Spanish

Spanish
Language family	Pisco-Imerchali Languages
Early form(s)	Portuguese[disputed]
Writing system	Latin script
Official status
Spoken in	Rauratoshan, The Complex, Dróstsiśtsi
Speaker
Demonym	Spanish
Technical information
Usage	national language
Language code	spa

Spanish is a Pisco-Imerchali language spoken in Rauratoshan, Dróstsiśtsi, and the Complex. It is a highly divergent descendant of Portuguese^[disputed].

Phonology

Spanish does not have a consistent way of marking either of the post-alveolar fricatives [ʃ ʒ]. This is notable because of the preponderance of such sounds across the ŋorld, particularly in Amujic ŋations, and causes Spanish placenames to look and sound significantly different to those of its more popular brethren, Portuguese and French. These sounds can be implied consistently in some dialects of Spanish by ⟨x⟩ and ⟨y⟩ respectively, but the dialects where ⟨x⟩ /ʃ/ and ⟨y⟩ /ʒ/ occur are not the same dialects, so there is no consistent scheme for Spanish as a whole, leading to different Spanish speakers pronouncing the same word, such as Rauratoxan, quite differently.

Dróstsiźda dialect

The speech of speakers in Dróstsiśtsi has a slightly different dialect from others phonologically, characterized by the lack of coda consonants. Coda -s not only reduces to [h], a feature also found in other dialects, but it also elides and causes the previous vowel to become lax.

Coda -n becomes nasalization on preceding vowels.

piensan ['pjẽsã] instead of [pjensan]

Notably, words ending in -n had their plural reduced to [ns] instead of [nes], causing both laxing and nasalization on preceding vowels after the previous elisions.

montones [mõ'tɔ̃] instead of [mon'tones]

Certain dipthongs and codas merge to form front rounded vowels. /a/ also rounds to /ɔ/.

fui [fy] instead of [fwi]

aceptar [asøtar] instead of [aseβtar] or [aseptar]

estaba [es'tɔ] instead of [estaβa]

radio [radø] instead of [radjo]

duermo [dørmo] instead of [dwermo]

Also quite notable is that the indefinite articles irregularly simplify to monosyllables.

un [ũ]

una [wã] instead of [una]

unos [wɔ̃] instead of [unos]

unas [wæ̃] instead of [unas]

Other codas like liquids and /ð/, /ɣ/ simply reduce without affecting anything.

Dróstsiźda Spanish vowels

vowels	front	front round	back
high	i (confeti [kõfeti])	y (fui [fy])	u (salud [salu])
close mid	ɪ (confetis [kõfetɪ])	ʏ (fuiste [fʏte])	ʊ (saluds [salʊ])
mid	e (noche [notʃe])	ø (radio [radø]	o (carro [kæro])
low mid	ε (noches [notʃε])	œ (radios [radœ])	ɔ (carros [kærɔ])
low	æ (caras [karæ]		a (cara [kara])

Grammar

Spanish has "too many"^{[citation needed]} conjugations for verbs, based on two moods and six tenses (or aspects that function like tenses). Most of these conjugations can also be expressed using a "composed verb" formation, such as the future simple form hablaré and the future composed form voy a hablar, or the preterite form hablé and the present perfect form he hablado. This means that there are generally 12 ways to form a Spanish verb irrespective of mood or the subject's gender and person - both of which Spanish verbs also conjugate for.

However, beyond this, Spanish grammar is mostly simple. Word order is usually strictly SVO, though like English, VSO is allowed for questions where the subject is a pronoun:

Has hablado tú al presidente?

"Have you talked to the president?"

Nouns that aren't pronouns do not decline for case, and while pronouns can decline for nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, and possessive, not all pronouns do this either. For example, while tú has the paradigm tú, tí, te, tu, tuyo, usted always is usted, and thus cannot drop the various prepositions that can be dropped for tú:

Era tu casa, pero te he pagado, y es mi casa ahora.

"It was your house, but I've paid you, and now it's mine." (informal)

Era la casa de usted, pero he pagado a usted, y es mi casa ahora.

"It was your house, but I've paid you, and now it's mine." (formal)