Kośtsiśtsi - Revision history

Accruenewblue at 02:07, 25 October 2025

2025-10-25T02:07:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:07, 25 October 2025
Line 14:		Line 14:

	== Usage ==		== Usage ==
	It is spoken natively in the ~~Birchtree Islands~~ province in northern Dróstsiśtsi; due to this containing the national capital and biggest city, [[~~Birchtree City~~]], the language has found some use in the other parts of the country, but has not displaced the other local Turisan languages in their respective regions. However, this status has made it the primary Dróstsiźda language used interŋationally.		It is spoken natively in the Tteźmak province in northern Dróstsiśtsi; due to this containing the national capital and biggest city, [[Vuttteźmak]], the language has found some use in the other parts of the country, but has not displaced the other local Turisan languages in their respective regions. However, this status has made it the primary Dróstsiźda language used interŋationally.

			=== Dialects ===
			The standard language is based on the Southern dialect spoken in Vuttteźmak; there is also a Northern dialect spoken in the northwestern part of Tteźmak province. It has some phonological differences; it maintains three separate coda nasals which have all collapsed together in Southern, lacks the tone of Southern, and lacks the two remote tenses (all described in more detail below).

	== Phonology ==		== Phonology ==

Accruenewblue: updating outdated info

2025-10-25T01:41:40Z

updating outdated info

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:41, 25 October 2025
Line 394:		Line 394:

	== Vocabulary ==		== Vocabulary ==
	Kośtsiśtsi ~~has a fairly limited number of~~ possible roots, ~~with~~ one root often able to encompass a wide semantic space. Compounding is common, often to specify a type of whatever the root is, but also in fairly simple vocabulary.<blockquote>⟨dzix⟩ "sea"+⟨źil⟩ "circle"=⟨dzigźil⟩ [dziɟʑil] "island"</blockquote>As noted above, words used in normal speech take on noun or verb affixes, with roots unable to appear in isolation. However, a handful of particles and numerals are allowed to, as well as names and words not being used in a phrase.		Kośtsiśtsi roots are necessarily monosyllabic. With the restricted syllable structure outlined above, the result is that there is only just over 2000 possible monosyllabic roots. This is moderated by the language not distinguishing roots by lexical aspect, transitivity, etc; also, certain roots can have completely different meanings in certain uses, typically due to different words in the proto-language merging after significant reduction. As a result, one root is often able to encompass a wide semantic space. Compounding is common, often to specify a type of whatever the root is, but also in fairly simple vocabulary. In compound words, the first one is the "main" root- that which determines the semantic category it falls into. For example, the word for "rose", a type of flower, is literally "flower-thorn" (tśikpós), with tśix "flower" coming first indicating that it is a type of flower. "Póstśix", the reverse, would indicate a type of thorn with something relating to flowers.<blockquote>⟨dzix⟩ "sea"+⟨źil⟩ "circle"=⟨dzigźil⟩ [dziɟʑil] "island"</blockquote>As noted above, words used in normal speech take on noun or verb affixes, with roots unable to appear in isolation. However, a handful of particles and numerals are allowed to, as well as names and words not being used in a phrase.

	=== Numerals ===		=== Numerals ===
	The language traditionally uses a base 60 numeral system, with a subbase of 8. In writing, each "digit" from 0 to 59 is written with two characters representing its base 8 structure; in speech it is similar, but with certain numbers having separate words, and that single digit octal numbers do not have a preceding 0. In the [[Ŋorld]] it has switched to effectively just using base 8, as base 64 fits better with [[Stackcode]].		The language traditionally uses a base 60 numeral system, with a subbase of 8. In writing, each "digit" from 0 to 59 is written with two characters representing its base 8 structure; in speech it is similar, but with certain numbers having separate words, and that single digit octal numbers do not have a preceding 0. In the [[Ŋorld]] it has switched to effectively just using base 8, as base 64 fits better with [[Stackcode]].

	~~= 4. Vocabulary =~~
	~~The vocabulary is composed of a variety of root words and frequent compounding.~~

	~~== 4.1 Roots ==~~

	~~== 4.2 Derivation ==~~
	~~Certain roots are often combined with other roots as derivations.~~

	~~== 4.3 Compound Words ==~~
	Roots are often combined as compound words. In these cases, the first one is the "main" root- that which determines the semantic category it falls into. For example, the word for "rose", a type of flower, is literally "flower-thorn" (tśikpós), with tśix "flower" coming first indicating that it is a type of flower. "Póstśix", the reverse, would indicate a type of thorn with something relating to flowers.

	=== Noun Incorporation ===		=== Noun Incorporation ===

Accruenewblue at 01:40, 25 October 2025

2025-10-25T01:40:00Z

Show changes

Outlaw Sly: /* Name */

2025-09-26T20:30:56Z

Name

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:30, 26 September 2025
Line 9:		Line 9:
	{{trans/item\|Śácamþaśá\|{{script\|script=thl\|t=SoSUTTUSqo}} ''Qáścycśyśá'' {{ipa\|/'qɑːɕcɵcɕɵʃäː/}}}}		{{trans/item\|Śácamþaśá\|{{script\|script=thl\|t=SoSUTTUSqo}} ''Qáścycśyśá'' {{ipa\|/'qɑːɕcɵcɕɵʃäː/}}}}
	{{trans/item\|Tosï\|''koxötïsïxï'' {{ipa\|[koʃtsɨʃ]}}}}		{{trans/item\|Tosï\|''koxötïsïxï'' {{ipa\|[koʃtsɨʃ]}}}}
	{{trans/item\|Araçanic\|''~~zeha igrozixi~~'' {{ipa\|[s̪e.ha i.gro.s̪i.ʃi]}}}}}}		{{trans/item\|Araçanic\|''çeha Igrozixi'' {{ipa\|/s̪e.ha i.gro.s̪i.ʃi/}}}}}}

	== Usage ==		== Usage ==

Accruenewblue at 04:48, 14 September 2025

2025-09-14T04:48:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:48, 14 September 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Infobox language\|pronunciation=['kɔʃtsɯʃtsɯ]\|family=~~Kośtsiźda~~\|lang-code=KTT\|name=Kośtsiśtsi\|usage=Official Language\|scripts=Kośtsiźda symbols, Latin\|country=[[Dróstsiśtsi]]}}		{{Infobox language\|pronunciation=['kɔʃtsɯʃtsɯ]\|family=[[Turisan languages]]\|lang-code=KTT\|name=Kośtsiśtsi\|usage=Official Language\|scripts=Kośtsiźda symbols, Latin\|country=[[Dróstsiśtsi]]}}

	Kośtsiśtsi [kɔʃ.tsɨʃ.tsɨ] is the primary and co-official language of the [[Dróstsiśtsi\|People's Republic of Dróstsiśtsi.]] It is a member of the Kośtsiźda family, and the only one in the family significant in the [[Ŋorld]].		Kośtsiśtsi [kɔʃ.tsɨʃ.tsɨ] is the primary and co-official language of the [[Dróstsiśtsi\|People's Republic of Dróstsiśtsi.]] It is a member of the Kośtsiźda family, and the only one in the family significant in the [[Ŋorld]].

Outlaw Sly: /* Name */ fixed araçanic translation

2025-08-03T15:07:16Z

Name: fixed araçanic translation

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:07, 3 August 2025
Line 9:		Line 9:
	{{trans/item\|Śácamþaśá\|{{script\|script=thl\|t=SoSUTTUSqo}} ''Qáścycśyśá'' {{ipa\|/'qɑːɕcɵcɕɵʃäː/}}}}		{{trans/item\|Śácamþaśá\|{{script\|script=thl\|t=SoSUTTUSqo}} ''Qáścycśyśá'' {{ipa\|/'qɑːɕcɵcɕɵʃäː/}}}}
	{{trans/item\|Tosï\|''koxötïsïxï'' {{ipa\|[koʃtsɨʃ]}}}}		{{trans/item\|Tosï\|''koxötïsïxï'' {{ipa\|[koʃtsɨʃ]}}}}
	{{trans/item\|Araçanic\|''zeha ~~idrozixi~~'' {{ipa\|[s̪e.ha i.~~rːo~~.s̪i.ʃi]}}}}}}		{{trans/item\|Araçanic\|''zeha igrozixi'' {{ipa\|[s̪e.ha i.gro.s̪i.ʃi]}}}}}}

	== Usage ==		== Usage ==

Accruenewblue at 05:38, 16 July 2025

2025-07-16T05:38:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:38, 16 July 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Infobox language\|pronunciation=['kɔʃtsɯʃtsɯ]\|family=Kośtsiźda\|lang-code=KTT\|name=Kośtsiśtsi\|usage=Official Language\|scripts=Kośtsiźda symbols, Latin\|country=[[Dróstsiśtsi]]}}		{{Infobox language\|pronunciation=['kɔʃtsɯʃtsɯ]\|family=Kośtsiźda\|lang-code=KTT\|name=Kośtsiśtsi\|usage=Official Language\|scripts=Kośtsiźda symbols, Latin\|country=[[Dróstsiśtsi]]}}

	Kośtsiśtsi [kɔʃ.~~tsiɕ~~.~~tsi~~] is the primary and co-official language of the [[Dróstsiśtsi\|People's Republic of Dróstsiśtsi.]] It is a member of the Kośtsiźda family, and the only one in the family significant in the [[Ŋorld]].		Kośtsiśtsi [kɔʃ.tsɨʃ.tsɨ] is the primary and co-official language of the [[Dróstsiśtsi\|People's Republic of Dróstsiśtsi.]] It is a member of the Kośtsiźda family, and the only one in the family significant in the [[Ŋorld]].

	== Name ==		== Name ==
Line 110:		Line 110:
	The chart in "Initials" only applies for initial consonants; in coda position, the chart collapses, with the stop and fricative series merging into archiphonemes depending primarily on place, although the nasals remain separate. The main archiphonemes vary depending on the following consonant; all codas except nasals assimilate to the next consonant's voicing. The set of coda phonemes is in a table below; these are often fricatives, but with two stops for labial and velar positions, and a nasal that assimilates to the following consonant. Codas occurring next to the same consonant as the next syllable's initial combine to geminate the consonant.<blockquote>⟨kas⟩+⟨sa⟩=⟨kassa⟩ [kas:a] "I close"		The chart in "Initials" only applies for initial consonants; in coda position, the chart collapses, with the stop and fricative series merging into archiphonemes depending primarily on place, although the nasals remain separate. The main archiphonemes vary depending on the following consonant; all codas except nasals assimilate to the next consonant's voicing. The set of coda phonemes is in a table below; these are often fricatives, but with two stops for labial and velar positions, and a nasal that assimilates to the following consonant. Codas occurring next to the same consonant as the next syllable's initial combine to geminate the consonant.<blockquote>⟨kas⟩+⟨sa⟩=⟨kassa⟩ [kas:a] "I close"

	⟨laf⟩+⟨tsi⟩=⟨lattsi⟩ [lat~~.tsi~~] "arm (NOM)"</blockquote>The /f/ coda is the most variable; when before an alveolar stop, it geminates the following stop (it is historically t>θ>f), and when it is voiced and after an unrounded consonant, it tends to [w] instead of [v]. Final /k/ is typically palatalized next to /i, e/ and uvularized next to /o, ɔ/, and word finally is often [x]. It is never a voiced fricative.<blockquote>⟨pók⟩+⟨tsi⟩=⟨póktsi⟩ [~~poktsi~~] "eye [NOM]"		⟨laf⟩+⟨tsi⟩=⟨lattsi⟩ [lat:si] "arm (NOM)"</blockquote>The /f/ coda is the most variable; when before an alveolar stop, it geminates the following stop (it is historically t>θ>f), and when it is voiced and after an unrounded consonant, it tends to [w] instead of [v]. Final /k/ is typically palatalized next to /i, e/ and uvularized next to /o, ɔ/, and word finally is often [x]. It is never a voiced fricative.<blockquote>⟨pók⟩+⟨tsi⟩=⟨póktsi⟩ [poktsɨ] "eye [NOM]"

	⟨pók⟩+⟨du⟩=⟨pógdu⟩ [pogdu] "eye [ACC]"		⟨pók⟩+⟨du⟩=⟨pógdu⟩ [pogdu] "eye [ACC]"

	⟨pók⟩+⟨sa⟩=~~⟨póxsa⟩~~ [~~poksa~~] "I see"		⟨pók⟩+⟨sa⟩=⟨póksa⟩ [poksα] "I see"

	⟨pók⟩+⟨vo⟩=⟨póǵvo⟩ [pogwo] "they see"		⟨pók⟩+⟨vo⟩=⟨póǵvo⟩ [pogwo] "they see"

	⟨pók⟩+⟨ne⟩=⟨pógne⟩ [~~pogne]~[pogne~~] "you see"</blockquote><blockquote>⟨kas⟩+⟨tsi⟩=⟨kastsi⟩ [kastsi] "neck [NOM]"		⟨pók⟩+⟨ne⟩=⟨pógne⟩ [pognə] "you see"</blockquote><blockquote>⟨kas⟩+⟨tsi⟩=⟨kastsi⟩ [kastsi] "neck [NOM]"

	⟨kas⟩+⟨du⟩=⟨kazdu⟩ [~~kazdu~~] "neck [ACC]"		⟨kas⟩+⟨du⟩=⟨kazdu⟩ [kazdy] "neck [ACC]"

	⟨kas⟩+⟨sa⟩=⟨kassa⟩ [kassa] "I close"		⟨kas⟩+⟨sa⟩=⟨kassa⟩ [kassa] "I close"

	⟨kas⟩+⟨vo⟩=~~⟨kazvo⟩~~ [~~kazvo~~] "they close"		⟨kas⟩+⟨vo⟩=⟨kazvø⟩ [kazvø] "they close"

	⟨kas⟩+⟨ne⟩=⟨kazne⟩ [kazne] "you close"</blockquote>		⟨kas⟩+⟨ne⟩=⟨kazne⟩ [kazne] "you close"</blockquote>
Line 134:		Line 134:
	\|-		\|-
	!High		!High
	\|i ⟨i⟩		\|i~ɨ ⟨i⟩
	\|u ⟨u⟩		\|u~y ⟨u⟩
	\|-		\|-
	!Mid		!Mid
	\|e ⟨e⟩		\|e~ə ⟨e⟩
	\|o ⟨ó⟩		\|o~ø ⟨ó⟩
	\|-		\|-
	!Low		!Low
	\|a ⟨a⟩		\|æ~a~α ⟨a⟩
	\|ɔ ⟨o⟩		\|ɔ~ɵ ⟨o⟩
	\|}Note that the morpheme ⟨vo⟩, a common grammatical morpheme marking third person agreement, is typically pronounced [wo~o] instead of the original [vɔ~wɔ] expected from the spelling. This is the only morpheme where this happens.		\|}Vowels are classed as rounded vs. unrounded rather than front and back; in initial position, the unrounded vowels are front and the rounded vowels are back, while in post-initial position, the vowels assimilate to the position of the initial.

			Note that the morpheme ⟨vo⟩, a common grammatical morpheme marking third person agreement, is typically pronounced [wo~o] instead of the original [vɔ~wɔ] expected from the spelling. This is the only morpheme where this happens.

	=== Phonotactics ===		=== Phonotactics ===
Line 392:		Line 394:

	== Vocabulary ==		== Vocabulary ==
	Kośtsiśtsi has a fairly limited number of possible roots, with one root often able to encompass a wide semantic space. Compounding is common, often to specify a type of whatever the root is, but also in fairly simple vocabulary.<blockquote>⟨dzix⟩ "sea"+⟨źil⟩ "circle"=⟨dzigźil⟩ [~~dziɟʒil~~] "island"</blockquote>As noted above, words used in normal speech take on noun or verb affixes, with roots unable to appear in isolation. However, a handful of particles and numerals are allowed to, as well as names and words not being used in a phrase.		Kośtsiśtsi has a fairly limited number of possible roots, with one root often able to encompass a wide semantic space. Compounding is common, often to specify a type of whatever the root is, but also in fairly simple vocabulary.<blockquote>⟨dzix⟩ "sea"+⟨źil⟩ "circle"=⟨dzigźil⟩ [dziɟʑil] "island"</blockquote>As noted above, words used in normal speech take on noun or verb affixes, with roots unable to appear in isolation. However, a handful of particles and numerals are allowed to, as well as names and words not being used in a phrase.

	=== Numerals ===		=== Numerals ===

Accruenewblue at 04:25, 16 July 2025

2025-07-16T04:25:28Z

Show changes

Accruenewblue: transcluding content from the pdf grammar

2025-07-09T07:06:50Z

transcluding content from the pdf grammar

Show changes

Pikkuhiljaa: added ŚCŚ

2025-07-05T10:11:17Z

added ŚCŚ

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:11, 5 July 2025
Line 5:		Line 5:
	== Name ==		== Name ==
	The name derives from ''koś'' "language, talk", ''tsiś'' "valley", and ''tsi'', a nominative case marker. In its adjective form, as outlined below, it becomes ''kośtsiźda''. The reason the name includes a morpheme meaning "valley" is disputed; it is generally believed to have come from an earlier form of the language before its speakers migrated to modern Dróstsiśtsi, likely somewhere to the west, but its exact location is unknown. Some other hypotheses instead suggest it was another morpheme that also became pronounced ''tsiś'', most likely one meaning "rare".		The name derives from ''koś'' "language, talk", ''tsiś'' "valley", and ''tsi'', a nominative case marker. In its adjective form, as outlined below, it becomes ''kośtsiźda''. The reason the name includes a morpheme meaning "valley" is disputed; it is generally believed to have come from an earlier form of the language before its speakers migrated to modern Dróstsiśtsi, likely somewhere to the west, but its exact location is unknown. Some other hypotheses instead suggest it was another morpheme that also became pronounced ''tsiś'', most likely one meaning "rare".
	{{Trans\|{{trans/item\|Taqồpaq\|''koŝtsưŝtsư'' {{ipa\|[kɔʃtsɯʃtsɯ]}}}}		{{Trans\|
			{{trans/item\|Taqồpaq\|''koŝtsưŝtsư'' {{ipa\|[kɔʃtsɯʃtsɯ]}}}}
			{{trans/item\|Śácamþaśá\|{{script\|script=thl\|t=SoSUTTUSqo}} ''Qáścycśyśá'' {{ipa\|/'qɑːɕcɵcɕɵʃäː/}}}}
	{{trans/item\|Tosï\|''koxötïsïxï'' {{ipa\|[koʃtsɨʃ]}}}}		{{trans/item\|Tosï\|''koxötïsïxï'' {{ipa\|[koʃtsɨʃ]}}}}
	{{trans/item\|Araçanic\|''zeha idrozixi'' {{ipa\|[s̪e.ha i.rːo.s̪i.ʃi]}}}}}}		{{trans/item\|Araçanic\|''zeha idrozixi'' {{ipa\|[s̪e.ha i.rːo.s̪i.ʃi]}}}}}}