Lunarian - Revision history

Astaryuu at 00:04, 26 January 2026

2026-01-26T00:04:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:04, 26 January 2026
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	\|family=[[Draconic languages\|Draconic]]{{disputed}}		\|family=[[Draconic languages\|Draconic]]{{disputed}}
	\|scripts=[[Lunarian runes]]<br>Hiragana<br>Katakana<br>Latin script<br>Cyrillic script<br>Han logograms		\|scripts=[[Lunarian runes]]<br>Hiragana<br>Katakana<br>Latin script<br>Cyrillic script<br>Han logograms
	\|country=[[Rauratoshan]] (minority)<br>[[New ~~Maeksikao~~]] (official)		\|country=[[Rauratoshan]] (minority)<br>[[New Maeksikeo]] (official)
	\|demonym=Lunarian, Lunatic		\|demonym=Lunarian, Lunatic
	\|regulator=Lunatic Linguistic Correction Facility		\|regulator=Lunatic Linguistic Correction Facility

Astaryuu at 20:22, 7 January 2026

2026-01-07T20:22:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:22, 7 January 2026
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	\|family=[[Draconic languages\|Draconic]]{{disputed}}		\|family=[[Draconic languages\|Draconic]]{{disputed}}
	\|scripts=[[Lunarian runes]]<br>Hiragana<br>Katakana<br>Latin script<br>Cyrillic script<br>Han logograms		\|scripts=[[Lunarian runes]]<br>Hiragana<br>Katakana<br>Latin script<br>Cyrillic script<br>Han logograms
	\|country=[[Rauratoshan]] (minority)		\|country=[[Rauratoshan]] (minority)<br>[[New Maeksikao]] (official)
	\|demonym=Lunarian, Lunatic		\|demonym=Lunarian, Lunatic
	\|regulator=Lunatic Linguistic Correction Facility		\|regulator=Lunatic Linguistic Correction Facility

Astaryuu: /* Romanization */

2026-01-04T23:38:14Z

Romanization

Show changes

Astaryuu at 09:18, 27 November 2025

2025-11-27T09:18:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:18, 27 November 2025
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	\|lang-code=LNR		\|lang-code=LNR
	}}		}}
	: ''This article is about the language. For ~~other things referred to~~ as ~~"Lunarian"~~, see ~~the ''~~[[~~Lunarian~~]]~~'' disambiguation page~~.''		: ''This article is about the language. For the script known as Lunar, see [[Xindvâ]].''

	'''Lunarian''', natively known as '''Tukǝsaɟɟɇmga''' ([[Lunarian IPA\|IPA]]: {{ipa\|[tukɨ́sáɟːე̌mga]}}) is a [[Draconic languages\|Draconic language]]{{disputed}} spoken on the moon and in other places that have had contact with lunar species. It is the language of the Lunatic Kingdom.		'''Lunarian''', natively known as '''Tukǝsaɟɟɇmga''' ([[Lunarian IPA\|IPA]]: {{ipa\|[tukɨ́sáɟːე̌mga]}}) is a [[Draconic languages\|Draconic language]]{{disputed}} spoken on the moon and in other places that have had contact with lunar species. It is the language of the Lunatic Kingdom.

Astaryuu: /* Dialectology */

2025-11-26T04:10:07Z

Dialectology

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:10, 26 November 2025
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	There are three major varieties of Lunarian:		There are three major varieties of Lunarian:
	* Standard Lunarian: The legally-mandated variety for use in the Lunatic Kingdom. This dialect's hearth is the [[Sea of Muscovy]]. There are three major sub-dialects: Jinhayan (also spelled "Jinghayan") Lunarian, the government-approved register which officials are required to use, Kriseon Lunarian, a "punk dialect" of the [[Ocean of Storms]] that intentionally diverges from Jinhayan norms, and Eienteyan Lunarian, used by the descendants of 20th-century refugees from the Lunatic Kingdom.		* Standard Lunarian: The legally-mandated variety for use in the Lunatic Kingdom. This dialect's hearth is the [[Sea of Muscovy]]. There are three major sub-dialects: Jinhayan (also spelled "Jinghayan") Lunarian, the government-approved register which officials are required to use, Kriseon Lunarian, a "punk dialect" of the [[Ocean of Storms]] that intentionally diverges from Jinhayan norms, and Eienteyan Lunarian, used by the descendants of 20th-century refugees from the Lunatic Kingdom.
	* Impure, Terrible, Evil, Gross Lunarian: Also referred to simply as "Impure Lunarian." Spoken elsewhere that youkai are prominent, such as the two hells. Impure Lunarian generally does not use second-order purity mutation. The English name is an exonym translated from Standard Lunarian. Eienteyan Lunarian is considered an impure dialect by Lunatic officials, even though linguistically it is at best a creole between Standard Lunarian and Impure Lunarian.		* Impure, Terrible, Evil, Gross Lunarian: Also referred to simply as "Impure Lunarian." Spoken elsewhere that youkai are prominent, such as the two hells and, of course, [[Nguhcraft]]. Impure Lunarian generally does not use second-order purity mutation. The English name is an exonym translated from Standard Lunarian. Eienteyan Lunarian is considered an impure dialect by Lunatic officials, even though linguistically it is at best a creole between Standard Lunarian and Impure Lunarian.
	* Disgusting, Awful, Repulsive, Terrestrial Lunarian: Also referred to as "Terrestrial Lunarian." Spoken in the "human world". This is by far the smallest dialect group. It is strongly suggested that {{wp\|Area 51}} contains a treatise on Terrestrial Lunarian.		* Disgusting, Awful, Repulsive, Terrestrial Lunarian: Also referred to as "Terrestrial Lunarian." Spoken in the "human world". This is by far the smallest dialect group. It is strongly suggested that {{wp\|Area 51}} contains a treatise on Terrestrial Lunarian.

Astaryuu: /* Orthography */

2025-11-25T22:18:48Z

Orthography

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:18, 25 November 2025
Line 153:		Line 153:
	==Orthography==		==Orthography==
	Much like how Japanese technically uses four scripts at the same time, Lunarian technically uses six scripts at the same time. However, most dialects do not use all six scripts at the same time. The following scripts are ordered in order of how often they are used in Lunarian writing.		Much like how Japanese technically uses four scripts at the same time, Lunarian technically uses six scripts at the same time. However, most dialects do not use all six scripts at the same time. The following scripts are ordered in order of how often they are used in Lunarian writing.
	# [[Lunarian runes]] (ƿtadassja): An alphabet based on {{wp\|man'yogana}} that functions similarly to {{wp\|hangul}}. ''Ƿtadassja'' is considered the "native script" of Lunarian, and is usually written in the same direction as Sinitic or Japanese writing.		# [[Ƿtadassja\|Lunarian runes]] (ƿtadassja): An alphabet based on {{wp\|man'yogana}} that functions similarly to {{wp\|hangul}}. ''Ƿtadassja'' is considered the "native script" of Lunarian, and is usually written in the same direction as Sinitic or Japanese writing.
	# {{wp\|Katakana}} (terasja): Generally used for loanwords from Japanese and onomatopoeia. Ironically, the name ''ƿtadassja'' is often written in katakana, as it is literally "the correct characters" (with the word for ''correct'' coming from Japanese ''tadashii''.		# {{wp\|Katakana}} (terasja): Generally used for loanwords from Japanese and onomatopoeia. Ironically, the name ''ƿtadassja'' is often written in katakana, as it is literally "the correct characters" (with the word for ''correct'' coming from Japanese ''tadashii''.
	# {{wp\|Hiragana}} (ønnasja): Not used commonly in Lunatic dialects, but in Eienteyan and Impure dialects, hiragana are often used in place of katakana when the word would use hiragana in Japanese.		# {{wp\|Hiragana}} (ønnasja): Not used commonly in Lunatic dialects, but in Eienteyan and Impure dialects, hiragana are often used in place of katakana when the word would use hiragana in Japanese.

Astaryuu at 14:47, 21 November 2025

2025-11-21T14:47:13Z

Astaryuu: Created page with "{{Infobox language |name=Lunarian
{{lunr|󴑔󴕉󴖊󴕕󴑷󴒔󴔩󴑪󴑙󴐁󴔷󴑼󴔬}} |pronunciation={{ipa|[tukɨ́sáɟːე̌mga]}} |family=Draconic{{disputed}} |scripts=Lunarian runes
Hiragana
Katakana
Latin script
Cyrillic script
Han logograms |country=Rauratoshan (minority) |demonym=Lunarian, Lunatic |regulator=Lunatic Linguistic Correction Facility |lang-code=LNR }} : ''This article is about the language..."

2025-11-21T14:42:48Z

Created page with "{{Infobox language |name=Lunarian {{lunr|󴑔󴕉󴖊󴕕󴑷󴒔󴔩󴑪󴑙󴐁󴔷󴑼󴔬}} |pronunciation={{ipa|[tukɨ́sáɟːე̌mga]}} |family=Draconic{{disputed}} |scripts=Lunarian runes Hiragana Katakana Latin script Cyrillic script Han logograms |country=Rauratoshan (minority) |demonym=Lunarian, Lunatic |regulator=Lunatic Linguistic Correction Facility |lang-code=LNR }} : ''This article is about the language..."

New page

{{Infobox language
|name=Lunarian {{lunr|󴑔󴕉󴖊󴕕󴑷󴒔󴔩󴑪󴑙󴐁󴔷󴑼󴔬}}
|pronunciation={{ipa|[tukɨ́sáɟːე̌mga]}}
|family=[[Draconic languages|Draconic]]{{disputed}}
|scripts=[[Lunarian runes]] Hiragana Katakana Latin script Cyrillic script Han logograms
|country=[[Rauratoshan]] (minority)
|demonym=Lunarian, Lunatic
|regulator=Lunatic Linguistic Correction Facility
|lang-code=LNR
}}
: ''This article is about the language. For other things referred to as "Lunarian", see the ''[[Lunarian]]'' disambiguation page.''

'''Lunarian''', natively known as '''Tukǝsaɟɟɇmga''' ([[Lunarian IPA|IPA]]: {{ipa|[tukɨ́sáɟːე̌mga]}}) is a [[Draconic languages|Draconic language]]{{disputed}} spoken on the moon and in other places that have had contact with lunar species. It is the language of the Lunatic Kingdom.

==Dialectology==
Lunarian is noted for being impossible for terrestrial beings to "correctly" pronounce. The reasons for this are manifold:
* Standard Lunarian language is strongly affected by Lunatic policy regarding language use, preventing some of the most extreme features of Lunarian from simplifying. Other dialects may be easier, though.
* [[Imaginary phoneme]]s: Eleven of Lunarian's phonemes, including half of all vowels, are always pronounced (at least in Lunatic dialects) in ways that humans either find extremely difficult (for imaginary consonants) or physically impossible (for imaginary vowels). These eleven phonemes are referred to as "imaginary phonemes", and were the main reason for the creation of [[asterIPA]].
* [[Purity mutation]]: In specific environments, Lunarian phonemes can undergo "purity mutation" of either first-order or second-order. These are lenitions that are typically used in formal words or situations. Purity mutation is mandated in Jinhayan Lunarian, and causes many phonemes that otherwise aren't imaginary to have imaginary allophones.
* Imaginary mathematics: Lunarian's standard base is "raishnegahex", or base 4''i''. Additionally, Lunarian standards of mathematics differ from terrestrial standards.

There are three major varieties of Lunarian:
* Standard Lunarian: The legally-mandated variety for use in the Lunatic Kingdom. This dialect's hearth is the [[Sea of Muscovy]]. There are three major sub-dialects: Jinhayan (also spelled "Jinghayan") Lunarian, the government-approved register which officials are required to use, Kriseon Lunarian, a "punk dialect" of the [[Ocean of Storms]] that intentionally diverges from Jinhayan norms, and Eienteyan Lunarian, used by the descendants of 20th-century refugees from the Lunatic Kingdom.
* Impure, Terrible, Evil, Gross Lunarian: Also referred to simply as "Impure Lunarian." Spoken elsewhere that youkai are prominent, such as the two hells. Impure Lunarian generally does not use second-order purity mutation. The English name is an exonym translated from Standard Lunarian. Eienteyan Lunarian is considered an impure dialect by Lunatic officials, even though linguistically it is at best a creole between Standard Lunarian and Impure Lunarian.
* Disgusting, Awful, Repulsive, Terrestrial Lunarian: Also referred to as "Terrestrial Lunarian." Spoken in the "human world". This is by far the smallest dialect group. It is strongly suggested that {{wp|Area 51}} contains a treatise on Terrestrial Lunarian.

==Phonology==
{{main|Lunarian phonology}}
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
! colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Post- alveolar]]/ [[w:Palatal consonant|palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Uvular]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Laryngeal]]
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palatal stop|c]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal stop|ɟ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|g]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! plain
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial fricative|ɸ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palatal fricative|ç]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal fricative|ʝ]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless uvular fricative|χ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:sibilant consonant|sibilant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Whistle|ѳ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]])
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palato-alveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced uvular nasal|ɴ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[Voiced laryngeal nasal|ն]]
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
! plain
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental approximant|ʋ̟]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar approximant|ɹ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiovelar approximant|w]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Lateral consonant|lateral]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative|{{ipa|ɬ}}]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|{{ipa|l}}]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ʎ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar lateral approximant|ʟ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[Voiced uvular lateral approximant|լ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[Voiced velar trill|ր]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}
====Notes====
* The Cyrillic letter fita <ѳ> is used in [[asterIPA]] to refer to a "whistle fricative", even though this {{wp|s͎|has an extIPA symbol}}; Astaryuu defends this by saying that Lunarian considers the whistle fricative a labial sibilant, while <s͎> is clearly alveolar.
* The uvular unvoiced fricative /χ/ is generally velarized [χᵚ], if not truly velar [x]. However, since it patterns with the uvular voiced fricative /ʁ/, it is considered uvular instead of velar.
* All approximants and trills (regardless of if they are lateral or not) become voiceless when before a voiceless plosive; [ɬ] just is the only voiceless approximant which is found outside of this context (though [ç] is often considered a voiceless /j/).
* Trills are unique in that despite being sonorous, they undergo purity mutation, likely because they're seen as similar enough to /d g/ to mutate. However, their mutation is very limited.
* The voiced fricatives /ʝ ʁ/ pattern like sonorants, in that they never undergo purity mutation, and may be replaced by an affixed plosive depending on which plosive is affixed. However, they still do not become voiceless when adjacent to a voiceless phoneme.

===Vowels===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
! [[Nepo vowel|Nepo]]
|
| [[Nepo front unrounded vowel|ა]]
|
|-
! [[Dim vowel|Dim]]
| [[Dim-esolc front unrounded vowel|ო]]
| [[Dim central vowel|ჷ]]
| [[Dim-esolc back rounded vowel|ე]]
|-
! [[Esolc vowel|Esolc]]
| [[Esolc front unrounded vowel|უ]]
|
| [[Esolc back rounded vowel|ი]]
|-
! !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Central vowel|Central]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|Close]]
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| [[w:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]]
| [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
|
| [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|}

====Notes====
* In Impure and Terrestrial Lunarian, nepo, dim, and esolc vowels become the equivalent open, mid, and close vowels respectively, but with their backness and rounding flipped. For example, the dim ''front rounded'' vowel /ო/ becomes [ɤ], the mid ''back unrounded'' vowel. This is also why the {{wp|Georgian language|Georgian}} letters used for the imaginary vowels appear reversed compared to their actual values in Georgian.
* The vowels /e o ო ე/ are all true mid [e̞ o̞ ო̝ ე˔].

===Purity mutation===
{{main|Purity mutation}}
Purity mutation primarily occurs based on the purity class of the noun it refers to. It is mostly limited to Standard Lunarian, but Impure Lunarian does make use of first-level mutation.

First-level mutation applies to plosives exclusively, nuking them in contexts except before fricatives. Trills usually do not get mutated in first-level, but some dialects do lenite them in the coda or before a non-continuant (plosive or nasal).

Second-level mutation applies to all plosives, trills, and voiceless fricatives, but not to voiced fricatives, nasals, or approximants. Second-level mutation applies ''after'' first-level mutation, such that for example, in the cluster /ata/, /t/ first mutates to [s] and then to [θ̞]. It is also more aggressive, destroying all remaining plosives.

==Orthography==
Much like how Japanese technically uses four scripts at the same time, Lunarian technically uses six scripts at the same time. However, most dialects do not use all six scripts at the same time. The following scripts are ordered in order of how often they are used in Lunarian writing.
# [[Lunarian runes]] ({{term|ƿtadassja}}): An alphabet based on {{wp|man'yogana}} that functions similarly to {{wp|hangul}}. ''Ƿtadassja'' is considered the "native script" of Lunarian, and is usually written in the same direction as Sinitic or Japanese writing.
# {{wp|Katakana}} ({{term|terasja}}): Generally used for loanwords from Japanese and onomatopoeia. Ironically, the name ''ƿtadassja'' is often written in katakana, as it is literally "the correct characters" (with the word for ''correct'' coming from Japanese ''tadashii''.
# {{wp|Hiragana}} ({{term|ønnasja}}): Not used commonly in Lunatic dialects, but in Eienteyan and Impure dialects, hiragana are often used in place of katakana when the word would use hiragana in Japanese.
# {{wp|Latin script}} ({{term|romasja}}): Used for non-Japanese loanwords originally written in Latin script. Use of Latin script is banned by the Lunatic Linguistic Correction Facility and a third-order misdemeanor that can result in a sentence of up to 3 years or ¥300,0000 (the highest sentence that the Lunatic Constitution allows a non-felony to have).
# {{wp|Cyrillic script}} ({{term|bɏlgasja}}): Equivalent to Latin script, including its legal status in the Lunatic Kingdom.
# {{wp|Hanzi}} ({{term|hansja}}): Although Han characters are legal, they are considered old-fashioned in Lunatic dialects. The only common use for hanzi in modern Lunarian writing is in the numeral system.

Because the scripts see use in some dialects, there is also a complete romanization and cyrillization of Lunarian. However, only Terrestrial Lunarian uses these more than ''ƿtadassja''. Both are also considered to be badly designed, with heavy use of characters outside {{wp|Windows-1251}} (Cyrillic script) and {{wp|Windows-1252|-1252}} (Latin script). While there generally are commonly accepted digraphs that are within these standards, Impure Lunarian prefers to use the monographs, and so this extends to Terrestrial Lunarian.

===Romanization===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
! colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Labial
! colspan="2" | alveolar
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Post- alveolar]]/ palatal
! colspan="2" | Velar
! colspan="2" | Uvular
! colspan="2" | Laryngeal
|-
! colspan="2" | Stop
| style="border-right: 0;" | p || style="border-left: 0;" | b
| style="border-right: 0;" | t || style="border-left: 0;" | d
| style="border-right: 0;" | c || style="border-left: 0;" | gy ~ ɟ
| style="border-right: 0;" | k || style="border-left: 0;" | g
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | q || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! rowspan="2" | Fricative
! plain
| style="border-right: 0;" | f || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | ch || style="border-left: 0;" | zh
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | x || style="border-left: 0;" | rh ~ ħ
| colspan="2" |
|-
! sibilant
| style="border-right: 0;" | fw ~ ƨ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | s || style="border-left: 0;" | z
| style="border-right: 0;" | sh ~ ʒ || style="border-left: 0;" | j
| style="border-right: 0;" | sj || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | m
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | n
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | nj ~ ɲ
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ng ~ ŋ
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | nq ~ ņ
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | nh ~ ñ
|-
! rowspan="2" | Approximant
! plain
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | v
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | r
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | y
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | w
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | h || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! lateral
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | hl || style="border-left: 0;" | l
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | lh
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | kl ~ ł
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | gl ~ ƿ
| colspan="2" |
|-
! colspan="2" | Trill
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | rr
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | kr ~ ɣ
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
! Nepo
|
| ⱥ
|
|-
! Dim
| ø
| ɏ
| ɇ
|-
! Esolc
| ʉ
|
| ɨ
|-
! !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
! Close
| i
| y ~ ǝ
| u
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Mid]]
| e
|
| o
|-
! Open
|
| a
|
|}

==Morphology and grammar==
===Case marking and word order===
Like Japanese, Lunarian uses SOV word order. Likewise, clitics are applied after the word to indicate one of five cases (accusative, genitive, dative, instrumental/locative - nominative is unmarked), alongside the topical clitic ''ɟa'' which can occur in tandem with a case marker.

These clitics are treated as their own words, but frequently mutate the ending of the word they succeed, much as actual affixes would, hence their definition as clitics. For example:
* nuƨⱥ (nominative: basic form)
* nuƨⱥł̄ (accusative: basic form)
* nuƨɇɟa (topical: palatalized)
* nuƨøve (locative: labialized)

Not all words undergo all valid mutations - some words do mutate in accusative, for example (mǝrr → mǝɣł̄) . However, this is solely dependent on the rhyme of the word (that is, the final vowel and coda).

===Noun class===
Nouns are divided into one of thirteen classes based on perceived purity. For nouns that refer to people, this forms a formality hierarchy. When addressing someone, the correct marker must be applied to (or should replace) their name depending on their social standing relative to the speaker. Referring to a government official using the incorrect class is illegal in the Lunatic Kingdom (though unless the speaker disrespected the royal family or referred to any official using the earthly class while not in the royal family, the punishment is usually just a small fine).

It is easier to refer to these purity classes using a numerical ranking. The thirteen noun classes are ranked 13 ("heavenly"), 11, 10, 9, 8 ("pure"), 7, 6 ("average"), 5, 4 ("impure"), 3, 2, 1, -1 ("earthly"). Adjectives decline against this class, and all non-personal nouns can move up or down the ranking for different semantic reasons. Using a higher class for a noun than its "natural" class is called "purification", while using a lower class for a noun than its "natural" class is called "pollution".

Applying the standard honorific ''ƿ-'' to a noun that does not already have it is a first-degree purification.

Nouns that refer to people are much more strict with this system - they always have a natural purity rank of 6, and always end in -sa (likely an archaic marker of this rank). Names are personal nouns, but need not have a naturally average purity rank. These nouns also have a suite of rank-altering affixes which are mostly unique:
* {{term|-mistɣmpƿzden}}: the "dogwhistle affix", only used in Kriseon Lunarian. Borrowed from the name of a notorious Earthling politican who planned to nuke the moon and turn the Sea of Crises into a parking lot{{citation needed}}. Fourteenth-degree pollution, but adjectives applied to the noun conjugate as if no purity change occurred unless the speaker is not likely to be heard by a Lunatic Kingdom official. Not exclusive to people.
* {{term|tem-}}: Borrowed from Japanese ''temē''. Twelfth-degree pollution.
* {{term|yukȝrɨ}}: Name of the yukkuris. Reduces to Impure class, or third-degree pollution, whichever is more pollution.
* {{term|sɏka-}}: Borrowed from Russian ''сука''. Third-degree pollution.
* {{term|añ-}}: Second-degree pollution.
* Removing -sa: First-degree pollution that can stack with any other affix.
* {{term|-fwⱥ}}: First-degree purification.
* {{term|ƿ-}}: First-degree purification that can stack with any other affix. Not exclusive to people.
* {{term|-fwʉna}}: Second-degree purification.
* {{term|-mistapƿzden}}: Borrowed from English "Mr. President." Third-degree purification unless the root is explicitly a human.

===Numerals===
Lunarian typically uses base 4''i'', also known as "raishnegahex." However, simple negahex (base -16) and even plain hex (base 16) are also used commonly, and there is no standard marker for when a number is raishnegahex, negahex, or plain hex. Bilingual communities of Lunarian and a language that uses decimal may even use negaBCD or standard BCD (where BCD stands for {{wp|binary-coded decimal}}), where the words for Lunarian numbers are used, but they represent 10x rather than 16x, and the numerals for 10-15 are skipped. Again, no marker is standard.

Out-of-universe, all variants of this number system are based on the numeral system of [[Proto-Protogen]], and all use the same words. However, unlike Proto-Protogen, English translations of Lunarian raishnegahex do not use prefixes. Instead, English words for 0 to 12 are used for their corresponding values, while 13 uses ''luck'', 14 uses ''fort'', and 15 uses ''comp''.

Lunarian typically represents its numeral system using Han characters, using the standard characters for 0-9 and the modern Japanese kanji for the days of the week for 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15. The Han characters for 10x are used for 16x. However, in recent years, argam numerals (an extension of Hindu-Arabic numerals; "argam" means "number" in Arabic) and standard hexadecimal code have become popular in some dialects. Particularly, "argamsja" is actually preferred over ''hansja'' in Kriseon Lunarian, because it is technically ''romasja'' and thus illegal, even though the Lunatic Court ruled that Arabic numerals were legal in ''Josutⱥ v. Lunatic Language Correction Facility'', owing to their rising use in Japanese.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:47, 21 November 2025
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	==Orthography==		==Orthography==
	Much like how Japanese technically uses four scripts at the same time, Lunarian technically uses six scripts at the same time. However, most dialects do not use all six scripts at the same time. The following scripts are ordered in order of how often they are used in Lunarian writing.		Much like how Japanese technically uses four scripts at the same time, Lunarian technically uses six scripts at the same time. However, most dialects do not use all six scripts at the same time. The following scripts are ordered in order of how often they are used in Lunarian writing.
	# [[Lunarian runes]] (~~{{term\|~~ƿtadassja}}): An alphabet based on {{wp\|man'yogana}} that functions similarly to {{wp\|hangul}}. ''Ƿtadassja'' is considered the "native script" of Lunarian, and is usually written in the same direction as Sinitic or Japanese writing.		# [[Lunarian runes]] (ƿtadassja): An alphabet based on {{wp\|man'yogana}} that functions similarly to {{wp\|hangul}}. ''Ƿtadassja'' is considered the "native script" of Lunarian, and is usually written in the same direction as Sinitic or Japanese writing.
	# {{wp\|Katakana}} (~~{{term\|~~terasja}}): Generally used for loanwords from Japanese and onomatopoeia. Ironically, the name ''ƿtadassja'' is often written in katakana, as it is literally "the correct characters" (with the word for ''correct'' coming from Japanese ''tadashii''.		# {{wp\|Katakana}} (terasja): Generally used for loanwords from Japanese and onomatopoeia. Ironically, the name ''ƿtadassja'' is often written in katakana, as it is literally "the correct characters" (with the word for ''correct'' coming from Japanese ''tadashii''.
	# {{wp\|Hiragana}} (~~{{term\|~~ønnasja}}): Not used commonly in Lunatic dialects, but in Eienteyan and Impure dialects, hiragana are often used in place of katakana when the word would use hiragana in Japanese.		# {{wp\|Hiragana}} (ønnasja): Not used commonly in Lunatic dialects, but in Eienteyan and Impure dialects, hiragana are often used in place of katakana when the word would use hiragana in Japanese.
	# {{wp\|Latin script}} (~~{{term\|~~romasja}}): Used for non-Japanese loanwords originally written in Latin script. Use of Latin script is banned by the Lunatic Linguistic Correction Facility and a third-order misdemeanor that can result in a sentence of up to 3 years or ¥300,0000 (the highest sentence that the Lunatic Constitution allows a non-felony to have).		# {{wp\|Latin script}} (romasja): Used for non-Japanese loanwords originally written in Latin script. Use of Latin script is banned by the Lunatic Linguistic Correction Facility and a third-order misdemeanor that can result in a sentence of up to 3 years or ¥300,0000 (the highest sentence that the Lunatic Constitution allows a non-felony to have).
	# {{wp\|Cyrillic script}} (~~{{term\|~~bɏlgasja}}): Equivalent to Latin script, including its legal status in the Lunatic Kingdom.		# {{wp\|Cyrillic script}} (bɏlgasja): Equivalent to Latin script, including its legal status in the Lunatic Kingdom.
	# {{wp\|Hanzi}} (~~{{term\|~~hansja}}): Although Han characters are legal, they are considered old-fashioned in Lunatic dialects. The only common use for hanzi in modern Lunarian writing is in the numeral system.		# {{wp\|Hanzi}} (hansja): Although Han characters are legal, they are considered old-fashioned in Lunatic dialects. The only common use for hanzi in modern Lunarian writing is in the numeral system.

	Because the scripts see use in some dialects, there is also a complete romanization and cyrillization of Lunarian. However, only Terrestrial Lunarian uses these more than ''ƿtadassja''. Both are also considered to be badly designed, with heavy use of characters outside {{wp\|Windows-1251}} (Cyrillic script) and {{wp\|Windows-1252\|-1252}} (Latin script). While there generally are commonly accepted digraphs that are within these standards, Impure Lunarian prefers to use the monographs, and so this extends to Terrestrial Lunarian.		Because the scripts see use in some dialects, there is also a complete romanization and cyrillization of Lunarian. However, only Terrestrial Lunarian uses these more than ''ƿtadassja''. Both are also considered to be badly designed, with heavy use of characters outside {{wp\|Windows-1251}} (Cyrillic script) and {{wp\|Windows-1252\|-1252}} (Latin script). While there generally are commonly accepted digraphs that are within these standards, Impure Lunarian prefers to use the monographs, and so this extends to Terrestrial Lunarian.
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	Nouns that refer to people are much more strict with this system - they always have a natural purity rank of 6, and always end in -sa (likely an archaic marker of this rank). Names are personal nouns, but need not have a naturally average purity rank. These nouns also have a suite of rank-altering affixes which are mostly unique:		Nouns that refer to people are much more strict with this system - they always have a natural purity rank of 6, and always end in -sa (likely an archaic marker of this rank). Names are personal nouns, but need not have a naturally average purity rank. These nouns also have a suite of rank-altering affixes which are mostly unique:
	* ~~{{term\|~~-mistɣmpƿzden}}: the "dogwhistle affix", only used in Kriseon Lunarian. Borrowed from the name of a notorious Earthling politican who planned to nuke the moon and turn the Sea of Crises into a parking lot{{citation needed}}. Fourteenth-degree pollution, but adjectives applied to the noun conjugate as if no purity change occurred unless the speaker is not likely to be heard by a Lunatic Kingdom official. Not exclusive to people.		* -mistɣmpƿzden: the "dogwhistle affix", only used in Kriseon Lunarian. Borrowed from the name of a notorious Earthling politican who planned to nuke the moon and turn the Sea of Crises into a parking lot{{citation needed}}. Fourteenth-degree pollution, but adjectives applied to the noun conjugate as if no purity change occurred unless the speaker is not likely to be heard by a Lunatic Kingdom official. Not exclusive to people.
	* ~~{{term\|~~tem-}}: Borrowed from Japanese ''temē''. Twelfth-degree pollution.		* tem-: Borrowed from Japanese ''temē''. Twelfth-degree pollution.
	* ~~{{term\|~~yukȝrɨ}}: Name of the yukkuris. Reduces to Impure class, or third-degree pollution, whichever is more pollution.		* yukȝrɨ: Name of the yukkuris. Reduces to Impure class, or third-degree pollution, whichever is more pollution.
	* ~~{{term\|~~sɏka-}}: Borrowed from Russian ''сука''. Third-degree pollution.		* sɏka-: Borrowed from Russian ''сука''. Third-degree pollution.
	* ~~{{term\|~~añ-}}: Second-degree pollution.		* añ-: Second-degree pollution.
	* Removing -sa: First-degree pollution that can stack with any other affix.		* Removing -sa: First-degree pollution that can stack with any other affix.
	* ~~{{term\|~~-fwⱥ}}: First-degree purification.		* -fwⱥ: First-degree purification.
	* ~~{{term\|~~ƿ-}}: First-degree purification that can stack with any other affix. Not exclusive to people.		* ƿ-: First-degree purification that can stack with any other affix. Not exclusive to people.
	* ~~{{term\|~~-fwʉna}}: Second-degree purification.		* -fwʉna: Second-degree purification.
	* ~~{{term\|~~-mistapƿzden}}: Borrowed from English "Mr. President." Third-degree purification unless the root is explicitly a human.		* -mistapƿzden: Borrowed from English "Mr. President." Third-degree purification unless the root is explicitly a human.

	===Numerals===		===Numerals===