b͡pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;bp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ d͡tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;th dt&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲʰ d͡tʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ch dc&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|qʰ ɡ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kh gk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ d͡tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t’ dt’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲʼ d͡tʲʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’ dc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ ɢ͡qʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’ gk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!implosive&lt;br /&gt;
|ɓ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;b’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|b͡β&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;bv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cs&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ͡ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;yy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡x ɡ͡ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kx gx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡t͜sʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ds&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡t͜ɕʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dcs&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡k͜xʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ɕʼ d͡t͜ɕʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cs’ dcs’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡xʼ ɡ͡k͜xʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kx’ gx’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|β&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɮ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ ɮʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s zy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|x~χ ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|w~b&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|l~d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ~ɡ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʜ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
p ś ł ṭ ṣ j&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |CLICKS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Prealveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nśh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nłh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;njh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mp’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; |Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!delayed release&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;pk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|‼͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼋͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;pk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|‼͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼋͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gśh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;głh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gjh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gp’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!VOWELS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|i̝&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ii&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|u̝&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|i~ɪ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|u~ʊ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ə ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ẹ  oy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɞ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ọy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ọ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ạ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Words can either be monosyllabic and contain contour or level tones, or be polysyllabic and only contain level tones.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!TONES&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
|H&lt;br /&gt;
|HM&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|M&lt;br /&gt;
|ML&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|LM&lt;br /&gt;
|L&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -A ==&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -A is intended to create a manner of communication that involves very little complexity, whether that be phonological, grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic, and therefore easy and intuitive to learn from any linguistic background. Words do not take on parts of speech (noun, verb, etc.) or grammatical roles (subject, object, etc.) typical of natural languages. The syntactic structure is based purely on the relationships of emphasized words, unemphasized words, and pauses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Vocabulary&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* small: ki&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe small size, quantity, height, social position, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* big: on&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe large size, quantity, height, social position, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* move: ne&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe living things, fluids, motion, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* stay: at&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe unmoving things, solids, the ground, some locations, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* subject: e (subject of discussion, not gramamtical subject)&lt;br /&gt;
* not: su&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Syntax&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; = unemphasized word; &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; = emphasized word&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* uE: &#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; performs as a topic, &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; performs as a comment modifying the topic.&lt;br /&gt;
* Eu: &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; performs as a novel topic, &#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; performs as a comment modifying the novel topic.&lt;br /&gt;
* u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks plurality&lt;br /&gt;
* E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks emphasis&lt;br /&gt;
* u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;/E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks addition or comparison depending on context&lt;br /&gt;
* Lack of pauses indicate a continuous idea.&lt;br /&gt;
* Brief pauses (marked with commas) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the previous one.&lt;br /&gt;
* Medial pauses (marked with periods ) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the multiple previous ideas. Which previous ideas they are is left up to context.&lt;br /&gt;
* Long pauses (marked with elipses) indicate the beginning of an idea unrelates to the previous ones.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Expressions&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Ownership is expressed with &amp;quot;e ON e KI&amp;quot;, translating to &amp;quot;This is big and/but that is small.&amp;quot; This can also be used to compare sizes or quantities of &amp;quot;this&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;that&amp;quot;, depending on context.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big and small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e on e ki&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This, a big thing, that, and a small thing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON E KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big, the other thing, and small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON, e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big, meanwhile that is small.&amp;quot; This is more often used for comparison of the sizes between &amp;quot;this&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;that&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON. e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;...and this is big. Additionally, that is small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;E on, e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;As for this, this is big, and/but that is small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;E on e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;As for this, this is big and the other thing. There is also a small thing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -9 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonant ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Laryngeal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m̥&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑʇ&lt;br /&gt;
|n̥&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;mh/ṁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nh/ṅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ny/ņ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ňh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|bʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏʇʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|dʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʰʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;bh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǰh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ķh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|tɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|cʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;č&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǰ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ķ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Rhinoglottic&lt;br /&gt;
|pʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵐb&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏʇˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ⁿd&lt;br /&gt;
|tɕʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᶮɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᶮɟʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑg&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑgʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|kᶣʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑgᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;pp&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nb&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;tt&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nd&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;cc&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;jj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǰ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kk&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ḱḱ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǵ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩǩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ&lt;br /&gt;
|β&lt;br /&gt;
|θ~s̪&lt;br /&gt;
|ð~z̪&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|ç&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|çʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ç&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ś&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ź&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ž&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǵ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l̥&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ̞&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;lh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tap&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥ᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;rh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;řh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ř&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŗh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŗ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Unround&lt;br /&gt;
!Round&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|ỹ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɨ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɨ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʊ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;õ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|ẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|ø̃&lt;br /&gt;
|ɘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ẽ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ë&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|ɛ~æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɔ~ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Grammar ===&lt;br /&gt;
Nouns usually have either feminine or masculine gender. Nouns and proper nouns referring to people can have feminine, masculine, or femasculine. Proper nouns not referring to people are always femasculine. There is some precedent for nouns or proper nouns with the opposite gender that they&#039;re supposed to have being used for alternative versions of the original word. This is primarily used in fiction and physics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -9 has a complex way of marking gender, topic, number, transitivity, specificity, and adjectives that makes them interconnected.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc //-bʰi//, //-te//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem //-ⁿd//, //-l//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc //-bʰiⁿd//, //-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Noun Declensions (&#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Topic within noun phrase&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Topic not within noun phrase&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Subject&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Object&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Subject&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Object&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Noun Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjective Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Noun Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjective Topic&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Generic&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |V &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Singular&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadte&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachte&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaach&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaach&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhal&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhol&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhon&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhon&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadtel&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachontel&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachon&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaachon&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadte&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhite&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhal&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhandal&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadtel&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhindel&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Plural&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Distributive&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Verbs&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Intransitive&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjectives&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the following charts, small asterisked words are atypical declensions.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nouns&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Singular&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Singular&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Singular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//Ø//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ⁿd//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-bʰi//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-bʰiⁿd//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-l//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-te//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-on//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-js//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-json//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!friend&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽnd&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽl&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽte&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽtel&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽon&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽys&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!watermelon&lt;br /&gt;
|vilh&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilnd&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*vill&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhte&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhon&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhx&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!sun&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁ&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńamnd&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaml&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁte&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁon&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁx&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!moon&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗnd&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗl&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhte&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhon&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhx&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!day&lt;br /&gt;
|ma&lt;br /&gt;
|mand&lt;br /&gt;
|*mabhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*mabhind&lt;br /&gt;
|mal&lt;br /&gt;
|*mate&lt;br /&gt;
|*matel&lt;br /&gt;
|maon&lt;br /&gt;
|*mays&lt;br /&gt;
|*mayson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!night&lt;br /&gt;
|bhai&lt;br /&gt;
|bhaind&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaibhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaibhind&lt;br /&gt;
|bhail&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaite&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaitel&lt;br /&gt;
|bhaion&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaiys&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaiyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!day sky&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩnd&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩl&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩte&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩtel&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩon&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩys&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!night sky&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;att&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attand&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;attibhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attibhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attal&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;atte&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attel&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;atton&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;attis&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attison&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!cloud&lt;br /&gt;
|lhä&lt;br /&gt;
|lhänd&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|lhäl&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäte&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhätel&lt;br /&gt;
|lhäon&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäys&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!paper&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũnd&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;bhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;bhind&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũl&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;te&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;tel&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũ&#039;on&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;x&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;xon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!computer&lt;br /&gt;
|zhoto&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotond&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotobhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotobhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotol&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotote&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhototel&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotoon&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotoys&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotoyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!person&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadh&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhand&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhal&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadte&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadtel&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhon&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhx&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Verbs&lt;br /&gt;
!Intransitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//Ø//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-r̥//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ʊ̃//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ʊ̃r̥//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!like&lt;br /&gt;
|qad&lt;br /&gt;
|qatŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|qadõ&lt;br /&gt;
|qadõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!want&lt;br /&gt;
|chëk&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkõ&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!have&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!give&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõ&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõõ&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!receive/take&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;e&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!eat/drink&lt;br /&gt;
|mäx&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxõ&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!breathe&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhim&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!say&lt;br /&gt;
|ää&lt;br /&gt;
|ääŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ääõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ääõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!sing&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!go to&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!leave&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Adjectives&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//-β//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-i//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ɥ//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-l//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-te//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!happy&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaav&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaai&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaaw&lt;br /&gt;
|zaal&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaate&lt;br /&gt;
|zaatel&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!blue&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëv&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëi&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëw&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵël&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëte&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëtel&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -8 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!C&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
!V&lt;br /&gt;
!Non-Back&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* VS̥ʰ VS̬ʰ &amp;gt; V́S̥ V̀S̥ / _%&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)V(C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: any consonant except /ʔ h ɦ/&lt;br /&gt;
* V: any vowel&lt;br /&gt;
* C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: any consonant&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Transliterations ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Latin ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Kana ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|Ø}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;い&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ミ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;み&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ニ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;に&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;び&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ち&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぢ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;き&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぎ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;し&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;キ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ギ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゐ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;り&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;いぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;う&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;む&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぬ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぷ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;び&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;つ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;づ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;く&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぐ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ク&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;グ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;うぅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;る&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゆ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;え&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;メ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;め&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ネ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ね&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;べ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;て&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;で&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;け&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;げ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ケ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゲ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゑ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;れ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;いぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;お&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;モ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;も&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ノ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;の&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぽ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;と&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ど&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;こ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ご&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぉ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぉ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;コ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;を&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ろ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;よ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;あ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;マ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ま&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ナ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;な&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぱ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ば&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;た&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;だ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;か&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;が&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;カ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ガ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;わ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ら&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;や&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|Ø}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ニ゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;プ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ブ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ト&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ド&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ク゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ん&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;っ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;フ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;シ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ジ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ホ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ン&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゝ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゞ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ウ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ル&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;イ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -7 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect-7 divides words into 3 categories depending on how they can be perceived by the senses: proximal sensation, distal sensation, and general sensation. Deeplect -7-speakers recognize 6 senses in terms of these divisions: sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, and memory. The emotional sense refers to an individual being made to feel an emotion. The memorial sense refers to an individual forming a memory or recalling past memories.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Proximal sensation includes things whose perception is limited to a close range:&lt;br /&gt;
** any object by its texture&lt;br /&gt;
** whispering by sound&lt;br /&gt;
** blood by flavor&lt;br /&gt;
** paper by scent&lt;br /&gt;
** small insects by sight&lt;br /&gt;
** a dream by memory&lt;br /&gt;
* Distal sensation includes things whose perception is &#039;&#039;&#039;not&#039;&#039;&#039; limited to a close range:&lt;br /&gt;
** weather by its temperature&lt;br /&gt;
** shouting by sound&lt;br /&gt;
** chocolate by expectation-induced flavor&lt;br /&gt;
** a fart by scent&lt;br /&gt;
** a building by sight&lt;br /&gt;
** a bear at a zoo by memory&lt;br /&gt;
* General sensation always includes the conceptualization of an object, and senses that are more strongly associated with the concept of it than the sensation of it. Some objects have no associated sensations with them such as&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Often, what translates to a single word in English is split into two or three words depending on how they are experienced in a sentence.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Vocabulary List&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Deeplect -7&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |English&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Word&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Translation&lt;br /&gt;
!Context&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|general: &#039;&#039;visual, conceptual&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[sâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|distal: &#039;&#039;auditory, memorial&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[θâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|proximal: &#039;&#039;tactile, olfactory, gustatory&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -6 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Every word is 6 morae long.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -5 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -5 has a small consonant inventory with about half of its consonants being clicks. This small size is made up for in extreme allophony.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Dental&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Pulmonic&lt;br /&gt;
!Stop&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|hʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Click&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
X language has two levels of stress: primary and secondary. Primary stress is marked with vowel length and can have a high, low, falling, or rising tone. Secondary stress is marked with either a high or low tone. Primary stress is word-initial, but secondary stress is lexical.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|ẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
(C)(G)V(C); C = consonant; G = /t ʔ w j/; Q = click; V = vowel&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# pʔ tʔ &amp;gt; pʼ tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
# p t c ʔ s &amp;gt; b d ɟ ʔ̞ z / _{i,e} !{#,C̥}_&lt;br /&gt;
# d ǃ &amp;gt; ɟ ǂ / _i&lt;br /&gt;
# w l j &amp;gt; m n ɲ / {Ṽ_,_Ṽ}&lt;br /&gt;
# n t &amp;gt; ŋ k / _{u,ũ}&lt;br /&gt;
# l &amp;gt; ɾ / _{u,o,a}&lt;br /&gt;
# V &amp;gt; Ṽ / ᵑQ_&lt;br /&gt;
# ᵑǀw ᵑǃj &amp;gt; ᵑʘ ᵑǂ&lt;br /&gt;
# hʲ / Ø !_{i,ĩ,e,ẽ}&lt;br /&gt;
# QC / Ø !QC=!w&lt;br /&gt;
# CCC VVV ṼV VṼ CQ jʔ hʲʔ / Ø&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Romanization ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Vowel&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/p/&lt;br /&gt;
![p]&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
![b]&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/i/&lt;br /&gt;
![i]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
![ĩ]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/t/&lt;br /&gt;
![t]&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
![d]&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
![ɟ]&lt;br /&gt;
|dj&lt;br /&gt;
![k]&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
!/ĩ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ĩ]&lt;br /&gt;
|in&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ʔ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
![ʔ̞]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/u/&lt;br /&gt;
![u]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
![ũ]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/s/&lt;br /&gt;
![s]&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
![z]&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/ũ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ũ]&lt;br /&gt;
|un&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/hʲ/&lt;br /&gt;
![hʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/e/&lt;br /&gt;
![e]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
![ẽ]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/w/&lt;br /&gt;
![w]&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
![m]&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/ẽ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ẽ]&lt;br /&gt;
|en&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/l/&lt;br /&gt;
![l]&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
![ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
![n]&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
!/o/&lt;br /&gt;
![o]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
![õ]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/j/&lt;br /&gt;
![j]&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|nj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/a/&lt;br /&gt;
![a]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
![ã]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|cn&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǃ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǃ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qn&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǂ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qny&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/H/&lt;br /&gt;
![H]&lt;br /&gt;
|¯&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǀʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǀʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ch&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/L/&lt;br /&gt;
![L]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǃʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǃʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qh&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qh&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/HL/&lt;br /&gt;
![HL]&lt;br /&gt;
|ˋ&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǀˀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǀˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|c&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/LH&lt;br /&gt;
![LH]&lt;br /&gt;
|´&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǃˀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǃˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|q&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǂˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|q&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǀw/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑʘ]&lt;br /&gt;
|cm&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǃj/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǂ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qny&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -4.5 ==&lt;br /&gt;
This is a naturalistic dialect of Deeplect -4, used for situations where Deeplect -4 would be required to be naturalistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
All consonants can be lengthened except for /r̥ ɽ͡r ˀɽ/. All velars become palatal or palatalized after front vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tʼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʈ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɖ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|g&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡x&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡xʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ð&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɽ͡r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀʟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels and Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels have one of four tones: high, low, falling, and rising. Falling and rising tones are closer to the middle range than high or low. High tone is accompanied by preaspiration. On a word-initial vowel, the preaspiration is breathy. The preaspiration is converted into voiceless aspiration on any preceding voiceless consonant, and breathy voice on any preceding voiced consonant. Low tone is accompanied by creaky voice on the vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels are separated into 2 classes based on their phonotactic behavior and evolutionary history. Class 1 vowels have no phonotactic restrictions other than that they cannot form diphthongs with each other. These vowels originated from the proto-language&#039;s 3-vowel system /e a o/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Class 2 vowels must be preceded or followed by a consonant, or both, and cannot be adjacent to a Class 1 vowel. Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs with each other. These diphthongs use the same tone system as other vowels. Diphthongs with consonants involve sliding articulation. Class 2 diphthongs cannot be adjacent to each other and adhere to the same restrictions as Class 2 monophthongs. They are excluded from the charts because all Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs (or long vowels) with another and it is not specially notated in romanization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are three romanizations systems for Deeplect -4 which differ in vowel and tone notation. The Vohnegien&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Name created by [[Janus]].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; notation prioritized representing historical pronunciation such as syllabic consonants and their descendants being written with an vowel-initial diagraph upon which tones would be marked with diacritics. Vohnegien notation is seen as more outdated by some, but still used by a few scattered Deeplect -4-speaking regions and by linguists.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vohnegien Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨V⟩ here is used to represent a vowel, not the letter V.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̄&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̀&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V́&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Gritchend&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; approached notation from a modern pronunciation in which diacritics are used on consonants to show syllabicity and on vowels to show vowel quality. Gritchend elected to romanize tones with unused consonant letters. Gritchend notation is broadly considered the modern notation of the language and is used in most formal and informal contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Gritchend Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ń&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ḿ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the interest of avoiding the use of diacritics altogether, Vondenberg&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; combined the vowel notation of Vohnegien and tone notation of Gritchend. This more modern romanization is most often used in informal text messages and typing with decorative fonts, which often have poor diacritic support.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vondenberg Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -4 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
All consonants can be lengthened except for /r̥ ɽ͡r ˀɽ/.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tʼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʈ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|cʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɖ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c͡ç&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c͡çʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ç&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ð&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɽ͡r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʎ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀʎ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels and Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels have one of four tones: high, low, falling, and rising. Falling and rising tones are closer to the middle range than high or low. High tone is accompanied by preaspiration. On a word-initial vowel, the preaspiration is breathy. The preaspiration is converted into voiceless aspiration on any preceding voiceless consonant, and breathy voice on any preceding voiced consonant. Low tone is accompanied by creaky voice on the vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels are separated into 2 classes based on their phonotactic behavior and evolutionary history. Class 1 vowels have no phonotactic restrictions other than that they cannot form diphthongs with each other. These vowels originated from the proto-language&#039;s 3-vowel system /e a o/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Class 2 vowels must be preceded or followed by a consonant, or both, and cannot be adjacent to a Class 1 vowel. Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs with each other. These diphthongs use the same tone system as other vowels. Diphthongs with consonants involve sliding articulation. Class 2 diphthongs cannot be adjacent to each other and adhere to the same restrictions as Class 2 monophthongs. They are excluded from the charts because all Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs (or long vowels) with another and it is not specially notated in romanization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are three romanizations systems for Deeplect -4 which differ in vowel and tone notation. The Vohnegien&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; notation prioritized representing historical pronunciation such as syllabic consonants and their descendants being written with an vowel-initial diagraph upon which tones would be marked with diacritics. Vohnegien notation is seen as more outdated by some, but still used by a few scattered Deeplect -4-speaking regions and by linguists.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vohnegien Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨V⟩ here is used to represent a vowel, not the letter V.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̄&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̀&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V́&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Gritchend&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; approached notation from a modern pronunciation in which diacritics are used on consonants to show syllabicity and on vowels to show vowel quality. Gritchend elected to romanize tones with unused consonant letters. Gritchend notation is broadly considered the modern notation of the language and is used in most formal and informal contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Gritchend Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ń&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ḿ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the interest of avoiding the use of diacritics altogether, Vondenberg&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; combined the vowel notation of Vohnegien and tone notation of Gritchend. This more modern romanization is most often used in informal text messages and typing with decorative fonts, which often have poor diacritic support.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vondenberg Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -3 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-Click Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar/Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Laryngeal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Stop&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|p &#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡θ &#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t &#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s &#039;&#039;&#039;ts&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡ &#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d &#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡z &#039;&#039;&#039;dz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡ʒ &#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|g &#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s’ &#039;&#039;&#039;ts’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;q’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|ɓ &#039;&#039;&#039;b’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ &#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ &#039;&#039;&#039;gh’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ &#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s &#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ &#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ &#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ &#039;&#039;&#039;ž&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;š’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n &#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|β̞ &#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|lː &#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|r &#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|r̝ &#039;&#039;&#039;rz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Allophony ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* /t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ʃʼ ʄ k ɡ kʼ ɠ/ become [k͡x g͡ɣ k͡xʼ ɠ q ɢ qʼ ʛ] before low or back vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Click Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;mwh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘχ &#039;&#039;&#039;mwx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nzh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nzx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nkh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nllh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nllx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;njh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂχ &#039;&#039;&#039;njx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;mw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;wm&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;zn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;nk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;kn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;nll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;lln&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;jn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ploded&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;mw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘq &#039;&#039;&#039;mwq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀq &#039;&#039;&#039;nzq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃq &#039;&#039;&#039;nkq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁq &#039;&#039;&#039;nllq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂq &#039;&#039;&#039;njq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;wch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qʘχ &#039;&#039;&#039;wx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;zch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǀχ &#039;&#039;&#039;zx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;kch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǃχ &#039;&#039;&#039;kx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;llch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǁχ &#039;&#039;&#039;llx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;jch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǂχ &#039;&#039;&#039;jx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘx &#039;&#039;&#039;gwx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀx &#039;&#039;&#039;gzx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃx &#039;&#039;&#039;gkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁx &#039;&#039;&#039;gllx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂx &#039;&#039;&#039;gjx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;wh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;zh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;llh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gwh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gzh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gkh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gllh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gjh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘq &#039;&#039;&#039;wq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;cz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀq &#039;&#039;&#039;zq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;ck&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃq &#039;&#039;&#039;kq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;cll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁq &#039;&#039;&#039;llq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂq &#039;&#039;&#039;jq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;wg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;zg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;gk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;kg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;gll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;llg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;jg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;w’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;z’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;ll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;j’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gkʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gck’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;wc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;wq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;zc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;zq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;kc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;kq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;llc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;llq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
An apostrophe is placed between grapheme clusters that may be confused with whole graphemes, e.g. ⟨amwha⟩ is /a.ŋʘʰa/ and ⟨am’wha⟩ is /am.kʘʰa/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
The vowel qualities are /i u e o a ã/ ⟨i u e o a ã⟩, with the long vowels /iː uː ɛː ɔː ɑː ãː/ ⟨ī ū ē ō ā ãa⟩ and overlong vowels /iːː uːː eːːː oːːː aːːː ãːːː/ ⟨ii uu ee oo aa ãā⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The possible diphthongs are /ei eo oe oi ou oa ue ua ai ae au ao oã uã ãi ãe ãu ão/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phonations include modal, breathy ⟨◌h⟩, creaky ⟨◌’⟩, (all three of which can be pharyngealized ⟨◌·⟩), and strident ⟨◌ħ⟩. A long vowels and diphthongs can contain more than one phonation, but short and overlong vowels cannot.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels can be -ATR or +ATR ⟨◌y⟩, corresponding to tongue root harmony. This harmony can change voiceless plain stops to breathy stops (except /p/ which becomes [b]). It is a progressive harmony that begins from the start of a root word and is blocked by ejective and uvular consonants. +ATR is only romanized on the first vowel of a root word.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Allophony ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Vowels are nasalized whenever adjacent to nasal phonemes. /ã/ merges with /a/, so ⟨ã⟩ is not used adjacent to nasal phonemes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -2 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labiodental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɱ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɴ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Tense&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̪̊}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̪̊ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’tw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̥ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɟ̊}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɟ̊ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɢ̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɢ̥ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʡ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lax&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’dhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ghw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ð}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ðʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ðw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|zʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʝ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʝʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;yw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʁ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʁʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;xw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʜ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Vibrant&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ⱱ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|r}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|rʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|l̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|l}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʎ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʟ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Non-Front&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|í}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;í&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ì}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɨ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ú&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɨ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|é}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;é&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|è}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɘ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ó&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɘ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɐ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;á&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɐ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -1 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Grammar&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Gloss&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Description&lt;br /&gt;
!Examples&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!CAUS.GNO&lt;br /&gt;
|jɾa-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;production, resultation, consequence (gnomic and nouns)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kesˈteltɔ jɾaˈmiawa (earth brings life)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!CAUS&lt;br /&gt;
|ko-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;caused (tense, verbs only)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kes&#039;teltɔ koˈmiawe̤ (earth is causing life to exist)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOA&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -e̤&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of agent, MOA). MOA verbs receive an adverb? auxiliary verb? after, showing the precise action taking place if it isn&#039;t clear from the primary verb (it would be clear if the prim. verb was &amp;quot;to go to&amp;quot; but not if it&#039;s &amp;quot;to water&amp;quot;). unclear primary verbs used without secondary verbs are said to simply &amp;quot;be occuring&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;be existing&amp;quot;.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːje̤ (approaching water)&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtelte̤ (kicking the ground)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOS&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -ʕu&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of secondary thing, MOS). MOS places the object after the verb. objects and &amp;quot;secondary verbs&amp;quot; (referenced above) do not differ in marking&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːjʕu (splashing water on someone/watering something)&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈteltʕu (kicking dirt at something/someone)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOP&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -a(ʕim)&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of patient, MOP). MOP places its object before the verb. -ʕim is only added for formality, emphasis, or syntactic disambiguation.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːja(ʕim) ~ spraying water around&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtela(ʕim) ~ kicking up dirt&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
whether a verb is conjugated to MOA/MOS/MOP is determined by which action the speaker wants to focus on the most, even though usually 2 or 3 of them will be actually occuring&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
topic pronouns (marked for person, number, and obviation) are clitics that attach to a particle with some of their grammatical information (cases).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV1 ~ ũ=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV2 ~ nã=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV3 ~ ˈdeu=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV1 ~ in=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV2 ~ ja̤=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV3 ~ tḛːŋ=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV1 ~ ki=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV2 ~ ɾḛj=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV3 ~ aːn=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.PL.INCL ~ eˈdo=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.PL.EXCL ~ kʼe=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.PL.INCL ~ ˈkimi=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.PL.EXCL ~ ˈhuku=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV1 ~ sto=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV2 ~ ˈmihi=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV3 ~ aˈdoː=&lt;br /&gt;
# REFL ~ pi&lt;br /&gt;
#* used in stuff like drinking(MOS), eating(MOS), etc.&lt;br /&gt;
# nominative ~ i&lt;br /&gt;
# vocative ~ -ʃa̤,ja̤/i&#039;ja̤&lt;br /&gt;
# benefactive ~ -(ɾ)e/ri&lt;br /&gt;
# malefactive ~ -ḛːse/ḛːse&lt;br /&gt;
# dative ~ -ãw/ŋaw&lt;br /&gt;
# commitative ~ -(k,ɡ,ʼ)iː/kiː&lt;br /&gt;
# instrumental ~ -(s,z)ãʰː/zãʰː&lt;br /&gt;
# other case particles can be derived using class-less variants of words, which can get prefixed to a non-topic noun&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* sometimes the particle may be used alone instead of the pronoun clitic.&lt;br /&gt;
* the pronoun clitic can be attached to a word to show stronger volition toward that aspect of the action described in the sentence (i.e. TOP=[verb] for showing stronger intent for the action than the object, or TOP=[object] for the opposite). stronger volition toward one aspect often implies weaker volition or intent toward the rest (TOP=[verb] may imply accidentally affecting the object, and TOP=[object] may imply accidentally performing the action, but meaning to do something to the object).&lt;br /&gt;
* both or either of the pronoun clitic and particle may be omitted. omission only occurs in the event of redundance.&lt;br /&gt;
* there is a subject case particle.&lt;br /&gt;
* other NPs are listed in the beginning of the sentence in order of decreasing relevance. their cases (and conjunctions) are expressed in affixes, not a particle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* every part of speech has its own set of classes (they do not correspond to each other).&lt;br /&gt;
* modifiers are added by affixing the modifiee&#039;s class suffix and changing the modifiee&#039;s suffix to -aː (this assumes all classes affixes will be suffixes but maybe i wont do that)&lt;br /&gt;
*# kesˈteltɔ &#039;&#039;modified by&#039;&#039; beˈʔaɾa (cooled lava ground) &amp;gt; kesˈtelt&#039;&#039;&#039;-ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; beˈʔa-ɾa &amp;gt; kesˈtelt-aː beˈʔa-ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039;-ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;gt; kesˈteltaː beˈʔaɔ&lt;br /&gt;
* noun classes (suffixes and prefixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -a, -ɔ ~ fluid, changing (animals, thoughts, breath, wind, clothing, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ɾa ~ dangerous (lava, fire, poisonous food, weapon used, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# zũː- ~ machinery (car, computer, lock, some weapons merely existing)&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ- ~ valuable natural item (diamond, gold, ivory)&lt;br /&gt;
# tʰe- ~ material for use (wood, paper, ink, glue, metal, cloth)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ʔiː ~ natural (plants, sun, moon, dirt, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# -nõ ~ human, human-related concept, or thing altered by humanity (person, domesticated animals, weapon created, gods from secular perspective)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* verb classes (suffixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -e ~&lt;br /&gt;
# -l ~&lt;br /&gt;
# -a ~&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* adjective/adverb classes (prefixes):&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;unmarked&#039;&#039; ~ quality&lt;br /&gt;
* xe- ~ identity&lt;br /&gt;
* o- ~ relation&lt;br /&gt;
* adposition classes (suffixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* when creating a phrase or description, go with more actually-occurs options before hypothetical or culturally-specific ones (i.e. kesˈteltaː beˈʔaɾɔ is a ground of cooled lava, not the ground being molten lava as is pretended in the game &amp;quot;the floor is lava&amp;quot;, since the former is more likely to be used in a real situation than the latter)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtelt&#039;&#039;&#039;ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈbiːj&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kṵː&#039;&#039;&#039;ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ fire&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈmiaw&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ life&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;zũː&#039;&#039;&#039;kũː ~ metal, mechanical&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;kʰ&#039;&#039;&#039;uːihu ~ gold&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
beˈʔa&#039;&#039;&#039;ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ lava&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;ːsʼaː ~ wood&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
liˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ plant&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
oˈŋãi&#039;&#039;&#039;nõ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ human&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
eˈumĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ love&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
çiː&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ emotion(s)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
xkiˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ think, mind&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;nũː ~ paper&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;ˈʔjul ~ ink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;zũː&#039;&#039;&#039;mãi ~ pen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
he ~ move to&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
iːl ~ move at/in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ɬaː ~ express, release, secrete&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈtʰeŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ visible attribute&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kɔʔj&#039;&#039;&#039;ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ color, shadow, brightness, angle&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
tḛjjɔ ~ red, hot pink, orange, brown, violet&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
vɾiː ~ yellow, orange, lime, beige, white, pink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ħaːn ~ green, lime, evergreen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈijaɲ ~ cyan, mint&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈṳba ~ blue, indigo, purple, black&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
naːˈħal ~ dark yellow, muddy green&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ħũːe ~ correct, factual, verified, verifiable&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects&amp;diff=39529</id>
		<title>Trace Deeplects</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects&amp;diff=39529"/>
		<updated>2026-05-05T04:33:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: /* Deeplect -E */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Trace Deeplects&#039;&#039;&#039; are incomplete portions of languages that have been detected in experiments attempting to verif’ the [[Deep Dimensional]] theory. While the strongest evidence for Deep Dimensional is the languages that have inexplicably appeared, [[MARA]] experiments have found trace amounts of languages in their investigations, giving it more credibility. However, measurement error is not ruled out. This article will contain all the information on every Trace Deeplect. Trace Deeplects are listed in order of their negative discovery.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -E ==&lt;br /&gt;
Pink: coda only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Green: onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Purple: word-medial onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uncolored: any position&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Pharyngeal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|mʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;mj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʰʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;tj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ku&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |t &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |tʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;dj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;gu&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |ʔ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;fj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |s &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ɕ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;sjj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |x &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|xʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;xj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; |ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #fde&amp;quot; |h &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |sː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ss&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #dcf&amp;quot; colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |ɕ̟ː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ssj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background-color: #def&amp;quot; |ɾ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;wj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|w &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;wu&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
kʷʰ kʷ w &amp;gt; pʰ p b / _($)(C)o&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
|i &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|iː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ī&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|eː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ē&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|oː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ō&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|aː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ā&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Noun Class ===&lt;br /&gt;
The following are classes for nouns.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -o: blooming flower (associated with life, vulnerability, singular success, youth, love (all kinds), the self, spirit, soul, novelty, beginnings)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ui: withering flower (associated with death, ends, cumulative success, maturity, wisdom, knowledge)&lt;br /&gt;
# -enj: day (associated with colors, grandeur, vastness, the sea, water, light)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ī: night (associated with darkness, sleep, dreams, black vs. white, simplicity, revelation)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The following are classes for verbs, adjectives, adverbs and particles that agree with nouns. Adverbs agree with the topic noun. Verbs agree with the patient noun when it is animate. Verbs agree with the agent noun if it is inanimate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -i, -e, -yV: cute&lt;br /&gt;
# -a, -ā, -akj: beautiful&lt;br /&gt;
# -n: alien&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Particles for verbs are marked for familiar (cute and beautiful are merged), and alien classes but unpredictably. These agree with the verb.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -D ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Prepalatal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Prevelar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Postvelar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Emphatic&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Emphatic&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|mˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n &#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|nˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ̟ &#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṗh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʰʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;cv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;kv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lax&lt;br /&gt;
|p &#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|pˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṗ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t &#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ &#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡ &#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;qw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tense&lt;br /&gt;
|b &#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|bˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḍ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʷʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Continuant&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s &#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ &#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;šw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ç &#039;&#039;&#039;hy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|xʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ &#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;xw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|h &#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|hʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;hw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l &#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|w &#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ &#039;&#039;&#039;ġ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ġw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r &#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʀ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṛ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Syllabic Consonants ====&lt;br /&gt;
Syllabic consonants are romanized as double letters only when adjacent to two vowels or a nonsyllabic variant of each other.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Prepalatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Postvelar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;m, mm&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;n, nn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋ, ŋŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;s, ss&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;š, šš&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|x̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫ, ḫḫ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ̍ &#039;&#039;&#039;x, xx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħ, ħħ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;l, ll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;r, rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Central&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e &#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ &#039;&#039;&#039;oy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o &#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Near-Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɐ &#039;&#039;&#039;ay&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a &#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pitch-Accent ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -D uses seven pitch accents: high (ā [ꜛaꜜ]), mid (a [a]), low (ȧ [ꜜaꜛ]), falling (à [ꜛâꜜ]), rising (á [ǎꜛ]), high-falling (â [âꜜ]), and dipping (ǎ [â]), which can be placed on any mora except for the final one. All vowels and all syllabic consonants can receive a pitch accent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;High&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent gives only one mora a high tone while the rest have low tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Mid&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent makes a word retain low tone throughout (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Low&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent gives one more a low tone while the rest have high tone (H-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-H)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Falling&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes the tone of one mora from high to low while the rest of the morae have a low tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HL&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Rising&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes one mora&#039;s tone from low to high while the preceding morae have a low tone and the following morae have a high tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;LH&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-H)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;High-falling&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes one mora&#039;s tone from high to mid while the preceding morae have a high tone and the following morae have a low tone (H-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HM&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Dipping&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes the tone of one mora from high to low while the rest of the morae have a mid tone (M-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HL&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-M)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
(C)V&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Three of the same phoneme cannot occur in a row; syllabic consonants count as consonants in this rule.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
E: /e/, [i ɪ e̞ ɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Y: /ɲ̟ c̟ʰ c̟ʰʷ c̟ c̟ʷ c̟ʼ c̟ʷʼ ɕ ɕʷ ç j/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# /C₁C̩₁ C̩₁C₁/ = [C₁ːː C₁ːː]&lt;br /&gt;
# /C̩V VC̩/ = [CːV VCː]&lt;br /&gt;
# /e ɵ o/ = [e̞ ɵ̞ o̞]&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ o̞ ɵ̞ → ɛ ɞ ɔ / {_#,#_%,V_%}&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → ɪ ɵ ʊ ɘ ɜ / _Cː&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → i ʉ u ɨ ə / _Cːː&lt;br /&gt;
# ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → ø̞ ɵ̞ æ̝ æ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ɞ ɔ → œ ɞ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ʊ ɵ ɘ ɜ → ʉ̞ ø e ɛ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# u ʉ ɨ ə → ʉ y ɪ e̞ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ(ʷ) → ɴ(ʷ) / _{a,ɐ,ɔ,o,ʊ}&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ(ʷ) → ɴ(ʷ) / {a,ɐ,ɔ,o,ʊ}_%&lt;br /&gt;
# C̩[-labial] → C̩[-labial]ʷ / C[+labial]_&lt;br /&gt;
# F̩[-voice] → F̩[+voice] / C[+voice]_&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Word Formation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -D&#039;s word formation is unusual. The etymology of words comes from an abstract dimension where tracing the language consistently to its proto-form becomes impossible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -C ṡżṠŻǎǔǐěǒẽĩũẙů ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonemic Inventory ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Onsets ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Coronal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Peripheral&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|nː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|mː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|tʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|kˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|tː&lt;br /&gt;
|tʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|kː&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|kˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|sʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|sː&lt;br /&gt;
|sʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|lʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|lʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|lˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Nuclei ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Coronal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Occlusive&lt;br /&gt;
!Spread glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|ḿ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|ń̩&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̩́&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Constricted glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|m̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|ǹ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Continuant&lt;br /&gt;
!Spread glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŕ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ó&lt;br /&gt;
|é&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Constricted glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ò&lt;br /&gt;
|è&lt;br /&gt;
|à&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# (C)V&lt;br /&gt;
# Geminates can only occur word-medially&lt;br /&gt;
# Syllabic obstruents cannot immediately precede a syllabic resonant.&lt;br /&gt;
# /n̩/ and /ŋ̩/ cannot be word-intial.&lt;br /&gt;
# Syllabic nasals can only be adjacent to vowels or other syllabic nasals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Secondary articulations in onsets are typically contained within the time of articulation of the main articulation. There may be an onglide, but never an offglide.&lt;br /&gt;
# Secondary articulations in nuclei very often result in an offglide, which is fricated in the case of aspirated consonants.&lt;br /&gt;
# Tenuis syllabic obstruents are geminated.&lt;br /&gt;
# /t͡sʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) s̩ʷ(ː) sʲ(ː) s̩ʲ(ː)/ are realized as [t͜s͡ɸ(ː) s͡ɸ(ː) s̩͡ɸ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɕ̩(ː)]&lt;br /&gt;
# /e o/ become [ɛ ɔ] following a pharyngealized consonant.&lt;br /&gt;
# /a/ becomes [e] after /e/, except when /e/ is [ɛ], then /a/ becomes [ɛ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /a/ becomes [o] after /o/, except when /o/ is [ɔ], then /a/ becomes [ɔ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /e/ becomes [i] after /e/.&lt;br /&gt;
# /o/ becomes [u] after /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /t(ː) t͡s(ː) s(ː) l n h/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ ɲ ç] and /e/ becomes [i].&lt;br /&gt;
#* /tʲ(ː) t͡sʲ(ː) sʲ(ː) lʲ/ merge with /t(ː) t͡s(ː) s(ː) l/ before /e/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tʷ(ː) t͡sʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) lʷ/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ] and /e/ becomes [y].&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tˤ(ː) t͡sˤ(ː) sˤ(ː) lˤ/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ] and /e/ becomes [ɛ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /t(ː) s(ː) l n h/ become [p(ː) s͡ɸ(ː) ⱱ̟ m ʍ] before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
#* /tʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) lʷ/ merge with /t(ː) s(ː) l/ before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
#* /n/ merges with [m] before /o/, but /nː/ remains [nː].&lt;br /&gt;
# /tʲ(ː) lʲ/ become [pʲ(ː) ⱱ̟ʲ] before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tˤ(ː) lˤ/ precede /o/, they become [pˤ(ː) ⱱ̟ˤ] and /o/ becomes [ɔ].&lt;br /&gt;
# Word-initial /m̩/ assimilates to the place of articulation of the last phone of the previous word. If it cannot do so, it assimilates to the place of articulation of the following phone. If it cannot do so either, it remains [m̩].&lt;br /&gt;
# Word-initial /m̩/ experiences sandhi from the tone of the previous word&#039;s final syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
# /r̩/ becomes [l̩] when next to a vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
# Low tones become falling tones when preceded by only one phonemic high tone.&lt;br /&gt;
# High tones become rising tones when preceded by only one phonemic low tone.&lt;br /&gt;
# Low tones merge with high tones when preceded by a rising tone&lt;br /&gt;
# High tones merge with low tones when preceded by a falling tone&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Romanization ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Onsets&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Nuclei&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![m]&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
![mː]&lt;br /&gt;
|mm&lt;br /&gt;
![í]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
![ì]&lt;br /&gt;
|ī&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![n]&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
![nː]&lt;br /&gt;
|nn&lt;br /&gt;
![ý]&lt;br /&gt;
|ü&lt;br /&gt;
![ỳ]&lt;br /&gt;
|û&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|nj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
![é]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
![è]&lt;br /&gt;
|ē&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
![ɛ́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ë&lt;br /&gt;
![ɛ̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|ê&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![p]&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
![pː]&lt;br /&gt;
|pp&lt;br /&gt;
![á]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
![à]&lt;br /&gt;
|ā&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![pʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|pj&lt;br /&gt;
![pʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ppj&lt;br /&gt;
![ú]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
![ù]&lt;br /&gt;
|ū&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![pˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|pg&lt;br /&gt;
![pˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ppg&lt;br /&gt;
![ó]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
![ò]&lt;br /&gt;
|ō&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t]&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
![tː]&lt;br /&gt;
|tt&lt;br /&gt;
![ɔ́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ö&lt;br /&gt;
![ɔ̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|ô&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tv&lt;br /&gt;
![tʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttv&lt;br /&gt;
![ḿ̩, ḿ̩ʲ, ḿ̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ym&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;⟨y⟩ may optionally be omitted if the syllabic consonant follows a vowel but does not precede one.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![m̩̀, m̩̀ʲ, m̩̀ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tj&lt;br /&gt;
![tʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttj&lt;br /&gt;
![ń̩, ń̩ʷ, ń̩ʲ, ń̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yn&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ǹ̩, ǹ̩ʷ, ǹ̩ʲ, ǹ̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’n&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tg&lt;br /&gt;
![tˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttg&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ̩́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ynj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’nj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![c]&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
![cː]&lt;br /&gt;
|cc&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ̩́, ŋ̩́ʷ, ŋ̩́ʲ, ŋ̩́ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yng&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ̩̀, ŋ̩̀ʷ, ŋ̩̀ʲ, ŋ̩̀ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’ng&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![k]&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
![kː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kk&lt;br /&gt;
![ŕ̩]&lt;br /&gt;
|yr&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![r̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kv&lt;br /&gt;
![kʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkv&lt;br /&gt;
![ĺ̩]&lt;br /&gt;
|yl&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![l̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kj&lt;br /&gt;
![kʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkj&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʷʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ytv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’tv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kg&lt;br /&gt;
![kˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkg&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʲʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ytj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’tj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡s]&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zz&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yt&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’t&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͜s͡ɸ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zv&lt;br /&gt;
![t͜s͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzv&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʷʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ykv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’kv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zj&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzj&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʲʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ykj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’kj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zg&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzg&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yk&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![c͡ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|x&lt;br /&gt;
![c͡ɕː]&lt;br /&gt;
|xx&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩͡ɸʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ysv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’sv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![s]&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
![sː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ss&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ys&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’s&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![s͡ɸ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sv&lt;br /&gt;
![s͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssv&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ̩ʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ysj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ̩ː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’sj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![sˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sg&lt;br /&gt;
![sˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sj&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ç]&lt;br /&gt;
|hj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ʍ]&lt;br /&gt;
|hv&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![h]&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟]&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟ʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|bj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|bg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![l]&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lv&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vocabulary ===&lt;br /&gt;
mākvylo (car) {{Ipa|/màkʷŕ̩ó/ [ma˩kʷl̩˩˥o˥]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
haerī (bicycle) {{Ipa|/háélì/ [ha˥e˥ɾi˥˩]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
boccü (dog) {{Ipa|/lótʷːé/ [ⱱ̟o˥cːy˥]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
mō’kv (person) {{Ipa|/mòk̩ʷː/ [mo˩k̩ːʷ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
akām (dot) {{Ipa|/ákàm̩̀/ [a˥ka˥˩m̩˩]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -B ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |PULMONIC&lt;br /&gt;
CONSONANTS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Pharyngeal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|m~w̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n~ɾ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ~j̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ~ɰ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀm&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|b͡pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;bp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ d͡tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;th dt&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲʰ d͡tʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ch dc&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|qʰ ɡ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kh gk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ d͡tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t’ dt’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲʼ d͡tʲʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’ dc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ ɢ͡qʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’ gk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!implosive&lt;br /&gt;
|ɓ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;b’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|b͡β&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;bv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cs&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ͡ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;yy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡x ɡ͡ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kx gx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡t͜sʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ds&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡t͜ɕʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dcs&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡k͜xʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ɕʼ d͡t͜ɕʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cs’ dcs’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡xʼ ɡ͡k͜xʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kx’ gx’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|β&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɮ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ ɮʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s zy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|x~χ ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|w~b&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|l~d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ~ɡ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʜ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
p ś ł ṭ ṣ j&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |CLICKS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Prealveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nśh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nłh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;njh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mp’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; |Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!delayed release&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;pk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|‼͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼋͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;pk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|‼͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼋͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gśh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;głh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gjh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gp’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!VOWELS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|i̝&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ii&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|u̝&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|i~ɪ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|u~ʊ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ə ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ẹ  oy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɞ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ọy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ọ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ạ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Words can either be monosyllabic and contain contour or level tones, or be polysyllabic and only contain level tones.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!TONES&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
|H&lt;br /&gt;
|HM&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|M&lt;br /&gt;
|ML&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|LM&lt;br /&gt;
|L&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -A ==&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -A is intended to create a manner of communication that involves very little complexity, whether that be phonological, grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic, and therefore easy and intuitive to learn from any linguistic background. Words do not take on parts of speech (noun, verb, etc.) or grammatical roles (subject, object, etc.) typical of natural languages. The syntactic structure is based purely on the relationships of emphasized words, unemphasized words, and pauses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Vocabulary&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* small: ki&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe small size, quantity, height, social position, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* big: on&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe large size, quantity, height, social position, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* move: ne&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe living things, fluids, motion, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* stay: at&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe unmoving things, solids, the ground, some locations, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* subject: e (subject of discussion, not gramamtical subject)&lt;br /&gt;
* not: su&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Syntax&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; = unemphasized word; &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; = emphasized word&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* uE: &#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; performs as a topic, &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; performs as a comment modifying the topic.&lt;br /&gt;
* Eu: &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; performs as a novel topic, &#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; performs as a comment modifying the novel topic.&lt;br /&gt;
* u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks plurality&lt;br /&gt;
* E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks emphasis&lt;br /&gt;
* u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;/E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks addition or comparison depending on context&lt;br /&gt;
* Lack of pauses indicate a continuous idea.&lt;br /&gt;
* Brief pauses (marked with commas) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the previous one.&lt;br /&gt;
* Medial pauses (marked with periods ) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the multiple previous ideas. Which previous ideas they are is left up to context.&lt;br /&gt;
* Long pauses (marked with elipses) indicate the beginning of an idea unrelates to the previous ones.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Expressions&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Ownership is expressed with &amp;quot;e ON e KI&amp;quot;, translating to &amp;quot;This is big and/but that is small.&amp;quot; This can also be used to compare sizes or quantities of &amp;quot;this&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;that&amp;quot;, depending on context.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big and small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e on e ki&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This, a big thing, that, and a small thing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON E KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big, the other thing, and small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON, e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big, meanwhile that is small.&amp;quot; This is more often used for comparison of the sizes between &amp;quot;this&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;that&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON. e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;...and this is big. Additionally, that is small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;E on, e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;As for this, this is big, and/but that is small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;E on e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;As for this, this is big and the other thing. There is also a small thing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -9 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonant ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Laryngeal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m̥&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑʇ&lt;br /&gt;
|n̥&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;mh/ṁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nh/ṅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ny/ņ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ňh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|bʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏʇʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|dʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʰʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;bh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǰh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ķh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|tɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|cʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;č&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǰ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ķ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Rhinoglottic&lt;br /&gt;
|pʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵐb&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏʇˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ⁿd&lt;br /&gt;
|tɕʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᶮɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᶮɟʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑg&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑgʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|kᶣʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑgᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;pp&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nb&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;tt&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nd&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;cc&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;jj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǰ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kk&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ḱḱ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǵ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩǩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ&lt;br /&gt;
|β&lt;br /&gt;
|θ~s̪&lt;br /&gt;
|ð~z̪&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|ç&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|çʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ç&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ś&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ź&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ž&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǵ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l̥&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ̞&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;lh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tap&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥ᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;rh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;řh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ř&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŗh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŗ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Unround&lt;br /&gt;
!Round&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|ỹ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɨ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɨ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʊ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;õ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|ẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|ø̃&lt;br /&gt;
|ɘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ẽ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ë&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|ɛ~æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɔ~ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Grammar ===&lt;br /&gt;
Nouns usually have either feminine or masculine gender. Nouns and proper nouns referring to people can have feminine, masculine, or femasculine. Proper nouns not referring to people are always femasculine. There is some precedent for nouns or proper nouns with the opposite gender that they&#039;re supposed to have being used for alternative versions of the original word. This is primarily used in fiction and physics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -9 has a complex way of marking gender, topic, number, transitivity, specificity, and adjectives that makes them interconnected.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc //-bʰi//, //-te//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem //-ⁿd//, //-l//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc //-bʰiⁿd//, //-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Noun Declensions (&#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Topic within noun phrase&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Topic not within noun phrase&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Subject&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Object&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Subject&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Object&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Noun Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjective Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Noun Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjective Topic&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Generic&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |V &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Singular&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadte&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachte&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaach&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaach&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhal&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhol&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhon&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhon&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadtel&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachontel&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachon&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaachon&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadte&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhite&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhal&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhandal&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadtel&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhindel&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Plural&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Distributive&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Verbs&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Intransitive&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjectives&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the following charts, small asterisked words are atypical declensions.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nouns&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Singular&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Singular&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Singular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//Ø//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ⁿd//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-bʰi//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-bʰiⁿd//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-l//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-te//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-on//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-js//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-json//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!friend&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽnd&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽl&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽte&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽtel&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽon&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽys&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!watermelon&lt;br /&gt;
|vilh&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilnd&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*vill&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhte&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhon&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhx&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!sun&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁ&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńamnd&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaml&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁte&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁon&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁx&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!moon&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗnd&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗl&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhte&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhon&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhx&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!day&lt;br /&gt;
|ma&lt;br /&gt;
|mand&lt;br /&gt;
|*mabhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*mabhind&lt;br /&gt;
|mal&lt;br /&gt;
|*mate&lt;br /&gt;
|*matel&lt;br /&gt;
|maon&lt;br /&gt;
|*mays&lt;br /&gt;
|*mayson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!night&lt;br /&gt;
|bhai&lt;br /&gt;
|bhaind&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaibhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaibhind&lt;br /&gt;
|bhail&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaite&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaitel&lt;br /&gt;
|bhaion&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaiys&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaiyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!day sky&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩnd&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩl&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩte&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩtel&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩon&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩys&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!night sky&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;att&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attand&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;attibhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attibhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attal&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;atte&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attel&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;atton&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;attis&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attison&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!cloud&lt;br /&gt;
|lhä&lt;br /&gt;
|lhänd&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|lhäl&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäte&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhätel&lt;br /&gt;
|lhäon&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäys&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!paper&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũnd&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;bhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;bhind&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũl&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;te&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;tel&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũ&#039;on&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;x&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;xon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!computer&lt;br /&gt;
|zhoto&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotond&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotobhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotobhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotol&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotote&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhototel&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotoon&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotoys&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotoyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!person&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadh&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhand&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhal&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadte&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadtel&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhon&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhx&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Verbs&lt;br /&gt;
!Intransitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//Ø//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-r̥//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ʊ̃//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ʊ̃r̥//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!like&lt;br /&gt;
|qad&lt;br /&gt;
|qatŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|qadõ&lt;br /&gt;
|qadõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!want&lt;br /&gt;
|chëk&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkõ&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!have&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!give&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõ&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõõ&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!receive/take&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;e&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!eat/drink&lt;br /&gt;
|mäx&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxõ&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!breathe&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhim&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!say&lt;br /&gt;
|ää&lt;br /&gt;
|ääŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ääõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ääõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!sing&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!go to&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!leave&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Adjectives&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//-β//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-i//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ɥ//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-l//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-te//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!happy&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaav&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaai&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaaw&lt;br /&gt;
|zaal&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaate&lt;br /&gt;
|zaatel&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!blue&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëv&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëi&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëw&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵël&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëte&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëtel&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -8 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!C&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
!V&lt;br /&gt;
!Non-Back&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* VS̥ʰ VS̬ʰ &amp;gt; V́S̥ V̀S̥ / _%&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)V(C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: any consonant except /ʔ h ɦ/&lt;br /&gt;
* V: any vowel&lt;br /&gt;
* C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: any consonant&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Transliterations ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Latin ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Kana ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|Ø}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;い&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ミ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;み&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ニ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;に&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;び&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ち&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぢ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;き&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぎ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;し&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;キ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ギ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゐ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;り&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;いぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;う&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;む&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぬ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぷ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;び&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;つ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;づ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;く&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぐ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ク&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;グ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;うぅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;る&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゆ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;え&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;メ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;め&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ネ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ね&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;べ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;て&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;で&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;け&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;げ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ケ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゲ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゑ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;れ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;いぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;お&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;モ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;も&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ノ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;の&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぽ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;と&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ど&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;こ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ご&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぉ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぉ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;コ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;を&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ろ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;よ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;あ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;マ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ま&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ナ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;な&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぱ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ば&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;た&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;だ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;か&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;が&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;カ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ガ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;わ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ら&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;や&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|Ø}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ニ゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;プ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ブ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ト&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ド&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ク゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ん&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;っ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;フ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;シ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ジ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ホ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ン&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゝ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゞ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ウ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ル&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;イ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -7 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect-7 divides words into 3 categories depending on how they can be perceived by the senses: proximal sensation, distal sensation, and general sensation. Deeplect -7-speakers recognize 6 senses in terms of these divisions: sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, and memory. The emotional sense refers to an individual being made to feel an emotion. The memorial sense refers to an individual forming a memory or recalling past memories.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Proximal sensation includes things whose perception is limited to a close range:&lt;br /&gt;
** any object by its texture&lt;br /&gt;
** whispering by sound&lt;br /&gt;
** blood by flavor&lt;br /&gt;
** paper by scent&lt;br /&gt;
** small insects by sight&lt;br /&gt;
** a dream by memory&lt;br /&gt;
* Distal sensation includes things whose perception is &#039;&#039;&#039;not&#039;&#039;&#039; limited to a close range:&lt;br /&gt;
** weather by its temperature&lt;br /&gt;
** shouting by sound&lt;br /&gt;
** chocolate by expectation-induced flavor&lt;br /&gt;
** a fart by scent&lt;br /&gt;
** a building by sight&lt;br /&gt;
** a bear at a zoo by memory&lt;br /&gt;
* General sensation always includes the conceptualization of an object, and senses that are more strongly associated with the concept of it than the sensation of it. Some objects have no associated sensations with them such as&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Often, what translates to a single word in English is split into two or three words depending on how they are experienced in a sentence.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Vocabulary List&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Deeplect -7&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |English&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Word&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Translation&lt;br /&gt;
!Context&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|general: &#039;&#039;visual, conceptual&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[sâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|distal: &#039;&#039;auditory, memorial&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[θâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|proximal: &#039;&#039;tactile, olfactory, gustatory&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -6 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Every word is 6 morae long.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -5 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -5 has a small consonant inventory with about half of its consonants being clicks. This small size is made up for in extreme allophony.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Dental&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Pulmonic&lt;br /&gt;
!Stop&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|hʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Click&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
X language has two levels of stress: primary and secondary. Primary stress is marked with vowel length and can have a high, low, falling, or rising tone. Secondary stress is marked with either a high or low tone. Primary stress is word-initial, but secondary stress is lexical.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|ẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
(C)(G)V(C); C = consonant; G = /t ʔ w j/; Q = click; V = vowel&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# pʔ tʔ &amp;gt; pʼ tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
# p t c ʔ s &amp;gt; b d ɟ ʔ̞ z / _{i,e} !{#,C̥}_&lt;br /&gt;
# d ǃ &amp;gt; ɟ ǂ / _i&lt;br /&gt;
# w l j &amp;gt; m n ɲ / {Ṽ_,_Ṽ}&lt;br /&gt;
# n t &amp;gt; ŋ k / _{u,ũ}&lt;br /&gt;
# l &amp;gt; ɾ / _{u,o,a}&lt;br /&gt;
# V &amp;gt; Ṽ / ᵑQ_&lt;br /&gt;
# ᵑǀw ᵑǃj &amp;gt; ᵑʘ ᵑǂ&lt;br /&gt;
# hʲ / Ø !_{i,ĩ,e,ẽ}&lt;br /&gt;
# QC / Ø !QC=!w&lt;br /&gt;
# CCC VVV ṼV VṼ CQ jʔ hʲʔ / Ø&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Romanization ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Vowel&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/p/&lt;br /&gt;
![p]&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
![b]&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/i/&lt;br /&gt;
![i]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
![ĩ]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/t/&lt;br /&gt;
![t]&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
![d]&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
![ɟ]&lt;br /&gt;
|dj&lt;br /&gt;
![k]&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
!/ĩ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ĩ]&lt;br /&gt;
|in&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ʔ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
![ʔ̞]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/u/&lt;br /&gt;
![u]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
![ũ]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/s/&lt;br /&gt;
![s]&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
![z]&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/ũ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ũ]&lt;br /&gt;
|un&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/hʲ/&lt;br /&gt;
![hʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/e/&lt;br /&gt;
![e]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
![ẽ]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/w/&lt;br /&gt;
![w]&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
![m]&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/ẽ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ẽ]&lt;br /&gt;
|en&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/l/&lt;br /&gt;
![l]&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
![ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
![n]&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
!/o/&lt;br /&gt;
![o]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
![õ]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/j/&lt;br /&gt;
![j]&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|nj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/a/&lt;br /&gt;
![a]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
![ã]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|cn&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǃ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǃ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qn&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǂ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qny&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/H/&lt;br /&gt;
![H]&lt;br /&gt;
|¯&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǀʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǀʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ch&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/L/&lt;br /&gt;
![L]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǃʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǃʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qh&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qh&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/HL/&lt;br /&gt;
![HL]&lt;br /&gt;
|ˋ&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǀˀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǀˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|c&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/LH&lt;br /&gt;
![LH]&lt;br /&gt;
|´&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǃˀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǃˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|q&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǂˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|q&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǀw/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑʘ]&lt;br /&gt;
|cm&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǃj/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǂ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qny&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -4.5 ==&lt;br /&gt;
This is a naturalistic dialect of Deeplect -4, used for situations where Deeplect -4 would be required to be naturalistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
All consonants can be lengthened except for /r̥ ɽ͡r ˀɽ/. All velars become palatal or palatalized after front vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tʼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʈ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɖ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|g&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡x&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡xʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ð&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɽ͡r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀʟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels and Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels have one of four tones: high, low, falling, and rising. Falling and rising tones are closer to the middle range than high or low. High tone is accompanied by preaspiration. On a word-initial vowel, the preaspiration is breathy. The preaspiration is converted into voiceless aspiration on any preceding voiceless consonant, and breathy voice on any preceding voiced consonant. Low tone is accompanied by creaky voice on the vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels are separated into 2 classes based on their phonotactic behavior and evolutionary history. Class 1 vowels have no phonotactic restrictions other than that they cannot form diphthongs with each other. These vowels originated from the proto-language&#039;s 3-vowel system /e a o/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Class 2 vowels must be preceded or followed by a consonant, or both, and cannot be adjacent to a Class 1 vowel. Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs with each other. These diphthongs use the same tone system as other vowels. Diphthongs with consonants involve sliding articulation. Class 2 diphthongs cannot be adjacent to each other and adhere to the same restrictions as Class 2 monophthongs. They are excluded from the charts because all Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs (or long vowels) with another and it is not specially notated in romanization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are three romanizations systems for Deeplect -4 which differ in vowel and tone notation. The Vohnegien&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Name created by [[Janus]].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; notation prioritized representing historical pronunciation such as syllabic consonants and their descendants being written with an vowel-initial diagraph upon which tones would be marked with diacritics. Vohnegien notation is seen as more outdated by some, but still used by a few scattered Deeplect -4-speaking regions and by linguists.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vohnegien Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨V⟩ here is used to represent a vowel, not the letter V.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̄&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̀&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V́&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Gritchend&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; approached notation from a modern pronunciation in which diacritics are used on consonants to show syllabicity and on vowels to show vowel quality. Gritchend elected to romanize tones with unused consonant letters. Gritchend notation is broadly considered the modern notation of the language and is used in most formal and informal contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Gritchend Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ń&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ḿ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the interest of avoiding the use of diacritics altogether, Vondenberg&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; combined the vowel notation of Vohnegien and tone notation of Gritchend. This more modern romanization is most often used in informal text messages and typing with decorative fonts, which often have poor diacritic support.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vondenberg Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -4 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
All consonants can be lengthened except for /r̥ ɽ͡r ˀɽ/.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tʼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʈ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|cʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɖ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c͡ç&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c͡çʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ç&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ð&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɽ͡r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʎ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀʎ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels and Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels have one of four tones: high, low, falling, and rising. Falling and rising tones are closer to the middle range than high or low. High tone is accompanied by preaspiration. On a word-initial vowel, the preaspiration is breathy. The preaspiration is converted into voiceless aspiration on any preceding voiceless consonant, and breathy voice on any preceding voiced consonant. Low tone is accompanied by creaky voice on the vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels are separated into 2 classes based on their phonotactic behavior and evolutionary history. Class 1 vowels have no phonotactic restrictions other than that they cannot form diphthongs with each other. These vowels originated from the proto-language&#039;s 3-vowel system /e a o/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Class 2 vowels must be preceded or followed by a consonant, or both, and cannot be adjacent to a Class 1 vowel. Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs with each other. These diphthongs use the same tone system as other vowels. Diphthongs with consonants involve sliding articulation. Class 2 diphthongs cannot be adjacent to each other and adhere to the same restrictions as Class 2 monophthongs. They are excluded from the charts because all Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs (or long vowels) with another and it is not specially notated in romanization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are three romanizations systems for Deeplect -4 which differ in vowel and tone notation. The Vohnegien&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; notation prioritized representing historical pronunciation such as syllabic consonants and their descendants being written with an vowel-initial diagraph upon which tones would be marked with diacritics. Vohnegien notation is seen as more outdated by some, but still used by a few scattered Deeplect -4-speaking regions and by linguists.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vohnegien Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨V⟩ here is used to represent a vowel, not the letter V.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̄&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̀&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V́&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Gritchend&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; approached notation from a modern pronunciation in which diacritics are used on consonants to show syllabicity and on vowels to show vowel quality. Gritchend elected to romanize tones with unused consonant letters. Gritchend notation is broadly considered the modern notation of the language and is used in most formal and informal contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Gritchend Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ń&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ḿ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the interest of avoiding the use of diacritics altogether, Vondenberg&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; combined the vowel notation of Vohnegien and tone notation of Gritchend. This more modern romanization is most often used in informal text messages and typing with decorative fonts, which often have poor diacritic support.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vondenberg Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -3 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-Click Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar/Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Laryngeal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Stop&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|p &#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡θ &#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t &#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s &#039;&#039;&#039;ts&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡ &#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d &#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡z &#039;&#039;&#039;dz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡ʒ &#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|g &#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s’ &#039;&#039;&#039;ts’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;q’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|ɓ &#039;&#039;&#039;b’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ &#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ &#039;&#039;&#039;gh’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ &#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s &#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ &#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ &#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ &#039;&#039;&#039;ž&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;š’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n &#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|β̞ &#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|lː &#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|r &#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|r̝ &#039;&#039;&#039;rz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Allophony ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* /t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ʃʼ ʄ k ɡ kʼ ɠ/ become [k͡x g͡ɣ k͡xʼ ɠ q ɢ qʼ ʛ] before low or back vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Click Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;mwh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘχ &#039;&#039;&#039;mwx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nzh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nzx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nkh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nllh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nllx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;njh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂχ &#039;&#039;&#039;njx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;mw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;wm&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;zn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;nk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;kn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;nll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;lln&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;jn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ploded&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;mw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘq &#039;&#039;&#039;mwq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀq &#039;&#039;&#039;nzq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃq &#039;&#039;&#039;nkq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁq &#039;&#039;&#039;nllq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂq &#039;&#039;&#039;njq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;wch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qʘχ &#039;&#039;&#039;wx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;zch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǀχ &#039;&#039;&#039;zx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;kch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǃχ &#039;&#039;&#039;kx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;llch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǁχ &#039;&#039;&#039;llx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;jch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǂχ &#039;&#039;&#039;jx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘx &#039;&#039;&#039;gwx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀx &#039;&#039;&#039;gzx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃx &#039;&#039;&#039;gkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁx &#039;&#039;&#039;gllx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂx &#039;&#039;&#039;gjx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;wh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;zh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;llh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gwh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gzh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gkh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gllh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gjh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘq &#039;&#039;&#039;wq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;cz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀq &#039;&#039;&#039;zq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;ck&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃq &#039;&#039;&#039;kq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;cll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁq &#039;&#039;&#039;llq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂq &#039;&#039;&#039;jq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;wg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;zg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;gk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;kg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;gll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;llg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;jg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;w’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;z’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;ll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;j’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gkʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gck’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;wc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;wq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;zc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;zq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;kc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;kq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;llc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;llq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
An apostrophe is placed between grapheme clusters that may be confused with whole graphemes, e.g. ⟨amwha⟩ is /a.ŋʘʰa/ and ⟨am’wha⟩ is /am.kʘʰa/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
The vowel qualities are /i u e o a ã/ ⟨i u e o a ã⟩, with the long vowels /iː uː ɛː ɔː ɑː ãː/ ⟨ī ū ē ō ā ãa⟩ and overlong vowels /iːː uːː eːːː oːːː aːːː ãːːː/ ⟨ii uu ee oo aa ãā⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The possible diphthongs are /ei eo oe oi ou oa ue ua ai ae au ao oã uã ãi ãe ãu ão/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phonations include modal, breathy ⟨◌h⟩, creaky ⟨◌’⟩, (all three of which can be pharyngealized ⟨◌·⟩), and strident ⟨◌ħ⟩. A long vowels and diphthongs can contain more than one phonation, but short and overlong vowels cannot.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels can be -ATR or +ATR ⟨◌y⟩, corresponding to tongue root harmony. This harmony can change voiceless plain stops to breathy stops (except /p/ which becomes [b]). It is a progressive harmony that begins from the start of a root word and is blocked by ejective and uvular consonants. +ATR is only romanized on the first vowel of a root word.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Allophony ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Vowels are nasalized whenever adjacent to nasal phonemes. /ã/ merges with /a/, so ⟨ã⟩ is not used adjacent to nasal phonemes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -2 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labiodental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɱ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɴ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Tense&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̪̊}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̪̊ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’tw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̥ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɟ̊}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɟ̊ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɢ̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɢ̥ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʡ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lax&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’dhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ghw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ð}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ðʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ðw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|zʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʝ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʝʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;yw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʁ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʁʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;xw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʜ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Vibrant&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ⱱ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|r}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|rʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|l̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|l}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʎ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʟ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Non-Front&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|í}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;í&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ì}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɨ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ú&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɨ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|é}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;é&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|è}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɘ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ó&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɘ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɐ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;á&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɐ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -1 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Grammar&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Gloss&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Description&lt;br /&gt;
!Examples&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!CAUS.GNO&lt;br /&gt;
|jɾa-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;production, resultation, consequence (gnomic and nouns)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kesˈteltɔ jɾaˈmiawa (earth brings life)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!CAUS&lt;br /&gt;
|ko-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;caused (tense, verbs only)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kes&#039;teltɔ koˈmiawe̤ (earth is causing life to exist)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOA&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -e̤&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of agent, MOA). MOA verbs receive an adverb? auxiliary verb? after, showing the precise action taking place if it isn&#039;t clear from the primary verb (it would be clear if the prim. verb was &amp;quot;to go to&amp;quot; but not if it&#039;s &amp;quot;to water&amp;quot;). unclear primary verbs used without secondary verbs are said to simply &amp;quot;be occuring&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;be existing&amp;quot;.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːje̤ (approaching water)&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtelte̤ (kicking the ground)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOS&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -ʕu&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of secondary thing, MOS). MOS places the object after the verb. objects and &amp;quot;secondary verbs&amp;quot; (referenced above) do not differ in marking&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːjʕu (splashing water on someone/watering something)&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈteltʕu (kicking dirt at something/someone)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOP&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -a(ʕim)&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of patient, MOP). MOP places its object before the verb. -ʕim is only added for formality, emphasis, or syntactic disambiguation.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːja(ʕim) ~ spraying water around&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtela(ʕim) ~ kicking up dirt&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
whether a verb is conjugated to MOA/MOS/MOP is determined by which action the speaker wants to focus on the most, even though usually 2 or 3 of them will be actually occuring&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
topic pronouns (marked for person, number, and obviation) are clitics that attach to a particle with some of their grammatical information (cases).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV1 ~ ũ=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV2 ~ nã=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV3 ~ ˈdeu=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV1 ~ in=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV2 ~ ja̤=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV3 ~ tḛːŋ=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV1 ~ ki=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV2 ~ ɾḛj=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV3 ~ aːn=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.PL.INCL ~ eˈdo=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.PL.EXCL ~ kʼe=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.PL.INCL ~ ˈkimi=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.PL.EXCL ~ ˈhuku=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV1 ~ sto=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV2 ~ ˈmihi=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV3 ~ aˈdoː=&lt;br /&gt;
# REFL ~ pi&lt;br /&gt;
#* used in stuff like drinking(MOS), eating(MOS), etc.&lt;br /&gt;
# nominative ~ i&lt;br /&gt;
# vocative ~ -ʃa̤,ja̤/i&#039;ja̤&lt;br /&gt;
# benefactive ~ -(ɾ)e/ri&lt;br /&gt;
# malefactive ~ -ḛːse/ḛːse&lt;br /&gt;
# dative ~ -ãw/ŋaw&lt;br /&gt;
# commitative ~ -(k,ɡ,ʼ)iː/kiː&lt;br /&gt;
# instrumental ~ -(s,z)ãʰː/zãʰː&lt;br /&gt;
# other case particles can be derived using class-less variants of words, which can get prefixed to a non-topic noun&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* sometimes the particle may be used alone instead of the pronoun clitic.&lt;br /&gt;
* the pronoun clitic can be attached to a word to show stronger volition toward that aspect of the action described in the sentence (i.e. TOP=[verb] for showing stronger intent for the action than the object, or TOP=[object] for the opposite). stronger volition toward one aspect often implies weaker volition or intent toward the rest (TOP=[verb] may imply accidentally affecting the object, and TOP=[object] may imply accidentally performing the action, but meaning to do something to the object).&lt;br /&gt;
* both or either of the pronoun clitic and particle may be omitted. omission only occurs in the event of redundance.&lt;br /&gt;
* there is a subject case particle.&lt;br /&gt;
* other NPs are listed in the beginning of the sentence in order of decreasing relevance. their cases (and conjunctions) are expressed in affixes, not a particle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* every part of speech has its own set of classes (they do not correspond to each other).&lt;br /&gt;
* modifiers are added by affixing the modifiee&#039;s class suffix and changing the modifiee&#039;s suffix to -aː (this assumes all classes affixes will be suffixes but maybe i wont do that)&lt;br /&gt;
*# kesˈteltɔ &#039;&#039;modified by&#039;&#039; beˈʔaɾa (cooled lava ground) &amp;gt; kesˈtelt&#039;&#039;&#039;-ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; beˈʔa-ɾa &amp;gt; kesˈtelt-aː beˈʔa-ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039;-ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;gt; kesˈteltaː beˈʔaɔ&lt;br /&gt;
* noun classes (suffixes and prefixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -a, -ɔ ~ fluid, changing (animals, thoughts, breath, wind, clothing, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ɾa ~ dangerous (lava, fire, poisonous food, weapon used, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# zũː- ~ machinery (car, computer, lock, some weapons merely existing)&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ- ~ valuable natural item (diamond, gold, ivory)&lt;br /&gt;
# tʰe- ~ material for use (wood, paper, ink, glue, metal, cloth)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ʔiː ~ natural (plants, sun, moon, dirt, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# -nõ ~ human, human-related concept, or thing altered by humanity (person, domesticated animals, weapon created, gods from secular perspective)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* verb classes (suffixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -e ~&lt;br /&gt;
# -l ~&lt;br /&gt;
# -a ~&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* adjective/adverb classes (prefixes):&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;unmarked&#039;&#039; ~ quality&lt;br /&gt;
* xe- ~ identity&lt;br /&gt;
* o- ~ relation&lt;br /&gt;
* adposition classes (suffixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* when creating a phrase or description, go with more actually-occurs options before hypothetical or culturally-specific ones (i.e. kesˈteltaː beˈʔaɾɔ is a ground of cooled lava, not the ground being molten lava as is pretended in the game &amp;quot;the floor is lava&amp;quot;, since the former is more likely to be used in a real situation than the latter)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtelt&#039;&#039;&#039;ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈbiːj&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kṵː&#039;&#039;&#039;ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ fire&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈmiaw&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ life&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;zũː&#039;&#039;&#039;kũː ~ metal, mechanical&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;kʰ&#039;&#039;&#039;uːihu ~ gold&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
beˈʔa&#039;&#039;&#039;ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ lava&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;ːsʼaː ~ wood&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
liˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ plant&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
oˈŋãi&#039;&#039;&#039;nõ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ human&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
eˈumĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ love&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
çiː&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ emotion(s)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
xkiˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ think, mind&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;nũː ~ paper&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;ˈʔjul ~ ink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;zũː&#039;&#039;&#039;mãi ~ pen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
he ~ move to&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
iːl ~ move at/in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ɬaː ~ express, release, secrete&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈtʰeŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ visible attribute&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kɔʔj&#039;&#039;&#039;ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ color, shadow, brightness, angle&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
tḛjjɔ ~ red, hot pink, orange, brown, violet&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
vɾiː ~ yellow, orange, lime, beige, white, pink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ħaːn ~ green, lime, evergreen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈijaɲ ~ cyan, mint&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈṳba ~ blue, indigo, purple, black&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
naːˈħal ~ dark yellow, muddy green&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ħũːe ~ correct, factual, verified, verifiable&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects&amp;diff=39527</id>
		<title>Trace Deeplects</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects&amp;diff=39527"/>
		<updated>2026-05-05T03:40:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Trace Deeplects&#039;&#039;&#039; are incomplete portions of languages that have been detected in experiments attempting to verif’ the [[Deep Dimensional]] theory. While the strongest evidence for Deep Dimensional is the languages that have inexplicably appeared, [[MARA]] experiments have found trace amounts of languages in their investigations, giving it more credibility. However, measurement error is not ruled out. This article will contain all the information on every Trace Deeplect. Trace Deeplects are listed in order of their negative discovery.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -E ==&lt;br /&gt;
Red: coda only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blue: onset only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yellow: word-medial only&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uncolored: both onset and coda&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Pharyngeal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatalized&lt;br /&gt;
!Labialized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|mʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;mj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;tj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ku&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;dj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;gu&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Short&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;fj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|s &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;sjj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|xʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;xj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|h &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Long&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|sː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ss&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |ɕ̟ː &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ssj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;wj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|w &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;wu&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
|i &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
/tʰ tʰʲ t tʲ ħ/ only occurs word-medially&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Only /N ʔ h t͡s t͡sʰ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -D ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Prepalatal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Prevelar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Postvelar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Emphatic&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Emphatic&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|mˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n &#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|nˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ̟ &#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṗh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʰʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;cv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;kv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lax&lt;br /&gt;
|p &#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|pˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṗ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t &#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ &#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡ &#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;qw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tense&lt;br /&gt;
|b &#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|bˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḍ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʷʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Continuant&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s &#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ &#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;šw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ç &#039;&#039;&#039;hy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|xʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ &#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;xw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|h &#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|hʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;hw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l &#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|w &#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ &#039;&#039;&#039;ġ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ġw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r &#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʀ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṛ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Syllabic Consonants ====&lt;br /&gt;
Syllabic consonants are romanized as double letters only when adjacent to two vowels or a nonsyllabic variant of each other.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Prepalatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Postvelar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;m, mm&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;n, nn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋ, ŋŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;s, ss&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;š, šš&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|x̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫ, ḫḫ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ̍ &#039;&#039;&#039;x, xx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħ, ħħ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;l, ll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;r, rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Central&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e &#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ &#039;&#039;&#039;oy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o &#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Near-Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɐ &#039;&#039;&#039;ay&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a &#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pitch-Accent ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -D uses seven pitch accents: high (ā [ꜛaꜜ]), mid (a [a]), low (ȧ [ꜜaꜛ]), falling (à [ꜛâꜜ]), rising (á [ǎꜛ]), high-falling (â [âꜜ]), and dipping (ǎ [â]), which can be placed on any mora except for the final one. All vowels and all syllabic consonants can receive a pitch accent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;High&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent gives only one mora a high tone while the rest have low tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Mid&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent makes a word retain low tone throughout (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Low&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent gives one more a low tone while the rest have high tone (H-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-H)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Falling&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes the tone of one mora from high to low while the rest of the morae have a low tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HL&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Rising&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes one mora&#039;s tone from low to high while the preceding morae have a low tone and the following morae have a high tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;LH&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-H)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;High-falling&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes one mora&#039;s tone from high to mid while the preceding morae have a high tone and the following morae have a low tone (H-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HM&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Dipping&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes the tone of one mora from high to low while the rest of the morae have a mid tone (M-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HL&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-M)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
(C)V&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Three of the same phoneme cannot occur in a row; syllabic consonants count as consonants in this rule.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
E: /e/, [i ɪ e̞ ɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Y: /ɲ̟ c̟ʰ c̟ʰʷ c̟ c̟ʷ c̟ʼ c̟ʷʼ ɕ ɕʷ ç j/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# /C₁C̩₁ C̩₁C₁/ = [C₁ːː C₁ːː]&lt;br /&gt;
# /C̩V VC̩/ = [CːV VCː]&lt;br /&gt;
# /e ɵ o/ = [e̞ ɵ̞ o̞]&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ o̞ ɵ̞ → ɛ ɞ ɔ / {_#,#_%,V_%}&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → ɪ ɵ ʊ ɘ ɜ / _Cː&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → i ʉ u ɨ ə / _Cːː&lt;br /&gt;
# ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → ø̞ ɵ̞ æ̝ æ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ɞ ɔ → œ ɞ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ʊ ɵ ɘ ɜ → ʉ̞ ø e ɛ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# u ʉ ɨ ə → ʉ y ɪ e̞ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ(ʷ) → ɴ(ʷ) / _{a,ɐ,ɔ,o,ʊ}&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ(ʷ) → ɴ(ʷ) / {a,ɐ,ɔ,o,ʊ}_%&lt;br /&gt;
# C̩[-labial] → C̩[-labial]ʷ / C[+labial]_&lt;br /&gt;
# F̩[-voice] → F̩[+voice] / C[+voice]_&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Word Formation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -D&#039;s word formation is unusual. The etymology of words comes from an abstract dimension where tracing the language consistently to its proto-form becomes impossible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -C ṡżṠŻǎǔǐěǒẽĩũẙů ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonemic Inventory ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Onsets ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Coronal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Peripheral&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|nː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|mː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|tʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|kˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|tː&lt;br /&gt;
|tʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|kː&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|kˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|sʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|sː&lt;br /&gt;
|sʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|lʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|lʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|lˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Nuclei ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Coronal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Occlusive&lt;br /&gt;
!Spread glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|ḿ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|ń̩&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̩́&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Constricted glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|m̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|ǹ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Continuant&lt;br /&gt;
!Spread glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŕ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ó&lt;br /&gt;
|é&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Constricted glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ò&lt;br /&gt;
|è&lt;br /&gt;
|à&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# (C)V&lt;br /&gt;
# Geminates can only occur word-medially&lt;br /&gt;
# Syllabic obstruents cannot immediately precede a syllabic resonant.&lt;br /&gt;
# /n̩/ and /ŋ̩/ cannot be word-intial.&lt;br /&gt;
# Syllabic nasals can only be adjacent to vowels or other syllabic nasals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Secondary articulations in onsets are typically contained within the time of articulation of the main articulation. There may be an onglide, but never an offglide.&lt;br /&gt;
# Secondary articulations in nuclei very often result in an offglide, which is fricated in the case of aspirated consonants.&lt;br /&gt;
# Tenuis syllabic obstruents are geminated.&lt;br /&gt;
# /t͡sʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) s̩ʷ(ː) sʲ(ː) s̩ʲ(ː)/ are realized as [t͜s͡ɸ(ː) s͡ɸ(ː) s̩͡ɸ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɕ̩(ː)]&lt;br /&gt;
# /e o/ become [ɛ ɔ] following a pharyngealized consonant.&lt;br /&gt;
# /a/ becomes [e] after /e/, except when /e/ is [ɛ], then /a/ becomes [ɛ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /a/ becomes [o] after /o/, except when /o/ is [ɔ], then /a/ becomes [ɔ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /e/ becomes [i] after /e/.&lt;br /&gt;
# /o/ becomes [u] after /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /t(ː) t͡s(ː) s(ː) l n h/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ ɲ ç] and /e/ becomes [i].&lt;br /&gt;
#* /tʲ(ː) t͡sʲ(ː) sʲ(ː) lʲ/ merge with /t(ː) t͡s(ː) s(ː) l/ before /e/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tʷ(ː) t͡sʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) lʷ/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ] and /e/ becomes [y].&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tˤ(ː) t͡sˤ(ː) sˤ(ː) lˤ/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ] and /e/ becomes [ɛ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /t(ː) s(ː) l n h/ become [p(ː) s͡ɸ(ː) ⱱ̟ m ʍ] before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
#* /tʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) lʷ/ merge with /t(ː) s(ː) l/ before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
#* /n/ merges with [m] before /o/, but /nː/ remains [nː].&lt;br /&gt;
# /tʲ(ː) lʲ/ become [pʲ(ː) ⱱ̟ʲ] before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tˤ(ː) lˤ/ precede /o/, they become [pˤ(ː) ⱱ̟ˤ] and /o/ becomes [ɔ].&lt;br /&gt;
# Word-initial /m̩/ assimilates to the place of articulation of the last phone of the previous word. If it cannot do so, it assimilates to the place of articulation of the following phone. If it cannot do so either, it remains [m̩].&lt;br /&gt;
# Word-initial /m̩/ experiences sandhi from the tone of the previous word&#039;s final syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
# /r̩/ becomes [l̩] when next to a vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
# Low tones become falling tones when preceded by only one phonemic high tone.&lt;br /&gt;
# High tones become rising tones when preceded by only one phonemic low tone.&lt;br /&gt;
# Low tones merge with high tones when preceded by a rising tone&lt;br /&gt;
# High tones merge with low tones when preceded by a falling tone&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Romanization ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Onsets&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Nuclei&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![m]&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
![mː]&lt;br /&gt;
|mm&lt;br /&gt;
![í]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
![ì]&lt;br /&gt;
|ī&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![n]&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
![nː]&lt;br /&gt;
|nn&lt;br /&gt;
![ý]&lt;br /&gt;
|ü&lt;br /&gt;
![ỳ]&lt;br /&gt;
|û&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|nj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
![é]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
![è]&lt;br /&gt;
|ē&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
![ɛ́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ë&lt;br /&gt;
![ɛ̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|ê&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![p]&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
![pː]&lt;br /&gt;
|pp&lt;br /&gt;
![á]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
![à]&lt;br /&gt;
|ā&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![pʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|pj&lt;br /&gt;
![pʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ppj&lt;br /&gt;
![ú]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
![ù]&lt;br /&gt;
|ū&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![pˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|pg&lt;br /&gt;
![pˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ppg&lt;br /&gt;
![ó]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
![ò]&lt;br /&gt;
|ō&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t]&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
![tː]&lt;br /&gt;
|tt&lt;br /&gt;
![ɔ́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ö&lt;br /&gt;
![ɔ̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|ô&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tv&lt;br /&gt;
![tʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttv&lt;br /&gt;
![ḿ̩, ḿ̩ʲ, ḿ̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ym&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;⟨y⟩ may optionally be omitted if the syllabic consonant follows a vowel but does not precede one.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![m̩̀, m̩̀ʲ, m̩̀ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tj&lt;br /&gt;
![tʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttj&lt;br /&gt;
![ń̩, ń̩ʷ, ń̩ʲ, ń̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yn&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ǹ̩, ǹ̩ʷ, ǹ̩ʲ, ǹ̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’n&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tg&lt;br /&gt;
![tˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttg&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ̩́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ynj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’nj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![c]&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
![cː]&lt;br /&gt;
|cc&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ̩́, ŋ̩́ʷ, ŋ̩́ʲ, ŋ̩́ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yng&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ̩̀, ŋ̩̀ʷ, ŋ̩̀ʲ, ŋ̩̀ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’ng&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![k]&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
![kː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kk&lt;br /&gt;
![ŕ̩]&lt;br /&gt;
|yr&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![r̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kv&lt;br /&gt;
![kʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkv&lt;br /&gt;
![ĺ̩]&lt;br /&gt;
|yl&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![l̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kj&lt;br /&gt;
![kʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkj&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʷʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ytv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’tv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kg&lt;br /&gt;
![kˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkg&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʲʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ytj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’tj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡s]&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zz&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yt&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’t&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͜s͡ɸ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zv&lt;br /&gt;
![t͜s͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzv&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʷʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ykv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’kv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zj&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzj&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʲʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ykj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’kj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zg&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzg&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yk&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![c͡ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|x&lt;br /&gt;
![c͡ɕː]&lt;br /&gt;
|xx&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩͡ɸʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ysv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’sv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![s]&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
![sː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ss&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ys&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’s&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![s͡ɸ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sv&lt;br /&gt;
![s͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssv&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ̩ʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ysj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ̩ː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’sj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![sˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sg&lt;br /&gt;
![sˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sj&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ç]&lt;br /&gt;
|hj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ʍ]&lt;br /&gt;
|hv&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![h]&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟]&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟ʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|bj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|bg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![l]&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lv&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vocabulary ===&lt;br /&gt;
mākvylo (car) {{Ipa|/màkʷŕ̩ó/ [ma˩kʷl̩˩˥o˥]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
haerī (bicycle) {{Ipa|/háélì/ [ha˥e˥ɾi˥˩]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
boccü (dog) {{Ipa|/lótʷːé/ [ⱱ̟o˥cːy˥]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
mō’kv (person) {{Ipa|/mòk̩ʷː/ [mo˩k̩ːʷ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
akām (dot) {{Ipa|/ákàm̩̀/ [a˥ka˥˩m̩˩]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -B ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |PULMONIC&lt;br /&gt;
CONSONANTS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Pharyngeal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|m~w̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n~ɾ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ~j̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ~ɰ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀm&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|b͡pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;bp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ d͡tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;th dt&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲʰ d͡tʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ch dc&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|qʰ ɡ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kh gk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ d͡tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t’ dt’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲʼ d͡tʲʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’ dc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ ɢ͡qʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’ gk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!implosive&lt;br /&gt;
|ɓ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;b’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|b͡β&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;bv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cs&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ͡ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;yy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡x ɡ͡ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kx gx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡t͜sʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ds&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡t͜ɕʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dcs&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡k͜xʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ɕʼ d͡t͜ɕʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cs’ dcs’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡xʼ ɡ͡k͜xʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kx’ gx’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|β&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɮ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ ɮʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s zy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|x~χ ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|w~b&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|l~d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ~ɡ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʜ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
p ś ł ṭ ṣ j&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |CLICKS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Prealveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nśh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nłh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;njh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mp’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; |Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!delayed release&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;pk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|‼͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼋͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;pk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|‼͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼋͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gśh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;głh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gjh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gp’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!VOWELS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|i̝&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ii&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|u̝&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|i~ɪ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|u~ʊ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ə ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ẹ  oy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɞ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ọy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ọ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ạ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Words can either be monosyllabic and contain contour or level tones, or be polysyllabic and only contain level tones.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!TONES&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
|H&lt;br /&gt;
|HM&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|M&lt;br /&gt;
|ML&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|LM&lt;br /&gt;
|L&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -A ==&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -A is intended to create a manner of communication that involves very little complexity, whether that be phonological, grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic, and therefore easy and intuitive to learn from any linguistic background. Words do not take on parts of speech (noun, verb, etc.) or grammatical roles (subject, object, etc.) typical of natural languages. The syntactic structure is based purely on the relationships of emphasized words, unemphasized words, and pauses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Vocabulary&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* small: ki&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe small size, quantity, height, social position, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* big: on&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe large size, quantity, height, social position, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* move: ne&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe living things, fluids, motion, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* stay: at&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe unmoving things, solids, the ground, some locations, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* subject: e (subject of discussion, not gramamtical subject)&lt;br /&gt;
* not: su&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Syntax&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; = unemphasized word; &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; = emphasized word&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* uE: &#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; performs as a topic, &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; performs as a comment modifying the topic.&lt;br /&gt;
* Eu: &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; performs as a novel topic, &#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; performs as a comment modifying the novel topic.&lt;br /&gt;
* u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks plurality&lt;br /&gt;
* E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks emphasis&lt;br /&gt;
* u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;/E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks addition or comparison depending on context&lt;br /&gt;
* Lack of pauses indicate a continuous idea.&lt;br /&gt;
* Brief pauses (marked with commas) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the previous one.&lt;br /&gt;
* Medial pauses (marked with periods ) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the multiple previous ideas. Which previous ideas they are is left up to context.&lt;br /&gt;
* Long pauses (marked with elipses) indicate the beginning of an idea unrelates to the previous ones.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Expressions&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Ownership is expressed with &amp;quot;e ON e KI&amp;quot;, translating to &amp;quot;This is big and/but that is small.&amp;quot; This can also be used to compare sizes or quantities of &amp;quot;this&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;that&amp;quot;, depending on context.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big and small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e on e ki&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This, a big thing, that, and a small thing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON E KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big, the other thing, and small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON, e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big, meanwhile that is small.&amp;quot; This is more often used for comparison of the sizes between &amp;quot;this&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;that&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON. e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;...and this is big. Additionally, that is small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;E on, e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;As for this, this is big, and/but that is small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;E on e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;As for this, this is big and the other thing. There is also a small thing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -9 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonant ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Laryngeal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m̥&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑʇ&lt;br /&gt;
|n̥&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;mh/ṁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nh/ṅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ny/ņ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ňh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|bʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏʇʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|dʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʰʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;bh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǰh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ķh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|tɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|cʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;č&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǰ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ķ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Rhinoglottic&lt;br /&gt;
|pʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵐb&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏʇˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ⁿd&lt;br /&gt;
|tɕʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᶮɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᶮɟʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑg&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑgʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|kᶣʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑgᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;pp&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nb&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;tt&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nd&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;cc&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;jj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǰ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kk&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ḱḱ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǵ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩǩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ&lt;br /&gt;
|β&lt;br /&gt;
|θ~s̪&lt;br /&gt;
|ð~z̪&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|ç&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|çʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ç&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ś&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ź&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ž&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǵ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l̥&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ̞&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;lh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tap&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥ᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;rh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;řh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ř&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŗh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŗ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Unround&lt;br /&gt;
!Round&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|ỹ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɨ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɨ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʊ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;õ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|ẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|ø̃&lt;br /&gt;
|ɘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ẽ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ë&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|ɛ~æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɔ~ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Grammar ===&lt;br /&gt;
Nouns usually have either feminine or masculine gender. Nouns and proper nouns referring to people can have feminine, masculine, or femasculine. Proper nouns not referring to people are always femasculine. There is some precedent for nouns or proper nouns with the opposite gender that they&#039;re supposed to have being used for alternative versions of the original word. This is primarily used in fiction and physics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -9 has a complex way of marking gender, topic, number, transitivity, specificity, and adjectives that makes them interconnected.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc //-bʰi//, //-te//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem //-ⁿd//, //-l//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc //-bʰiⁿd//, //-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Noun Declensions (&#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Topic within noun phrase&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Topic not within noun phrase&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Subject&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Object&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Subject&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Object&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Noun Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjective Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Noun Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjective Topic&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Generic&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |V &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Singular&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadte&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachte&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaach&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaach&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhal&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhol&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhon&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhon&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadtel&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachontel&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachon&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaachon&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadte&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhite&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhal&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhandal&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadtel&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhindel&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Plural&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Distributive&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Verbs&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Intransitive&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjectives&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the following charts, small asterisked words are atypical declensions.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nouns&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Singular&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Singular&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Singular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//Ø//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ⁿd//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-bʰi//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-bʰiⁿd//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-l//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-te//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-on//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-js//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-json//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!friend&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽnd&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽl&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽte&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽtel&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽon&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽys&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!watermelon&lt;br /&gt;
|vilh&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilnd&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*vill&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhte&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhon&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhx&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!sun&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁ&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńamnd&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaml&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁte&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁon&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁx&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!moon&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗnd&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗl&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhte&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhon&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhx&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!day&lt;br /&gt;
|ma&lt;br /&gt;
|mand&lt;br /&gt;
|*mabhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*mabhind&lt;br /&gt;
|mal&lt;br /&gt;
|*mate&lt;br /&gt;
|*matel&lt;br /&gt;
|maon&lt;br /&gt;
|*mays&lt;br /&gt;
|*mayson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!night&lt;br /&gt;
|bhai&lt;br /&gt;
|bhaind&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaibhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaibhind&lt;br /&gt;
|bhail&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaite&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaitel&lt;br /&gt;
|bhaion&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaiys&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaiyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!day sky&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩnd&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩl&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩte&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩtel&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩon&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩys&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!night sky&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;att&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attand&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;attibhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attibhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attal&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;atte&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attel&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;atton&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;attis&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attison&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!cloud&lt;br /&gt;
|lhä&lt;br /&gt;
|lhänd&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|lhäl&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäte&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhätel&lt;br /&gt;
|lhäon&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäys&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!paper&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũnd&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;bhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;bhind&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũl&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;te&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;tel&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũ&#039;on&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;x&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;xon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!computer&lt;br /&gt;
|zhoto&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotond&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotobhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotobhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotol&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotote&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhototel&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotoon&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotoys&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotoyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!person&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadh&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhand&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhal&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadte&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadtel&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhon&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhx&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Verbs&lt;br /&gt;
!Intransitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//Ø//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-r̥//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ʊ̃//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ʊ̃r̥//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!like&lt;br /&gt;
|qad&lt;br /&gt;
|qatŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|qadõ&lt;br /&gt;
|qadõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!want&lt;br /&gt;
|chëk&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkõ&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!have&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!give&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõ&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõõ&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!receive/take&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;e&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!eat/drink&lt;br /&gt;
|mäx&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxõ&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!breathe&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhim&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!say&lt;br /&gt;
|ää&lt;br /&gt;
|ääŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ääõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ääõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!sing&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!go to&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!leave&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Adjectives&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//-β//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-i//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ɥ//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-l//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-te//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!happy&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaav&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaai&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaaw&lt;br /&gt;
|zaal&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaate&lt;br /&gt;
|zaatel&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!blue&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëv&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëi&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëw&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵël&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëte&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëtel&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -8 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!C&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
!V&lt;br /&gt;
!Non-Back&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* VS̥ʰ VS̬ʰ &amp;gt; V́S̥ V̀S̥ / _%&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)V(C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: any consonant except /ʔ h ɦ/&lt;br /&gt;
* V: any vowel&lt;br /&gt;
* C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: any consonant&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Transliterations ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Latin ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Kana ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|Ø}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;い&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ミ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;み&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ニ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;に&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;び&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ち&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぢ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;き&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぎ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;し&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;キ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ギ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゐ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;り&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;いぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;う&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;む&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぬ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぷ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;び&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;つ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;づ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;く&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぐ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ク&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;グ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;うぅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;る&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゆ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;え&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;メ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;め&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ネ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ね&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;べ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;て&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;で&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;け&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;げ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ケ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゲ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゑ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;れ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;いぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;お&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;モ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;も&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ノ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;の&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぽ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;と&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ど&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;こ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ご&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぉ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぉ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;コ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;を&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ろ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;よ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;あ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;マ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ま&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ナ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;な&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぱ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ば&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;た&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;だ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;か&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;が&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;カ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ガ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;わ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ら&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;や&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|Ø}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ニ゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;プ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ブ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ト&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ド&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ク゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ん&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;っ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;フ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;シ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ジ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ホ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ン&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゝ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゞ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ウ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ル&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;イ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -7 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect-7 divides words into 3 categories depending on how they can be perceived by the senses: proximal sensation, distal sensation, and general sensation. Deeplect -7-speakers recognize 6 senses in terms of these divisions: sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, and memory. The emotional sense refers to an individual being made to feel an emotion. The memorial sense refers to an individual forming a memory or recalling past memories.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Proximal sensation includes things whose perception is limited to a close range:&lt;br /&gt;
** any object by its texture&lt;br /&gt;
** whispering by sound&lt;br /&gt;
** blood by flavor&lt;br /&gt;
** paper by scent&lt;br /&gt;
** small insects by sight&lt;br /&gt;
** a dream by memory&lt;br /&gt;
* Distal sensation includes things whose perception is &#039;&#039;&#039;not&#039;&#039;&#039; limited to a close range:&lt;br /&gt;
** weather by its temperature&lt;br /&gt;
** shouting by sound&lt;br /&gt;
** chocolate by expectation-induced flavor&lt;br /&gt;
** a fart by scent&lt;br /&gt;
** a building by sight&lt;br /&gt;
** a bear at a zoo by memory&lt;br /&gt;
* General sensation always includes the conceptualization of an object, and senses that are more strongly associated with the concept of it than the sensation of it. Some objects have no associated sensations with them such as&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Often, what translates to a single word in English is split into two or three words depending on how they are experienced in a sentence.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Vocabulary List&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Deeplect -7&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |English&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Word&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Translation&lt;br /&gt;
!Context&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|general: &#039;&#039;visual, conceptual&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[sâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|distal: &#039;&#039;auditory, memorial&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[θâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|proximal: &#039;&#039;tactile, olfactory, gustatory&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -6 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Every word is 6 morae long.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -5 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -5 has a small consonant inventory with about half of its consonants being clicks. This small size is made up for in extreme allophony.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Dental&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Pulmonic&lt;br /&gt;
!Stop&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|hʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Click&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
X language has two levels of stress: primary and secondary. Primary stress is marked with vowel length and can have a high, low, falling, or rising tone. Secondary stress is marked with either a high or low tone. Primary stress is word-initial, but secondary stress is lexical.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|ẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
(C)(G)V(C); C = consonant; G = /t ʔ w j/; Q = click; V = vowel&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# pʔ tʔ &amp;gt; pʼ tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
# p t c ʔ s &amp;gt; b d ɟ ʔ̞ z / _{i,e} !{#,C̥}_&lt;br /&gt;
# d ǃ &amp;gt; ɟ ǂ / _i&lt;br /&gt;
# w l j &amp;gt; m n ɲ / {Ṽ_,_Ṽ}&lt;br /&gt;
# n t &amp;gt; ŋ k / _{u,ũ}&lt;br /&gt;
# l &amp;gt; ɾ / _{u,o,a}&lt;br /&gt;
# V &amp;gt; Ṽ / ᵑQ_&lt;br /&gt;
# ᵑǀw ᵑǃj &amp;gt; ᵑʘ ᵑǂ&lt;br /&gt;
# hʲ / Ø !_{i,ĩ,e,ẽ}&lt;br /&gt;
# QC / Ø !QC=!w&lt;br /&gt;
# CCC VVV ṼV VṼ CQ jʔ hʲʔ / Ø&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Romanization ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Vowel&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/p/&lt;br /&gt;
![p]&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
![b]&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/i/&lt;br /&gt;
![i]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
![ĩ]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/t/&lt;br /&gt;
![t]&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
![d]&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
![ɟ]&lt;br /&gt;
|dj&lt;br /&gt;
![k]&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
!/ĩ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ĩ]&lt;br /&gt;
|in&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ʔ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
![ʔ̞]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/u/&lt;br /&gt;
![u]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
![ũ]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/s/&lt;br /&gt;
![s]&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
![z]&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/ũ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ũ]&lt;br /&gt;
|un&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/hʲ/&lt;br /&gt;
![hʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/e/&lt;br /&gt;
![e]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
![ẽ]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/w/&lt;br /&gt;
![w]&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
![m]&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/ẽ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ẽ]&lt;br /&gt;
|en&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/l/&lt;br /&gt;
![l]&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
![ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
![n]&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
!/o/&lt;br /&gt;
![o]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
![õ]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/j/&lt;br /&gt;
![j]&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|nj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/a/&lt;br /&gt;
![a]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
![ã]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|cn&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǃ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǃ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qn&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǂ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qny&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/H/&lt;br /&gt;
![H]&lt;br /&gt;
|¯&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǀʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǀʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ch&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/L/&lt;br /&gt;
![L]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǃʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǃʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qh&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qh&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/HL/&lt;br /&gt;
![HL]&lt;br /&gt;
|ˋ&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǀˀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǀˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|c&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/LH&lt;br /&gt;
![LH]&lt;br /&gt;
|´&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǃˀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǃˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|q&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǂˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|q&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǀw/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑʘ]&lt;br /&gt;
|cm&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǃj/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǂ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qny&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -4.5 ==&lt;br /&gt;
This is a naturalistic dialect of Deeplect -4, used for situations where Deeplect -4 would be required to be naturalistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
All consonants can be lengthened except for /r̥ ɽ͡r ˀɽ/. All velars become palatal or palatalized after front vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tʼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʈ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɖ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|g&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡x&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡xʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ð&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɽ͡r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀʟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels and Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels have one of four tones: high, low, falling, and rising. Falling and rising tones are closer to the middle range than high or low. High tone is accompanied by preaspiration. On a word-initial vowel, the preaspiration is breathy. The preaspiration is converted into voiceless aspiration on any preceding voiceless consonant, and breathy voice on any preceding voiced consonant. Low tone is accompanied by creaky voice on the vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels are separated into 2 classes based on their phonotactic behavior and evolutionary history. Class 1 vowels have no phonotactic restrictions other than that they cannot form diphthongs with each other. These vowels originated from the proto-language&#039;s 3-vowel system /e a o/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Class 2 vowels must be preceded or followed by a consonant, or both, and cannot be adjacent to a Class 1 vowel. Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs with each other. These diphthongs use the same tone system as other vowels. Diphthongs with consonants involve sliding articulation. Class 2 diphthongs cannot be adjacent to each other and adhere to the same restrictions as Class 2 monophthongs. They are excluded from the charts because all Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs (or long vowels) with another and it is not specially notated in romanization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are three romanizations systems for Deeplect -4 which differ in vowel and tone notation. The Vohnegien&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Name created by [[Janus]].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; notation prioritized representing historical pronunciation such as syllabic consonants and their descendants being written with an vowel-initial diagraph upon which tones would be marked with diacritics. Vohnegien notation is seen as more outdated by some, but still used by a few scattered Deeplect -4-speaking regions and by linguists.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vohnegien Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨V⟩ here is used to represent a vowel, not the letter V.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̄&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̀&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V́&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Gritchend&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; approached notation from a modern pronunciation in which diacritics are used on consonants to show syllabicity and on vowels to show vowel quality. Gritchend elected to romanize tones with unused consonant letters. Gritchend notation is broadly considered the modern notation of the language and is used in most formal and informal contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Gritchend Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ń&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ḿ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the interest of avoiding the use of diacritics altogether, Vondenberg&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; combined the vowel notation of Vohnegien and tone notation of Gritchend. This more modern romanization is most often used in informal text messages and typing with decorative fonts, which often have poor diacritic support.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vondenberg Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -4 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
All consonants can be lengthened except for /r̥ ɽ͡r ˀɽ/.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tʼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʈ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|cʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɖ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c͡ç&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c͡çʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ç&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ð&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɽ͡r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʎ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀʎ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels and Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels have one of four tones: high, low, falling, and rising. Falling and rising tones are closer to the middle range than high or low. High tone is accompanied by preaspiration. On a word-initial vowel, the preaspiration is breathy. The preaspiration is converted into voiceless aspiration on any preceding voiceless consonant, and breathy voice on any preceding voiced consonant. Low tone is accompanied by creaky voice on the vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels are separated into 2 classes based on their phonotactic behavior and evolutionary history. Class 1 vowels have no phonotactic restrictions other than that they cannot form diphthongs with each other. These vowels originated from the proto-language&#039;s 3-vowel system /e a o/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Class 2 vowels must be preceded or followed by a consonant, or both, and cannot be adjacent to a Class 1 vowel. Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs with each other. These diphthongs use the same tone system as other vowels. Diphthongs with consonants involve sliding articulation. Class 2 diphthongs cannot be adjacent to each other and adhere to the same restrictions as Class 2 monophthongs. They are excluded from the charts because all Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs (or long vowels) with another and it is not specially notated in romanization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are three romanizations systems for Deeplect -4 which differ in vowel and tone notation. The Vohnegien&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; notation prioritized representing historical pronunciation such as syllabic consonants and their descendants being written with an vowel-initial diagraph upon which tones would be marked with diacritics. Vohnegien notation is seen as more outdated by some, but still used by a few scattered Deeplect -4-speaking regions and by linguists.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vohnegien Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨V⟩ here is used to represent a vowel, not the letter V.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̄&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̀&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V́&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Gritchend&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; approached notation from a modern pronunciation in which diacritics are used on consonants to show syllabicity and on vowels to show vowel quality. Gritchend elected to romanize tones with unused consonant letters. Gritchend notation is broadly considered the modern notation of the language and is used in most formal and informal contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Gritchend Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ń&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ḿ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the interest of avoiding the use of diacritics altogether, Vondenberg&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; combined the vowel notation of Vohnegien and tone notation of Gritchend. This more modern romanization is most often used in informal text messages and typing with decorative fonts, which often have poor diacritic support.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vondenberg Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -3 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-Click Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar/Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Laryngeal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Stop&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|p &#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡θ &#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t &#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s &#039;&#039;&#039;ts&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡ &#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d &#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡z &#039;&#039;&#039;dz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡ʒ &#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|g &#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s’ &#039;&#039;&#039;ts’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;q’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|ɓ &#039;&#039;&#039;b’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ &#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ &#039;&#039;&#039;gh’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ &#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s &#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ &#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ &#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ &#039;&#039;&#039;ž&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;š’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n &#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|β̞ &#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|lː &#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|r &#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|r̝ &#039;&#039;&#039;rz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Allophony ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* /t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ʃʼ ʄ k ɡ kʼ ɠ/ become [k͡x g͡ɣ k͡xʼ ɠ q ɢ qʼ ʛ] before low or back vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Click Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;mwh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘχ &#039;&#039;&#039;mwx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nzh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nzx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nkh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nllh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nllx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;njh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂχ &#039;&#039;&#039;njx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;mw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;wm&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;zn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;nk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;kn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;nll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;lln&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;jn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ploded&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;mw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘq &#039;&#039;&#039;mwq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀq &#039;&#039;&#039;nzq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃq &#039;&#039;&#039;nkq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁq &#039;&#039;&#039;nllq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂq &#039;&#039;&#039;njq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;wch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qʘχ &#039;&#039;&#039;wx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;zch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǀχ &#039;&#039;&#039;zx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;kch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǃχ &#039;&#039;&#039;kx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;llch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǁχ &#039;&#039;&#039;llx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;jch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǂχ &#039;&#039;&#039;jx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘx &#039;&#039;&#039;gwx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀx &#039;&#039;&#039;gzx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃx &#039;&#039;&#039;gkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁx &#039;&#039;&#039;gllx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂx &#039;&#039;&#039;gjx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;wh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;zh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;llh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gwh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gzh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gkh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gllh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gjh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘq &#039;&#039;&#039;wq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;cz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀq &#039;&#039;&#039;zq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;ck&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃq &#039;&#039;&#039;kq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;cll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁq &#039;&#039;&#039;llq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂq &#039;&#039;&#039;jq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;wg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;zg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;gk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;kg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;gll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;llg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;jg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;w’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;z’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;ll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;j’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gkʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gck’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;wc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;wq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;zc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;zq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;kc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;kq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;llc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;llq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
An apostrophe is placed between grapheme clusters that may be confused with whole graphemes, e.g. ⟨amwha⟩ is /a.ŋʘʰa/ and ⟨am’wha⟩ is /am.kʘʰa/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
The vowel qualities are /i u e o a ã/ ⟨i u e o a ã⟩, with the long vowels /iː uː ɛː ɔː ɑː ãː/ ⟨ī ū ē ō ā ãa⟩ and overlong vowels /iːː uːː eːːː oːːː aːːː ãːːː/ ⟨ii uu ee oo aa ãā⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The possible diphthongs are /ei eo oe oi ou oa ue ua ai ae au ao oã uã ãi ãe ãu ão/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phonations include modal, breathy ⟨◌h⟩, creaky ⟨◌’⟩, (all three of which can be pharyngealized ⟨◌·⟩), and strident ⟨◌ħ⟩. A long vowels and diphthongs can contain more than one phonation, but short and overlong vowels cannot.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels can be -ATR or +ATR ⟨◌y⟩, corresponding to tongue root harmony. This harmony can change voiceless plain stops to breathy stops (except /p/ which becomes [b]). It is a progressive harmony that begins from the start of a root word and is blocked by ejective and uvular consonants. +ATR is only romanized on the first vowel of a root word.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Allophony ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Vowels are nasalized whenever adjacent to nasal phonemes. /ã/ merges with /a/, so ⟨ã⟩ is not used adjacent to nasal phonemes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -2 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labiodental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɱ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɴ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Tense&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̪̊}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̪̊ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’tw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̥ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɟ̊}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɟ̊ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɢ̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɢ̥ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʡ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lax&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’dhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ghw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ð}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ðʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ðw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|zʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʝ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʝʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;yw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʁ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʁʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;xw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʜ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Vibrant&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ⱱ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|r}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|rʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|l̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|l}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʎ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʟ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Non-Front&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|í}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;í&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ì}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɨ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ú&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɨ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|é}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;é&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|è}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɘ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ó&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɘ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɐ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;á&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɐ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -1 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Grammar&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Gloss&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Description&lt;br /&gt;
!Examples&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!CAUS.GNO&lt;br /&gt;
|jɾa-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;production, resultation, consequence (gnomic and nouns)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kesˈteltɔ jɾaˈmiawa (earth brings life)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!CAUS&lt;br /&gt;
|ko-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;caused (tense, verbs only)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kes&#039;teltɔ koˈmiawe̤ (earth is causing life to exist)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOA&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -e̤&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of agent, MOA). MOA verbs receive an adverb? auxiliary verb? after, showing the precise action taking place if it isn&#039;t clear from the primary verb (it would be clear if the prim. verb was &amp;quot;to go to&amp;quot; but not if it&#039;s &amp;quot;to water&amp;quot;). unclear primary verbs used without secondary verbs are said to simply &amp;quot;be occuring&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;be existing&amp;quot;.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːje̤ (approaching water)&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtelte̤ (kicking the ground)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOS&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -ʕu&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of secondary thing, MOS). MOS places the object after the verb. objects and &amp;quot;secondary verbs&amp;quot; (referenced above) do not differ in marking&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːjʕu (splashing water on someone/watering something)&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈteltʕu (kicking dirt at something/someone)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOP&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -a(ʕim)&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of patient, MOP). MOP places its object before the verb. -ʕim is only added for formality, emphasis, or syntactic disambiguation.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːja(ʕim) ~ spraying water around&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtela(ʕim) ~ kicking up dirt&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
whether a verb is conjugated to MOA/MOS/MOP is determined by which action the speaker wants to focus on the most, even though usually 2 or 3 of them will be actually occuring&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
topic pronouns (marked for person, number, and obviation) are clitics that attach to a particle with some of their grammatical information (cases).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV1 ~ ũ=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV2 ~ nã=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV3 ~ ˈdeu=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV1 ~ in=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV2 ~ ja̤=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV3 ~ tḛːŋ=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV1 ~ ki=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV2 ~ ɾḛj=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV3 ~ aːn=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.PL.INCL ~ eˈdo=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.PL.EXCL ~ kʼe=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.PL.INCL ~ ˈkimi=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.PL.EXCL ~ ˈhuku=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV1 ~ sto=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV2 ~ ˈmihi=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV3 ~ aˈdoː=&lt;br /&gt;
# REFL ~ pi&lt;br /&gt;
#* used in stuff like drinking(MOS), eating(MOS), etc.&lt;br /&gt;
# nominative ~ i&lt;br /&gt;
# vocative ~ -ʃa̤,ja̤/i&#039;ja̤&lt;br /&gt;
# benefactive ~ -(ɾ)e/ri&lt;br /&gt;
# malefactive ~ -ḛːse/ḛːse&lt;br /&gt;
# dative ~ -ãw/ŋaw&lt;br /&gt;
# commitative ~ -(k,ɡ,ʼ)iː/kiː&lt;br /&gt;
# instrumental ~ -(s,z)ãʰː/zãʰː&lt;br /&gt;
# other case particles can be derived using class-less variants of words, which can get prefixed to a non-topic noun&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* sometimes the particle may be used alone instead of the pronoun clitic.&lt;br /&gt;
* the pronoun clitic can be attached to a word to show stronger volition toward that aspect of the action described in the sentence (i.e. TOP=[verb] for showing stronger intent for the action than the object, or TOP=[object] for the opposite). stronger volition toward one aspect often implies weaker volition or intent toward the rest (TOP=[verb] may imply accidentally affecting the object, and TOP=[object] may imply accidentally performing the action, but meaning to do something to the object).&lt;br /&gt;
* both or either of the pronoun clitic and particle may be omitted. omission only occurs in the event of redundance.&lt;br /&gt;
* there is a subject case particle.&lt;br /&gt;
* other NPs are listed in the beginning of the sentence in order of decreasing relevance. their cases (and conjunctions) are expressed in affixes, not a particle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* every part of speech has its own set of classes (they do not correspond to each other).&lt;br /&gt;
* modifiers are added by affixing the modifiee&#039;s class suffix and changing the modifiee&#039;s suffix to -aː (this assumes all classes affixes will be suffixes but maybe i wont do that)&lt;br /&gt;
*# kesˈteltɔ &#039;&#039;modified by&#039;&#039; beˈʔaɾa (cooled lava ground) &amp;gt; kesˈtelt&#039;&#039;&#039;-ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; beˈʔa-ɾa &amp;gt; kesˈtelt-aː beˈʔa-ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039;-ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;gt; kesˈteltaː beˈʔaɔ&lt;br /&gt;
* noun classes (suffixes and prefixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -a, -ɔ ~ fluid, changing (animals, thoughts, breath, wind, clothing, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ɾa ~ dangerous (lava, fire, poisonous food, weapon used, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# zũː- ~ machinery (car, computer, lock, some weapons merely existing)&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ- ~ valuable natural item (diamond, gold, ivory)&lt;br /&gt;
# tʰe- ~ material for use (wood, paper, ink, glue, metal, cloth)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ʔiː ~ natural (plants, sun, moon, dirt, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# -nõ ~ human, human-related concept, or thing altered by humanity (person, domesticated animals, weapon created, gods from secular perspective)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* verb classes (suffixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -e ~&lt;br /&gt;
# -l ~&lt;br /&gt;
# -a ~&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* adjective/adverb classes (prefixes):&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;unmarked&#039;&#039; ~ quality&lt;br /&gt;
* xe- ~ identity&lt;br /&gt;
* o- ~ relation&lt;br /&gt;
* adposition classes (suffixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* when creating a phrase or description, go with more actually-occurs options before hypothetical or culturally-specific ones (i.e. kesˈteltaː beˈʔaɾɔ is a ground of cooled lava, not the ground being molten lava as is pretended in the game &amp;quot;the floor is lava&amp;quot;, since the former is more likely to be used in a real situation than the latter)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtelt&#039;&#039;&#039;ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈbiːj&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kṵː&#039;&#039;&#039;ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ fire&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈmiaw&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ life&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;zũː&#039;&#039;&#039;kũː ~ metal, mechanical&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;kʰ&#039;&#039;&#039;uːihu ~ gold&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
beˈʔa&#039;&#039;&#039;ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ lava&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;ːsʼaː ~ wood&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
liˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ plant&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
oˈŋãi&#039;&#039;&#039;nõ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ human&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
eˈumĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ love&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
çiː&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ emotion(s)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
xkiˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ think, mind&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;nũː ~ paper&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;ˈʔjul ~ ink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;zũː&#039;&#039;&#039;mãi ~ pen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
he ~ move to&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
iːl ~ move at/in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ɬaː ~ express, release, secrete&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈtʰeŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ visible attribute&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kɔʔj&#039;&#039;&#039;ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ color, shadow, brightness, angle&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
tḛjjɔ ~ red, hot pink, orange, brown, violet&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
vɾiː ~ yellow, orange, lime, beige, white, pink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ħaːn ~ green, lime, evergreen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈijaɲ ~ cyan, mint&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈṳba ~ blue, indigo, purple, black&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
naːˈħal ~ dark yellow, muddy green&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ħũːe ~ correct, factual, verified, verifiable&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects&amp;diff=39526</id>
		<title>Trace Deeplects</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Trace_Deeplects&amp;diff=39526"/>
		<updated>2026-05-05T03:19:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Trace Deeplects&#039;&#039;&#039; are incomplete portions of languages that have been detected in experiments attempting to verif’ the [[Deep Dimensional]] theory. While the strongest evidence for Deep Dimensional is the languages that have inexplicably appeared, [[MARA]] experiments have found trace amounts of languages in their investigations, giving it more credibility. However, measurement error is not ruled out. This article will contain all the information on every Trace Deeplect. Trace Deeplects are listed in order of their negative discovery.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -E ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
|Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Laryngeal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|mʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Prenasalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑɡ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑɡʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tenuis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡z&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Short&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|x&lt;br /&gt;
|xʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Long&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|sː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -D ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Prepalatal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Prevelar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Postvelar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Emphatic&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Emphatic&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|mˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n &#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|nˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ̟ &#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṗh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʰʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;cv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;kv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lax&lt;br /&gt;
|p &#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|pˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṗ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t &#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ &#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡ &#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;qw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Tense&lt;br /&gt;
|b &#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|bˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḍ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c̟ʷʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Continuant&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s &#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ &#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;šw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ç &#039;&#039;&#039;hy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|xʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ &#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;xw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|h &#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|hʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;hw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l &#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣʲ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|w &#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ &#039;&#039;&#039;ġ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕʷ &#039;&#039;&#039;ġw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r &#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʀ &#039;&#039;&#039;ṛ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Syllabic Consonants ====&lt;br /&gt;
Syllabic consonants are romanized as double letters only when adjacent to two vowels or a nonsyllabic variant of each other.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Prepalatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Postvelar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;m, mm&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;n, nn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ŋ, ŋŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;s, ss&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;š, šš&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|x̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ḫ, ḫḫ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ̍ &#039;&#039;&#039;x, xx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;ħ, ħħ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;l, ll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩ &#039;&#039;&#039;r, rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Central&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e &#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ &#039;&#039;&#039;oy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o &#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Near-Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɐ &#039;&#039;&#039;ay&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a &#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pitch-Accent ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -D uses seven pitch accents: high (ā [ꜛaꜜ]), mid (a [a]), low (ȧ [ꜜaꜛ]), falling (à [ꜛâꜜ]), rising (á [ǎꜛ]), high-falling (â [âꜜ]), and dipping (ǎ [â]), which can be placed on any mora except for the final one. All vowels and all syllabic consonants can receive a pitch accent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;High&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent gives only one mora a high tone while the rest have low tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Mid&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent makes a word retain low tone throughout (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Low&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent gives one more a low tone while the rest have high tone (H-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-H)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Falling&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes the tone of one mora from high to low while the rest of the morae have a low tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HL&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Rising&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes one mora&#039;s tone from low to high while the preceding morae have a low tone and the following morae have a high tone (L-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;LH&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-H)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;High-falling&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes one mora&#039;s tone from high to mid while the preceding morae have a high tone and the following morae have a low tone (H-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HM&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-L)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Dipping&#039;&#039;&#039; pitch accent takes the tone of one mora from high to low while the rest of the morae have a mid tone (M-&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;HL&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;-M)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
(C)V&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Three of the same phoneme cannot occur in a row; syllabic consonants count as consonants in this rule.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
E: /e/, [i ɪ e̞ ɛ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Y: /ɲ̟ c̟ʰ c̟ʰʷ c̟ c̟ʷ c̟ʼ c̟ʷʼ ɕ ɕʷ ç j/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# /C₁C̩₁ C̩₁C₁/ = [C₁ːː C₁ːː]&lt;br /&gt;
# /C̩V VC̩/ = [CːV VCː]&lt;br /&gt;
# /e ɵ o/ = [e̞ ɵ̞ o̞]&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ o̞ ɵ̞ → ɛ ɞ ɔ / {_#,#_%,V_%}&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → ɪ ɵ ʊ ɘ ɜ / _Cː&lt;br /&gt;
# e̞ ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → i ʉ u ɨ ə / _Cːː&lt;br /&gt;
# ɵ̞ o̞ ɐ a → ø̞ ɵ̞ æ̝ æ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ɞ ɔ → œ ɞ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ʊ ɵ ɘ ɜ → ʉ̞ ø e ɛ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# u ʉ ɨ ə → ʉ y ɪ e̞ / {EC,Y}_&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ(ʷ) → ɴ(ʷ) / _{a,ɐ,ɔ,o,ʊ}&lt;br /&gt;
# ŋ(ʷ) → ɴ(ʷ) / {a,ɐ,ɔ,o,ʊ}_%&lt;br /&gt;
# C̩[-labial] → C̩[-labial]ʷ / C[+labial]_&lt;br /&gt;
# F̩[-voice] → F̩[+voice] / C[+voice]_&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Word Formation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -D&#039;s word formation is unusual. The etymology of words comes from an abstract dimension where tracing the language consistently to its proto-form becomes impossible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -C ṡżṠŻǎǔǐěǒẽĩũẙů ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonemic Inventory ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Onsets ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Coronal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Peripheral&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|nː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|mː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|tʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|kˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|tː&lt;br /&gt;
|tʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|tˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|kː&lt;br /&gt;
|kʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|kˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|sʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Geminated&lt;br /&gt;
|sː&lt;br /&gt;
|sʷː&lt;br /&gt;
|sʲː&lt;br /&gt;
|sˤː&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|lʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|lʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|lˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Nuclei ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Coronal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Lab.&lt;br /&gt;
!Pal.&lt;br /&gt;
!Lar.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Occlusive&lt;br /&gt;
!Spread glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|ḿ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|ń̩&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̩́&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Constricted glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|m̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|ǹ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|t̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|k̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Continuant&lt;br /&gt;
!Spread glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŕ̩&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʷʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ˤʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ó&lt;br /&gt;
|é&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Constricted glottis&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩̀&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|s̩ˤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ò&lt;br /&gt;
|è&lt;br /&gt;
|à&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# (C)V&lt;br /&gt;
# Geminates can only occur word-medially&lt;br /&gt;
# Syllabic obstruents cannot immediately precede a syllabic resonant.&lt;br /&gt;
# /n̩/ and /ŋ̩/ cannot be word-intial.&lt;br /&gt;
# Syllabic nasals can only be adjacent to vowels or other syllabic nasals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Allophony ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Secondary articulations in onsets are typically contained within the time of articulation of the main articulation. There may be an onglide, but never an offglide.&lt;br /&gt;
# Secondary articulations in nuclei very often result in an offglide, which is fricated in the case of aspirated consonants.&lt;br /&gt;
# Tenuis syllabic obstruents are geminated.&lt;br /&gt;
# /t͡sʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) s̩ʷ(ː) sʲ(ː) s̩ʲ(ː)/ are realized as [t͜s͡ɸ(ː) s͡ɸ(ː) s̩͡ɸ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɕ̩(ː)]&lt;br /&gt;
# /e o/ become [ɛ ɔ] following a pharyngealized consonant.&lt;br /&gt;
# /a/ becomes [e] after /e/, except when /e/ is [ɛ], then /a/ becomes [ɛ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /a/ becomes [o] after /o/, except when /o/ is [ɔ], then /a/ becomes [ɔ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /e/ becomes [i] after /e/.&lt;br /&gt;
# /o/ becomes [u] after /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /t(ː) t͡s(ː) s(ː) l n h/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ ɲ ç] and /e/ becomes [i].&lt;br /&gt;
#* /tʲ(ː) t͡sʲ(ː) sʲ(ː) lʲ/ merge with /t(ː) t͡s(ː) s(ː) l/ before /e/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tʷ(ː) t͡sʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) lʷ/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ] and /e/ becomes [y].&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tˤ(ː) t͡sˤ(ː) sˤ(ː) lˤ/ precede /e/, they become [c(ː) c͡ɕ(ː) ɕ(ː) ɾ] and /e/ becomes [ɛ].&lt;br /&gt;
# /t(ː) s(ː) l n h/ become [p(ː) s͡ɸ(ː) ⱱ̟ m ʍ] before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
#* /tʷ(ː) sʷ(ː) lʷ/ merge with /t(ː) s(ː) l/ before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
#* /n/ merges with [m] before /o/, but /nː/ remains [nː].&lt;br /&gt;
# /tʲ(ː) lʲ/ become [pʲ(ː) ⱱ̟ʲ] before /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
# When /tˤ(ː) lˤ/ precede /o/, they become [pˤ(ː) ⱱ̟ˤ] and /o/ becomes [ɔ].&lt;br /&gt;
# Word-initial /m̩/ assimilates to the place of articulation of the last phone of the previous word. If it cannot do so, it assimilates to the place of articulation of the following phone. If it cannot do so either, it remains [m̩].&lt;br /&gt;
# Word-initial /m̩/ experiences sandhi from the tone of the previous word&#039;s final syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
# /r̩/ becomes [l̩] when next to a vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
# Low tones become falling tones when preceded by only one phonemic high tone.&lt;br /&gt;
# High tones become rising tones when preceded by only one phonemic low tone.&lt;br /&gt;
# Low tones merge with high tones when preceded by a rising tone&lt;br /&gt;
# High tones merge with low tones when preceded by a falling tone&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Romanization ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Onsets&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Nuclei&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Phone&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![m]&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
![mː]&lt;br /&gt;
|mm&lt;br /&gt;
![í]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
![ì]&lt;br /&gt;
|ī&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![n]&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
![nː]&lt;br /&gt;
|nn&lt;br /&gt;
![ý]&lt;br /&gt;
|ü&lt;br /&gt;
![ỳ]&lt;br /&gt;
|û&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|nj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
![é]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
![è]&lt;br /&gt;
|ē&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
![ɛ́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ë&lt;br /&gt;
![ɛ̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|ê&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![p]&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
![pː]&lt;br /&gt;
|pp&lt;br /&gt;
![á]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
![à]&lt;br /&gt;
|ā&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![pʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|pj&lt;br /&gt;
![pʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ppj&lt;br /&gt;
![ú]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
![ù]&lt;br /&gt;
|ū&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![pˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|pg&lt;br /&gt;
![pˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ppg&lt;br /&gt;
![ó]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
![ò]&lt;br /&gt;
|ō&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t]&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
![tː]&lt;br /&gt;
|tt&lt;br /&gt;
![ɔ́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ö&lt;br /&gt;
![ɔ̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|ô&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tv&lt;br /&gt;
![tʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttv&lt;br /&gt;
![ḿ̩, ḿ̩ʲ, ḿ̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ym&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;⟨y⟩ may optionally be omitted if the syllabic consonant follows a vowel but does not precede one.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![m̩̀, m̩̀ʲ, m̩̀ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tj&lt;br /&gt;
![tʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttj&lt;br /&gt;
![ń̩, ń̩ʷ, ń̩ʲ, ń̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yn&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ǹ̩, ǹ̩ʷ, ǹ̩ʲ, ǹ̩ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’n&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![tˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|tg&lt;br /&gt;
![tˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ttg&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ̩́]&lt;br /&gt;
|ynj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’nj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![c]&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
![cː]&lt;br /&gt;
|cc&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ̩́, ŋ̩́ʷ, ŋ̩́ʲ, ŋ̩́ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yng&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ̩̀, ŋ̩̀ʷ, ŋ̩̀ʲ, ŋ̩̀ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|’ng&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![k]&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
![kː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kk&lt;br /&gt;
![ŕ̩]&lt;br /&gt;
|yr&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![r̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kv&lt;br /&gt;
![kʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkv&lt;br /&gt;
![ĺ̩]&lt;br /&gt;
|yl&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![l̩̀]&lt;br /&gt;
|’l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kj&lt;br /&gt;
![kʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkj&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʷʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ytv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’tv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![kˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|kg&lt;br /&gt;
![kˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|kkg&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʲʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ytj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’tj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡s]&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zz&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yt&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![t̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’t&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͜s͡ɸ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zv&lt;br /&gt;
![t͜s͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzv&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʷʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ykv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʷː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’kv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zj&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzj&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʲʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ykj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ʲː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’kj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|zg&lt;br /&gt;
![t͡sˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|zzg&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|yk&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![k̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![c͡ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|x&lt;br /&gt;
![c͡ɕː]&lt;br /&gt;
|xx&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩͡ɸʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ysv&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’sv&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![s]&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
![sː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ss&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩ˤʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ys&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![s̩ˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’s&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![s͡ɸ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sv&lt;br /&gt;
![s͡ɸː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssv&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ̩ʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ysj&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ̩ː]&lt;br /&gt;
|’sj&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![sˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sg&lt;br /&gt;
![sˤː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕ]&lt;br /&gt;
|sj&lt;br /&gt;
![ɕː]&lt;br /&gt;
|ssj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ç]&lt;br /&gt;
|hj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ʍ]&lt;br /&gt;
|hv&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![h]&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟]&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟ʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|bj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ⱱ̟ˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|bg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![l]&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lʷ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lv&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![lˤ]&lt;br /&gt;
|lg&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
![ɰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vocabulary ===&lt;br /&gt;
mākvylo (car) {{Ipa|/màkʷŕ̩ó/ [ma˩kʷl̩˩˥o˥]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
haerī (bicycle) {{Ipa|/háélì/ [ha˥e˥ɾi˥˩]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
boccü (dog) {{Ipa|/lótʷːé/ [ⱱ̟o˥cːy˥]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
mō’kv (person) {{Ipa|/mòk̩ʷː/ [mo˩k̩ːʷ]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
akām (dot) {{Ipa|/ákàm̩̀/ [a˥ka˥˩m̩˩]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -B ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |PULMONIC&lt;br /&gt;
CONSONANTS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Pharyngeal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|m~w̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n~ɾ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ~j̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ~ɰ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀm&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|b͡pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;bp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ d͡tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;th dt&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲʰ d͡tʲʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ch dc&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|qʰ ɡ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kh gk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ d͡tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t’ dt’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʲʼ d͡tʲʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’ dc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ ɢ͡qʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’ gk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!implosive&lt;br /&gt;
|ɓ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;b’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|b͡β&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;bv&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cs&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ͡ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;yy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡x ɡ͡ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kx gx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡t͜sʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ds&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡t͜ɕʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dcs&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡k͜xʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ɕʼ d͡t͜ɕʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cs’ dcs’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡xʼ ɡ͡k͜xʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kx’ gx’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|β&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɮ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɕ ɮʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s zy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|x~χ ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|w~b&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|l~d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰ~ɡ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʜ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
p ś ł ṭ ṣ j&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |CLICKS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Prealveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nśh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nłh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;njh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mp’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; |Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!delayed release&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;pk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃ͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|‼͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼋͡kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;pk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;śk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;łk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃ͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṭk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|‼͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ṣk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|𝼋͡kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
!plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gś&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gł&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gph&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gśh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;głh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋ʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gjh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ʘˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gp’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gś’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǁˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gł’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡ǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṭ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡‼ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gṣ’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɡ͡𝼋ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!VOWELS&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|i̝&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ii&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|u̝&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|i~ɪ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|u~ʊ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ə ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ẹ  oy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɞ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ọy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ọ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ạ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Words can either be monosyllabic and contain contour or level tones, or be polysyllabic and only contain level tones.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!TONES&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!High&lt;br /&gt;
|H&lt;br /&gt;
|HM&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|M&lt;br /&gt;
|ML&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Low&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|LM&lt;br /&gt;
|L&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -A ==&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -A is intended to create a manner of communication that involves very little complexity, whether that be phonological, grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic, and therefore easy and intuitive to learn from any linguistic background. Words do not take on parts of speech (noun, verb, etc.) or grammatical roles (subject, object, etc.) typical of natural languages. The syntactic structure is based purely on the relationships of emphasized words, unemphasized words, and pauses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Vocabulary&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* small: ki&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe small size, quantity, height, social position, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* big: on&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe large size, quantity, height, social position, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* move: ne&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe living things, fluids, motion, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* stay: at&lt;br /&gt;
** can be used to describe unmoving things, solids, the ground, some locations, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* subject: e (subject of discussion, not gramamtical subject)&lt;br /&gt;
* not: su&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Syntax&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; = unemphasized word; &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; = emphasized word&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* uE: &#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; performs as a topic, &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; performs as a comment modifying the topic.&lt;br /&gt;
* Eu: &#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039; performs as a novel topic, &#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039; performs as a comment modifying the novel topic.&lt;br /&gt;
* u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks plurality&lt;br /&gt;
* E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks emphasis&lt;br /&gt;
* u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;/E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: marks addition or comparison depending on context&lt;br /&gt;
* Lack of pauses indicate a continuous idea.&lt;br /&gt;
* Brief pauses (marked with commas) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the previous one.&lt;br /&gt;
* Medial pauses (marked with periods ) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the multiple previous ideas. Which previous ideas they are is left up to context.&lt;br /&gt;
* Long pauses (marked with elipses) indicate the beginning of an idea unrelates to the previous ones.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Expressions&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Ownership is expressed with &amp;quot;e ON e KI&amp;quot;, translating to &amp;quot;This is big and/but that is small.&amp;quot; This can also be used to compare sizes or quantities of &amp;quot;this&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;that&amp;quot;, depending on context.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big and small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e on e ki&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This, a big thing, that, and a small thing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON E KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big, the other thing, and small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON, e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;This is big, meanwhile that is small.&amp;quot; This is more often used for comparison of the sizes between &amp;quot;this&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;that&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;e ON. e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;...and this is big. Additionally, that is small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;E on, e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;As for this, this is big, and/but that is small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;E on e KI&amp;quot; translates to &amp;quot;As for this, this is big and the other thing. There is also a small thing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -9 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonant ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Laryngeal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m̥&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑʇ&lt;br /&gt;
|n̥&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;mh/ṁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nh/ṅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ny/ņ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ňh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|pʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|bʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏʇʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|dʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʰʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʰᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ph&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;bh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǰh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ķh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|tɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|cʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;č&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǰ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ķ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Rhinoglottic&lt;br /&gt;
|pʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵐb&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏʇˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ⁿd&lt;br /&gt;
|tɕʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᶮɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᶮɟʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑg&lt;br /&gt;
|kʲʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑgʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|kᶣʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑgᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;pp&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nb&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;zz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;tt&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nd&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;cc&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;jj&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǰ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;kk&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ḱḱ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǵ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǩǩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;nǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|ɸ&lt;br /&gt;
|β&lt;br /&gt;
|θ~s̪&lt;br /&gt;
|ð~z̪&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|ç&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|çʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʁᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ç&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ś&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ź&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ž&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǵ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l̥&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɥ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ̞&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;lh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tap&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥ʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾ̥ᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɾᶣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;rh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;řh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ř&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŗh&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ŗ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Unround&lt;br /&gt;
!Round&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|ỹ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɨ&lt;br /&gt;
|ɨ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʊ̃&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;õ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|ẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|ø̃&lt;br /&gt;
|ɘ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ẽ&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ë&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|ɛ~æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɔ~ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Grammar ===&lt;br /&gt;
Nouns usually have either feminine or masculine gender. Nouns and proper nouns referring to people can have feminine, masculine, or femasculine. Proper nouns not referring to people are always femasculine. There is some precedent for nouns or proper nouns with the opposite gender that they&#039;re supposed to have being used for alternative versions of the original word. This is primarily used in fiction and physics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -9 has a complex way of marking gender, topic, number, transitivity, specificity, and adjectives that makes them interconnected.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc //-bʰi//, //-te//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem //-ⁿd//, //-l//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc //-bʰiⁿd//, //-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Noun Declensions (&#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Topic within noun phrase&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Topic not within noun phrase&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Subject&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Object&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Subject&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Object&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Noun Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjective Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Noun Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjective Topic&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Generic&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |V &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Singular&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadte&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachte&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaach&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaach&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhal&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhol&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhon&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhon&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadtel&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachontel&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaachon&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaachon&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadte&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhite&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadbhi&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhi&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhal&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhandal&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadtel&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhindel&#039;&#039; S&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039; V O&lt;br /&gt;
|V O &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|S V &#039;&#039;lhaadhbhind&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Plural&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Distributive&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Specific&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Verbs&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Intransitive&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Adjectives&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the following charts, small asterisked words are atypical declensions.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nouns&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Singular&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Singular&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Singular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//Ø//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ⁿd//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-bʰi//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-bʰiⁿd//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-l//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-te//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-on//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-js//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-json//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!friend&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽnd&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽl&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽte&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽtel&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽon&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽys&lt;br /&gt;
|chẽyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!watermelon&lt;br /&gt;
|vilh&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilnd&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*vill&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhte&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhon&lt;br /&gt;
|vilhx&lt;br /&gt;
|*vilhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!sun&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁ&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńamnd&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaml&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁte&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁon&lt;br /&gt;
|ńaṁx&lt;br /&gt;
|*ńaṁxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!moon&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗnd&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗl&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhte&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhtel&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhon&lt;br /&gt;
|ḱḱuŗhx&lt;br /&gt;
|*ḱḱuŗhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!day&lt;br /&gt;
|ma&lt;br /&gt;
|mand&lt;br /&gt;
|*mabhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*mabhind&lt;br /&gt;
|mal&lt;br /&gt;
|*mate&lt;br /&gt;
|*matel&lt;br /&gt;
|maon&lt;br /&gt;
|*mays&lt;br /&gt;
|*mayson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!night&lt;br /&gt;
|bhai&lt;br /&gt;
|bhaind&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaibhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaibhind&lt;br /&gt;
|bhail&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaite&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaitel&lt;br /&gt;
|bhaion&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaiys&lt;br /&gt;
|*bhaiyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!day sky&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩnd&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩl&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩte&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩtel&lt;br /&gt;
|cĩĩon&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩys&lt;br /&gt;
|*cĩĩyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!night sky&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;att&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attand&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;attibhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attibhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attal&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;atte&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attel&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;atton&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;attis&lt;br /&gt;
|*&#039;attison&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!cloud&lt;br /&gt;
|lhä&lt;br /&gt;
|lhänd&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|lhäl&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäte&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhätel&lt;br /&gt;
|lhäon&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäys&lt;br /&gt;
|*lhäyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!paper&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũ&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũnd&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;bhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;bhind&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũl&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;te&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;tel&lt;br /&gt;
|nzũ&#039;on&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;x&lt;br /&gt;
|*nzũ&#039;xon&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!computer&lt;br /&gt;
|zhoto&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotond&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotobhi&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotobhind&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotol&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotote&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhototel&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotoon&lt;br /&gt;
|zhotoys&lt;br /&gt;
|*zhotoyson&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!person&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadh&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhand&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhbhi&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhbhind&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhal&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadte&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadtel&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhon&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhx&lt;br /&gt;
|lhaadhxon&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Verbs&lt;br /&gt;
!Intransitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Transitive&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//Ø//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-r̥//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ʊ̃//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ʊ̃r̥//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!like&lt;br /&gt;
|qad&lt;br /&gt;
|qatŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|qadõ&lt;br /&gt;
|qadõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!want&lt;br /&gt;
|chëk&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkõ&lt;br /&gt;
|chëkõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!have&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ṁẽõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!give&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõ&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõõ&lt;br /&gt;
|zzõõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!receive/take&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;e&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ń&#039;eõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!eat/drink&lt;br /&gt;
|mäx&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxõ&lt;br /&gt;
|mäxõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!breathe&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhim&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ňhimõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!say&lt;br /&gt;
|ää&lt;br /&gt;
|ääŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|ääõ&lt;br /&gt;
|ääõŗh&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!sing&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!go to&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!leave&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Adjectives&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc&lt;br /&gt;
!Fem Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Masc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
!Femasc Topic&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!//-β//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-i//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-ɥ//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-l//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-te//&lt;br /&gt;
!//-tel//&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!happy&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaav&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaai&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaaw&lt;br /&gt;
|zaal&lt;br /&gt;
|zzaate&lt;br /&gt;
|zaatel&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!blue&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëv&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëi&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëw&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵël&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëte&lt;br /&gt;
|ǵëtel&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -8 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!C&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
!V&lt;br /&gt;
!Non-Back&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* VS̥ʰ VS̬ʰ &amp;gt; V́S̥ V̀S̥ / _%&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)V(C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: any consonant except /ʔ h ɦ/&lt;br /&gt;
* V: any vowel&lt;br /&gt;
* C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;: any consonant&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Transliterations ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Latin ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;mh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ny&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Kana ====&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|Ø}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|m̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|n̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|pʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|bʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|tʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|dʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|kʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɡʰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʔ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɸ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|β}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʃ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ʒ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|x}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɣ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|h}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɦ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɾ}}&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|i̞}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;い&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ミ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;み&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ニ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;に&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;び&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ち&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぢ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;き&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぎ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;し&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;キ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ギ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゐ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;り&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;いぃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ɯ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;う&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;む&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぬ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぷ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;び&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;つ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;づ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;く&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぐ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じゅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ク&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;グ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;うぅ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;る&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゆ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|ə}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;え&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;メ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;め&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ネ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ね&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;べ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;て&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;で&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;け&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;げ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ケ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゲ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゑ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;れ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;いぇ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|o}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;お&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;モ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;も&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ノ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;の&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぽ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;と&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ど&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;こ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ご&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぉ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぉ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じょ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;コ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;を&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ろ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;よ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;あ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;マ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ま&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ナ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;な&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;にゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ぱ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ば&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;た&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;だ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;か&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;が&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ふぁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゔぁ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;しゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;じゃ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;カ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ガ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;わ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ら&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;や&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!{{ipa|Ø}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ム゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヌ゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ニ゙&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;プ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ブ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ト&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ド&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ク゚&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ん&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;っ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;フ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ヴ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;シ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ジ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ホ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ン&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゝ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ゞ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ウ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ル&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;イ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -7 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect-7 divides words into 3 categories depending on how they can be perceived by the senses: proximal sensation, distal sensation, and general sensation. Deeplect -7-speakers recognize 6 senses in terms of these divisions: sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, and memory. The emotional sense refers to an individual being made to feel an emotion. The memorial sense refers to an individual forming a memory or recalling past memories.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Proximal sensation includes things whose perception is limited to a close range:&lt;br /&gt;
** any object by its texture&lt;br /&gt;
** whispering by sound&lt;br /&gt;
** blood by flavor&lt;br /&gt;
** paper by scent&lt;br /&gt;
** small insects by sight&lt;br /&gt;
** a dream by memory&lt;br /&gt;
* Distal sensation includes things whose perception is &#039;&#039;&#039;not&#039;&#039;&#039; limited to a close range:&lt;br /&gt;
** weather by its temperature&lt;br /&gt;
** shouting by sound&lt;br /&gt;
** chocolate by expectation-induced flavor&lt;br /&gt;
** a fart by scent&lt;br /&gt;
** a building by sight&lt;br /&gt;
** a bear at a zoo by memory&lt;br /&gt;
* General sensation always includes the conceptualization of an object, and senses that are more strongly associated with the concept of it than the sensation of it. Some objects have no associated sensations with them such as&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Often, what translates to a single word in English is split into two or three words depending on how they are experienced in a sentence.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Vocabulary List&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Deeplect -7&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |English&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Word&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Translation&lt;br /&gt;
!Context&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|general: &#039;&#039;visual, conceptual&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[sâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|distal: &#039;&#039;auditory, memorial&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[θâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|paper&lt;br /&gt;
|proximal: &#039;&#039;tactile, olfactory, gustatory&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|[nâˀ]|test=}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -6 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Every word is 6 morae long.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -5 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
Deeplect -5 has a small consonant inventory with about half of its consonants being clicks. This small size is made up for in extreme allophony.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
!Labial&lt;br /&gt;
!Dental&lt;br /&gt;
!Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
!Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Pulmonic&lt;br /&gt;
!Stop&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|hʲ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glide&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Click&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑǀ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵑǃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǀʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǃʰ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǀˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|ᵏǃˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
X language has two levels of stress: primary and secondary. Primary stress is marked with vowel length and can have a high, low, falling, or rising tone. Secondary stress is marked with either a high or low tone. Primary stress is word-initial, but secondary stress is lexical.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|ẽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonotactics ===&lt;br /&gt;
(C)(G)V(C); C = consonant; G = /t ʔ w j/; Q = click; V = vowel&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# pʔ tʔ &amp;gt; pʼ tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
# p t c ʔ s &amp;gt; b d ɟ ʔ̞ z / _{i,e} !{#,C̥}_&lt;br /&gt;
# d ǃ &amp;gt; ɟ ǂ / _i&lt;br /&gt;
# w l j &amp;gt; m n ɲ / {Ṽ_,_Ṽ}&lt;br /&gt;
# n t &amp;gt; ŋ k / _{u,ũ}&lt;br /&gt;
# l &amp;gt; ɾ / _{u,o,a}&lt;br /&gt;
# V &amp;gt; Ṽ / ᵑQ_&lt;br /&gt;
# ᵑǀw ᵑǃj &amp;gt; ᵑʘ ᵑǂ&lt;br /&gt;
# hʲ / Ø !_{i,ĩ,e,ẽ}&lt;br /&gt;
# QC / Ø !QC=!w&lt;br /&gt;
# CCC VVV ṼV VṼ CQ jʔ hʲʔ / Ø&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Romanization ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
!Vowel&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/p/&lt;br /&gt;
![p]&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
![b]&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/i/&lt;br /&gt;
![i]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
![ĩ]&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/t/&lt;br /&gt;
![t]&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
![d]&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
![ɟ]&lt;br /&gt;
|dj&lt;br /&gt;
![k]&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
!/ĩ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ĩ]&lt;br /&gt;
|in&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ʔ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ʔ]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
![ʔ̞]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/u/&lt;br /&gt;
![u]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
![ũ]&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/s/&lt;br /&gt;
![s]&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
![z]&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/ũ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ũ]&lt;br /&gt;
|un&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/hʲ/&lt;br /&gt;
![hʲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/e/&lt;br /&gt;
![e]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
![ẽ]&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/w/&lt;br /&gt;
![w]&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
![m]&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/ẽ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ẽ]&lt;br /&gt;
|en&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/l/&lt;br /&gt;
![l]&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
![ɾ]&lt;br /&gt;
|r&lt;br /&gt;
![n]&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
![ŋ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
!/o/&lt;br /&gt;
![o]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
![õ]&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/j/&lt;br /&gt;
![j]&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
![ɲ]&lt;br /&gt;
|nj&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/a/&lt;br /&gt;
![a]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
![ã]&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|cn&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Romanization&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǃ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǃ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qn&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǂ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qny&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/H/&lt;br /&gt;
![H]&lt;br /&gt;
|¯&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǀʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǀʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|ch&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/L/&lt;br /&gt;
![L]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǃʰ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǃʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qh&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǂʰ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qh&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/HL/&lt;br /&gt;
![HL]&lt;br /&gt;
|ˋ&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǀˀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǀˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|c&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!/LH&lt;br /&gt;
![LH]&lt;br /&gt;
|´&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵏǃˀ/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǃˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|q&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵏǂˀ]&lt;br /&gt;
|q&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǀw/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑʘ]&lt;br /&gt;
|cm&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!/ᵑǃj/&lt;br /&gt;
![ᵑǂ]&lt;br /&gt;
|qny&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -4.5 ==&lt;br /&gt;
This is a naturalistic dialect of Deeplect -4, used for situations where Deeplect -4 would be required to be naturalistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
All consonants can be lengthened except for /r̥ ɽ͡r ˀɽ/. All velars become palatal or palatalized after front vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tʼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʈ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɖ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|g&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡x&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k͡xʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|x&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ð&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɽ͡r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀʟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels and Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels have one of four tones: high, low, falling, and rising. Falling and rising tones are closer to the middle range than high or low. High tone is accompanied by preaspiration. On a word-initial vowel, the preaspiration is breathy. The preaspiration is converted into voiceless aspiration on any preceding voiceless consonant, and breathy voice on any preceding voiced consonant. Low tone is accompanied by creaky voice on the vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels are separated into 2 classes based on their phonotactic behavior and evolutionary history. Class 1 vowels have no phonotactic restrictions other than that they cannot form diphthongs with each other. These vowels originated from the proto-language&#039;s 3-vowel system /e a o/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Class 2 vowels must be preceded or followed by a consonant, or both, and cannot be adjacent to a Class 1 vowel. Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs with each other. These diphthongs use the same tone system as other vowels. Diphthongs with consonants involve sliding articulation. Class 2 diphthongs cannot be adjacent to each other and adhere to the same restrictions as Class 2 monophthongs. They are excluded from the charts because all Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs (or long vowels) with another and it is not specially notated in romanization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are three romanizations systems for Deeplect -4 which differ in vowel and tone notation. The Vohnegien&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Name created by [[Janus]].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; notation prioritized representing historical pronunciation such as syllabic consonants and their descendants being written with an vowel-initial diagraph upon which tones would be marked with diacritics. Vohnegien notation is seen as more outdated by some, but still used by a few scattered Deeplect -4-speaking regions and by linguists.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vohnegien Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨V⟩ here is used to represent a vowel, not the letter V.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̄&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̀&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V́&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Gritchend&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; approached notation from a modern pronunciation in which diacritics are used on consonants to show syllabicity and on vowels to show vowel quality. Gritchend elected to romanize tones with unused consonant letters. Gritchend notation is broadly considered the modern notation of the language and is used in most formal and informal contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Gritchend Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ń&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ḿ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the interest of avoiding the use of diacritics altogether, Vondenberg&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; combined the vowel notation of Vohnegien and tone notation of Gritchend. This more modern romanization is most often used in informal text messages and typing with decorative fonts, which often have poor diacritic support.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vondenberg Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -4 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
All consonants can be lengthened except for /r̥ ɽ͡r ˀɽ/.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Postalveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀn&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɳ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɲ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tʼ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʈ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|cʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɖ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɟ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡sʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c͡ç&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|c͡çʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ç&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;sj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|z&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʝ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ð&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiceless&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|r̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;hr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɽ͡r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀɽ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʎ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˀʎ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels and Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels have one of four tones: high, low, falling, and rising. Falling and rising tones are closer to the middle range than high or low. High tone is accompanied by preaspiration. On a word-initial vowel, the preaspiration is breathy. The preaspiration is converted into voiceless aspiration on any preceding voiceless consonant, and breathy voice on any preceding voiced consonant. Low tone is accompanied by creaky voice on the vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels are separated into 2 classes based on their phonotactic behavior and evolutionary history. Class 1 vowels have no phonotactic restrictions other than that they cannot form diphthongs with each other. These vowels originated from the proto-language&#039;s 3-vowel system /e a o/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Class 2 vowels must be preceded or followed by a consonant, or both, and cannot be adjacent to a Class 1 vowel. Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs with each other. These diphthongs use the same tone system as other vowels. Diphthongs with consonants involve sliding articulation. Class 2 diphthongs cannot be adjacent to each other and adhere to the same restrictions as Class 2 monophthongs. They are excluded from the charts because all Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs (or long vowels) with another and it is not specially notated in romanization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are three romanizations systems for Deeplect -4 which differ in vowel and tone notation. The Vohnegien&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; notation prioritized representing historical pronunciation such as syllabic consonants and their descendants being written with an vowel-initial diagraph upon which tones would be marked with diacritics. Vohnegien notation is seen as more outdated by some, but still used by a few scattered Deeplect -4-speaking regions and by linguists.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vohnegien Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨V⟩ here is used to represent a vowel, not the letter V.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̄&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V̀&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V́&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Gritchend&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; approached notation from a modern pronunciation in which diacritics are used on consonants to show syllabicity and on vowels to show vowel quality. Gritchend elected to romanize tones with unused consonant letters. Gritchend notation is broadly considered the modern notation of the language and is used in most formal and informal contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Gritchend Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vohn.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ń&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ḿ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ũ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ĺ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ü&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ŕ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ä&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ö&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
In the interest of avoiding the use of diacritics altogether, Vondenberg&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:02&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; combined the vowel notation of Vohnegien and tone notation of Gritchend. This more modern romanization is most often used in informal text messages and typing with decorative fonts, which often have poor diacritic support.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;12&amp;quot; |Vondenberg Notation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |Non-labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Extra-Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Vond.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Class 1&lt;br /&gt;
!Monophthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|je&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ie&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɰɤ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|wo&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uo&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Class 2&lt;br /&gt;
!Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|n̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ĩ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɱ̍&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;am&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ũ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|l̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;al&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iy&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|y&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʉ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;eu&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|r̩&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|æ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɑ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ao&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɵ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;au&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Tones&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-H&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |-L&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Grit.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |H-&lt;br /&gt;
|ʰV́&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̂&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sb&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |L-&lt;br /&gt;
|V̌&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sp&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|V̰̀&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Sq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -3 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Non-Click Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar/Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Laryngeal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Stop&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|p &#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡θ &#039;&#039;&#039;th&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t &#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s &#039;&#039;&#039;ts&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|k &#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʡ &#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|d &#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡z &#039;&#039;&#039;dz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|d͡ʒ &#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|g &#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡s’ &#039;&#039;&#039;ts’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|t͡ʃʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;ch’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;c’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʔˤ &#039;&#039;&#039;q’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|ɓ &#039;&#039;&#039;b’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ɗ &#039;&#039;&#039;d’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʄ &#039;&#039;&#039;gh’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɠ &#039;&#039;&#039;g’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|s &#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃ &#039;&#039;&#039;š&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χ &#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ħ &#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʒ &#039;&#039;&#039;ž&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʕ &#039;&#039;&#039;ǧ&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ʃʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;š’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|χʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;x’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|m &#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|n &#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋ &#039;&#039;&#039;ň&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|β̞ &#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|lː &#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|r &#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|r̝ &#039;&#039;&#039;rz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|j &#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Allophony ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* /t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ʃʼ ʄ k ɡ kʼ ɠ/ become [k͡x g͡ɣ k͡xʼ ɠ q ɢ qʼ ʛ] before low or back vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Click Consonant&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Bilabial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
!Velar&lt;br /&gt;
!Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricated&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;mwh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘχ &#039;&#039;&#039;mwx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nzh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nzx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nkh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;nllh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁχ &#039;&#039;&#039;nllx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;njh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂχ &#039;&#039;&#039;njx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;mw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;wm&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;zn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;nk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;kn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;nll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;lln&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;jn&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ploded&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;mw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴʘq &#039;&#039;&#039;mwq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǀq &#039;&#039;&#039;nzq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǃq &#039;&#039;&#039;nkq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǁq &#039;&#039;&#039;nllq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ŋǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;nj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɴǂq &#039;&#039;&#039;njq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; |Oral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;wch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qʘχ &#039;&#039;&#039;wx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;zch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǀχ &#039;&#039;&#039;zx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;kch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǃχ &#039;&#039;&#039;kx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;llch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǁχ &#039;&#039;&#039;llx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂk͡x &#039;&#039;&#039;jch&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|qǂχ &#039;&#039;&#039;jx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘx &#039;&#039;&#039;gwx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀx &#039;&#039;&#039;gzx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃx &#039;&#039;&#039;gkx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁx &#039;&#039;&#039;gllx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂx &#039;&#039;&#039;gjx&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Aspirated&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;wh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;zh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;kh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;llh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂʰ &#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gwh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gzh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gkh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gllh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂʱ &#039;&#039;&#039;gjh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘq &#039;&#039;&#039;wq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;cz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀq &#039;&#039;&#039;zq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;ck&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃq &#039;&#039;&#039;kq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;cll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁq &#039;&#039;&#039;llq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;cj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂq &#039;&#039;&#039;jq&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gʘ &#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;wg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gz&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;zg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǃ &#039;&#039;&#039;gk&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;kg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǁ &#039;&#039;&#039;gll&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;llg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gǂ &#039;&#039;&#039;gj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂɢ &#039;&#039;&#039;jg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Glottalized&lt;br /&gt;
|kʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;w’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;z’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;k’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;ll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|kǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;j’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|gkʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqʘˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqw’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǀˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqz’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gck’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǃˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqk’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǁˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqll’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|gkǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gcj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ɢqǂˀ &#039;&#039;&#039;gqj’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Ejective&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;wc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ʘqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;wq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;zc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǀqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;zq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;kc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǃqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;kq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;llc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǁqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;llq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂkʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jc’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ǂqʼ &#039;&#039;&#039;jq’&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
An apostrophe is placed between grapheme clusters that may be confused with whole graphemes, e.g. ⟨amwha⟩ is /a.ŋʘʰa/ and ⟨am’wha⟩ is /am.kʘʰa/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
The vowel qualities are /i u e o a ã/ ⟨i u e o a ã⟩, with the long vowels /iː uː ɛː ɔː ɑː ãː/ ⟨ī ū ē ō ā ãa⟩ and overlong vowels /iːː uːː eːːː oːːː aːːː ãːːː/ ⟨ii uu ee oo aa ãā⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The possible diphthongs are /ei eo oe oi ou oa ue ua ai ae au ao oã uã ãi ãe ãu ão/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phonations include modal, breathy ⟨◌h⟩, creaky ⟨◌’⟩, (all three of which can be pharyngealized ⟨◌·⟩), and strident ⟨◌ħ⟩. A long vowels and diphthongs can contain more than one phonation, but short and overlong vowels cannot.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All vowels can be -ATR or +ATR ⟨◌y⟩, corresponding to tongue root harmony. This harmony can change voiceless plain stops to breathy stops (except /p/ which becomes [b]). It is a progressive harmony that begins from the start of a root word and is blocked by ejective and uvular consonants. +ATR is only romanized on the first vowel of a root word.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Allophony ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Vowels are nasalized whenever adjacent to nasal phonemes. /ã/ merges with /a/, so ⟨ã⟩ is not used adjacent to nasal phonemes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -2 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labiodental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Dental&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Uvular&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Epiglottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plain&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɱ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɲ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;nj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɴ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!Tense&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̪̊}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̪̊ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’tw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡d̥ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;tw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɟ̊}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɟ̊ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;cw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɢ̥}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʔ͡ɢ̥ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʡ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;q&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Lax&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’dhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jhw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ𐞖}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gh&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ𐞖ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ghw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Voiced&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d̪ʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’nw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|dʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;dw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɟʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;jw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɢʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ð}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ð&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ðʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ðw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;z&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|zʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;zw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʝ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʝʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;yw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʁ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʁʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;xw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʜ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Vibrant&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ⱱ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|r}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|rʷ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;rw&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|l̪}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;’l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|l}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʎ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lj&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ʟ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;lg&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Non-Front&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |High&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Low&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|í}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;í&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ì}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɨ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ú&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɨ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|é}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;é&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|è}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɘ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ó&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɘ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Open&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɐ́}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;á&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{ipa|ɐ̀}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Deeplect -1 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Grammar&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Gloss&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Description&lt;br /&gt;
!Examples&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!CAUS.GNO&lt;br /&gt;
|jɾa-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;production, resultation, consequence (gnomic and nouns)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kesˈteltɔ jɾaˈmiawa (earth brings life)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!CAUS&lt;br /&gt;
|ko-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;caused (tense, verbs only)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|kes&#039;teltɔ koˈmiawe̤ (earth is causing life to exist)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOA&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -e̤&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of agent, MOA). MOA verbs receive an adverb? auxiliary verb? after, showing the precise action taking place if it isn&#039;t clear from the primary verb (it would be clear if the prim. verb was &amp;quot;to go to&amp;quot; but not if it&#039;s &amp;quot;to water&amp;quot;). unclear primary verbs used without secondary verbs are said to simply &amp;quot;be occuring&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;be existing&amp;quot;.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːje̤ (approaching water)&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtelte̤ (kicking the ground)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOS&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -ʕu&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of secondary thing, MOS). MOS places the object after the verb. objects and &amp;quot;secondary verbs&amp;quot; (referenced above) do not differ in marking&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːjʕu (splashing water on someone/watering something)&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈteltʕu (kicking dirt at something/someone)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!MOP&lt;br /&gt;
| -a,ɔ &amp;gt; -a(ʕim)&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;verbalizer (motion of patient, MOP). MOP places its object before the verb. -ʕim is only added for formality, emphasis, or syntactic disambiguation.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|ˈbiːja(ʕim) ~ spraying water around&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtela(ʕim) ~ kicking up dirt&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
whether a verb is conjugated to MOA/MOS/MOP is determined by which action the speaker wants to focus on the most, even though usually 2 or 3 of them will be actually occuring&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
topic pronouns (marked for person, number, and obviation) are clitics that attach to a particle with some of their grammatical information (cases).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV1 ~ ũ=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV2 ~ nã=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.SG.OBV3 ~ ˈdeu=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV1 ~ in=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV2 ~ ja̤=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.SG.OBV3 ~ tḛːŋ=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV1 ~ ki=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV2 ~ ɾḛj=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.SG.OBV3 ~ aːn=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.PL.INCL ~ eˈdo=&lt;br /&gt;
# 1P.PL.EXCL ~ kʼe=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.PL.INCL ~ ˈkimi=&lt;br /&gt;
# 2P.PL.EXCL ~ ˈhuku=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV1 ~ sto=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV2 ~ ˈmihi=&lt;br /&gt;
# 3P.PL.OBV3 ~ aˈdoː=&lt;br /&gt;
# REFL ~ pi&lt;br /&gt;
#* used in stuff like drinking(MOS), eating(MOS), etc.&lt;br /&gt;
# nominative ~ i&lt;br /&gt;
# vocative ~ -ʃa̤,ja̤/i&#039;ja̤&lt;br /&gt;
# benefactive ~ -(ɾ)e/ri&lt;br /&gt;
# malefactive ~ -ḛːse/ḛːse&lt;br /&gt;
# dative ~ -ãw/ŋaw&lt;br /&gt;
# commitative ~ -(k,ɡ,ʼ)iː/kiː&lt;br /&gt;
# instrumental ~ -(s,z)ãʰː/zãʰː&lt;br /&gt;
# other case particles can be derived using class-less variants of words, which can get prefixed to a non-topic noun&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* sometimes the particle may be used alone instead of the pronoun clitic.&lt;br /&gt;
* the pronoun clitic can be attached to a word to show stronger volition toward that aspect of the action described in the sentence (i.e. TOP=[verb] for showing stronger intent for the action than the object, or TOP=[object] for the opposite). stronger volition toward one aspect often implies weaker volition or intent toward the rest (TOP=[verb] may imply accidentally affecting the object, and TOP=[object] may imply accidentally performing the action, but meaning to do something to the object).&lt;br /&gt;
* both or either of the pronoun clitic and particle may be omitted. omission only occurs in the event of redundance.&lt;br /&gt;
* there is a subject case particle.&lt;br /&gt;
* other NPs are listed in the beginning of the sentence in order of decreasing relevance. their cases (and conjunctions) are expressed in affixes, not a particle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* every part of speech has its own set of classes (they do not correspond to each other).&lt;br /&gt;
* modifiers are added by affixing the modifiee&#039;s class suffix and changing the modifiee&#039;s suffix to -aː (this assumes all classes affixes will be suffixes but maybe i wont do that)&lt;br /&gt;
*# kesˈteltɔ &#039;&#039;modified by&#039;&#039; beˈʔaɾa (cooled lava ground) &amp;gt; kesˈtelt&#039;&#039;&#039;-ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; beˈʔa-ɾa &amp;gt; kesˈtelt-aː beˈʔa-ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039;-ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;gt; kesˈteltaː beˈʔaɔ&lt;br /&gt;
* noun classes (suffixes and prefixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -a, -ɔ ~ fluid, changing (animals, thoughts, breath, wind, clothing, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ɾa ~ dangerous (lava, fire, poisonous food, weapon used, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# zũː- ~ machinery (car, computer, lock, some weapons merely existing)&lt;br /&gt;
# kʰ- ~ valuable natural item (diamond, gold, ivory)&lt;br /&gt;
# tʰe- ~ material for use (wood, paper, ink, glue, metal, cloth)&lt;br /&gt;
# -ʔiː ~ natural (plants, sun, moon, dirt, some gods)&lt;br /&gt;
# -nõ ~ human, human-related concept, or thing altered by humanity (person, domesticated animals, weapon created, gods from secular perspective)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* verb classes (suffixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# -e ~&lt;br /&gt;
# -l ~&lt;br /&gt;
# -a ~&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* adjective/adverb classes (prefixes):&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;unmarked&#039;&#039; ~ quality&lt;br /&gt;
* xe- ~ identity&lt;br /&gt;
* o- ~ relation&lt;br /&gt;
* adposition classes (suffixes):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* when creating a phrase or description, go with more actually-occurs options before hypothetical or culturally-specific ones (i.e. kesˈteltaː beˈʔaɾɔ is a ground of cooled lava, not the ground being molten lava as is pretended in the game &amp;quot;the floor is lava&amp;quot;, since the former is more likely to be used in a real situation than the latter)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kesˈtelt&#039;&#039;&#039;ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ earth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈbiːj&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kṵː&#039;&#039;&#039;ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ fire&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈmiaw&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ life&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;zũː&#039;&#039;&#039;kũː ~ metal, mechanical&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;kʰ&#039;&#039;&#039;uːihu ~ gold&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
beˈʔa&#039;&#039;&#039;ɾa&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ lava&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;ːsʼaː ~ wood&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
liˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ plant&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
oˈŋãi&#039;&#039;&#039;nõ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ human&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
eˈumĩ&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ love&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
çiː&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ emotion(s)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
xkiˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ think, mind&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;nũː ~ paper&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;tʰe&#039;&#039;&#039;ˈʔjul ~ ink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈ&#039;&#039;&#039;zũː&#039;&#039;&#039;mãi ~ pen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
he ~ move to&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
iːl ~ move at/in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ɬaː ~ express, release, secrete&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈtʰeŋ&#039;&#039;&#039;ʔiː&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ visible attribute&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
kɔʔj&#039;&#039;&#039;ɔ&#039;&#039;&#039; ~ color, shadow, brightness, angle&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
tḛjjɔ ~ red, hot pink, orange, brown, violet&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
vɾiː ~ yellow, orange, lime, beige, white, pink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ħaːn ~ green, lime, evergreen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈijaɲ ~ cyan, mint&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ˈṳba ~ blue, indigo, purple, black&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
naːˈħal ~ dark yellow, muddy green&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ħũːe ~ correct, factual, verified, verifiable&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Coldba_(Cuba)&amp;diff=39121</id>
		<title>Coldba (Cuba)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Coldba_(Cuba)&amp;diff=39121"/>
		<updated>2026-04-26T21:13:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: /* Politics */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;his article is about the modern country. For the previous iteration of this country, see [[First Cuban Empire]]. For other uses of Cuba, see [[Cuba (disambiguation)]]. See [[Coldba (Coldba)]] to read about the [[extranguhcraftial territory]].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox ngation|name=Coldba (Cuba)|ung-member=yes|unung-member=yes|banner=Banner_of_Coldba_(Cuba).png|banner-label=Banner|map=nguhcraft_minimap_cuba.png|map-label=Location of Coldba (Cuba)|currency=Cuban dollars|government=Anarcho-monarchy|capital=[[Old Cuba|Cuba]]|ruler=[[Suwi]]|ruler-title=Emperess|languages=[[English]], [[Spanish]], [https://youtu.be/gV-ZnmBGSSc?si=ccvx7g6kqxrc4UoP Paxelow] ,[[Tcae&#039;ru]]|population=4|demonym=Coldban|two-digit-code=CB|three-digit-code=COB}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Second Cuban Empire, officially known as the &#039;&#039;&#039;Empire of Coldba&#039;&#039;&#039;, or &#039;&#039;&#039;Coldba (Cuba) {{ipa|/ˈkoʊldbə ˈoʊpən pəˈɹɛnθɛsɪs ˈkjuːbə kloʊzd pəˈɹɛnθɛsɪs/}}&#039;&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;&#039;Coldba&#039;&#039;&#039; for short, is a country in [[Archipelagia]] and north of the Murben&#039;t Sea. It was originally founded by [[KateThePanPlate]] west of [[Murbetia]], which has since disbanded and been mostly annexed by Coldba. Coldba is the successor of the [[First Cuban Empire]], created and developed before the [[City of Cuba]] was reintroduced to the ŋorld.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Etymology ==&lt;br /&gt;
The Empire of Coldba was named after Cuba, being a continuation of [[Old Cuba]] from [[Season 1|Nguhcraft Season 1]]. It includes Cold in its name because its original territory consisted exclusively of cold biomes, and most of the country&#039;s development remains limited to cold areas. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Coldban ruler title empress is used regardless of the gender of the ruler.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Names in other languages ===&lt;br /&gt;
{{trans|{{Trans/item|Arabic|باردبا (كوبا) &#039;&#039;Baredba (Kuba)&#039;&#039; {{ipa|/baredba kuba/}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
 {{Trans/item|Arodjun|Kouzba (Kjuba){{Ipa|/ˈkouz.ba ˈkju.ba&#039;/}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
 {{trans/item|Evil Scamming language|khoujdba ouphen phränþesis kiuba kouzd phränþesis &#039;&#039;missing IPA&#039;&#039; }}&lt;br /&gt;
 {{Trans/item|German|Kühlba (Kuba){{Ipa|/ˈkyːlbɐ ˈklɐmɐ aʊf ˈkuːbɐ ˈklɐmɐ tsuː/}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
 {{Trans/item|Iskel|Khóoldbeʼ (Khjú’ube’) {{Ipa|[khóːlɾbə khjʊ́ubə]}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
 {{trans/item|Kathyrian|Κολδβα / Κιϋβα &#039;&#039;Koldba / Kjuba&#039;&#039; {{ipa|/ˈkoldbæ slæ ˈkjubæ/}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{trans/item|Kilvanan|Koldbanaƕat {{ipa|/koldbanaɸat/}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
 {{Trans/item|Knrawi|&#039;&#039;Hỳgma&#039;&#039; {{Ipa|[hʒ̍˩ŋmɛ]}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
 {{Trans/item|Kośtsiśtsi|&#039;&#039;Kólba&#039;&#039; {{Ipa|[&#039;kolbα]}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Trans/item|Léna|&#039;&#039;Kouba Eyaihiffengógho&#039;&#039; {{Ipa|/kou̯.ba e.jai̯.hif.fe.ŋó.ɣo/}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
 {{trans/item|Mosici|{{nahan| }} &#039;&#039;an·colpanc ascán&#039;&#039; {{ipa|[ãqoẅbãx askɔ̃]}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
 {{trans/item|Occitan|&#039;&#039;Empèri de Còldba&#039;&#039; {{ipa|/emˈpɛ.ɾi de ˈkɔld.bɔ̆/}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
 {{Trans/item|Rokadong|{{rkdg|󴀐~󴂮}} &#039;&#039;Kóhba á Kyúba&#039;&#039; {{Ipa|[ˈko᷇ːb̚.bɐ̄ àːˈkʲu᷇ːbɐ̄]}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
 {{Trans/item|Śácamþaśá|{{Script|script=thl|t=jwi npAlqo}} &#039;&#039;Qáwpan Wij&#039;&#039; {{ipa|/&#039;qɑːβ̞ʷpɐn wij/}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Trans/item|Sirenian|&#039;&#039;Kǽŋbāh (Kīwbāh)&#039; {{Ipa|/χɛ̌ŋ.baː wōŋ.lép̚.pɤ̀ːt̚ χiw.baː wōŋ.lép̚.pìt̚/}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
 {{Trans/item|Soc&#039;ul&#039;|&#039;&#039;Nivba&#039;&#039;{{Ipa|[ni˧vba˧]}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
 {{Trans/item|Tcae&#039;ru|Khōoldba (Khyūuba) {{Ipa|[kʰōːldbā kʰjūːbā]}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
 {{Trans/item|Toli|&#039;&#039;Kulotpy&#039;&#039;{{Ipa|[kulɔtpʏ]}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
 {{trans/item|Tásí|{{script|script=nahan|t=cát́oṕa (coṕa)}} &#039;&#039;Cát́oṕa (Coṕa)&#039;&#039; {{ipa|[koˈduba kuba]}}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Official Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
Coldba has three official languages: [[English]], [[Spanish]] [https://youtu.be/gV-ZnmBGSSc?si=ccvx7g6kqxrc4UoP Paxelow], and [[Tcae&#039;ru]]. English is used because it is the lingua franca of Nguhcraft, and because it was Empress Kate&#039;s primary language. Spanish is used due to Coldba being named after [https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba Cuba] and Empress [[Suqi]] being able to speak some. Paxelow is used because it was created by Kate for [[Agma Schwa|Agma Schwa&#039;s]] [[Cursed Conlang Circus]] and because it is only speakable in Minecraft. [[Tcae&#039;ru]] is used because it is the first successful conlang created by Suwi during their rule of Cloldba.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Near the border between Coldba and [[Hárǝsi]], [[Léna]] is recognized as an official regional minority language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
Coldba&#039;s history on [[Season 2|Nguhcraft Season 2]] started in Early-to-Mid January 2022 with Kate finding and building in a small portion of North Coldba Island. She had a small hole in a glacier with her stuff, and built a large fort.. then she logged off and didn&#039;t log back on again until June 2024.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On June 12th, 2024, Kate rejoined Nguhcraft and she officially declared the [[Coldba (Cuba)|Empire of Coldba]]. Shortly thereafter there was a meeting to get Coldba admitted into the [[United Ŋations]]. At the time of writing Coldba remains a member.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On July 23rd, 2024, a Coldban (Cuban) citizen laid out claims for their new country of [[Oberia]], unknowingly claiming the [[Showhen Islands]] that the Kingdom of Kyaw Cen had wanted to claim. While the citizen was away from the discussion, Quing Marcy jokingly threatened starting a world war over the islands, to which Kate, the Empress of Coldba, stated that she would protect her citizen and her ally of Oberia in such a conflict. Things heated up as Namnak, the Magistrate of Enkavak, announced he was an ally of Kyaw Cen and as such join on the side of Kyaw Cen. Luckily for Kyaw Cen and Enkavak, things cooled down when the citizen rejoined the discussion and offered a peaceful solution to the issue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On July 23rd and 24th of 2024, Kate attempted to claim a colony for Coldba in the island of [[Birchill]] but a neighbour to the islands, [[Þunan Qumreá]] declared plans to expand to those islands in the near future. Kate then decided to back down from those claims.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On July 27th, 2024, On behalf of Fin, Kate claimed the area of Port Fin as a colony of Coldba.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On August 3rd, 2024, Kate relinquished the area of Port Fin to Fin, as it became [[Port of Eras|the Port of Eras]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On August 22nd, 2024, Kate expanded the claims of Coldba after hearing that Murbetia had disbanded.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On June 2nd, 2025, Kate was banned from the Nguhcraft Minecraft and Discord servers for a culmination of events with her mentioning her drama with [[Charlotte]]. She left [[Ann]] and [[Suwi]] in charge of the empire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ann&#039;s first and only decree as Emperor was that Coldba must have at least one parking garage&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/767569743229747220/1386423049246605463&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to Ann&#039;s extreme inactivity, Ætérnal and other server members began to recognize Suwi as the only legitimate ruler. After expressing this to Suwi, they declared themselves ruler of Coldba. As ruler, Suwi made major changes to the country&#039;s borders and districts. They gave [[Grindlesnurt Island]] to [[Carl]], disowned the [[Independent City State of Pensacola]] and an island south of [[Renoriba]] which had been acquired by Coldba during the [[Scramble for Murbetia]]. Coldba&#039;s continental territory was also reduced to exclude regions with no development and component ŋations of the empire were merged into districts. To view the country prior to Suwi&#039;s reign, click [https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Coldba_(Cuba)&amp;amp;oldid=29060 here].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In September of 2025, Suwi began a project to unite all territories of the empire via rail. This brought about the creation of [[Archrail]] for connection to its southern islands and the beginning of the Coldban Nether Hub.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At one point in time, Suqi changed the capital of Coldba from [[Chillvana]] to [[City of Cuba|Cuba]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Politics ==&lt;br /&gt;
Coldba, much like [[Old Cuba]], is an anarcho-monarchy with Suwi as its Empress. The Empress has supreme authority over what happens in the ŋation, though in Cuban fashion, a lot of freedom is granted to the citizens.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Foreign Relations ===&lt;br /&gt;
Coldba is a member of the [[UnUŊ]], [[Medium United Ŋations|mUŊ]], [[Lawsuit United Ŋations|LUŊ]], and [[WOOFS]].&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Coldba&#039;s (Cuba&#039;s) Relations with Specific Ŋations&lt;br /&gt;
!Ranking&lt;br /&gt;
!Ŋations&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Higgs Rank (Hella Tight)&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
Coldba (Cuba) is besties with these countries.&lt;br /&gt;
|{{PlaceCite|AA}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Hadron Rank (Tight)&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
Coldba (Cuba) is allied with these countries.&lt;br /&gt;
|{{PlaceCite|HA}}, {{PlaceCite|KA}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Nucleus Rank (Kinda Tight)&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
Coldba (Cuba) has cooperated with these countries a large amount.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Electron Shell Rank (Kinda Loose)&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
Coldba (Cuba) has had some positive relations with these countries.&lt;br /&gt;
|{{PlaceCite|RP}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Covalence Rank (Loose)&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
Coldba (Cuba) has had minimal amicable relations with these countries.&lt;br /&gt;
|{{PlaceCite|ES}}, {{PlaceCite|AR}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Gravity Rank (Hella Loose)&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
Coldba (Cuba) has no relations with these countries.&lt;br /&gt;
|All others&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Citizens ===&lt;br /&gt;
At the time of writing, Coldba has 4 citizens: [[Suwi]], [[Janus]], [[Ann]], and [[Breathe]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Ministries ===&lt;br /&gt;
The government is split into several ministries, at the time of writing these are the only ones officially declared;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== The Ministry of Building Affairs ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Minister: Suwi&lt;br /&gt;
* Oversees things related to building, hands out permits to build in the City of Old Cuba&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== The Ministry of Arson ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Minister: Janus&lt;br /&gt;
* Oversees things related to fire, burning, and arson within the Empire of Coldba&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== The Ministry of Foreign Affairs ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Minister: Suwi&lt;br /&gt;
* Deals with things such as building embassies and maintaining foreign affairs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Administrative Divisions ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Coldban_districts_map.png|thumb|253x253px|Districts of Coldba not including Bad to the Land.]]&lt;br /&gt;
Coldba is subdivided into 14 districts:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Abervilletownboroughtoncesterforthinghursthorpwalldonminsterhammorewickfirthburndalefieldholmleigh]]&#039;&#039;&#039; (or &#039;&#039;&#039;Anweigh&#039;&#039;&#039; {{Ipa|/ˈænwiː/}} for short): a former [[Murbetia|Murbetian]] territory only containing a [[Cenrail]] station.&lt;br /&gt;
# &#039;&#039;&#039;Greater Chillvana&#039;&#039;&#039; {{Ipa|/t͡ʃɪlˈvænə/}}: the most developed area in Coldba, containing Lesser Chillvana and Eastbay.&lt;br /&gt;
# &#039;&#039;&#039;Coolagüey&#039;&#039;&#039; {{Ipa|[ˌku.laˈ(ɣ̞)we̞i]}}: the in-between area between Chillvana and Cuba.&lt;br /&gt;
# [[City of Cuba|&#039;&#039;&#039;City of Cuba&#039;&#039;&#039;]]: the capital of the ŋation, a copied version of the most developed parts of the [[First Cuban Empire]].&lt;br /&gt;
# &#039;&#039;&#039;Pinar del Frío&#039;&#039;&#039; {{Ipa|[piˈnaɾ ð̞e̞l ˈfɾi.o̞]}}: a snowy spruce forest spanning the entire western border.&lt;br /&gt;
# &#039;&#039;&#039;Cienieves&#039;&#039;&#039; {{Ipa|[sie̞.nie̞.β̞e̞s]}}: a snowy undeveloped area.&lt;br /&gt;
# &#039;&#039;&#039;Frostanamo&#039;&#039;&#039; {{Ipa|/fɹɑstˈɑnəmoʊ/}}: the third most developed area, containing the city of [[Frostanamo Bay]].&lt;br /&gt;
# [[East Coldba|&#039;&#039;&#039;East Coldba&#039;&#039;&#039;]]: the eastern half of the empire, undeveloped.&lt;br /&gt;
# [[New Gotland|&#039;&#039;&#039;New Gotland&#039;&#039;&#039;]]: contains a developed island known as [[Faeran]] and the region which [[Archrail]] is made to connect.&lt;br /&gt;
# [[New Gotland#Lithea Archipelago|&#039;&#039;&#039;Lithea&#039;&#039;&#039;]]: rocky islands.&lt;br /&gt;
# &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Frumpleforth]]&#039;&#039;&#039;: mushroom islands.&lt;br /&gt;
# &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Navia]]&#039;&#039;&#039;: contains Mt. Navia Village, a village built by [[Fin]].&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Bad to the Land|&#039;&#039;&#039;Bad to the Land&#039;&#039;&#039;]]: an overseas badlands colony open for all to mine sand and containing the [[Hotba Resort]].&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Coldba (Coldba)|&#039;&#039;&#039;Coldba (Coldba)&#039;&#039;&#039;]]: an [[Extranguhcraftial territory|extranguhcraftial]] autonomous district of Coldba (Cuba) which exists in [https://www.classicube.net/ ClassiCube] and is owned by [[Breathe]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Transportation ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Railroads ===&lt;br /&gt;
The primary railroad in continental Coldba is currently the [[Cenrail#Cuba line|Cuba line]], but in the northernmost Coldban settlement, [[Abervilletownboroughtoncesterforthinghursthorpwalldonminsterhammorewickfirthburndalefieldholmleigh|Anweigh]], there is also a connection to the [[Cenrail#Colonial line|Colonial Line]]. The primary railroad throughout the Coldban islands is [[Archrail]]. The city of Chillvana contains a small metro with stops at various locations in the city.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Roads ===&lt;br /&gt;
The only major road in Coldba currently is the first [[Freezeway]], F-01.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Coldba&amp;diff=39114</id>
		<title>Coldba</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Coldba&amp;diff=39114"/>
		<updated>2026-04-26T20:54:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: Changed redirect target from Empire of Coldba to Coldba (Cuba)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Coldba (Cuba)]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Raided_and_unRaided_places&amp;diff=39106</id>
		<title>List of Raided and unRaided places</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Raided_and_unRaided_places&amp;diff=39106"/>
		<updated>2026-04-26T03:49:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[The Raid]] was an event that devastated many important locations across [[Season 2]] of [[Nguhcraft]]. At the time it happened, the server was not very active, and a reasonable list of the places that were affected and weren&#039;t affected can be made. This list only includes locations that existed prior to the Raid, not following it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;This list is incomplete. Please expand it by adding more entries.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Raided&lt;br /&gt;
!Current Status&lt;br /&gt;
!UnRaided&lt;br /&gt;
!Current Status&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nguhtropolis]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abandoned&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ŋájaþáw]]&lt;br /&gt;
|forbidden&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Tisheongja]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abandoned&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Juya Gwaña]]&lt;br /&gt;
|active&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ruined Capitol|Capitol]]&lt;br /&gt;
|inactive&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Lobster Island]]&lt;br /&gt;
|inactive&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[The Citadel (Liauolên)]]&lt;br /&gt;
|rebuilt, inactive&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Paul]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abandoned&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nerven]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abandoned&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Entropy&#039;s base]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abandoned&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Port Marcy]]&lt;br /&gt;
|revitalized, active&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Steve]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abandoned&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Phoeŋix]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abandoned&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Hokqalonde]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abandoned&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Burnt House]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abandoned&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_lists&amp;diff=39105</id>
		<title>List of lists</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_lists&amp;diff=39105"/>
		<updated>2026-04-26T03:44:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: /* Geographical lists */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This is a list of all lists on the Wiki.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lists of holidays==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Cursdays in the Realm of Madness]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of holidays in Enkavak]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of holidays in Hummland]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of holidays in Rauratoshan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of holidays in the Kingdom of Kyaw Cen]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of holidays in the People&#039;s Free City of Amuj]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of holidays in Twanland]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lists of political parties==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of political parties in Rauratoshan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of political parties in the Kingdom of Hummland]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of political parties in the Kingdom of Kyaw Cen]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of political parties in the Realm of Madness]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of political parties in the Republic of Twanland]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of political parties in Vallis Draconum]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Linguistic lists==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kozramva vocabulary|List of Kozramva words]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kyawcenni vocabulary|List of Kyawcenni words]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Languages]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of language isolates]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Official Languages]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Geographical lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Condominia]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Continent|List of continents]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of countries]] (also see [[Map|Map of the ŋorld]])&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of interŋational organizations]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Ɱetropolitan Areas]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Raided and unRaided places]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of seas]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of unclaimed areas]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[United Ŋations Laws#List of UŊ Protectorates|List of UŊ Protectorates]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other Lists==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Armorial of sovereign states]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of alternate LoCATE names]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Annwans]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Amujology|List of Amujs]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of bridges over the Yetch River]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of commands]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of countries recognized by Aprux Mexyrhat]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of countries recognized by the Keis-Spucke Administration]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of countries in IPA]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Cəŋspiracy Theories]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of deities of Yukacan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of ducks]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Economic Unions]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of electoral systems by ŋation]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of former sovereign states]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of freedom indices]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of ghastports]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Kyawcennis]]&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;List of lists&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of lists of lists]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of modded changes]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Modded Items]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of ɱedical conditions]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of name systems]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of news sources in Rauratoshan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of ŋations based on Rome]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of ŋorldbuilding issues]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Pages Related to FERRA]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of placenames in IPA]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of post offices and postal service providers]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Proposed Countries]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of rail networks]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Sapient Species]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Superpowers]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of temples]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of things Marcy Sheikah brags about having invented]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of united organizations]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of villages in Enkavak]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Warps]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of wars]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Lists|*]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Raided_and_unRaided_places&amp;diff=39104</id>
		<title>List of Raided and unRaided places</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Raided_and_unRaided_places&amp;diff=39104"/>
		<updated>2026-04-26T03:43:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: Created page with &amp;quot;The Raid was an event that devastated many important locations across Season 2 of Nguhcraft. At the time it happened, the server was not very active, and a reasonable list of the places that were affected and weren&amp;#039;t affected can be made. This list only includes locations that existed prior to the Raid, not following it.  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;This list is incomplete. Please expand it by adding more entries.&amp;#039;&amp;#039; {| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot; !Raided !Current Status !UnRaided !Curr...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[The Raid]] was an event that devastated many important locations across [[Season 2]] of [[Nguhcraft]]. At the time it happened, the server was not very active, and a reasonable list of the places that were affected and weren&#039;t affected can be made. This list only includes locations that existed prior to the Raid, not following it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;This list is incomplete. Please expand it by adding more entries.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Raided&lt;br /&gt;
!Current Status&lt;br /&gt;
!UnRaided&lt;br /&gt;
!Current Status&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nguhtropolis]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abandoned&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ŋájaþáw]]&lt;br /&gt;
|forbidden&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Tisheongja]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abandoned&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Juya Gwaña]]&lt;br /&gt;
|active&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ruined Capitol|Capitol]]&lt;br /&gt;
|inactive&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Lobster Island]]&lt;br /&gt;
|inactive&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[The Citadel (Liauolên)]]&lt;br /&gt;
|rebuilt&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Paul]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abandoned&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nerven]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abandoned&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Entropy&#039;s base]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abandoned&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Port Marcy]]&lt;br /&gt;
|revitalized&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Steve]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abandoned&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Phoeŋix]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abandoned&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Hokqalonde]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abandoned&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Burnt House]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abandoned&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nguhcraft&amp;diff=39103</id>
		<title>History of Nguhcraft</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nguhcraft&amp;diff=39103"/>
		<updated>2026-04-26T03:27:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: /* 2023 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The &#039;&#039;&#039;History of [[Nguhcraft]]&#039;&#039;&#039; dates back all the way back to 16 October 2020, when the first Agma Schwa Minecraft server was opened. The period until 7 January 2022 is called [[Season 1]] and after that &#039;&#039;&#039;Season 2&#039;&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2020 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Season 1]] was created on 16 October 2020 by [[Mediumwave]]. At this time, only a few people played. It was mainly Mediumwave, [[Agma Schwa]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Agma&#039;s message upon arrival to the server: [[File:I have logged on to the nguhcraft.png|frameless]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, [[Ætérnal]] (who was not yet god), [[Marci]], [[Unnatwain]], [[Tux]], and [[Çentoé]] (most of whom no longer play on the server). These members had different bases at different points in the world, but eventually [[Mainland]] was created by Ætérnal as the primary location for server activity. Upon Ætérnal becoming god, Mainland was made into a [[List of Warps|warp]] to make it easy for players to travel to. Over time, more players began to play such as [[User:Dillon|Dillon]], [[Tark]], [[KateThePanPlate]], and [[Benny]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At this point in time, the primary methods of travel were boats. The Panama Canal was likely the first canal built to increase ease of travel across the continents. This year, the first ŋations were created: [[First Cuban Empire|Cuba]] (by Kate) and [[Sweden-Ŋərway]] (by an unknown user), both on December 16th. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2021 ==&lt;br /&gt;
This was a year of progress for the server. New players joined, new warps were added, ŋations were developed, and the [[Nguhcraft Streams|Nguhcraft streams]] began. Early on in the year, Cuba became the most active location of the server thanks to Kate welcoming every new player that joined. [[Suwi]], [[Fin]], [[Janus]], and [[N3]] joined Cuba and built bases and farms in it, along with many of the older players. [[Beautifulland|Taswelll]] also joined early on in the year and built their base Beautifulland. It was in early 2021 that the Minecraft-Server-Chat was created so that people on the Discord and Minecraft servers can speak to each other directly. In February, the End was closed for a Nguhcraft stream which happened in May. Afterward, the End was opened and many of the new players could obtain End items for the first time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Later in the year, the server saw its greatest amount of activity. A significant number of new players joined and made their own bases and countries throughout the ŋorld. The players included [[Garvey]], [[Ponticello]], [[Quinn]], [[Saithe]], and [[Tyxaar]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2021 interŋational tensions were very minor and silly, and never amounted to war like they do in [[Season 2]]. Some incidents included the [[Cuban Missile Crisis (disambiguation)|Cuban Missile Crisis]], the Destruction of [[Booba]], and the Cuban-[[Thieves&#039; Guild]] tensions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2022 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Season 1 only lasted until January 7th, 2022. On that day, Season 2 was created. Many of the old Season 1 players had stopped playing and did not join. The beginning of Season 2 had some development, but not much compared to the previous and following years.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The largest player hubs at the time were the [[Five-Village Network]] and [[Tisheongja]], with other bases like [[Ŋájaþáw|modern-day Ŋájaþáw]] (by [[Janus]]), [[Juya Gwaña]] (by [[Suqi]]), [[Lobster Island]] (by Dr. Lobsterman), and the [[Ruined Capitol|Capitol]] (by [[Fin]]) seeing frequent activity. Later that year, all of those players stopped playing (for different lengths of time). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The new settlers of Season 2 (e.g. [[Marcy]], [[Annwan]], [[rnifnuf]], etc.) began mapping out the ŋorld and claiming lands in their name, but they wouldn&#039;t become ŋations until after [[The Raid]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2023 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In late 2023, the server was largely inactive besides [[Entropy]], [[Marcy Sheikah|Marcy]] and [[spansos]], who were the only semi-active players at that time before [[Annwan]] and [[rnifnuf]] started returning to Nguhcraft in December.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On 13 November, a bunch of settlements and buildings, such as the [[Capitol]], [[The Citadel (Doggo Island)|The Citadel]], [[Tisheongja]], [[Nerven]], [[Nguhtropolis]], [[Phoeŋix]] and [[Port Marcy]], have been heavily damaged or destroyed by griefers during The Raid.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In December, the first claims of [[Country|ŋations]] started to be made, such as the ones of [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]], [[Imerchal]] (at that time &#039;&#039;Ímersial&#039;&#039;) and [[Myžariky]] (at that time unnamed), which is one of the most important parts of the post-raid world order.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2024 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
history stuff&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
funny history stuff&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
more history stuff&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
...dissolution of murbetia and the scramble for murbetia&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
oh err amuj died, scramble for amuj too ig?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(orest wrote this) bcuz funny&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2025 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Aprux Mexyrhat|APRUX MEXYRHAT]] RAAAAAAH&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;Delete this if you can find more relevant happenings of 2025.&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Timeline of Nguhcraft history]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nguhcraft&amp;diff=39102</id>
		<title>History of Nguhcraft</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nguhcraft&amp;diff=39102"/>
		<updated>2026-04-26T03:26:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: /* 2022 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The &#039;&#039;&#039;History of [[Nguhcraft]]&#039;&#039;&#039; dates back all the way back to 16 October 2020, when the first Agma Schwa Minecraft server was opened. The period until 7 January 2022 is called [[Season 1]] and after that &#039;&#039;&#039;Season 2&#039;&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2020 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Season 1]] was created on 16 October 2020 by [[Mediumwave]]. At this time, only a few people played. It was mainly Mediumwave, [[Agma Schwa]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Agma&#039;s message upon arrival to the server: [[File:I have logged on to the nguhcraft.png|frameless]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, [[Ætérnal]] (who was not yet god), [[Marci]], [[Unnatwain]], [[Tux]], and [[Çentoé]] (most of whom no longer play on the server). These members had different bases at different points in the world, but eventually [[Mainland]] was created by Ætérnal as the primary location for server activity. Upon Ætérnal becoming god, Mainland was made into a [[List of Warps|warp]] to make it easy for players to travel to. Over time, more players began to play such as [[User:Dillon|Dillon]], [[Tark]], [[KateThePanPlate]], and [[Benny]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At this point in time, the primary methods of travel were boats. The Panama Canal was likely the first canal built to increase ease of travel across the continents. This year, the first ŋations were created: [[First Cuban Empire|Cuba]] (by Kate) and [[Sweden-Ŋərway]] (by an unknown user), both on December 16th. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2021 ==&lt;br /&gt;
This was a year of progress for the server. New players joined, new warps were added, ŋations were developed, and the [[Nguhcraft Streams|Nguhcraft streams]] began. Early on in the year, Cuba became the most active location of the server thanks to Kate welcoming every new player that joined. [[Suwi]], [[Fin]], [[Janus]], and [[N3]] joined Cuba and built bases and farms in it, along with many of the older players. [[Beautifulland|Taswelll]] also joined early on in the year and built their base Beautifulland. It was in early 2021 that the Minecraft-Server-Chat was created so that people on the Discord and Minecraft servers can speak to each other directly. In February, the End was closed for a Nguhcraft stream which happened in May. Afterward, the End was opened and many of the new players could obtain End items for the first time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Later in the year, the server saw its greatest amount of activity. A significant number of new players joined and made their own bases and countries throughout the ŋorld. The players included [[Garvey]], [[Ponticello]], [[Quinn]], [[Saithe]], and [[Tyxaar]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2021 interŋational tensions were very minor and silly, and never amounted to war like they do in [[Season 2]]. Some incidents included the [[Cuban Missile Crisis (disambiguation)|Cuban Missile Crisis]], the Destruction of [[Booba]], and the Cuban-[[Thieves&#039; Guild]] tensions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2022 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Season 1 only lasted until January 7th, 2022. On that day, Season 2 was created. Many of the old Season 1 players had stopped playing and did not join. The beginning of Season 2 had some development, but not much compared to the previous and following years.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The largest player hubs at the time were the [[Five-Village Network]] and [[Tisheongja]], with other bases like [[Ŋájaþáw|modern-day Ŋájaþáw]] (by [[Janus]]), [[Juya Gwaña]] (by [[Suqi]]), [[Lobster Island]] (by Dr. Lobsterman), and the [[Ruined Capitol|Capitol]] (by [[Fin]]) seeing frequent activity. Later that year, all of those players stopped playing (for different lengths of time). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The new settlers of Season 2 (e.g. [[Marcy]], [[Annwan]], [[rnifnuf]], etc.) began mapping out the ŋorld and claiming lands in their name, but they wouldn&#039;t become ŋations until after [[The Raid]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2023 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In late 2023, the server was largely inactive besides [[Entropy]], [[Marcy Sheikah|Marcy]] and [[spansos]], who were the only semi-active players at that time before [[Annwan]] and [[rnifnuf]] started returning to Nguhcraft in December.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On 13 November, a bunch of settlements and buildings, such as the [[Capitol]], [[The Citadel (Doggo Island)|The Citadel]], [[Nerven]], [[Nguhtropolis]], [[Phoeŋix]] and [[Port Marcy]], have been heavily damaged or destroyed by griefers during The Raid.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In December, the first claims of [[Country|ŋations]] started to be made, such as the ones of [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]], [[Imerchal]] (at that time &#039;&#039;Ímersial&#039;&#039;) and [[Myžariky]] (at that time unnamed), which is one of the most important parts of the post-raid world order.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2024 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
history stuff&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
funny history stuff&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
more history stuff&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
...dissolution of murbetia and the scramble for murbetia&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
oh err amuj died, scramble for amuj too ig?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(orest wrote this) bcuz funny&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2025 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Aprux Mexyrhat|APRUX MEXYRHAT]] RAAAAAAH&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;Delete this if you can find more relevant happenings of 2025.&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Timeline of Nguhcraft history]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nguhcraft&amp;diff=39101</id>
		<title>History of Nguhcraft</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nguhcraft&amp;diff=39101"/>
		<updated>2026-04-26T03:26:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: /* 2022 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The &#039;&#039;&#039;History of [[Nguhcraft]]&#039;&#039;&#039; dates back all the way back to 16 October 2020, when the first Agma Schwa Minecraft server was opened. The period until 7 January 2022 is called [[Season 1]] and after that &#039;&#039;&#039;Season 2&#039;&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2020 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Season 1]] was created on 16 October 2020 by [[Mediumwave]]. At this time, only a few people played. It was mainly Mediumwave, [[Agma Schwa]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Agma&#039;s message upon arrival to the server: [[File:I have logged on to the nguhcraft.png|frameless]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, [[Ætérnal]] (who was not yet god), [[Marci]], [[Unnatwain]], [[Tux]], and [[Çentoé]] (most of whom no longer play on the server). These members had different bases at different points in the world, but eventually [[Mainland]] was created by Ætérnal as the primary location for server activity. Upon Ætérnal becoming god, Mainland was made into a [[List of Warps|warp]] to make it easy for players to travel to. Over time, more players began to play such as [[User:Dillon|Dillon]], [[Tark]], [[KateThePanPlate]], and [[Benny]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At this point in time, the primary methods of travel were boats. The Panama Canal was likely the first canal built to increase ease of travel across the continents. This year, the first ŋations were created: [[First Cuban Empire|Cuba]] (by Kate) and [[Sweden-Ŋərway]] (by an unknown user), both on December 16th. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2021 ==&lt;br /&gt;
This was a year of progress for the server. New players joined, new warps were added, ŋations were developed, and the [[Nguhcraft Streams|Nguhcraft streams]] began. Early on in the year, Cuba became the most active location of the server thanks to Kate welcoming every new player that joined. [[Suwi]], [[Fin]], [[Janus]], and [[N3]] joined Cuba and built bases and farms in it, along with many of the older players. [[Beautifulland|Taswelll]] also joined early on in the year and built their base Beautifulland. It was in early 2021 that the Minecraft-Server-Chat was created so that people on the Discord and Minecraft servers can speak to each other directly. In February, the End was closed for a Nguhcraft stream which happened in May. Afterward, the End was opened and many of the new players could obtain End items for the first time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Later in the year, the server saw its greatest amount of activity. A significant number of new players joined and made their own bases and countries throughout the ŋorld. The players included [[Garvey]], [[Ponticello]], [[Quinn]], [[Saithe]], and [[Tyxaar]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2021 interŋational tensions were very minor and silly, and never amounted to war like they do in [[Season 2]]. Some incidents included the [[Cuban Missile Crisis (disambiguation)|Cuban Missile Crisis]], the Destruction of [[Booba]], and the Cuban-[[Thieves&#039; Guild]] tensions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2022 ==&lt;br /&gt;
Season 1 only lasted until January 7th, 2022. On that day, Season 2 was created. Many of the old Season 1 players had stopped playing and did not join. The beginning of Season 2 had some development, but not much compared to the previous and following years.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The largest player hubs at the time were the [[Five-Village Network]] and [[Tisheongja]], with other bases like [[Ŋájaþáw|modern-day Ŋájaþáw]] (of [[Janus]]), [[Juya Gwaña]] (of [[Suqi]]), [[Lobster Island]] (by Dr. Lobsterman), and the [[Ruined Capitol|Capitol]] (by [[Fin]]) seeing frequent activity. Later that year, all of those players stopped playing (for different lengths of time). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The new settlers of Season 2 (e.g. [[Marcy]], [[Annwan]], [[rnifnuf]], etc.) began mapping out the ŋorld and claiming lands in their name, but they wouldn&#039;t become ŋations until after [[The Raid]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2023 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In late 2023, the server was largely inactive besides [[Entropy]], [[Marcy Sheikah|Marcy]] and [[spansos]], who were the only semi-active players at that time before [[Annwan]] and [[rnifnuf]] started returning to Nguhcraft in December.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On 13 November, a bunch of settlements and buildings, such as the [[Capitol]], [[The Citadel (Doggo Island)|The Citadel]], [[Nerven]], [[Nguhtropolis]], [[Phoeŋix]] and [[Port Marcy]], have been heavily damaged or destroyed by griefers during The Raid.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In December, the first claims of [[Country|ŋations]] started to be made, such as the ones of [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen|Kyaw Cen]], [[Imerchal]] (at that time &#039;&#039;Ímersial&#039;&#039;) and [[Myžariky]] (at that time unnamed), which is one of the most important parts of the post-raid world order.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2024 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
history stuff&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
funny history stuff&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
more history stuff&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
...dissolution of murbetia and the scramble for murbetia&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
oh err amuj died, scramble for amuj too ig?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(orest wrote this) bcuz funny&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 2025 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Aprux Mexyrhat|APRUX MEXYRHAT]] RAAAAAAH&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;Delete this if you can find more relevant happenings of 2025.&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Timeline of Nguhcraft history]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Tisheongja&amp;diff=39100</id>
		<title>Tisheongja</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Tisheongja&amp;diff=39100"/>
		<updated>2026-04-26T03:10:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Tisheongja.png|thumb|Image of Tisheongja]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Tisheongja&#039;&#039;&#039; was one of the earliest (if not the earliest) player hubs in [[Season 2]]. It was ruled by [[Saithe]], the Spider Queen, who built a spider-cave themed base in a deepslate cave. Tisheongja was also home to [[Marci]], [[Maarz]], [[Benny]], and Evie&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The identity of the player named Evie is unknown, but it is likely to be the Nguhcord user &amp;quot;@mileage03&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/835185858864218122/979032788990840892&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In May of 2022, Tisheongja experienced tensions with [[Juya Gwaña]] over economic ideologies in an event retroactively named the &amp;quot;[[Cool War]]&amp;quot;. Tisheongja, alongside Saithe&#039;s spider-cave were griefed during [[the Raid]]. Today, it is a [[UŊESCO]]-protected site located in eastern [[Myžariky]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Saithe&#039;s spider-cave is accessible from the outside via a a hole with water at the bottom and, separately, tall spiral staircase reaching from build limit to bedrock. The staircase had the same design as the interior of the cobbelisks, indicating it was likely Benny who built it. The staircase also has a vertical flying machine and vines inside, possibly because people found the staircase to take too long.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Saithe&#039;s Spider-Cave ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Tisheongja Spider Cave.png|thumb|Tisheongja spider-cave post-Raid]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Tisheongja Trading Hall.png|thumb|Tisheongja trading hall post-Raid]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Saithe&#039;s House.png|thumb|Saithe&#039;s House]]&lt;br /&gt;
Saithe&#039;s spider-cave still exists and is the only place in Tisheongja with evidence of habitation. The cave is enormous, close to bedrock and has several dripstone structures inside. It is unknown if the other members of Tisheongja lived inside the cave with Saithe or if they lived elsewhere. It may be that the spider-cave is Tisheongja itself.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The spider-cave was griefed so severely during the Raid that it is no longer functional as a base. What remains can still be identified, however, to create an accurate picture of what the area offered in its prime:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Villager trading hall&lt;br /&gt;
* Bee farm&lt;br /&gt;
* Carrot and wheat villager-powered farms&lt;br /&gt;
* Iron farm&lt;br /&gt;
* Lava farm&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The lava farm is explicitly noted to be a communal farm, which gives evidence to the idea that the members of Tisheongja lived inside the cave.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* Stone generator&lt;br /&gt;
* Egg launcher, possibly remnants of a former chicken farm&lt;br /&gt;
* Amethyst geode with cows and chickens inside&lt;br /&gt;
* Podzol, likely for growing spruce trees&lt;br /&gt;
* Various unrecognizeable ruins with only oak log support beams remaining, possibly houses of other players&lt;br /&gt;
** One of these ruins has a sign from a raider saying &amp;quot;Thanks for the loot -The Rizzler&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The largest and most recognizeable object in the cave is Saithe&#039;s house. It is a giant deepslate brick/deepslate tile house upside down hanging from the top of the cave, and was seemingly unaffected by the raiders. It is incredibly empty despite its size, but shows no signs of damage on the inside.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tisheongja Surface ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Pentavillage Loop.png|thumb|Pentavillage Loop rail sign (Five-Village Network)]]&lt;br /&gt;
The surface of Tisheongja is a jungle biome with a very small island under which is the spider-cave. There are only a few buildings, though none show evidence that Tisheongja members lived on the surface. The most notable structure is a wooden path and staircase connecting the spider-cave staircase to the ground, a rail leading to the [[Five-Village Network]], and the Tisheongja [[Cenrail]] station. Today, however, the connection to the Five-Village Network was severed by a Cenrail line in [[Monke Island]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Tisheongja&amp;diff=39099</id>
		<title>Tisheongja</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Tisheongja&amp;diff=39099"/>
		<updated>2026-04-26T03:07:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Suqi: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Tisheongja.png|thumb|Image of Tisheongja]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Tisheongja&#039;&#039;&#039; was one of the earliest (if not the earliest) player hubs in [[Season 2]]. It was ruled by [[Saithe]], the Spider Queen, who built a spider-cave themed base in a deepslate cave. Tisheongja was also home to [[Marci]], [[Maarz]], [[Benny]], and Evie&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The identity of the player named Evie is unknown, but it is likely to be the Nguhcord user &amp;quot;@mileage03&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://discord.com/channels/697450809390268467/835185858864218122/979032788990840892&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In May of 2022, Tisheongja experienced tensions with [[Juya Gwaña]] over economic ideologies in an event retroactively named the &amp;quot;[[Cool War]]&amp;quot;. Tisheongja, alongside Saithe&#039;s spider-cave were griefed during [[the Raid]]. Today, it is a [[UŊESCO]]-protected site located in eastern [[Myžariky]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Saithe&#039;s spider-cave is accessible from the outside via a a hole with water at the bottom and, separately, tall spiral staircase reaching from build limit to bedrock. The staircase had the same design as the interior of the cobbelisks, indicating it was likely Benny who built it. The staircase also has a vertical flying machine inside.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Saithe&#039;s Spider-Cave ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Tisheongja Spider Cave.png|thumb|Tisheongja spider-cave post-Raid]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Tisheongja Trading Hall.png|thumb|Tisheongja trading hall post-Raid]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Saithe&#039;s House.png|thumb|Saithe&#039;s House]]&lt;br /&gt;
Saithe&#039;s spider-cave still exists and is the only place in Tisheongja with evidence of habitation. The cave is enormous, close to bedrock and has several dripstone structures inside. It is unknown if the other members of Tisheongja lived inside the cave with Saithe or if they lived elsewhere. It may be that the spider-cave is Tisheongja itself.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The spider-cave was griefed so severely during the Raid that it is no longer functional as a base. What remains can still be identified, however, to create an accurate picture of what the area offered in its prime:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Villager trading hall&lt;br /&gt;
* Bee farm&lt;br /&gt;
* Carrot and wheat villager-powered farms&lt;br /&gt;
* Iron farm&lt;br /&gt;
* Lava farm&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The lava farm is explicitly noted to be a communal farm, which gives evidence to the idea that the members of Tisheongja lived inside the cave.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* Stone generator&lt;br /&gt;
* Egg launcher, possibly remnants of a former chicken farm&lt;br /&gt;
* Amethyst geode with cows and chickens inside&lt;br /&gt;
* Podzol, likely for growing spruce trees&lt;br /&gt;
* Various unrecognizeable ruins with only oak log support beams remaining, possibly houses of other players&lt;br /&gt;
** One of these ruins has a sign from a raider saying &amp;quot;Thanks for the loot -The Rizzler&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The largest and most recognizeable object in the cave is Saithe&#039;s house. It is a giant deepslate brick/deepslate tile house upside down hanging from the top of the cave, and was seemingly unaffected by the raiders. It is incredibly empty despite its size, but shows no signs of damage on the inside.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Tisheongja Surface ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Pentavillage Loop.png|thumb|Pentavillage Loop rail sign (Five-Village Network)]]&lt;br /&gt;
The surface of Tisheongja is a jungle biome with a very small island under which is the spider-cave. There are only a few buildings, though none show evidence that Tisheongja members lived on the surface. The most notable structure is a wooden path and staircase connecting the spider-cave staircase to the ground, a rail leading to the [[Five-Village Network]], and the Tisheongja [[Cenrail]] station. Today, however, the connection to the Five-Village Network was severed by a Cenrail line in [[Monke Island]].&lt;br /&gt;
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== References ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suqi</name></author>
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