Jutlandic - Revision history

Jutomi: /ǁ̼/ and /ɬ̼/ are wicked and I want them but also this conlang has enough sounds so I figured I'd put them as a hypothetical historical footnote.

2026-07-20T12:05:49Z

/ǁ̼/ and /ɬ̼/ are wicked and I want them but also this conlang has enough sounds so I figured I'd put them as a hypothetical historical footnote.

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	Intonation patterns are also pretty fixed, since question and imperative particles generally go word-finally and thus lead to most interrogative sentences having a sentence-final high or falling pitch, while declarative sentences most commonly end in a polysyllabic word. With that said, there are some other slight differences in intonation. Non-declarative sentences may have a wider pitch variation, and some speakers will drop the word-final particle in place of a high or falling tone on the final syllable anyway. It should be noted that interrogatives tend to end in a high or even a rising tone, while imperatives tend to end in a falling tone. Additionally, the pitch is sometimes shifted from the first syllable of the sentence to the second syllable for interrogatives, while imperatives heighten the second syllable in addition to the first.		Intonation patterns are also pretty fixed, since question and imperative particles generally go word-finally and thus lead to most interrogative sentences having a sentence-final high or falling pitch, while declarative sentences most commonly end in a polysyllabic word. With that said, there are some other slight differences in intonation. Non-declarative sentences may have a wider pitch variation, and some speakers will drop the word-final particle in place of a high or falling tone on the final syllable anyway. It should be noted that interrogatives tend to end in a high or even a rising tone, while imperatives tend to end in a falling tone. Additionally, the pitch is sometimes shifted from the first syllable of the sentence to the second syllable for interrogatives, while imperatives heighten the second syllable in addition to the first.

			=== Historic Phonemes ===
			It's not entirely clear how Jutlandic developed such a large and nearly symmetric fricative and click inventory, especially with so few stops while lacking phonemic liquids entirely. However, some evidence points to the fact that these may have originally been more complex consonant clusters that collapsed into a somewhat stable set of sounds. It's even been hypothesized that /t/ and /p/ originally came from a historic /ɾ/ and /w/, although there's been little direct evidence for this, and it is not clear what the rest of the table would have looked like.

			It's also believed that there used to be a phonemic linguolabial laterals, /ǁ̼/ and /ɬ̼/, since there seem to be some instances where a laminal lateral /ǁ/ and /ɬ/ will appear in some contests, but other times either interdental /ǀ̟/ and /θ̟/ or even bilabial /ʘ/ and /ɸ/ will appear instead. Given the surprising amount of regularity elsewhere, it's hypothesized that the sounds were somewhat unstable, being produced with the tongue protruded to either the teeth or the lips while a fricative or click was pronounced in the horizontal space between the tongue and the corner(s) of the lips. However, this does not seem to be presented in the orthography, meaning this theory is incorrect, happened long ago, or may have been relatively recent, with modern writing being a very recent innovation.

	== Grammar ==		== Grammar ==

Jutomi: /* Gemination */ x is weird

2026-07-19T01:36:31Z

Gemination: x is weird

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	Coda affricate(-cluster)s followed by a fricative create a geminate affricate which may be lengthened either at the initial stop or fricated release aspects of it (or both).		Coda affricate(-cluster)s followed by a fricative create a geminate affricate which may be lengthened either at the initial stop or fricated release aspects of it (or both).

	/x/ geminates any prior and ~~following fricative~~.		/x/ disappears and geminates any prior fricative, as well as some following it. It can geminate itself, but is not geminated by any other consonant, and its length distinction is not always maintained.

	There are generally slight pauses between words in casual speech. Word-initial and word-final clusters do not undergo allophony the same way word-medial clusters do.		There are generally slight pauses between words in casual speech. Word-initial and word-final clusters do not undergo allophony the same way word-medial clusters do.

Jutomi: /* Consonant Phonemes */

2026-07-19T01:33:24Z

Consonant Phonemes

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	Coda affricate(-cluster)s followed by a fricative create a geminate affricate which may be lengthened either at the initial stop or fricated release aspects of it (or both).		Coda affricate(-cluster)s followed by a fricative create a geminate affricate which may be lengthened either at the initial stop or fricated release aspects of it (or both).

			/x/ geminates any prior and following fricative.

	There are generally slight pauses between words in casual speech. Word-initial and word-final clusters do not undergo allophony the same way word-medial clusters do.		There are generally slight pauses between words in casual speech. Word-initial and word-final clusters do not undergo allophony the same way word-medial clusters do.
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	Any single consonant phoneme (except arguably /ŋ/ if it exists) may appear alone in onset. Complex onsets include nasal clicks (if considered non-phonemic) or one of the six coronal fricatives followed by /k/.		Any single consonant phoneme (except arguably /ŋ/ if it exists) may appear alone in onset. Complex onsets include nasal clicks (if considered non-phonemic) or one of the six coronal fricatives followed by /k/.

	Single-consonant codas are restricted to /p/, /t/, /k/, /ŋ/* (which may be /n/ or /m/), as well as any oral click or fricative. ~~(Note: /x/ is only pronounced word-finally.)~~ Complex codas similarly include a coronal fricative + /k/. Additionally, nasal clicks may also appear in coda position, as well as any "weak assimilating plosive" (/ʔ/,/t/?) + any fricative (though these are functionally affricates and are sometimes also viewed as simple phonemes). Codas may phonetically change substantially word-medially but not word-finally. Syllables may exist without a coda, although they are relatively less common.		Single-consonant codas are restricted to /p/, /t/, /k/, /ŋ/* (which may be /n/ or /m/), as well as any oral click or fricative. Complex codas similarly include a coronal fricative + /k/. Additionally, nasal clicks may also appear in coda position, as well as any "weak assimilating plosive" (/ʔ/,/t/?) + any fricative (though these are functionally affricates and are sometimes also viewed as simple phonemes). Codas may phonetically change substantially word-medially but not word-finally. Syllables may exist without a coda, although they are relatively less common.

	There are an estimated 34 onsets, 5 vowels, and 41 codas. This allows for 6,970 hypothetically possible syllables. (Though the estimated 1,365 CCVCC syllables are rare, absent or impossible (nCVnC), and almost always appear as unbound one-syllable nouns.)		There are an estimated 34 onsets, 5 vowels, and 41 codas. This allows for 6,970 hypothetically possible syllables. (Though the estimated 1,365 CCVCC syllables are rare, absent or impossible (nCVnC), and almost always appear as unbound one-syllable nouns.)

Jutomi at 01:27, 19 July 2026

2026-07-19T01:27:26Z

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	\|(/t͡θ̟/) tv		\|(/t͡θ̟/) tv
	\|(/t͡ʂ̪/) tj		\|(/t͡ʂ̪/) tj
	\|(/t͡θ̠) tz		\|(/t͡θ̠/) tz
	\|(/t͡ɬ/) tl		\|(/t͡ɬ/) tl
	\|(/t͡ɕ/) ty		\|(/t͡ɕ/) ty
	\|(/t͡ʂ/) ts		\|(/t͡ʂ/) ts
	\|(/k͡x) kh		\|(/k͡x/) kh
	!		!
	\|-		\|-
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	!''(Nasal Click)''		!''(Nasal Click)''
	\|(/ᵑʘ/) [~m͡ŋp͡k] nb		\|(/ᵑʘ/) [~m͡ŋp͡k] nb
	\|(/~~ᵑǀ̪͆~~/) nc		\|(/ᵑǀ̟/) nc
	\|(/ᵑ!̪!/) nd		\|(/ᵑ!̪!/) nd
	\|(/ᵑǀ/) nq		\|(/ᵑǀ/) nq
	\|(/ᵑǁ/) ng		\|(/ᵑǁ/) ng
	\|(/~~ᵑǀʲ~~/) nx		\|(/ᵑǀ̠/) nx
	\|(/ᵑǂ/) nr		\|(/ᵑǂ/) nr
	\|}		\|}

Jutomi: Forgot an unreliable bit of allophony. Also oops ig my last edit wasn't that "minor" but I just removed something now irrelevant and fixed phrasing under Alphabet.

2026-07-18T22:53:27Z

Forgot an unreliable bit of allophony. Also oops ig my last edit wasn't that "minor" but I just removed something now irrelevant and fixed phrasing under Alphabet.

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:53, 18 July 2026
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	/t/ + a coronal fricative, and k + /x/, may be allophonically analyzed as affricates. Complex word-final codas allow these affricates, as well as [pɸ]; while analyzed as clusters of a fricative after an unspecified plosive, it's plausible to analyze them as distinct, coda-specific phonemes (although [p͡ɸ] may simply be analyzed as a coda /p/).		/t/ + a coronal fricative, and k + /x/, may be allophonically analyzed as affricates. Complex word-final codas allow these affricates, as well as [pɸ]; while analyzed as clusters of a fricative after an unspecified plosive, it's plausible to analyze them as distinct, coda-specific phonemes (although [p͡ɸ] may simply be analyzed as a coda /p/).

			/t/ and /n/ may assimilate to a preceding fricative, although in general this only sometimes happens regularly after /θ̟/, for which they are often till is often pronounced as a dental or apical.

	/t/ becomes a glottal stops before /n/, as well as oral and nasal clicks, though allophonically can geminate oral clicks. (/t\|/ -> [k\|:])		/t/ becomes a glottal stops before /n/, as well as oral and nasal clicks, though allophonically can geminate oral clicks. (/t\|/ -> [k\|:])

Jutomi: Updated Orthography description

2026-07-18T22:48:53Z

Updated Orthography description

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	\|}		\|}
	== Orthography ==		== Orthography ==
	Aside from using IPA, Jutlandic can be written down in three distinct alphabets. The two traditional ways are by using either pottery or plants, written right-left, although any direction technically works.		Aside from using IPA, Jutlandic can be written down in three distinct alphabets. The two traditional ways are by using either pottery or plants, written right-left, although any direction technically works. Since its documentation, it also has been mapped to the Latin script, using every letter except for <Ww>.

	~~Since its documentation, a modified Latin script may also be used for romanization.~~		Below is a table of the different writing systems, including the IPA, pottery method, plant method, and romanization.


	Below is a table of the different writing systems, including the IPA, pottery method, plant method, and romanization. ~~[To be finished transferring to ngwiki; documentation finished elsewhere.]~~
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}
	The writing system only recognizes plosives, voiceless liquids, tenuis clicks, nasals, vowels, and grammatical markers; there are no distinct letters for fricatives, voiced liquids, or glottal clicks, instead relying on an empty pot, or absence of a large pot, to indicate that the previous consonant was modified. Stories have been told that originally, a large blank pot was a modifier, while its absence was a word boundary, before being switched to save on the amount of clay used.

	[[Category:Language]]		[[Category:Language]]

Jutomi: Updated description and some other things

2026-07-18T22:19:59Z

Updated description and some other things

Show changes

Jutomi: Changed the phonology a bit. I think I prefer this one a fair bit more. :) (and the lack of trills actually bothers my mouth less ;p)

2026-07-18T21:57:44Z

Changed the phonology a bit. I think I prefer this one a fair bit more. :) (and the lack of trills actually bothers my mouth less ;p)

Show changes

Jutomi: Hlambigla

2026-07-03T00:51:40Z

Hlambigla

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	{{Infobox language\|name=Jutlandic\|family=Unknown; "Jutic"\|era=today\|scripts=Pottery, Plants, Modified Latin\|country=[[Jutland]]\|demonym=Jutlandic (adj), Jutan (s), Jutae (p)\|number=Unknown\|usage=De Facto Official Language\|lang-code=jut}}		{{Infobox language\|name=Jutlandic\|family=Unknown; "Jutic"\|era=today\|scripts=Pottery, Plants, Modified Latin\|country=[[Jutland]]\|demonym=Jutlandic (adj), Jutan (s), Jutae (p)\|number=Unknown\|usage=De Facto Official Language\|lang-code=jut}}

	Jutlandic is a language isolate spoken in [[Jutland]]. It is not clear that it could be related to any nearby language. It is a polysynthetic, head-initial, partly fusional VSO language with strong ergativity and is extremely head-marking. Because it is so prominently head-marking and polysynthetic, it features a highly unusual case system, object incorporation, weak subject incorporation, and a rich TAM system. Despite this, it is fairly regular, has no ergative case, and also uses a small set of particles and many coverbs. It also features clicks, voiceless liquids, and gemination, and despite having human phonology, it is documented as using pottery and plants as alternate writing systems, with a slightly modified Latin script created to make it easier to read for the rest of the Ŋorld.		Jutlandic is a language isolate spoken in [[Jutland]], although it is hypothesized to potentially have come from a family in [[Hlambigla]]. It is not clear that it could be related to any nearby language. It is a polysynthetic, head-initial, partly fusional VSO language with strong ergativity and is extremely head-marking. Because it is so prominently head-marking and polysynthetic, it features a highly unusual case system, object incorporation, weak subject incorporation, and a rich TAM system. Despite this, it is fairly regular, has no ergative case, and also uses a small set of particles and many coverbs. It also features clicks, voiceless liquids, and gemination, and despite having human phonology, it is documented as using pottery and plants as alternate writing systems, with a slightly modified Latin script created to make it easier to read for the rest of the Ŋorld.

	== Phonology ==		== Phonology ==

Jutomi: added category languages... I think

2026-07-01T16:28:01Z

added category languages... I think

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:28, 1 July 2026
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	\|}		\|}
	The writing system only recognizes plosives, voiceless liquids, tenuis clicks, nasals, vowels, and grammatical markers; there are no distinct letters for fricatives, voiced liquids, or glottal clicks, instead relying on an empty pot, or absence of a large pot, to indicate that the previous consonant was modified. Stories have been told that originally, a large blank pot was a modifier, while its absence was a word boundary, before being switched to save on the amount of clay used.		The writing system only recognizes plosives, voiceless liquids, tenuis clicks, nasals, vowels, and grammatical markers; there are no distinct letters for fricatives, voiced liquids, or glottal clicks, instead relying on an empty pot, or absence of a large pot, to indicate that the previous consonant was modified. Stories have been told that originally, a large blank pot was a modifier, while its absence was a word boundary, before being switched to save on the amount of clay used.

			[[Category:Language]]