Tosï - Revision history

Accruenewblue at 06:24, 11 December 2025

2025-12-11T06:24:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:24, 11 December 2025
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	\|lang-code=TOS		\|lang-code=TOS
	}}		}}

	~~{{Notice\|This page makes dubious use of the Nahan script in a way that is no longer supported by the font}}~~

	'''Tosï''' ([tos], [[Kośtsiśtsi]]: ''káśtsi Tos'' ['kɒ́ʃtsi tos], Turis ''tos'' [tos]) is an official language of [[Dróstsiśtsi]].		'''Tosï''' ([tos], [[Kośtsiśtsi]]: ''káśtsi Tos'' ['kɒ́ʃtsi tos], Turis ''tos'' [tos]) is an official language of [[Dróstsiśtsi]].

Accruenewblue: removing broken nahan text

2025-12-11T06:05:35Z

removing broken nahan text

Show changes

Annwan at 12:26, 10 December 2025

2025-12-10T12:26:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:26, 10 December 2025
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	\|lang-code=TOS		\|lang-code=TOS
	}}		}}

			{{Notice\|This page makes dubious use of the Nahan script in a way that is no longer supported by the font}}

	'''Tosï''' (natively {{script\|script=nahan\|t=tásí}} ''Tásí'' [ˈtos], [[Kośtsiśtsi]]: ''kośtsi Tós'' ['kɔʃtsɯ tos], [[Taqồpaq]]: Tồr [tor˩]) is an official language of [[Dróstsiśtsi]].		'''Tosï''' (natively {{script\|script=nahan\|t=tásí}} ''Tásí'' [ˈtos], [[Kośtsiśtsi]]: ''kośtsi Tós'' ['kɔʃtsɯ tos], [[Taqồpaq]]: Tồr [tor˩]) is an official language of [[Dróstsiśtsi]].

Accruenewblue at 01:26, 21 September 2025

2025-09-21T01:26:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:26, 21 September 2025
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	\|name=Tosï		\|name=Tosï
	\|pronunciation=[ˈtɔsɪ], [tos]		\|pronunciation=[ˈtɔsɪ], [tos]
	\|family=~~Isolate~~		\|family=[[Turisan languages\|Turisan]]
	\|scripts=[[Nahan script\|Nahan]], Latin (when Nahan isn't available)		\|scripts=[[Nahan script\|Nahan]], Latin (when Nahan isn't available)
	\|country=[[Dróstsiśtsi]],		\|country=[[Dróstsiśtsi]],
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	}}		}}

	'''Tosï''' (natively {{script\|script=nahan\|t=tásí}} ''Tásí'' [ˈtos], [[Kośtsiśtsi]]: ''kośtsi Tós'' ['kɔʃtsɯ tos], [[Taqồpaq]]: Tồr [tor˩]) was an official language of the [[CMCic Federation]] written in the [[Nahan script]]. After Ruxese, the core of the federation, fell under ~~[[Dróstsiśtsi]]~~ control, it was nominated as an official language by the new government of Ǵuśese/Ruxese Province. Since all official languages of the provinces are automatically considered official national languages, this meant it is also considered an official language in Dróstsiśtsi.		'''Tosï''' (natively {{script\|script=nahan\|t=tásí}} ''Tásí'' [ˈtos], [[Kośtsiśtsi]]: ''kośtsi Tós'' ['kɔʃtsɯ tos], [[Taqồpaq]]: Tồr [tor˩]) is an official language of [[Dróstsiśtsi]].

			== History ==
			A form of Tosï, today known as Old Tosï, was originally an official language of the [[CMCic Federation]], written primarily in the [[Nahan script]]. After Ruxese, the core of the federation, fell under control, it was nominated as an official language by the new government of Ǵuśese/Ruxese Province. Since all official languages of the provinces are automatically considered official national languages, this meant it is also considered an official language in Dróstsiśtsi.

			Little attestation of Old Tosï remains; however, some of the grammar is documented, and these parts show a similarity to modern Tosï. Some scholars have proposed that Old Tosï is a language isolate, but it is generally agreed that it was a form of modern Tosï, which is generally agreed to be a member of the southern branch of the [[Turisan languages]].

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
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	\| a ⟨a,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=a}}⟩ \|\| \|\|		\| a ⟨a,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=a}}⟩ \|\| \|\|
	\|}		\|}

	~~<references/>~~

	===Phonotactics and Stress===		===Phonotactics and Stress===
	Tosï's syllable structure is exclusively CV phonemically, but can have consonant clusters phonetically due to unstressed central vowels eliding away. This breaks the phonemically penultimate stress pattern, making something like {{script\|script=nahan\|t=T́órásícií}} ''T́órásícií'' "Dróstsiśtsi" be pronounced as /dɵɣoˈsɨt͡ʃɨ/ phonemically, but as [dɣoˈsɨt͡ʃ] phonetically, making the final syllable stressed instead of the penultimate one. This shows a seemingly unusual shift of [r] being loaned as [ɣ], believed to have historically came from [r] being loaned as a uvular trill or fricative. Although the loaning of "Dróstsiśtsi" only came about after such a sound was turned into a velar [ɣ], the sound is still orthographically represented as <r>. Due to this reduction, the language allows syllabic fricatives phonetically; for example [dx'fona] "Heufauna" (GEN) has a syllabic [x] in its first syllable after the elision of two unstressed /ɨ/.		Tosï's syllable structure is exclusively CV phonemically, but can have consonant clusters phonetically due to unstressed central vowels eliding away. This breaks the phonemically penultimate stress pattern, making something like {{script\|script=nahan\|t=T́órásícií}} ''T́órásícií'' "Dróstsiśtsi" be pronounced as /dɵɣoˈsɨt͡ʃɨ/ phonemically, but as [dɣoˈsɨt͡ʃ] phonetically, making the final syllable stressed instead of the penultimate one. This shows a seemingly unusual shift of [r] being loaned as [ɣ], believed to have historically came from [r] being loaned as a uvular trill or fricative. Although the loaning of "Dróstsiśtsi" only came about after such a sound was turned into a velar [ɣ], the sound is still orthographically represented as <r>. Due to this reduction, the language allows syllabic fricatives phonetically; for example [dx'fona] "Heufauna" (GEN) has a syllabic [x] in its first syllable after the elision of two unstressed /ɨ/.

	In ~~colloquial speech~~, clusters with multiple obstruents differing in voicing have them all assimilate to the voicing of the first consonant. For example, ''dïtosï'' [d'tos] "language" often becomes [dos], and ''dïhïfona'' [dxfona] "Heufauna" becomes [dɣvona], or [dɨvona] with the syllabic [ɣ] lowering. Due to the genitive prefix tending to reduce its lone vowel and having an initial voiced stop, many words with initial voiceless obstruents become voiced in the genitive. Words with initial alveolar or palatal stops followed by fricatives in these classes tend to affricate; ''dïsekoŋi'' [dze'koŋi] "janitor", ''dïxirö'' [dʒir] "federation". Occasionally speakers will affricate with /l/ as well- ''dïleqo'' [dɮetʃo] "candy", but more commonly [dletʃo]. This is most common in speakers who have significant exposure to [[Kośtsiśtsi]], where [dl] is not allowed but [dɮ] is common.		In modern Tosï, clusters with multiple obstruents differing in voicing have them all assimilate to the voicing of the first consonant. For example, ''dïtosï'' [d'tos] "language" often becomes [dos], and ''dïhïfona'' [dxfona] "Heufauna" becomes [dɣvona], or [dɨvona] with the syllabic [ɣ] lowering. Due to the genitive prefix tending to reduce its lone vowel and having an initial voiced stop, many words with initial voiceless obstruents become voiced in the genitive. Words with initial alveolar or palatal stops followed by fricatives in these classes tend to affricate; ''dïsekoŋi'' [dze'koŋi] "janitor", ''dïxirö'' [dʒir] "federation". Occasionally speakers will affricate with /l/ as well- ''dïleqo'' [dɮetʃo] "candy", but more commonly [dletʃo]. This is most common in speakers who have significant exposure to [[Kośtsiśtsi]], where [dl] is not allowed but [dɮ] is common. Hence, it is becoming more common among speakers due to increasing integration in Dróstsiśtsi, where Kośtsiśtsi is the primary national language.

	==Grammar==		==Grammar==
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	===Verbs===		===Verbs===
	Tosï verbs mark for the past and future tenses ({{script\|script=nahan\|t=ćié}}- /d͡ʒi/ and {{script\|script=nahan\|t=ća}}- /ga/ respectively) and the imperative mood ({{script\|script=nahan\|t=ćí}}- /gɨ/)		Tosï verbs mark for the past and future tenses ({{script\|script=nahan\|t=ćié}}- /d͡ʒi/ and {{script\|script=nahan\|t=ća}}- /ga/ respectively) and the imperative mood ({{script\|script=nahan\|t=ćí}}- /gɨ/).

	===Other===		===Other===
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	=== Word Order ===		=== Word Order ===
	Tosï syntax is overall fairly analytic, with postpositions instead of locatives. Similar to ~~[[Taqồpaq]]~~ and ~~[[Kośtsiśtsi]]~~, adjectives and genitives follow what they modify~~. Similar to Taqồpaq~~, word order is overall SVO.		Tosï syntax is overall fairly analytic, with postpositions instead of locatives. Similar to Turis and other Turisan languages, adjectives and genitives follow what they modify, and the word order is overall SVO.

	==Latijöseŋi==		==Latijöseŋi==
	{{main\|Latijöseŋi}}		{{main\|Latijöseŋi}}

	~~In situations where the Nahan script is unavailable or where it is, but without the Strappo, people use what is called~~ [[Latijöseŋi]] (Tosï: {{script\|script=nahan\|t=latézióseńé}} ''Latézióseńé'' {{ipa\|[latiʒˈseŋi]}}, lit. "Latin-becoming") to write in Tosï.<ref>Transliterations into scripts other than Latin are permitted, but most people use Latijöseŋi in everyday writing. For more information on one such other transliteration, see [[Kyrizhǎsengi]].</ref>		[[Latijöseŋi]] (Tosï: {{script\|script=nahan\|t=latézióseńé}} ''Latézióseńé'' {{ipa\|[latiʒˈseŋi]}}, lit. "Latin-becoming") is a system to write in Tosï.<ref>Transliterations into scripts other than Latin are permitted, but most people use Latijöseŋi in everyday writing. For more information on one such other transliteration, see [[Kyrizhǎsengi]].</ref> It was originally used in situations where the Nahan script is unavailable or where it is, but without the Strappo, but modern Tosï prefers Latijöseŋi or Dróstsiźda Characters in almost all uses.

	<references/>		<references/>

	[[Category:Language]]		[[Category:Language]]

Accruenewblue at 23:14, 8 July 2025

2025-07-08T23:14:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:14, 8 July 2025
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	}}		}}

	'''Tosï''' (natively {{script\|script=nahan\|t=tásí}} ''Tásí'' [ˈtos], [[Kośtsiśtsi]]: ''kośtsi Tós'' ['kɔʃtsɯ tos]) was an official language of the [[CMCic Federation]] written in the [[Nahan script]]. After Ruxese, the core of the federation, fell under [[Dróstsiśtsi]] control, it was nominated as an official language by the new government of Ǵuśese/Ruxese Province. Since all official languages of the provinces are automatically considered official national languages, this meant it is also considered an official language in Dróstsiśtsi.		'''Tosï''' (natively {{script\|script=nahan\|t=tásí}} ''Tásí'' [ˈtos], [[Kośtsiśtsi]]: ''kośtsi Tós'' ['kɔʃtsɯ tos], [[Taqồpaq]]: Tồr [tor˩]) was an official language of the [[CMCic Federation]] written in the [[Nahan script]]. After Ruxese, the core of the federation, fell under [[Dróstsiśtsi]] control, it was nominated as an official language by the new government of Ǵuśese/Ruxese Province. Since all official languages of the provinces are automatically considered official national languages, this meant it is also considered an official language in Dróstsiśtsi.

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
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	===Phonotactics and Stress===		===Phonotactics and Stress===
	Tosï's syllable structure is exclusively CV phonemically, but can have consonant clusters phonetically due to unstressed central vowels eliding away. This breaks the phonemically penultimate stress pattern, making something like {{script\|script=nahan\|t=T́órásícií}} ''T́órásícií'' "Dróstsiśtsi" be pronounced as /dɵɣoˈsɨt͡ʃɨ/ phonemically, but as [dɣoˈsɨt͡ʃ] phonetically, making the final syllable stressed instead of the penultimate one. This shows a seemingly unusual shift of [r] being loaned as [ɣ], believed to have historically came from [r] being loaned as a uvular trill or fricative. Although the loaning of "Dróstsiśtsi" only came about after such a sound was turned into a velar [ɣ], the sound is still orthographically represented as <r>.		Tosï's syllable structure is exclusively CV phonemically, but can have consonant clusters phonetically due to unstressed central vowels eliding away. This breaks the phonemically penultimate stress pattern, making something like {{script\|script=nahan\|t=T́órásícií}} ''T́órásícií'' "Dróstsiśtsi" be pronounced as /dɵɣoˈsɨt͡ʃɨ/ phonemically, but as [dɣoˈsɨt͡ʃ] phonetically, making the final syllable stressed instead of the penultimate one. This shows a seemingly unusual shift of [r] being loaned as [ɣ], believed to have historically came from [r] being loaned as a uvular trill or fricative. Although the loaning of "Dróstsiśtsi" only came about after such a sound was turned into a velar [ɣ], the sound is still orthographically represented as <r>. Due to this reduction, the language allows syllabic fricatives phonetically; for example [dx'fona] "Heufauna" (GEN) has a syllabic [x] in its first syllable after the elision of two unstressed /ɨ/.

			In colloquial speech, clusters with multiple obstruents differing in voicing have them all assimilate to the voicing of the first consonant. For example, ''dïtosï'' [d'tos] "language" often becomes [dos], and ''dïhïfona'' [dxfona] "Heufauna" becomes [dɣvona], or [dɨvona] with the syllabic [ɣ] lowering. Due to the genitive prefix tending to reduce its lone vowel and having an initial voiced stop, many words with initial voiceless obstruents become voiced in the genitive. Words with initial alveolar or palatal stops followed by fricatives in these classes tend to affricate; ''dïsekoŋi'' [dze'koŋi] "janitor", ''dïxirö'' [dʒir] "federation". Occasionally speakers will affricate with /l/ as well- ''dïleqo'' [dɮetʃo] "candy", but more commonly [dletʃo]. This is most common in speakers who have significant exposure to [[Kośtsiśtsi]], where [dl] is not allowed but [dɮ] is common.

	==Grammar==		==Grammar==
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	===Other===		===Other===
	Tosï has a negation affix -{{script\|script=nahan\|t=sá}} /so/. It is normally suffixal but can also occur as a prefix or separate word (eg. "no entry" being "so idaŋi").		Tosï has a negation affix -{{script\|script=nahan\|t=sá}} /so/. It is normally suffixal but can also occur as a prefix or separate word (eg. "no entry" being "so idaŋi").

			The suffix -ŋi is a common derivational suffix, forming the nominal forms of verbs; ''zïhïŋi'' "exit (noun)" but ''zïhï'' "exit (verb)". On nouns, it marks abstraction; ''taqu'' "god of order", ''taquŋi'' "order, democracy".

	=== Word Order ===		=== Word Order ===
	~~Word order in~~ Tosï is ~~much different than that in~~ Kośtsiśtsi, ~~which is exclusively suffixal; Tosï affixes are normally prefixal,~~ and ~~the language is much less agglutinative than Kośtsiśtsi. Adjectives normally come before~~ what they modify, ~~and the~~ word order ~~in a sentence~~ is ~~normally~~ SVO~~. Full prepositions are used in place of locative cases~~.		Tosï syntax is overall fairly analytic, with postpositions instead of locatives. Similar to [[Taqồpaq]] and [[Kośtsiśtsi]], adjectives and genitives follow what they modify. Similar to Taqồpaq, word order is overall SVO.

	==Latijöseŋi==		==Latijöseŋi==

Accruenewblue: /* Consonants */ added latin transliterations to the sounds in addition tot he existing nahan

2025-07-06T21:16:24Z

Consonants: added latin transliterations to the sounds in addition tot he existing nahan

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:16, 6 July 2025
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	}}		}}

	'''Tosï''' (natively {{script\|script=nahan\|t=tásí}} ''Tásí'' [ˈtos], [[Kośtsiśtsi]]: ''kośtsi Tós'' ['kɔʃtsɯ tos]) was an official language of the [[CMCic Federation]] written in the [[Nahan script]]. After Ruxese, the core of the federation, fell under [[Dróstsiśtsi]] control, it was nominated as an official language by the new government of Ǵuśese ~~(a Kośtsiśtsi-ized version of~~ Ruxese) Province. Since all official languages of the provinces are automatically considered official national languages, this meant it is also considered an official language in Dróstsiśtsi.		'''Tosï''' (natively {{script\|script=nahan\|t=tásí}} ''Tásí'' [ˈtos], [[Kośtsiśtsi]]: ''kośtsi Tós'' ['kɔʃtsɯ tos]) was an official language of the [[CMCic Federation]] written in the [[Nahan script]]. After Ruxese, the core of the federation, fell under [[Dróstsiśtsi]] control, it was nominated as an official language by the new government of Ǵuśese/Ruxese Province. Since all official languages of the provinces are automatically considered official national languages, this meant it is also considered an official language in Dróstsiśtsi.

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
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	\|-		\|-
	! colspan="2" \| Nasal		! colspan="2" \| Nasal
	\| m ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=m}}⟩ \|\| n ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=n}}⟩ \|\| \|\| ŋ ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=ń}}⟩ \|\|		\| m ⟨m,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=m}}⟩ \|\| n ⟨n,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=n}}⟩ \|\| \|\| ŋ ⟨ŋ,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=ń}}⟩ \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan="2" \| Plosive		! rowspan="2" \| Plosive
	! Voiceless		! Voiceless
	\| p ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=p}}⟩ \|\| t ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=t}}⟩ \|\| ʧ ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=ci}}⟩ \|\| k ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=c}}⟩ \|\| ʔ ⟨∅⟩<ref>Due to Tosï syllabes having to start with a consonant, the previously orthographic {{script\|script=nahan\|t=h́}} is now obsolete and this phoneme is hence unrepresented orthographically</ref>		\| p ⟨p,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=p}}⟩ \|\| t ⟨t,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=t}}⟩ \|\| ʧ ⟨q,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=ci}}⟩ \|\| k ⟨k,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=c}}⟩ \|\| ʔ ⟨∅⟩<ref>Due to Tosï syllabes having to start with a consonant, the previously orthographic {{script\|script=nahan\|t=h́}} is now obsolete and this phoneme is hence unrepresented orthographically</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	! Voiced		! Voiced
	\| b ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=ṕ}}⟩ \|\| d ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=t́}}⟩ \|\| ʤ ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=ći}}⟩ \|\| g ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=ć}}⟩ \|\|		\| b ⟨b,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=ṕ}}⟩ \|\| d ⟨d,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=t́}}⟩ \|\| ʤ ⟨c,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=ći}}⟩ \|\| g ⟨g,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=ć}}⟩ \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan="2" \| Fricative		! rowspan="2" \| Fricative
	! Voiceless		! Voiceless
	\| f ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=f}}⟩ \|\| s ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=s}}⟩ \|\| ʃ ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=si}}⟩ \|\| x ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=h}}⟩ \|\|		\| f ⟨f,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=f}}⟩ \|\| s ⟨s,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=s}}⟩ \|\| ʃ ⟨x,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=si}}⟩ \|\| x ⟨h,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=h}}⟩ \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	! Voiced		! Voiced
	\| v ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=v}}⟩ \|\| z ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=z}}⟩ \|\| ʒ ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=zi}}⟩ \|\| ɣ ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=r}}⟩ \|\|		\| v ⟨v,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=v}}⟩ \|\| z ⟨z,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=z}}⟩ \|\| ʒ ⟨j,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=zi}}⟩ \|\| ɣ ⟨r,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=r}}⟩ \|\|
	\|-		\|-
	! colspan="2" \| Liquid		! colspan="2" \| Liquid
	\| w ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=u}}⟩ \|\| l ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=l}}⟩ \|\| j ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=i}}⟩ \|\| \|\|		\| w ⟨w,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=u}}⟩ \|\| l ⟨l,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=l}}⟩ \|\| j ⟨y,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=i}}⟩ \|\| \|\|
	\|}		\|}

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	\|-		\|-
	! High		! High
	\| i ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=é}}⟩ \|\| ɨ<ref name="elide">These vowels are elided away in unstressed positions</ref> ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=í}}⟩ \|\| u ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=o}}⟩		\| i ⟨i,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=é}}⟩ \|\| ɨ<ref name="elide">These vowels are elided away in unstressed positions</ref> ⟨ï,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=í}}⟩ \|\| u ⟨u,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=o}}⟩
	\|-		\|-
	! Mid		! Mid
	\| e ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=e}}⟩ \|\| ɵ<ref name="elide">These vowels are elided away in unstressed positions</ref> ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=ó}}⟩ \|\| o ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=á}}⟩		\| e ⟨e,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=e}}⟩ \|\| ɵ<ref name="elide">These vowels are elided away in unstressed positions</ref> ⟨ö,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=ó}}⟩ \|\| o ⟨o,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=á}}⟩
	\|-		\|-
	! Low		! Low
	\| a ⟨{{script\|script=nahan\|t=a}}⟩ \|\| \|\|		\| a ⟨a,{{script\|script=nahan\|t=a}}⟩ \|\| \|\|
	\|}		\|}

Accruenewblue at 05:54, 31 May 2025

2025-05-31T05:54:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:54, 31 May 2025
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	===Phonotactics and Stress===		===Phonotactics and Stress===
	Tosï's syllable structure is exclusively CV phonemically, but can have consonant clusters phonetically due to unstressed central vowels eliding away. This breaks the phonemically penultimate stress pattern, making something like {{script\|script=nahan\|t=T́órásícií}} ''T́órásícií'' "Dróstsiśtsi" be pronounced as /dɵɣoˈsɨt͡ʃɨ/ phonemically, but as [dɣoˈsɨt͡ʃ] phonetically, making the final syllable stressed instead of the penultimate one.		Tosï's syllable structure is exclusively CV phonemically, but can have consonant clusters phonetically due to unstressed central vowels eliding away. This breaks the phonemically penultimate stress pattern, making something like {{script\|script=nahan\|t=T́órásícií}} ''T́órásícií'' "Dróstsiśtsi" be pronounced as /dɵɣoˈsɨt͡ʃɨ/ phonemically, but as [dɣoˈsɨt͡ʃ] phonetically, making the final syllable stressed instead of the penultimate one. This shows a seemingly unusual shift of [r] being loaned as [ɣ], believed to have historically came from [r] being loaned as a uvular trill or fricative. Although the loaning of "Dróstsiśtsi" only came about after such a sound was turned into a velar [ɣ], the sound is still orthographically represented as <r>.

	==Grammar==		==Grammar==
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	* Dative (Marked with {{script\|script=nahan\|t=cio}}- {{ipa\|/t͡ʃu/}}		* Dative (Marked with {{script\|script=nahan\|t=cio}}- {{ipa\|/t͡ʃu/}}

	Along with those, Tosï also marks the plural on nouns with {{script\|script=nahan\|t=fe}}- /fe/.		The nominative case is unmarked. Along with those, Tosï also marks the plural on nouns with {{script\|script=nahan\|t=fe}}- /fe/.

			As can be seen in the pronouns, the language has two genders, commonly named male and female.

	===Pronouns===		===Pronouns===
	[[File:Tosï Pronouns.png\|thumb\|Every pronoun in Tosï]]		[[File:Tosï Pronouns.png\|thumb\|Every pronoun in Tosï]]
	The ~~above~~ image ~~shows~~ the pronouns in Tosï. The ~~below table~~ also ~~shows them~~.		The image to the right, and table below, show the pronouns in Tosï. The accusitive case is also used in the dative and genitive cases.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	! !! {{smallcaps\|nom}} !! {{smallcaps\|acc}}		! !! {{smallcaps\|nom}} !! {{smallcaps\|acc}}
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	===Verbs===		===Verbs===
	Tosï verbs mark for the past and future tenses ({{script\|script=nahan\|t=ćié}}- /d͡ʒi/ and {{script\|script=nahan\|t=ća}} /ga/ respectively) and the imperative mood ({{script\|script=nahan\|t=ćí}}- /gɨ/)		Tosï verbs mark for the past and future tenses ({{script\|script=nahan\|t=ćié}}- /d͡ʒi/ and {{script\|script=nahan\|t=ća}}- /ga/ respectively) and the imperative mood ({{script\|script=nahan\|t=ćí}}- /gɨ/)

	===Other===		===Other===
	Tosï has a negation ~~suffix~~ -{{script\|script=nahan\|t=sá}} /so/.		Tosï has a negation affix -{{script\|script=nahan\|t=sá}} /so/. It is normally suffixal but can also occur as a prefix or separate word (eg. "no entry" being "so idaŋi").

			=== Word Order ===
			Word order in Tosï is much different than that in Kośtsiśtsi, which is exclusively suffixal; Tosï affixes are normally prefixal, and the language is much less agglutinative than Kośtsiśtsi. Adjectives normally come before what they modify, and the word order in a sentence is normally SVO. Full prepositions are used in place of locative cases.

	==Latijöseŋi==		==Latijöseŋi==
	{{main\|Latijöseŋi}}		{{main\|Latijöseŋi}}

	In situations where the Nahan script is unavailable or where it is, but without the Strappo, people use what is called [[Latijöseŋi]] (Tosï: {{script\|script=nahan\|t=latézióseńé}} Latézióseńé {{ipa\|[latiʒˈseŋi]}}, lit. "Latin-becoming") to write in Tosï.<ref>Transliterations into scripts other than Latin are permitted, but most people use Latijöseŋi in everyday writing. For more information on one such other transliteration, see [[Kyrizhǎsengi]].</ref>		In situations where the Nahan script is unavailable or where it is, but without the Strappo, people use what is called [[Latijöseŋi]] (Tosï: {{script\|script=nahan\|t=latézióseńé}} ''Latézióseńé'' {{ipa\|[latiʒˈseŋi]}}, lit. "Latin-becoming") to write in Tosï.<ref>Transliterations into scripts other than Latin are permitted, but most people use Latijöseŋi in everyday writing. For more information on one such other transliteration, see [[Kyrizhǎsengi]].</ref>

	<references/>		<references/>

	[[Category:Language]]		[[Category:Language]]

CMCollective: /* Phonotactics and Stress */

2025-05-29T10:53:33Z

Phonotactics and Stress

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	===Phonotactics and Stress===		===Phonotactics and Stress===
	Tosï's syllable structure is exclusively CV phonemically, but can have consonant clusters phonetically due to unstressed central vowels eliding away. This breaks the phonemically penultimate stress pattern, making something like {{script\|script=nahan\|t=T́órásícií}} "Dróstsiśtsi" be pronounced as /dɵɣoˈsɨt͡ʃɨ/ phonemically, but as [dɣoˈsɨt͡ʃ] phonetically, making the final syllable stressed instead of the penultimate one.		Tosï's syllable structure is exclusively CV phonemically, but can have consonant clusters phonetically due to unstressed central vowels eliding away. This breaks the phonemically penultimate stress pattern, making something like {{script\|script=nahan\|t=T́órásícií}} ''T́órásícií'' "Dróstsiśtsi" be pronounced as /dɵɣoˈsɨt͡ʃɨ/ phonemically, but as [dɣoˈsɨt͡ʃ] phonetically, making the final syllable stressed instead of the penultimate one.

	==Grammar==		==Grammar==

CMCollective: /* Phonology */

2025-05-29T10:53:00Z

Phonology

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:53, 29 May 2025
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	<references/>		<references/>

			===Phonotactics and Stress===
			Tosï's syllable structure is exclusively CV phonemically, but can have consonant clusters phonetically due to unstressed central vowels eliding away. This breaks the phonemically penultimate stress pattern, making something like {{script\|script=nahan\|t=T́órásícií}} "Dróstsiśtsi" be pronounced as /dɵɣoˈsɨt͡ʃɨ/ phonemically, but as [dɣoˈsɨt͡ʃ] phonetically, making the final syllable stressed instead of the penultimate one.

	==Grammar==		==Grammar==

CMCollective at 09:55, 29 May 2025

2025-05-29T09:55:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:55, 29 May 2025
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	}}		}}

	'''Tosï''' (natively {{script\|script=nahan\|t=tásí}} ''Tásí'' [ˈtos], Kośtsiśtsi: ''kośtsi Tós'' ['kɔʃtsɯ tos]) was an official language of the [[CMCic Federation]] written in the [[Nahan script]]. After Ruxese, the core of the federation, fell under [[Dróstsiśtsi]] control, it was nominated as an official language by the new government of Ǵuśese (a Kośtsiśtsi-ized version of Ruxese) Province. Since all official languages of the provinces are automatically considered official national languages, this meant it is also considered an official language in Dróstsiśtsi.		'''Tosï''' (natively {{script\|script=nahan\|t=tásí}} ''Tásí'' [ˈtos], [[Kośtsiśtsi]]: ''kośtsi Tós'' ['kɔʃtsɯ tos]) was an official language of the [[CMCic Federation]] written in the [[Nahan script]]. After Ruxese, the core of the federation, fell under [[Dróstsiśtsi]] control, it was nominated as an official language by the new government of Ǵuśese (a Kośtsiśtsi-ized version of Ruxese) Province. Since all official languages of the provinces are automatically considered official national languages, this meant it is also considered an official language in Dróstsiśtsi.

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==