P’aa’chí - Revision history

Suqi at 17:56, 28 October 2025

2025-10-28T17:56:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:56, 28 October 2025
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	'''P’aa’chí''', pronounced {{Ipa\|[~~pʼæ̰̀ːˈçi̋ʰ~~]}} and anglicized to '''Pashi''' {{Ipa\|/ˈpæʃi/}}, is a language spoken in [[Juya Gwaña]] and is part of the [[Deep Dimensional]] language family. It was previously thought to be a [[Trace Deeplects\|Trace Deeplect]], but enough of the language's grammar was discovered that it was reclassified as a complete language. P’aa’chí is from the [[Hiu’o]] branch and has one sister language: [[Chewuko’u]].		'''P’aa’chí''', pronounced {{Ipa\|[pʼæ̰̌ːˈçi̋ʰ]}} and anglicized to '''Pashi''' {{Ipa\|/ˈpæʃi/}}, is a language spoken in [[Juya Gwaña]] and is part of the [[Deep Dimensional]] language family. It was previously thought to be a [[Trace Deeplects\|Trace Deeplect]], but enough of the language's grammar was discovered that it was reclassified as a complete language. P’aa’chí is from the [[Hiu’o]] branch and has one sister language: [[Chewuko’u]].

	== Phonology ==		== Phonology ==
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	''{{Ipa\|Vāal çk’owh dțúwig’ūwil’i kaa nqòm’chų̄ų ǫ’.}}''		''{{Ipa\|Vāal çk’owh dțúwig’ūwil’i kaa nqòm’chų̄ų ǫ’.}}''

	''{{Ipa\|[~~β̞ǽːl ǂ͡kʼɔ̤̀~~ ᶢǀɯ̋͜i̋ʰʕˀɯ́͜ílˀì kæ̀ː ᶰɢȍˀmˀçṹː ɔ̰̃̀]}}''		''{{Ipa\|[β̞æ̂ːl ǂ͡kʼɔ̤̌ ᶢǀɯ̋͜i̋ʰʕˀɯ́͜ílˀì kæ̀ː ᶰɢȍˀmˀçṹː ɔ̰̃̀]}}''

	<code>[[[Vāal]<sup>Adv</sup> [çk’owh]]<sup>V</sup> [[[[dțúwig’ūwi]<sup>N</sup> -l’i]<sup>NP</sup> [kaa]<sup>Adj</sup>]<sup>NP</sup> [[nqòm’]<sup>N</sup> -chų̄ų]<sup>RelC</sup>]<sup>NP</sup>]<sup>VP</sup> [ǫ’]<sup>NP</sup></code>		<code>[[[Vāal]<sup>Adv</sup> [çk’owh]]<sup>V</sup> [[[[dțúwig’ūwi]<sup>N</sup> -l’i]<sup>NP</sup> [kaa]<sup>Adj</sup>]<sup>NP</sup> [[nqòm’]<sup>N</sup> -chų̄ų]<sup>RelC</sup>]<sup>NP</sup>]<sup>VP</sup> [ǫ’]<sup>NP</sup></code>

Suqi: /* Sentences */

2025-10-28T17:31:27Z

Sentences

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:31, 28 October 2025
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	''{{Ipa\|[kɨ̃̂ ⁿdũ̏ˀŋˀlˀì ᵏǁʰḭ́ː jˀɛ̤̋ʰ.sæ̀ ᵑǀˀṳ́ɹ]}}''		''{{Ipa\|[kɨ̃̂ ⁿdũ̏ˀŋˀlˀì ᵏǁʰḭ́ː jˀɛ̤̋ʰ.sæ̀ ᵑǀˀṳ́ɹ]}}''

	<code>[[Kį̄]<sup>V</sup> [ndų̀nggų]<sup>NP</sup> -l’i]<sup>VP</sup> [[[ļhīi’]<sup>N</sup> [[y’éhbē]<sup>N</sup> -sa]<sup>RelC</sup>]<sup>NP</sup> [[nț’ūhrį́]<sup>V</sup> -n]]<sup>ConVP</sup></code>		<code>[[Kį̄]<sup>V</sup> [[ndų̀nggų]<sup>N</sup> -l’i]<sup>NP</sup>]<sup>VP</sup> [[[ļhīi’]<sup>N</sup> [[y’éhbē]<sup>N</sup> -sa]<sup>RelC</sup>]<sup>NP</sup> [[nț’ūhrį́]<sup>V</sup> -n]]<sup>ConVP</sup></code>

	<code>see hammer -TOP person friend -REL.COP smile -CONV</code>		<code>see hammer -TOP person friend -REL.COP smile -CONV</code>
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	~~''{{Ipa\|Vāal çk’owh dțúwig’ūwil’i nqòm’chų̄ų ǫ’.}}''~~

	''{{Ipa\|~~[β̞ǽːl ǂ͡kʼɔ̤̀ ᶢǀɯ̋͜i̋ʰʕˀɯ́͜ílˀì ᶰɢȍˀmˀçṹː ɔ̰̃̀]~~}}''		''{{Ipa\|Vāal çk’owh dțúwig’ūwil’i kaa nqòm’chų̄ų ǫ’.}}''

	~~<code>~~[~~[[Vāal]<sup>Adv</sup> [çk’owh]]<sup>V</sup> [[[dțúwig’ūwi]<sup>N</sup> -l’i]<sup>NP</sup> [[nqòm’]<sup>N</sup> -chų̄ų]<sup>RelC</sup>]<sup>NP</sup>]<sup>VP</sup> [ǫ’~~]~~<sup>NP</sup></code>~~		''{{Ipa\|[β̞ǽːl ǂ͡kʼɔ̤̀ ᶢǀɯ̋͜i̋ʰʕˀɯ́͜ílˀì kæ̀ː ᶰɢȍˀmˀçṹː ɔ̰̃̀]}}''

	<code>up give genital.PAUC -TOP fat -REL.COMM 1.SG</code>		<code>[[[Vāal]<sup>Adv</sup> [çk’owh]]<sup>V</sup> [[[[dțúwig’ūwi]<sup>N</sup> -l’i]<sup>NP</sup> [kaa]<sup>Adj</sup>]<sup>NP</sup> [[nqòm’]<sup>N</sup> -chų̄ų]<sup>RelC</sup>]<sup>NP</sup>]<sup>VP</sup> [ǫ’]<sup>NP</sup></code>

			<code>up give genital.PAUC -TOP butt fat -REL.COMM 1.SG</code>

	“I gift you the stinkin' genitals with the fat.”		“I gift you the stinkin' genitals with the fat.”

Suqi: /* Vocabulary */

2025-10-28T17:28:02Z

Vocabulary

Show changes

Suqi: /* Sentences */

2025-10-28T16:50:24Z

Sentences

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:50, 28 October 2025
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	''{{Ipa\|Kį̄ ndų̀nggųl’i ļhīi’ y’éhbēsa nț’ūhrį́n.}}''		''{{Ipa\|Kį̄ ndų̀nggųl’i ļhīi’ y’éhbēsa nț’ūhrį́n.}}''

	''{{Ipa\|[~~kɨ̃˥˩ ⁿdũˀ˩~~.~~ᵑɡũ˨~~.~~lˀi˨ ᵏǁʰḭː˦ jˀɛ̤ʰ˥~~.~~be˦~~.~~sæ˨ ᵑǀˀṳ˦~~.~~ɹɨ̃ʰn˥~~]}}''		''{{Ipa\|[kɨ̃̂ ⁿdũ̏ˀ.ᵑɡũ̀.lˀì ᵏǁʰḭ́ː jˀɛ̤̋ʰ.bé.sæ̀ ᵑǀˀṳ́.ɹɨ̃̋ʰn]}}''

	<code>[[kį̄]<sup>V</sup> [ndų̀nggų]<sup>N</sup> -l'i]<sup>VP</sup> [[[ļhīi']<sup>N</sup> [[y'éhbē]<sup>N</sup> -sa]<sup>RelC</sup>]<sup>NP</sup> [[nț'ūhrį́]<sup>V</sup> -n]]<sup>ConVP</sup></code>		<code>[[kį̄]<sup>V</sup> [ndų̀nggų]<sup>N</sup> -l'i]<sup>VP</sup> [[[ļhīi']<sup>N</sup> [[y'éhbē]<sup>N</sup> -sa]<sup>RelC</sup>]<sup>NP</sup> [[nț'ūhrį́]<sup>V</sup> -n]]<sup>ConVP</sup></code>

	<code>see hammer -~~ACC~~ person friend -REL.COP smile -CONV</code>		<code>see hammer -TOP person friend -REL.COP smile -CONV</code>

	The person, who is a friend, sees the hammer and then smiles.		The person, who is a friend, sees the hammer and then smiles.

Suqi at 16:48, 28 October 2025

2025-10-28T16:48:34Z

Show changes

Suqi at 16:45, 28 October 2025

2025-10-28T16:45:41Z

Show changes

Suqi: Created page with " '''P’aa’chí''', pronounced {{Ipa|[pʼæ̰̀ːˈçi̋ʰ]}} and anglicized to '''Pashi''' {{Ipa|/ˈpæʃi/}}, is a language spoken in Juya Gwaña and is part of the Deep Dimensional language family. It was previously thought to be a Trace Deeplect, but enough of the language's grammar was discovered that it was reclassified as a complete language. P’aa’chí is from the Hiu’o branch and has one sister language: Chewuko’u. =..."

2025-10-28T16:39:45Z

Created page with " '''P’aa’chí''', pronounced {{Ipa|[pʼæ̰̀ːˈçi̋ʰ]}} and anglicized to '''Pashi''' {{Ipa|/ˈpæʃi/}}, is a language spoken in Juya Gwaña and is part of the Deep Dimensional language family. It was previously thought to be a Trace Deeplect, but enough of the language's grammar was discovered that it was reclassified as a complete language. P’aa’chí is from the Hiu’o branch and has one sister language: Chewuko’u. =..."

New page

'''P’aa’chí''', pronounced {{Ipa|[pʼæ̰̀ːˈçi̋ʰ]}} and anglicized to '''Pashi''' {{Ipa|/ˈpæʃi/}}, is a language spoken in [[Juya Gwaña]] and is part of the [[Deep Dimensional]] language family. It was previously thought to be a [[Trace Deeplects|Trace Deeplect]], but enough of the language's grammar was discovered that it was reclassified as a complete language. P’aa’chí is from the [[Hiu’o]] branch and has one sister language: [[Chewuko’u]].

== Phonology ==

=== Non-Click Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
!
!Labial
!Dental
!Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Uvular
!Epiglottal
|-
!Nasal
|m (m)
|n̪ (nh)
|n (n)
|ɲ (ny)
|ŋ (ng)
|
|
|-
!Glottalized Nasal
|mˀ (m')
|
|nˀ (n')
|ɲˀ (ny')
|ŋˀ (ng')
|
|
|-
!Prenasalized Plosive
|
|ⁿdz̪ (ndz)
|ⁿd (nd)
|ᶮɟ (nj)
|ᵑɡ (ngg)
|ᶰɢ (nq)
|
|-
!Voiceless Plosive
|p (p)
|ts̪ (tz)
|t (t)
|c (c)
|k (k)
|q (q)
|ʡ (x)
|-
!Voiced Plosive
|b (b)
|dz̪ (dz)
|d (d)
|ɟ (j)
|ɡ (g)
|
|
|-
!Ejective
|pʼ (p')
|ts̪ʼ (tz')
|tʼ (t')
|cʼ (c')
|kʼ (k')
|qʼ (q')
|
|-
!Implosive
|ɓ (b')
|
|ɗ (d')
|
|
|
|
|-
!Fricative
|
|s̪ (sz)
|s (s)
|ç (ch)
|
|χ (qh)
|ħ (ḥ)
|-
!Approximant
|β̞ (v)
|ð̞ (dh)
|ɹ (r)
|j (y)
|ɰ (gh)
|
|
|-
!Glottalized Approximant
|
|
|
|jˀ (y')
|
|
|ʕˀ (g')
|-
!Lateral
|
|l̪ (lh)
|l (l)
|ʎ (ly)
|
|
|
|-
!Glottalized Lateral
|
|
|lˀ (l')
|ʎˀ (ly')
|
|
|
|}

=== Click Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
! colspan="2" |
!Labial
!Dental
!Alveolar
!Lateral
!Palatal
|-
! rowspan="2" |Nasal
!Plain
|ᵑʘ (mf)
|ᵑǀ (nț)
|ᵑǃ (nķ)
|ᵑǁ (nļ)
|ᵑǂ (nç)
|-
!Glottalized
|ᵑʘˀ (mf')
|ᵑǀˀ (nț')
|ᵑǃˀ (nķ')
|ᵑǁˀ (nļ')
|ᵑǂˀ (nç')
|-
! rowspan="6" |Voiceless
!Affricate
|ᵏʘχ (fq)
|ᵏǀχ (țq)
|ᵏǃχ (ķq)
|ᵏǁχ (ļq)
|ᵏǂχ (çq)
|-
!Aspirated
|ᵏʘʰ (fh)
|ᵏǀʰ (țh)
|ᵏǃʰ (ķh)
|ᵏǁʰ (ļh)
|ᵏǂʰ (çh)
|-
!Tenuis
|ᵏʘ (f)
|ᵏǀ (ț)
|ᵏǃ (ķ)
|ᵏǁ (ļ)
|ᵏǂ (ç)
|-
!Glottalized Oral
|ᵏʘˀ (f')
|ᵏǀˀ (ț')
|ᵏǃˀ (ķ')
|ᵏǁˀ (ļ')
|ᵏǂˀ (ç')
|-
!Ejective
|ʘkʼ (fk')
|ǀkʼ (țk')
|ǃkʼ (ķk')
|ǁkʼ (ļk')
|ǂkʼ (çk')
|-
!Fricative Ejective
|ᵏʘxʼ (fh')
|ᵏǀxʼ (țh')
|ᵏǃxʼ (ķh')
|ᵏǁxʼ (ļh')
|ᵏǂxʼ (çh')
|-
! colspan="2" |Voiced
|ᶢʘ (bf)
|ᶢǀ (dț)
|ᶢǃ (dķ)
|ᶢǁ (dļ)
|ᶢǂ (jç)
|}

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" |Oral
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|-
! colspan="2" |Front
! colspan="2" |Back
! colspan="2" |Non-Front
|-
!Unround
!Round
!Unround
!Round
!Unround
!Round
|-
! rowspan="3" |Modal
!High
|i (i)
|y (iw)
|ɯ (uw)
|u (u)
|ɨ̃ (į)
|ũ (ų)
|-
!Mid
|e (e)
|ø (ew)
|
|o (o)
|ɘ̃ (ę)
|õ (ǫ)
|-
!Low
|æ (a)
|ɶ (aw)
|
|ɔ (ow)
|ã (ą)
|ɔ̃ (ǫw)
|-
! rowspan="3" |Creaky
!High
|ɪ̰ (i')
|
|
|ʊ̰ (u')
|ɨ̰̃ (į')
|ṵ̃ (ų')
|-
!Mid
|ɛ̰ (e')
|
|
|ɔ̰ (o')
|ɘ̰̃ (ę')
|õ̰ (ǫ')
|-
!Low
|
|
|ɑ̰ (a')
|
|ã̰ (ą')
|ɔ̰̃ (ǫw')
|-
! rowspan="2" |Breathy
!High
|ɪ̤ (ih)
|
|ɘ̤ (uwh)
|ʊ̤ (uh)
|
|
|-
!Low
|ɛ̤ (eh)
|ɞ̤ (awh)
|ɑ̤ (ah)
|ɔ̤ (oh)
|
|
|}

=== Tones ===
Vowels can have a high ⟨◌̄⟩ or low tone ⟨◌⟩. Stressed high-tone vowels ⟨◌́⟩ are extra-high and aspirated [◌̋ʰ], and stressed low-tone vowels ⟨◌̀⟩ are extra-low and postglottalized [◌̏ˀ].

* H[+long] > HL / _L
* L[+long] > LH / _H
* H[–long] > HL / _L[+stress]
* L[–long] > LH / _H[+stress]

This also happens across word boundaries.

=== Phonotactics ===
(C)V(R)

== Grammar ==

=== Syntax ===
P’aa’chí follows a verb-topic-agent structure. The topic may be a patient or agent. It is semantically whatever the verb is said to happen to. The agent is what causes the verb to happen, however. Every main verb must have a topic. No argument is considered the subject because both the topic and agent can take on qualities of a subject, which makes labeling either as the true subject arbitrary.

Placing a converb after all the arguments indicates it happened after the main verb. Placing a converb before the main verb indicates it resulted in the main verb. Placing a converb after the main verb indicates it happened simultaneously. Placing a converb after the topic, but before the agent, indicates it is connected to the main action in some other way, which is usually interpretable through context. The relationship may be specified through a relative clause that it becomes the main verb of. The agent of the main verb is always the agent of the converb, but the converb may be followed by its own topic separate from that of the main verb. If the main verb has no agent, then the converb instead shares the topic with the main verb and cannot have an agent.

Should I add gender?

Verbs can be conjugated for person, obviation, and more?

== Sentences ==
''{{Ipa|Kį̄ ndų̀nggųl’i ļhīi’ y’éhbēsa nț’ūhrį́n.}}''

''{{Ipa|[kɨ̃˥˩ ⁿdũˀ˩.ᵑɡũ˨.lˀi˨ ᵏǁʰḭː˦ jˀɛ̤ʰ˥.be˦.sæ˨ ᵑǀˀṳ˦.ɹɨ̃ʰn˥]}}''

<code>[[kį̄]V [ndų̀nggų]N -l'i]VP [[[ļhīi']N [[y'éhbē]N -sa]RelC]NP [[nț'ūhrį́]V -n]]ConVP</code>

<code>see hammer -ACC person friend -REL.COP smile -CONV</code>

The person, who is a friend, sees the hammer and then smiles.

== Vocabulary ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
!English
!P’aa’chí
!Notes
|-
|hammer
|ndų̀nggų
|
|-
|person
|ļhīi'
|
|-
|friend
|y'éhbē
|
|-
|smile
|nț'ūhrį́
|
|-
|language
|ç'ē
|
|-
|to have
|so'u'
|
|-
|black
|ndzih
|
|-
|white
|nçęl
|
|-
|red
|k'ìwtūwh
|
|-
|to walk
|ķhāwy'
|
|-
|to show
|dțōvę́
|
|-
|to touch
|ļ'āa'ng
|
|-
|to see
|kį̄
|
|-
|to go
|buw
|
|-
|to bring
|mfōōw
|
|}