Trace Deeplects: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 03:03, 10 November 2025

Trace Deeplects are incomplete portions of languages that have been detected in experiments attempting to verify the Deep Dimensional theory. While the strongest evidence for Deep Dimensional is the languages that have inexplicably appeared, MARA experiments have found trace amounts of languages in their investigations, giving it more credibility. However, measurement error is not ruled out. This article will contain all the information on every Trace Deeplect. Trace Deeplects are listed in order of their negative discovery.

Deeplect -A

Deeplect -A is intended to create a manner of communication that involves very little complexity, whether that be phonological, grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic, and therefore easy and intuitive to learn from any linguistic background. Words do not take on parts of speech (noun, verb, etc.) or grammatical roles (subject, object, etc.) typical of natural languages. The syntactic structure is based purely on the relationships of emphasized words, unemphasized words, and pauses.

Vocabulary

small: ki
- can be used to describe small size, quantity, height, social position, etc.
big: on
- can be used to describe large size, quantity, height, social position, etc.
move: ne
- can be used to describe living things, fluids, motion, etc.
stay: at
- can be used to describe unmoving things, solids, the ground, some locations, etc.
subject: e (subject of discussion, not gramamtical subject)
not: su

Syntax

u = unemphasized word; E = emphasized word

uE: u performs as a topic, E performs as a comment modifying the topic.
Eu: E performs as a novel topic, u performs as a comment modifying the novel topic.
u₁u₁: marks plurality
E₁E₁: marks emphasis
u₁u₂/E₁E₂: marks addition or comparison depending on context
Lack of pauses indicate a continuous idea.
Brief pauses (marked with commas) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the previous one.
Medial pauses (marked with periods ) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the multiple previous ideas. Which previous ideas they are is left up to context.
Long pauses (marked with elipses) indicate the beginning of an idea unrelates to the previous ones.

Expressions

Ownership is expressed with "e ON e KI", translating to "This is big and/but that is small." This can also be used to compare sizes or quantities of "this" and "that", depending on context.
- "e ON KI" translates to "This is big and small."
- "e on e ki" translates to "This, a big thing, that, and a small thing."
- "e ON E KI" translates to "This is big, the other thing, and small."
- "e ON, e KI" translates to "This is big, meanwhile that is small." This is more often used for comparison of the sizes between "this" and "that".
- "e ON. e KI" translates to "...and this is big. Additionally, that is small."
- "E on, e KI" translates to "As for this, this is big, and/but that is small."
- "E on e KI" translates to "As for this, this is big and the other thing. There is also a small thing."

Deeplect -9

Consonant

Consonants		Bilabial		Dental		Alveolar			Palatal				Velar						Laryngeal
Consonants		Bilabial		Dental		Plain		Palatal	Plain		Labial		Plain		Palatal		Labial		Laryngeal
Nasal		m̥	m		ᵑʇ	n̥	n			ɲ			ŋ̊	ŋ
Nasal		mh/ṁ	m		nz	nh/ṅ	n			ny/ņ			ňh	ň
Plosive	Aspirated	pʰ	bʰ	ᵏʇʰ		tʰ	dʰ			ɟʰ		ɟʰʷ	kʰ		kʰʲ		kʰᶣ
	Aspirated	ph	bh	zh		th	dh			jh		ǰh	kh		ķh		ǩh
	Plain	p	b			t	d	tɕ	c	ɟ	cʷ	ɟʷ	k		kʲ		kᶣ
	Plain	p	b			t	d	ch	c	j	č	ǰ	k		ķ		ǩ
	Rhinoglottic	pʼ	ᵐb	ᵏʇˀ		tʼ	ⁿd	tɕʼ		ᶮɟ		ᶮɟʷ	kʼ	ᵑg	kʲʼ	ᵑgʲ	kᶣʼ	ᵑgᶣ	ʔ
	Rhinoglottic	pp	nb	zz		tt	nd	cc		jj		nǰ	kk	ng	ḱḱ	nǵ	ǩǩ	nǧ	'
Fricative		ɸ	β	θ~s̪	ð~z̪	s		ʃ	ç	ʝ	çʷ	ʝʷ		ʁ		ʁʲ		ʁᶣ	h
Fricative		f	v	ç	z	s		x	ś	ź	š	ž		g		ǵ		ǧ	h
Approximant						l̥	l			j		ɥ								ʕ̞
Approximant						lh	l			y		w								q
Tap						ɾ̥	ɾ		ɾ̥ʲ	ɾʲ	ɾ̥ᶣ	ɾᶣ
Tap						rh	r		ŕh	ŕ	řh	ř
Trill						r̥	r
Trill						ŗh	ŗ

Vowels

Vowels	Front			Central		Back
	Oral	Nasal		Oral	Nasal	Oral	Nasal
	Oral	Unround	Round	Oral	Nasal	Oral	Nasal
High	i	ĩ	ỹ	ɨ	ɨ̃		ʊ̃
High	i	ĩ	ü	u	ũ		õ
Mid	e	ẽ	ø̃	ɘ		o
Mid	e	ẽ	ö	ë		o
Low	ɛ~æ					ɔ~ɑ
Low	ä					a

Grammar

Nouns usually have either feminine or masculine gender. Nouns and proper nouns referring to people can have feminine, masculine, or femasculine. Proper nouns not referring to people are always femasculine. There is some precedent for nouns or proper nouns with the opposite gender that they're supposed to have being used for alternative versions of the original word. This is primarily used in fiction and physics.

Deeplect -9 has a complex way of marking gender, topic, number, transitivity, specificity, and adjectives that makes them interconnected.

Masc //-bʰi//, //-te//
Fem //-ⁿd//, //-l//
Femasc //-bʰiⁿd//, //-tel//

Noun Declensions (lhaadh)			Topic within noun phrase				Topic not within noun phrase
			Subject		Object		Subject	Object
			Noun Topic	Adjective Topic	Noun Topic	Adjective Topic	Subject	Object
Generic			lhaadh V O		V lhaadh S		V O lhaadh	S V lhaadh
Singular	Non-specific	Masc	lhaadte V O	lhaadbhi V O	V lhaachte S	V lhaach S	V O lhaadhbhi	S V lhaach
		Fem	lhaadhal V O	lhaadhand V O	V lhaadhol S	V lhaadhon S	V O lhaadhand	S V lhaadhon
		Femasc	lhaadtel V O	lhaadhbhind V O	V lhaachontel S	V lhaachon S	V O lhaadhbhind	S V lhaachon
	Specific	Masc	lhaadte V O	lhaadbhi V O	V lhaadhbhite S	lhaadbhi V O	V O lhaadhbhi	S V lhaadhbhi
		Fem	lhaadhal V O	lhaadhand V O	V lhaadhandal S	lhaadhand V O	V O lhaadhand	S V lhaadhand
		Femasc	lhaadtel V O	lhaadhbhind V O	V lhaadhbhindel S	lhaadhbhind V O	V O lhaadhbhind	S V lhaadhbhind
Plural	Non-specific
	Non-specific
	Specific
	Specific
Distributive	Non-specific
	Non-specific
	Specific
	Specific

Verbs	Intransitive
Verbs	Transitive

Adjectives

In the following charts, small asterisked words are atypical declensions.

Nouns	Plain	Fem	Masc	Femasc	Fem Topic	Masc Topic	Femasc Topic	Fem Singular	Masc Singular	Femasc Singular
Nouns	//Ø//	//-ⁿd//	//-bʰi//	//-bʰiⁿd//	//-l//	//-te//	//-tel//	//-on//	//-js//	//-json//
friend	chẽ	chẽnd	chẽbhi	chẽbhind	chẽl	chẽte	chẽtel	chẽon	chẽys	chẽyson
watermelon	vilh	*vilnd	vilhbhi	*vilhbhind	*vill	vilhte	*vilhtel	*vilhon	vilhx	*vilhxon
sun	ńaṁ	*ńamnd	ńaṁbhi	*ńaṁbhind	*ńaml	ńaṁte	*ńaṁtel	*ńaṁon	ńaṁx	*ńaṁxon
moon	ḱḱuŗh	*ḱḱuŗnd	ḱḱuŗhbhi	*ḱḱuŗhbhind	ḱḱuŗl	ḱḱuŗhte	*ḱḱuŗhtel	*ḱḱuŗhon	ḱḱuŗhx	*ḱḱuŗhxon
day	ma	mand	*mabhi	*mabhind	mal	*mate	*matel	maon	*mays	*mayson
night	bhai	bhaind	*bhaibhi	*bhaibhind	bhail	*bhaite	*bhaitel	bhaion	*bhaiys	*bhaiyson
day sky	cĩĩ	cĩĩnd	*cĩĩbhi	*cĩĩbhind	cĩĩl	*cĩĩte	*cĩĩtel	cĩĩon	*cĩĩys	*cĩĩyson
night sky	'att	*'attand	'attibhi	*'attibhind	*'attal	'atte	*'attel	*'atton	'attis	*'attison
cloud	lhä	lhänd	*lhäbhi	*lhäbhind	lhäl	*lhäte	*lhätel	lhäon	*lhäys	*lhäyson
paper	nzũ'	nzũnd	*nzũ'bhi	*nzũ'bhind	nzũl	*nzũ'te	*nzũ'tel	nzũ'on	*nzũ'x	*nzũ'xon
computer	zhoto	*zhotond	zhotobhi	*zhotobhind	*zhotol	zhotote	*zhototel	*zhotoon	zhotoys	*zhotoyson
person	lhaadh	lhaadhand	lhaadhbhi	lhaadhbhind	lhaadhal	lhaadte	lhaadtel	lhaadhon	lhaadhx	lhaadhxon

Verbs	Intransitive	Fem Transitive	Masc Transitive	Femasc Transitive
Verbs	//Ø//	//-r̥//	//-ʊ̃//	//-ʊ̃r̥//
like	qad	qatŗh	qadõ	qadõŗh
want	chëk	chëkŗh	chëkõ	chëkõŗh
have	ṁẽ	ṁẽŗh	ṁẽõ	ṁẽõŗh
give	zzõ	zzõŗh	zzõõ	zzõõŗh
receive/take	ń'e	ń'eŗh	ń'eõ	ń'eõŗh
eat/drink	mäx	mäxŗh	mäxõ	mäxõŗh
breathe	ňhim	ňhimŗh	ňhimõ	ňhimõŗh
say	ää	ääŗh	ääõ	ääõŗh
sing
go to
leave

Adjectives	Fem	Masc	Femasc	Fem Topic	Masc Topic	Femasc Topic
Adjectives	//-β//	//-i//	//-ɥ//	//-l//	//-te//	//-tel//
happy	zzaav	zzaai	zzaaw	zaal	zzaate	zaatel
blue	ǵëv	ǵëi	ǵëw	ǵël	ǵëte	ǵëtel

Deeplect -8

C	Bilabial		Alveolar		Dorsal		Glottal		V	Non-Back	Back
Nasal	m̥	m	n̥	n		ɲ			Close	i̞	ɯ
Plosive	pʰ	bʰ	tʰ	dʰ	kʰ	ɡʰ	ʔ		Mid	ə	o
Fricative	ɸ	β	ʃ	ʒ	x	ɣ	h	ɦ	Open	a
Sonorant		w		ɾ		j

VS̥ʰ VS̬ʰ > V́S̥ V̀S̥ / _%

(C₁)V(C₂)

C₁: any consonant except /ʔ h ɦ/
V: any vowel
C₂: any consonant

Transliterations

Latin

IPA	m̥	m	n̥	n	ɲ	pʰ	bʰ	tʰ	dʰ	kʰ	ɡʰ	ʔ	ɸ	β	ʃ	ʒ	x	ɣ	h	ɦ	w	ɾ	j	i̞	ɯ	ə	o	a
Romanization	mh	m	nh	n	ny	p	b	t	d	k	g	c	f	v	s	j	x	q	h	’	w	r	y	i	u	e	o	a

Kana

	Ø	m̥	m	n̥	n	ɲ	pʰ	bʰ	tʰ	dʰ	kʰ	ɡʰ	ʔ	ɸ	β	ʃ	ʒ	x	ɣ	h	ɦ	w	ɾ	j
i̞	い	ミ	み	ニ	に	にぃ	ぴ	び	ち	ぢ	き	ぎ		ふぃ	ゔぃ	し	じ	キ	ギ			ゐ	り	いぃ
ɯ	う	ム	む	ヌ	ぬ	にゅ	ぷ	び	つ	づ	く	ぐ		ふ	ゔ	しゅ	じゅ	ク	グ			うぅ	る	ゆ
ə	え	メ	め	ネ	ね	にぇ	ぺ	べ	て	で	け	げ		ふぇ	ゔぇ	しぇ	じぇ	ケ	ゲ			ゑ	れ	いぇ
o	お	モ	も	ノ	の	にょ	ぽ	ぼ	と	ど	こ	ご		ふぉ	ゔぉ	しょ	じょ	コ	ゴ			を	ろ	よ
a	あ	マ	ま	ナ	な	にゃ	ぱ	ば	た	だ	か	が		ふぁ	ゔぁ	しゃ	じゃ	カ	ガ			わ	ら	や
Ø		ム゚	ム゙	ヌ゚	ヌ゙	ニ゙	プ	ブ	ト	ド	ク゚	ん	っ	フ	ヴ	シ	ジ	ホ	ン	ゝ	ゞ	ウ	ル	イ

Deeplect -7

Deeplect-7 divides words into 3 categories depending on how they can be perceived by the senses: proximal sensation, distal sensation, and general sensation. Deeplect -7-speakers recognize 6 senses in terms of these divisions: sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, and memory. The emotional sense refers to an individual being made to feel an emotion. The memorial sense refers to an individual forming a memory or recalling past memories.

Proximal sensation includes things whose perception is limited to a close range:
- any object by its texture
- whispering by sound
- blood by flavor
- paper by scent
- small insects by sight
- a dream by memory
Distal sensation includes things whose perception is not limited to a close range:
- weather by its temperature
- shouting by sound
- chocolate by expectation-induced flavor
- a fart by scent
- a building by sight
- a bear at a zoo by memory
General sensation always includes the conceptualization of an object, and senses that are more strongly associated with the concept of it than the sensation of it. Some objects have no associated sensations with them such as

Often, what translates to a single word in English is split into two or three words depending on how they are experienced in a sentence.

Vocabulary List
Deeplect -7		English
Word	IPA	Translation	Context
	[nâˀ]	paper	general: visual, conceptual
	[sâˀ]	paper	distal: auditory, memorial
	[θâˀ]	paper	proximal: tactile, olfactory, gustatory
	[nâˀ]
	[nâˀ]
	[nâˀ]
	[nâˀ]
	[nâˀ]
	[nâˀ]
	[nâˀ]
	[nâˀ]
	[nâˀ]
	[nâˀ]
	[nâˀ]
	[nâˀ]
	[nâˀ]
	[nâˀ]
	[nâˀ]
	[nâˀ]

Deeplect -6

Every word is 6 morae long.

Deeplect -5

Consonants

Deeplect -5 has a small consonant inventory with about half of its consonants being clicks. This small size is made up for in extreme allophony.

Consonant		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Glottal
Pulmonic	Stop	p		t		ʔ
	Fricative			s		hʲ
	Glide	w		l	j
Click	Nasal		ᵑǀ	ᵑǃ
	Aspirated		ᵏǀʰ	ᵏǃʰ
	Glottalized		ᵏǀˀ	ᵏǃˀ

Vowels

X language has two levels of stress: primary and secondary. Primary stress is marked with vowel length and can have a high, low, falling, or rising tone. Secondary stress is marked with either a high or low tone. Primary stress is word-initial, but secondary stress is lexical.

Vowels	Oral		Nasal
Vowels	Front	Back	Front	Back
Close	i	u	ĩ	ũ
Mid	e	o	ẽ
Open		a

Phonotactics

(C)(G)V(C); C = consonant; G = /t ʔ w j/; Q = click; V = vowel

pʔ tʔ > pʼ tʼ
p t c ʔ s > b d ɟ ʔ̞ z / _{i,e} !{#,C̥}_
d ǃ > ɟ ǂ / _i
w l j > m n ɲ / {Ṽ_,_Ṽ}
n t > ŋ k / _{u,ũ}
l > ɾ / _{u,o,a}
V > Ṽ / ᵑQ_
ᵑǀw ᵑǃj > ᵑʘ ᵑǂ
hʲ / Ø !_{i,ĩ,e,ẽ}
QC / Ø !QC=!w
CCC VVV ṼV VṼ CQ jʔ hʲʔ / Ø

Romanization

Consonant	Romanization								Vowel	Romanization
/p/	[p]	p	[b]	b					/i/	[i]	i	[ĩ]	i
/t/	[t]	t	[d]	d	[ɟ]	dj	[k]	k	/ĩ/	[ĩ]	in
/ʔ/	[ʔ]	'	[ʔ̞]	'					/u/	[u]	u	[ũ]	u
/s/	[s]	s	[z]	z					/ũ/	[ũ]	un
/hʲ/	[hʲ]	h							/e/	[e]	e	[ẽ]	e
/w/	[w]	w	[m]	m					/ẽ/	[ẽ]	en
/l/	[l]	l	[ɾ]	r	[n]	n	[ŋ]	ng	/o/	[o]	o	[õ]	o
/j/	[j]	y	[ɲ]	nj					/a/	[a]	a	[ã]	a
/ᵑǀ/	[ᵑǀ]	cn							Tone	Romanization
/ᵑǃ/	[ᵑǃ]	qn	[ᵑǂ]	qny					/H/	[H]	¯
/ᵏǀʰ/	[ᵏǀʰ]	ch							/L/	[L]
/ᵏǃʰ/	[ᵏǃʰ]	qh	[ᵏǂʰ]	qh					/HL/	[HL]	ˋ
/ᵏǀˀ/	[ᵏǀˀ]	c'							/LH	[LH]	´
/ᵏǃˀ/	[ᵏǃˀ]	q'	[ᵏǂˀ]	q'
/ᵑǀw/	[ᵑʘ]	cm
/ᵑǃj/	[ᵑǂ]	qny

Deeplect -4.5

This is a naturalistic dialect of Deeplect -4, used for situations where Deeplect -4 would be required to be naturalistic.

Consonants

All consonants can be lengthened except for /r̥ ɽ͡r ˀɽ/. All velars become palatal or palatalized after front vowels.

Consonants		Labial		Dental				Postalveolar				Velar				Glottal
		Labial		Plain		Glottalized		Plain		Glottalized		Plain		Glottalized		Glottal
		IPA	Rom	IPA	Rom	IPA	Rom	IPA	Rom	IPA	Rom	IPA	Rom	IPA	Rom	IPA	Rom
Nasal		ɱ	m	n	n	ˀn	’n	ɳ	nr	ˀɳ	’nr	ŋ	nj	ˀŋ	’nj
Plosive	Voiceless			t	t	tʼ	tʼ	ʈ	tr			k	k	kʼ	k’	ʔ	’
Plosive	Voiced			d	d	ɗ	d’	ɖ	dr			g	g	ɠ	g’
Affricate				t͡s	c	t͡sʼ	c’	t͡ʃ	x	t͡ʃʼ	x’	k͡x	cj	k͡xʼ	cj’
Fricative	Voiceless	f	f	s	s			ʃ	sr			x	sj			h	h
Fricative	Voiced	v	v	z	z			ʒ	zr			ɣ	zj
Approximant				ð	ð
Liquid	Voiceless			ɬ	hl			r̥	hr
Liquid	Voiced			l	l	ˀl	’l	ɽ͡r	rr	ˀɽ	’r	ʟ	lj	ˀʟ	’lj

Vowels and Tones

All vowels have one of four tones: high, low, falling, and rising. Falling and rising tones are closer to the middle range than high or low. High tone is accompanied by preaspiration. On a word-initial vowel, the preaspiration is breathy. The preaspiration is converted into voiceless aspiration on any preceding voiceless consonant, and breathy voice on any preceding voiced consonant. Low tone is accompanied by creaky voice on the vowel.

Vowels are separated into 2 classes based on their phonotactic behavior and evolutionary history. Class 1 vowels have no phonotactic restrictions other than that they cannot form diphthongs with each other. These vowels originated from the proto-language's 3-vowel system /e a o/.

Class 2 vowels must be preceded or followed by a consonant, or both, and cannot be adjacent to a Class 1 vowel. Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs with each other. These diphthongs use the same tone system as other vowels. Diphthongs with consonants involve sliding articulation. Class 2 diphthongs cannot be adjacent to each other and adhere to the same restrictions as Class 2 monophthongs. They are excluded from the charts because all Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs (or long vowels) with another and it is not specially notated in romanization.

There are three romanizations systems for Deeplect -4 which differ in vowel and tone notation. The Vohnegien^[1] notation prioritized representing historical pronunciation such as syllabic consonants and their descendants being written with an vowel-initial diagraph upon which tones would be marked with diacritics. Vohnegien notation is seen as more outdated by some, but still used by a few scattered Deeplect -4-speaking regions and by linguists.

Vohnegien Notation
Vowels		Non-labial						Labial
		Extra-Front		Front		Back		Front		Back
		IPA	Vohn.	IPA	Vohn.	IPA	Vohn.	IPA	Vohn.	IPA	Vohn.
Class 1	Monophthong			e	e	ɤ	y			o	o
Class 1	Diphthong			je	ie	ɰɤ	uy			wo	uo
Class 2	Nasal	n̩	an	ĩ	in			ɱ̍	am	ũ	un
	Close	l̩	al	i	iy			y	iu	ʉ	eu
	Open	r̩	ar	æ	ae	ɑ	ao			ɵ	au
Tones		-H		-L		⟨V⟩ here is used to represent a vowel, not the letter V.
Tones		IPA	Vohn.	IPA	Vohn.
H-		ʰV́	V̄	V̂	V̀
L-		V̌	V́	V̰̀	V

Gritchend^[1] approached notation from a modern pronunciation in which diacritics are used on consonants to show syllabicity and on vowels to show vowel quality. Gritchend elected to romanize tones with unused consonant letters. Gritchend notation is broadly considered the modern notation of the language and is used in most formal and informal contexts.

Gritchend Notation
Vowels		Non-labial						Labial
		Extra-Front		Front		Back		Front		Back
		IPA	Vohn.	IPA	Vohn.	IPA	Vohn.	IPA	Vohn.	IPA	Vohn.
Class 1	Monophthong			e	e	ɤ	y			o	o
Class 1	Diphthong			je	ie	ɰɤ	uy			wo	uo
Class 2	Nasal	n̩	ń	ĩ	ĩ			ɱ̍	ḿ	ũ	ũ
	Close	l̩	ĺ	i	i			y	u	ʉ	ü
	Open	r̩	ŕ	æ	ä	ɑ	a			ɵ	ö
Tones		-H		-L		⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.
Tones		IPA	Grit.	IPA	Grit.
H-		ʰV́	S	V̂	Sb
L-		V̌	Sp	V̰̀	Sq

In the interest of avoiding the use of diacritics altogether, Vondenberg^[1] combined the vowel notation of Vohnegien and tone notation of Gritchend. This more modern romanization is most often used in informal text messages and typing with decorative fonts, which often have poor diacritic support.

Vondenberg Notation
Vowels		Non-labial						Labial
		Extra-Front		Front		Back		Front		Back
		IPA	Vond.	IPA	Vond.	IPA	Vond.	IPA	Vond.	IPA	Vond.
Class 1	Monophthong			e	e	ɤ	y			o	o
Class 1	Diphthong			je	ie	ɰɤ	uy			wo	uo
Class 2	Nasal	n̩	an	ĩ	in			ɱ̍	am	ũ	un
	Close	l̩	al	i	iy			y	iu	ʉ	eu
	Open	r̩	ar	æ	ae	ɑ	ao			ɵ	au
Tones		-H		-L		⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.
Tones		IPA	Grit.	IPA	Grit.
H-		ʰV́	S	V̂	Sb
L-		V̌	Sp	V̰̀	Sq

Deeplect -4

Consonants

All consonants can be lengthened except for /r̥ ɽ͡r ˀɽ/.

Consonants		Labial		Dental				Postalveolar				Palatal				Glottal
		Labial		Plain		Glottalized		Plain		Glottalized		Plain		Glottalized		Glottal
		IPA	Rom	IPA	Rom	IPA	Rom	IPA	Rom	IPA	Rom	IPA	Rom	IPA	Rom	IPA	Rom
Nasal		ɱ	m	n	n	ˀn	’n	ɳ	nr	ˀɳ	’nr	ɲ	nj	ˀɲ	’nj
Plosive	Voiceless			t	t	tʼ	tʼ	ʈ	tr			c	k	cʼ	k’	ʔ	’
Plosive	Voiced			d	d	ɗ	d’	ɖ	dr			ɟ	g	ʄ	g’
Affricate				t͡s	c	t͡sʼ	c’	t͡ʃ	x	t͡ʃʼ	x’	c͡ç	cj	c͡çʼ	cj’
Fricative	Voiceless	f	f	s	s			ʃ	sr			ç	sj			h	h
Fricative	Voiced	v	v	z	z			ʒ	zr			ʝ	zj
Approximant				ð	ð
Liquid	Voiceless			ɬ	hl			r̥	hr
Liquid	Voiced			l	l	ˀl	’l	ɽ͡r	rr	ˀɽ	’r	ʎ	lj	ˀʎ	’lj

Vowels and Tones

All vowels have one of four tones: high, low, falling, and rising. Falling and rising tones are closer to the middle range than high or low. High tone is accompanied by preaspiration. On a word-initial vowel, the preaspiration is breathy. The preaspiration is converted into voiceless aspiration on any preceding voiceless consonant, and breathy voice on any preceding voiced consonant. Low tone is accompanied by creaky voice on the vowel.

Vowels are separated into 2 classes based on their phonotactic behavior and evolutionary history. Class 1 vowels have no phonotactic restrictions other than that they cannot form diphthongs with each other. These vowels originated from the proto-language's 3-vowel system /e a o/.

Class 2 vowels must be preceded or followed by a consonant, or both, and cannot be adjacent to a Class 1 vowel. Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs with each other. These diphthongs use the same tone system as other vowels. Diphthongs with consonants involve sliding articulation. Class 2 diphthongs cannot be adjacent to each other and adhere to the same restrictions as Class 2 monophthongs. They are excluded from the charts because all Class 2 vowels can form diphthongs (or long vowels) with another and it is not specially notated in romanization.

There are three romanizations systems for Deeplect -4 which differ in vowel and tone notation. The Vohnegien^[1] notation prioritized representing historical pronunciation such as syllabic consonants and their descendants being written with an vowel-initial diagraph upon which tones would be marked with diacritics. Vohnegien notation is seen as more outdated by some, but still used by a few scattered Deeplect -4-speaking regions and by linguists.

Vohnegien Notation
Vowels		Non-labial						Labial
		Extra-Front		Front		Back		Front		Back
		IPA	Vohn.	IPA	Vohn.	IPA	Vohn.	IPA	Vohn.	IPA	Vohn.
Class 1	Monophthong			e	e	ɤ	y			o	o
Class 1	Diphthong			je	ie	ɰɤ	uy			wo	uo
Class 2	Nasal	n̩	an	ĩ	in			ɱ̍	am	ũ	un
	Close	l̩	al	i	iy			y	iu	ʉ	eu
	Open	r̩	ar	æ	ae	ɑ	ao			ɵ	au
Tones		-H		-L		⟨V⟩ here is used to represent a vowel, not the letter V.
Tones		IPA	Vohn.	IPA	Vohn.
H-		ʰV́	V̄	V̂	V̀
L-		V̌	V́	V̰̀	V

Gritchend^[1] approached notation from a modern pronunciation in which diacritics are used on consonants to show syllabicity and on vowels to show vowel quality. Gritchend elected to romanize tones with unused consonant letters. Gritchend notation is broadly considered the modern notation of the language and is used in most formal and informal contexts.

Gritchend Notation
Vowels		Non-labial						Labial
		Extra-Front		Front		Back		Front		Back
		IPA	Vohn.	IPA	Vohn.	IPA	Vohn.	IPA	Vohn.	IPA	Vohn.
Class 1	Monophthong			e	e	ɤ	y			o	o
Class 1	Diphthong			je	ie	ɰɤ	uy			wo	uo
Class 2	Nasal	n̩	ń	ĩ	ĩ			ɱ̍	ḿ	ũ	ũ
	Close	l̩	ĺ	i	i			y	u	ʉ	ü
	Open	r̩	ŕ	æ	ä	ɑ	a			ɵ	ö
Tones		-H		-L		⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.
Tones		IPA	Grit.	IPA	Grit.
H-		ʰV́	S	V̂	Sb
L-		V̌	Sp	V̰̀	Sq

In the interest of avoiding the use of diacritics altogether, Vondenberg^[1] combined the vowel notation of Vohnegien and tone notation of Gritchend. This more modern romanization is most often used in informal text messages and typing with decorative fonts, which often have poor diacritic support.

Vondenberg Notation
Vowels		Non-labial						Labial
		Extra-Front		Front		Back		Front		Back
		IPA	Vond.	IPA	Vond.	IPA	Vond.	IPA	Vond.	IPA	Vond.
Class 1	Monophthong			e	e	ɤ	y			o	o
Class 1	Diphthong			je	ie	ɰɤ	uy			wo	uo
Class 2	Nasal	n̩	an	ĩ	in			ɱ̍	am	ũ	un
	Close	l̩	al	i	iy			y	iu	ʉ	eu
	Open	r̩	ar	æ	ae	ɑ	ao			ɵ	au
Tones		-H		-L		⟨S⟩ here is used to represent a syllable, not the letter S.
Tones		IPA	Grit.	IPA	Grit.
H-		ʰV́	S	V̂	Sb
L-		V̌	Sp	V̰̀	Sq

Deeplect -3

Consonants

Non-Click Consonant		Bilabial	Dental	Alveolar		Palatal	Velar/Uvular	Laryngeal
Non-Click Consonant		Bilabial	Dental	Plain	Fricated	Palatal	Velar/Uvular	Laryngeal
Stop	Plain	p p	t͡θ th	t t	t͡s ts	t͡ʃ ch	k c	ʡ q
	Plain			d d	d͡z dz	d͡ʒ gh	g g
	Glottalized				t͡s’ ts’	t͡ʃʼ ch’	kʼ c’	ʔˤ q’
	Glottalized	ɓ b’		ɗ d’		ʄ gh’	ɠ g’
Fricative	Plain				s s	ʃ š	χ x	ħ h
	Plain					ʒ ž		ʕ ǧ
	Glottalized					ʃʼ š’	χʼ x’
Nasal		m m	n n			ŋ ň
Sonorant		β̞ v	lː l	r r	r̝ rz	j y

Allophony

/t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ʃʼ ʄ k ɡ kʼ ɠ/ become [k͡x g͡ɣ k͡xʼ ɠ q ɢ qʼ ʛ] before low or back vowels.

Click Consonant		Bilabial		Dental		Alveolar		Lateral		Palatal
Click Consonant		Velar	Uvular	Velar	Uvular	Velar	Uvular	Velar	Uvular	Velar	Uvular
Nasal	Fricated	ŋʘʰ mwh	ɴʘχ mwx	ŋǀʰ nzh	ɴǀχ nzx	ŋǃʰ nkh	ɴǃχ nkx	ŋǁʰ nllh	ɴǁχ nllx	ŋǂʰ njh	ɴǂχ njx
	Plain	ŋʘ mw	ɴʘ wm	ŋǀ nz	ɴǀ zn	ŋǃ nk	ɴǃ kn	ŋǁ nll	ɴǁ lln	ŋǂ nj	ɴǂ jn
	Ploded	ŋʘˀ mw’	ɴʘq mwq	ŋǀˀ nz’	ɴǀq nzq	ŋǃˀ nk’	ɴǃq nkq	ŋǁˀ nll’	ɴǁq nllq	ŋǂˀ nj’	ɴǂq njq
Oral	Affricate	ʘk͡x wch	qʘχ wx	ǀk͡x zch	qǀχ zx	ǃk͡x kch	qǃχ kx	ǁk͡x llch	qǁχ llx	ǂk͡x jch	qǂχ jx
	Affricate	gʘx gwx		gǀx gzx		gǃx gkx		gǁx gllx		gǂx gjx
	Aspirated	kʘʰ wh		kǀʰ zh		kǃʰ kh		kǁʰ llh		kǂʰ jh
	Aspirated	gʘʱ gwh		gǀʱ gzh		gǃʱ gkh		gǁʱ gllh		gǂʱ gjh
	Plain	kʘ cw	ʘq wq	kǀ cz	ǀq zq	kǃ ck	ǃq kq	kǁ cll	ǁq llq	kǂ cj	ǂq jq
	Plain	gʘ gw	ʘɢ wg	gǀ gz	ǀɢ zg	gǃ gk	ǃɢ kg	gǁ gll	ǁɢ llg	gǂ gj	ǂɢ jg
	Glottalized	kʘˀ w’		kǀˀ z’		kǃˀ k’		kǁˀ ll’		kǂˀ j’
	Glottalized	gkʘˀ gcw’	ɢqʘˀ gqw’	gkǀˀ gcz’	ɢqǀˀ gqz’	gkǃˀ gck’	ɢqǃˀ gqk’	gkǁˀ gcll’	ɢqǁˀ gqll’	gkǂˀ gcj’	ɢqǂˀ gqj’
	Ejective	ʘkʼ wc’	ʘqʼ wq’	ǀkʼ zc’	ǀqʼ zq’	ǃkʼ kc’	ǃqʼ kq’	ǁkʼ llc’	ǁqʼ llq’	ǂkʼ jc’	ǂqʼ jq’

An apostrophe is placed between grapheme clusters that may be confused with whole graphemes, e.g. ⟨amwha⟩ is /a.ŋʘʰa/ and ⟨am’wha⟩ is /am.kʘʰa/.

Vowels

The vowel qualities are /i u e o a ã/ ⟨i u e o a ã⟩, with the long vowels /iː uː ɛː ɔː ɑː ãː/ ⟨ī ū ē ō ā ãa⟩ and overlong vowels /iːː uːː eːːː oːːː aːːː ãːːː/ ⟨ii uu ee oo aa ãā⟩.

The possible diphthongs are /ei eo oe oi ou oa ue ua ai ae au ao oã uã ãi ãe ãu ão/.

Phonations include modal, breathy ⟨◌h⟩, creaky ⟨◌’⟩, (all three of which can be pharyngealized ⟨◌·⟩), and strident ⟨◌ħ⟩. A long vowels and diphthongs can contain more than one phonation, but short and overlong vowels cannot.

All vowels can be -ATR or +ATR ⟨◌y⟩, corresponding to tongue root harmony. This harmony can change voiceless plain stops to breathy stops (except /p/ which becomes [b]). It is a progressive harmony that begins from the start of a root word and is blocked by ejective and uvular consonants. +ATR is only romanized on the first vowel of a root word.

Allophony

Vowels are nasalized whenever adjacent to nasal phonemes. /ã/ merges with /a/, so ⟨ã⟩ is not used adjacent to nasal phonemes.

Deeplect -2

		Labiodental		Dental				Alveolar				Palatal				Uvular				Epiglottal
		Labiodental		Plain		Labial		Plain		Labial		Plain		Labial		Plain		Labial		Epiglottal
Nasal		ɱ	m	n̪	’n			n	n			ɲ	nj			ɴ	ng
Plosive	Tense			ʔ͡d̪̊	’t	ʔ͡d̪̊ʷ	’tw	ʔ͡d̥	t	ʔ͡d̥ʷ	tw	ʔ͡ɟ̊	c	ʔ͡ɟ̊ʷ	cw	ʔ͡ɢ̥	k	ʔ͡ɢ̥ʷ	kw	ʡ	q
	Lax			d̪𐞖	’dh	d̪𐞖ʷ	’dhw	d𐞖	dh	d𐞖ʷ	dhw	ɟ𐞖	jh	ɟ𐞖ʷ	jhw	ɢ𐞖	gh	ɢ𐞖ʷ	ghw
	Voiced			d̪	’d	d̪ʷ	’nw	d	d	dʷ	dw	ɟ	j	ɟʷ	jw	ɢ	g	ɢʷ	gw
Fricative				ð	ð	ðʷ	ðw	z	z	zʷ	zw	ʝ	y	ʝʷ	yw	ʁ	x	ʁʷ	xw	ʜ	h
Vibrant		ⱱ	v					r	r	rʷ	rw
Lateral				l̪	’l			l	l			ʎ	lj			ʟ	lg

	Front				Non-Front
	High		Low		High		Low
Close	í	í	ì	i	ɨ́	ú	ɨ̀	u
Close-Mid	é	é	è	e	ɘ́	ó	ɘ̀	o
Open					ɐ́	á	ɐ̀	a

Deeplect -1

Grammar
Gloss	IPA	Description	Examples
CAUS.GNO	jɾa-	production, resultation, consequence (gnomic and nouns)	kesˈteltɔ jɾaˈmiawa (earth brings life)
CAUS	ko-	caused (tense, verbs only)	kes'teltɔ koˈmiawe̤ (earth is causing life to exist)
MOA	-a,ɔ > -e̤	verbalizer (motion of agent, MOA). MOA verbs receive an adverb? auxiliary verb? after, showing the precise action taking place if it isn't clear from the primary verb (it would be clear if the prim. verb was "to go to" but not if it's "to water"). unclear primary verbs used without secondary verbs are said to simply "be occuring" or "be existing".	ˈbiːje̤ (approaching water) kesˈtelte̤ (kicking the ground)
MOS	-a,ɔ > -ʕu	verbalizer (motion of secondary thing, MOS). MOS places the object after the verb. objects and "secondary verbs" (referenced above) do not differ in marking	ˈbiːjʕu (splashing water on someone/watering something) kesˈteltʕu (kicking dirt at something/someone)
MOP	-a,ɔ > -a(ʕim)	verbalizer (motion of patient, MOP). MOP places its object before the verb. -ʕim is only added for formality, emphasis, or syntactic disambiguation.	ˈbiːja(ʕim) ~ spraying water around kesˈtela(ʕim) ~ kicking up dirt

whether a verb is conjugated to MOA/MOS/MOP is determined by which action the speaker wants to focus on the most, even though usually 2 or 3 of them will be actually occuring

topic pronouns (marked for person, number, and obviation) are clitics that attach to a particle with some of their grammatical information (cases).

1P.SG.OBV1 ~ ũ=
1P.SG.OBV2 ~ nã=
1P.SG.OBV3 ~ ˈdeu=
2P.SG.OBV1 ~ in=
2P.SG.OBV2 ~ ja̤=
2P.SG.OBV3 ~ tḛːŋ=
3P.SG.OBV1 ~ ki=
3P.SG.OBV2 ~ ɾḛj=
3P.SG.OBV3 ~ aːn=
1P.PL.INCL ~ eˈdo=
1P.PL.EXCL ~ kʼe=
2P.PL.INCL ~ ˈkimi=
2P.PL.EXCL ~ ˈhuku=
3P.PL.OBV1 ~ sto=
3P.PL.OBV2 ~ ˈmihi=
3P.PL.OBV3 ~ aˈdoː=
REFL ~ pi
- used in stuff like drinking(MOS), eating(MOS), etc.
nominative ~ i
vocative ~ -ʃa̤,ja̤/i'ja̤
benefactive ~ -(ɾ)e/ri
malefactive ~ -ḛːse/ḛːse
dative ~ -ãw/ŋaw
commitative ~ -(k,ɡ,ʼ)iː/kiː
instrumental ~ -(s,z)ãʰː/zãʰː
other case particles can be derived using class-less variants of words, which can get prefixed to a non-topic noun

sometimes the particle may be used alone instead of the pronoun clitic.
the pronoun clitic can be attached to a word to show stronger volition toward that aspect of the action described in the sentence (i.e. TOP=[verb] for showing stronger intent for the action than the object, or TOP=[object] for the opposite). stronger volition toward one aspect often implies weaker volition or intent toward the rest (TOP=[verb] may imply accidentally affecting the object, and TOP=[object] may imply accidentally performing the action, but meaning to do something to the object).
both or either of the pronoun clitic and particle may be omitted. omission only occurs in the event of redundance.
there is a subject case particle.
other NPs are listed in the beginning of the sentence in order of decreasing relevance. their cases (and conjunctions) are expressed in affixes, not a particle.

every part of speech has its own set of classes (they do not correspond to each other).
modifiers are added by affixing the modifiee's class suffix and changing the modifiee's suffix to -aː (this assumes all classes affixes will be suffixes but maybe i wont do that)
1. kesˈteltɔ modified by beˈʔaɾa (cooled lava ground) > kesˈtelt-ɔ beˈʔa-ɾa > kesˈtelt-aː beˈʔa-ɾa-ɔ > kesˈteltaː beˈʔaɔ
noun classes (suffixes and prefixes):

-a, -ɔ ~ fluid, changing (animals, thoughts, breath, wind, clothing, some gods)
-ɾa ~ dangerous (lava, fire, poisonous food, weapon used, some gods)
zũː- ~ machinery (car, computer, lock, some weapons merely existing)
kʰ- ~ valuable natural item (diamond, gold, ivory)
tʰe- ~ material for use (wood, paper, ink, glue, metal, cloth)
-ʔiː ~ natural (plants, sun, moon, dirt, some gods)
-nõ ~ human, human-related concept, or thing altered by humanity (person, domesticated animals, weapon created, gods from secular perspective)

verb classes (suffixes):

-e ~
-l ~
-a ~

adjective/adverb classes (prefixes):
unmarked ~ quality
xe- ~ identity
o- ~ relation
adposition classes (suffixes):

when creating a phrase or description, go with more actually-occurs options before hypothetical or culturally-specific ones (i.e. kesˈteltaː beˈʔaɾɔ is a ground of cooled lava, not the ground being molten lava as is pretended in the game "the floor is lava", since the former is more likely to be used in a real situation than the latter)

kesˈteltɔ ~ earth

ˈbiːja ~ water

kṵːɾa ~ fire

ˈmiawa ~ life

ˈzũːkũː ~ metal, mechanical

ˈkʰuːihu ~ gold

beˈʔaɾa ~ lava

ˈtʰeːsʼaː ~ wood

liˈʔiː ~ plant

oˈŋãinõ ~ human

eˈumĩa ~ love

çiːa ~ emotion(s)

xkiˈʔiː ~ think, mind

ˈtʰenũː ~ paper

tʰeˈʔjul ~ ink

ˈzũːmãi ~ pen

he ~ move to

iːl ~ move at/in

ɬaː ~ express, release, secrete

ˈtʰeŋʔiː ~ visible attribute

kɔʔjɔ ~ color, shadow, brightness, angle

tḛjjɔ ~ red, hot pink, orange, brown, violet

vɾiː ~ yellow, orange, lime, beige, white, pink

ħaːn ~ green, lime, evergreen

ˈijaɲ ~ cyan, mint

ˈṳba ~ blue, indigo, purple, black

naːˈħal ~ dark yellow, muddy green

ħũːe ~ correct, factual, verified, verifiable

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Name created by Janus.

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Name created by Janus.

[1]

Trace Deeplects: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 03:03, 10 November 2025

Contents

Deeplect -A

Deeplect -9

Consonant

Vowels

Grammar

Deeplect -8

Transliterations

Latin

Kana

Deeplect -7

Deeplect -6

Deeplect -5

Consonants

Vowels

Phonotactics

Romanization

Deeplect -4.5

Consonants

Vowels and Tones

Deeplect -4

Consonants

Vowels and Tones

Deeplect -3

Consonants

Allophony

Vowels

Allophony

Deeplect -2

Deeplect -1

References

Navigation menu

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''Trace Deeplects''' are incomplete portions of languages that have been detected in experiments attempting to verify the [[Deep Dimensional]] theory. While the strongest evidence for Deep Dimensional is the languages that have inexplicably appeared, [[MARA]] experiments have found trace amounts of languages in their investigations, giving it more credibility. However, measurement error is not ruled out. This article will contain all the information on every Trace Deeplect. Trace Deeplects are listed in order of their negative discovery.
-== Deeplect -8 ==
+== Deeplect -A ==
+Deeplect -A is intended to create a manner of communication that involves very little complexity, whether that be phonological, grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic, and therefore easy and intuitive to learn from any linguistic background. Words do not take on parts of speech (noun, verb, etc.) or grammatical roles (subject, object, etc.) typical of natural languages. The syntactic structure is based purely on the relationships of emphasized words, unemphasized words, and pauses.
+'''Vocabulary'''
+* small: ki
+** can be used to describe small size, quantity, height, social position, etc.
+* big: on
+** can be used to describe large size, quantity, height, social position, etc.
+* move: ne
+** can be used to describe living things, fluids, motion, etc.
+* stay: at
+** can be used to describe unmoving things, solids, the ground, some locations, etc.
+* subject: e (subject of discussion, not gramamtical subject)
+* not: su
+'''Syntax'''
+''u'' = unemphasized word; ''E'' = emphasized word
+* uE: ''u'' performs as a topic, ''E'' performs as a comment modifying the topic.
+* Eu: ''E'' performs as a novel topic, ''u'' performs as a comment modifying the novel topic.
+* u<sub>1</sub>u<sub>1</sub>: marks plurality
+* E<sub>1</sub>E<sub>1</sub>: marks emphasis
+* u<sub>1</sub>u<sub>2</sub>/E<sub>1</sub>E<sub>2</sub>: marks addition or comparison depending on context
+* Lack of pauses indicate a continuous idea.
+* Brief pauses (marked with commas) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the previous one.
+* Medial pauses (marked with periods ) indicate the beginning of a new idea related to the multiple previous ideas. Which previous ideas they are is left up to context.
+* Long pauses (marked with elipses) indicate the beginning of an idea unrelates to the previous ones.
+'''Expressions'''
+* Ownership is expressed with "e ON e KI", translating to "This is big and/but that is small." This can also be used to compare sizes or quantities of "this" and "that", depending on context.
+** "e ON KI" translates to "This is big and small."
+** "e on e ki" translates to "This, a big thing, that, and a small thing."
+** "e ON E KI" translates to "This is big, the other thing, and small."
+** "e ON, e KI" translates to "This is big, meanwhile that is small." This is more often used for comparison of the sizes between "this" and "that".
+** "e ON. e KI" translates to "...and this is big. Additionally, that is small."
+** "E on, e KI" translates to "As for this, this is big, and/but that is small."
+** "E on e KI" translates to "As for this, this is big and the other thing. There is also a small thing."
+== Deeplect -9 ==
-=== Consonants ===
+=== Consonant ===
 {| class="wikitable"
-! colspan="2" |
+|-
-!Labial
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Consonants
-!Dental
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Bilabial
-!Alveolar
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Dental
+! colspan="3" |Alveolar
+! colspan="4" |Palatal
+! colspan="6" |Velar
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Laryngeal
+|-
+! colspan="2" |Plain
 !Palatal
-!Velar
+! colspan="2" |Plain
-!Uvular
+! colspan="2" |Labial
-!Epiglottal
+! colspan="2" |Plain
+! colspan="2" |Palatal
+! colspan="2" |Labial
+|-
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Nasal
+|m̥
+|m
+|
+|ᵑʇ
+|n̥
+|n
+|
+|
+|ɲ
+|
+|
+|ŋ̊
+|ŋ
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
 |-
-! rowspan="2" |Nasal
+|'''''mh/ṁ'''''
-!Plain
+|'''''m'''''
-|m (m)
+|
-|n̪ (nh)
+|'''''nz'''''
-|n (n)
+|'''''nh/ṅ'''''
-|ɲ (ny)
+|'''''n'''''
-|ŋ (ng)
+|
+|
+|'''''ny/ņ'''''
+|
+|
+|'''''ňh'''''
+|'''''ň'''''
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+! rowspan="6" |Plosive
+! rowspan="2" |Aspirated
+|pʰ
+|bʰ
+|ᵏʇʰ
+|
+|tʰ
+|dʰ
+|
+|
+|ɟʰ
+|
+|ɟʰʷ
+|kʰ
+|
+|kʰʲ
+|
+|kʰᶣ
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+|'''''ph'''''
+|'''''bh'''''
+|'''''zh'''''
+|
+|'''''th'''''
+|'''''dh'''''
+|
+|
+|'''''jh'''''
+|
+|'''''ǰh'''''
+|'''''kh'''''
+|
+|'''''ķh'''''
+|
+|'''''ǩh'''''
+|
 |
 |
 |-
-!Glottalized
+! rowspan="2" |Plain
-|mˀ (m')
+|p
+|b
+|
+|
+|t
+|d
+|tɕ
+|c
+|ɟ
+|cʷ
+|ɟʷ
+|k
+|
+|kʲ
+|
+|kᶣ
 |
-|nˀ (n')
-|ɲˀ (ny')
-|ŋˀ (ng')
 |
 |
 |-
-! rowspan="3" |Plosive
+|'''''p'''''
-!Prenasalized
+|'''''b'''''
+|
+|
+|'''''t'''''
+|'''''d'''''
+|'''''ch'''''
+|'''''c'''''
+|'''''j'''''
+|'''''č'''''
+|'''''ǰ'''''
+|'''''k'''''
+|
+|'''''ķ'''''
+|
+|'''''ǩ'''''
+|
 |
-|ⁿdz̪ (ndz)
-|ⁿd (nd)
-|ᶮɟ (nj)
-|ᵑɡ (ngg)
-|ᶰɢ (nq)
 |
 |-
-!Voiceless
+! rowspan="2" |Rhinoglottic
-|p (p)
+|pʼ
-|ts̪ (tz)
+|ᵐb
-|t (t)
+|ᵏʇˀ
-|c (c)
+|
-|k (k)
+|tʼ
-|q (q)
+|ⁿd
-|ʡ (x)
+|tɕʼ
+|
+|ᶮɟ
+|
+|ᶮɟʷ
+|kʼ
+|ᵑg
+|kʲʼ
+|ᵑgʲ
+|kᶣʼ
+|ᵑgᶣ
+|ʔ
+|
 |-
-!Voiced
+|'''''pp'''''
-|b (b)
+|'''''nb'''''
-|dz̪ (dz)
+|'''''zz'''''
-|d (d)
-|ɟ (j)
-|ɡ (g)
 |
+|'''''tt'''''
+|'''''nd'''''
+|'''''cc'''''
+|
+|'''''jj'''''
+|
+|'''''nǰ'''''
+|'''''kk'''''
+|'''''ng'''''
+|'''''ḱḱ'''''
+|'''''nǵ'''''
+|'''''ǩǩ'''''
+|'''''nǧ'''''
+|'''''<nowiki/>''''''
 |
 |-
-! colspan="2" |Ejective
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Fricative
-|pʼ (p')
+|ɸ
-|ts̪ʼ (tz')
+|β
-|tʼ (t')
+|θ~s̪
-|cʼ (c')
+|ð~z̪
-|kʼ (k')
+|s
-|qʼ (q')
+|
+|ʃ
+|ç
+|ʝ
+|çʷ
+|ʝʷ
+|
+|ʁ
+|
+|ʁʲ
+|
+|ʁᶣ
+|h
 |
 |-
-! colspan="2" |Implosive
+|'''''f'''''
-|ɓ (b')
+|'''''v'''''
+|'''''ç'''''
+|'''''z'''''
+|'''''s'''''
 |
-|ɗ (d')
+|'''''x'''''
+|'''''ś'''''
+|'''''ź'''''
+|'''''š'''''
+|'''''ž'''''
 |
+|'''''g'''''
 |
+|'''''ǵ'''''
 |
+|'''''ǧ'''''
+|'''''h'''''
 |
 |-
-! colspan="2" |Fricative
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Approximant
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|l̥
+|l
+|
+|
+|j
+|
+|ɥ
 |
-|s̪ (sz)
-|s (s)
-|ç (ch)
 |
-|χ (qh)
+|
-|ħ (ḥ)
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|ʕ̞
 |-
-! rowspan="2" |Approximant
+|
-!Plain
+|
-|β̞ (v)
+|
-|ð̞ (dh)
+|
-|ɹ (r)
+|'''''lh'''''
-|j (y)
+|'''''l'''''
-|ɰ (gh)
+|
+|
+|'''''y'''''
+|
+|'''''w'''''
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|'''''q'''''
+|-
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Tap
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|ɾ̥
+|ɾ
+|
+|ɾ̥ʲ
+|ɾʲ
+|ɾ̥ᶣ
+|ɾᶣ
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
 |
 |
 |-
-!Glottalized
 |
 |
 |
-|jˀ (y')
+|
+|'''''rh'''''
+|'''''r'''''
+|
+|'''''ŕh'''''
+|'''''ŕ'''''
+|'''''řh'''''
+|'''''ř'''''
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
 |
 |
-|ʕˀ (g')
 |-
-! rowspan="2" |Lateral Approximant
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Trill
-!Plain
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|r̥
+|r
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
 |
-|l̪ (lh)
-|l (l)
-|ʎ (ly)
 |
 |
 |
 |-
-!Glottalized
 |
 |
-|lˀ (l')
+|
-|ʎˀ (ly')
+|
+|'''''ŗh'''''
+|'''''ŗ'''''
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
 |
 |
 |
 |}
+=== Vowels ===
 {| class="wikitable"
-! colspan="2" |
-!Labial
-!Dental
-!Alveolar
-!Lateral
-!Palatal
 |-
+! rowspan="3" |Vowels
+! colspan="3" |Front
+! colspan="2" |Central
+! colspan="2" |Back
+|-
+! rowspan="2" |Oral
+! colspan="2" |Nasal
+! rowspan="2" |Oral
 ! rowspan="2" |Nasal
-!Plain
+! rowspan="2" |Oral
-|ᵑʘ (mf)
+! rowspan="2" |Nasal
-|ᵑǀ (nț)
+|-
-|ᵑǃ (nķ)
+!Unround
-|ᵑǁ (nļ)
+!Round
-|ᵑǂ (nç)
+|-
+! rowspan="2" |High
+|i
+|ĩ
+|ỹ
+|ɨ
+|ɨ̃
+|
+|ʊ̃
 |-
-!Glottalized
+|'''''i'''''
-|ᵑʘˀ (mf')
+|'''''ĩ'''''
-|ᵑǀˀ (nț')
+|'''''ü'''''
-|ᵑǃˀ (nķ')
+|'''''u'''''
-|ᵑǁˀ (nļ')
+|'''''ũ'''''
-|ᵑǂˀ (nç')
+|
+|'''''õ'''''
 |-
-! rowspan="6" |Voiceless
+! rowspan="2" |Mid
-!Affricate
+|e
-|ᵏʘχ (fq)
+|ẽ
-|ᵏǀχ (țq)
+|ø̃
-|ᵏǃχ (ķq)
+|ɘ
-|ᵏǁχ (ļq)
+|
-|ᵏǂχ (çq)
+|o
+|
 |-
-!Aspirated
+|'''''e'''''
-|ᵏʘʰ (fh)
+|'''''ẽ'''''
-|ᵏǀʰ (țh)
+|'''''ö'''''
-|ᵏǃʰ (ķh)
+|'''''ë'''''
-|ᵏǁʰ (ļh)
+|
-|ᵏǂʰ (çh)
+|'''''o'''''
+|
 |-
-!Tenuis
+! rowspan="2" |Low
-|ᵏʘ (f)
+|ɛ~æ
-|ᵏǀ (ț)
+|
-|ᵏǃ (ķ)
+|
-|ᵏǁ (ļ)
+|
-|ᵏǂ (ç)
+|
+|ɔ~ɑ
+|
 |-
-!Glottalized Oral
+|'''''ä'''''
-|ᵏʘˀ (f<nowiki>''</nowiki>)
+|
-|ᵏǀˀ (ț')
+|
-|ᵏǃˀ (ķ')
+|
-|ᵏǁˀ (ļ')
+|
-|ᵏǂˀ (ç')
+|'''''a'''''
+|
+|}
+=== Grammar ===
+Nouns usually have either feminine or masculine gender. Nouns and proper nouns referring to people can have feminine, masculine, or femasculine. Proper nouns not referring to people are always femasculine. There is some precedent for nouns or proper nouns with the opposite gender that they're supposed to have being used for alternative versions of the original word. This is primarily used in fiction and physics.
+Deeplect -9 has a complex way of marking gender, topic, number, transitivity, specificity, and adjectives that makes them interconnected.
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
-!Ejective
+!Masc //-bʰi//, //-te//
-|ʘkʼ (fk')
-|ǀkʼ (țk')
-|ǃkʼ (ķk')
-|ǁkʼ (ļk')
-|ǂkʼ (çk')
 |-
-!Fricative Ejective
+!Fem //-ⁿd//, //-l//
-|ᵏʘxʼ (fh')
-|ᵏǀxʼ (țh')
-|ᵏǃxʼ (ķh')
-|ᵏǁxʼ (ļh')
-|ᵏǂxʼ (çh')
 |-
-! colspan="2" |Voiced
+!Femasc //-bʰiⁿd//, //-tel//
-|ᶢʘ (bf)
-|ᶢǀ (dț)
-|ᶢǃ (dķ)
-|ᶢǁ (dļ)
-|ᶢǂ (jç)
 |}
-=== Vowels ===
 {| class="wikitable"
-! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
+! colspan="3" rowspan="3" |Noun Declensions (''lhaadh'')
-! colspan="4" |Oral
+! colspan="4" |Topic within noun phrase
-! colspan="2" |Nasal
+! colspan="2" |Topic not within noun phrase
+|-
+! colspan="2" |Subject
+! colspan="2" |Object
+! rowspan="2" |Subject
+! rowspan="2" |Object
+|-
+!Noun Topic
+!Adjective Topic
+!Noun Topic
+!Adjective Topic
+|-
+! colspan="3" |Generic
+| colspan="2" |''lhaadh'' V O
+| colspan="2" |V ''lhaadh'' S
+|V O ''lhaadh''
+|S V ''lhaadh''
+|-
+! rowspan="6" |Singular
+! rowspan="3" |Non-specific
+!Masc
+|''lhaadte'' V O
+|''lhaadbhi'' V O
+|V ''lhaachte'' S
+|V ''lhaach'' S
+|V O ''lhaadhbhi''
+|S V ''lhaach''
+|-
+!Fem
+|''lhaadhal'' V O
+|''lhaadhand'' V O
+|V ''lhaadhol'' S
+|V ''lhaadhon'' S
+|V O ''lhaadhand''
+|S V ''lhaadhon''
+|-
+!Femasc
+|''lhaadtel'' V O
+|''lhaadhbhind'' V O
+|V ''lhaachontel'' S
+|V ''lhaachon'' S
+|V O ''lhaadhbhind''
+|S V ''lhaachon''
+|-
+! rowspan="3" |Specific
+!Masc
+|''lhaadte'' V O
+|''lhaadbhi'' V O
+|V ''lhaadhbhite'' S
+|''lhaadbhi'' V O
+|V O ''lhaadhbhi''
+|S V ''lhaadhbhi''
+|-
+!Fem
+|''lhaadhal'' V O
+|''lhaadhand'' V O
+|V ''lhaadhandal'' S
+|''lhaadhand'' V O
+|V O ''lhaadhand''
+|S V ''lhaadhand''
+|-
+!Femasc
+|''lhaadtel'' V O
+|''lhaadhbhind'' V O
+|V ''lhaadhbhindel'' S
+|''lhaadhbhind'' V O
+|V O ''lhaadhbhind''
+|S V ''lhaadhbhind''
 |-
-! colspan="2" |Front
+! rowspan="4" |Plural
-! colspan="2" |Back
+! rowspan="2" |Non-specific
-! colspan="2" |Non-Front
+!
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
 |-
-!Unround
+!
-!Round
+|
-!Unround
+|
-!Round
+|
-!Unround
+|
-!Round
+|
+|
 |-
-! rowspan="3" |Modal
+! rowspan="2" |Specific
-!High
+!
-|i (i)
+|
-|y (iw)
+|
-|ɯ (uw)
+|
-|u (u)
+|
-|ɨ̃ (į)
+|
-|ũ (ų)
+|
 |-
-!Mid
+!
-|e (e)
+|
-|ø (ew)
+|
+|
+|
+|
 |
-|o (o)
-|ɘ̃ (ę)
-|õ (ǫ)
 |-
-!Low
+! rowspan="4" |Distributive
-|æ (a)
+! rowspan="2" |Non-specific
-|ɶ (aw)
+!
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
 |
-|ɔ (ow)
-|ã (ą)
-|ɔ̃ (ǫw)
 |-
-! rowspan="3" |Creaky
+!
-!High
+|
-|ɪ̰ (i')
+|
+|
+|
 |
 |
-|ʊ̰ (u')
-|ɨ̰̃ (į')
-|ṵ̃ (ų')
 |-
-!Mid
+! rowspan="2" |Specific
-|ɛ̰ (e')
+!
+|
+|
+|
+|
 |
 |
-|ɔ̰ (o')
-|ɘ̰̃ (ę')
-|õ̰ (ǫ')
 |-
-!Low
+!
+|
+|
+|
 |
 |
-|ɑ̰ (a')
 |
-|ã̰ (ą')
+|}
-|ɔ̰̃ (ǫw')
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
-! rowspan="2" |Breathy
+! rowspan="2" |Verbs
-!High
+! colspan="2" |Intransitive
-|ɪ̤ (ih)
+!
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+! colspan="2" |Transitive
+!
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
 |
-|ɘ̤ (uwh)
-|ʊ̤ (uh)
 |
 |
+|}
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
-!Low
+!Adjectives
-|ɛ̤ (eh)
+!
-|ɞ̤ (awh)
+!
-|ɑ̤ (ah)
+!
-|ɔ̤ (oh)
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
 |
 |
-|}Vowels can have a high ⟨◌̄⟩ or low tone ⟨◌⟩. Stressed high-tone vowels ⟨◌́⟩ are extra-high and aspirated [◌̋ʰ], and stressed low-tone vowels ⟨◌̀⟩ are extra-low and postglottalized [◌̏ˀ].
+|
+|}
-* H[+long] > HL / _L
+In the following charts, small asterisked words are atypical declensions.
-* L[+long] > LH / _H
+{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
-* H[–long] > HL / _L[+stress]
+! rowspan="2" |Nouns
-* L[–long] > LH / _H[+stress]
+!Plain
-This also happens across word boundaries.
+!Fem
+!Masc
-=== Phonotactics ===
+!Femasc
-(C)V(R)
+!Fem Topic
+!Masc Topic
-=== Grammar ===
+!Femasc Topic
-Deeplect -8 follows a verb-object-agent structure. The object may be a patient or agent. It is semantically whatever the verb is said to happen to. The agent is what causes the verb to happen, however. Every main verb must have an object. No argument is considered the subject because both the object and agent can take on qualities of a subject, which makes labeling either as the true subject arbitrary.
+!Fem Singular
+!Masc Singular
-Placing a converb after all the arguments indicates it happened after the main verb. Placing a converb before the main verb indicates it resulted in the main verb. Placing a converb after the main verb indicates it happened simultaneously. Placing a converb after the patient, but before the agent, indicates it is connected to the main action in some other way, which is usually interpretable through context. The relationship may be specified through a relative clause that it becomes the main verb of. The agent of the main verb is always the agent of the converb, but the converb may be followed by its own object separate from that of the main verb. If the main verb has no agent, then the converb instead shares the object with the main verb and cannot have an agent.
+!Femasc Singular
+|-
-Should I add gender?
+!//Ø//
+!//-ⁿd//
-Verbs can be conjugated for person, obviation, and more?
+!//-bʰi//
+!//-bʰiⁿd//
-=== Sentences ===
+!//-l//
-''{{Ipa|Kį̄ ndų̀nggųl’i ļhīi’ y’éhbēsa nț’ūhrį́n.}}''
+!//-te//
+!//-tel//
-''{{Ipa|[kɨ̃˥˩ ⁿdũˀ˩.ᵑɡũ˨.lˀi˨ ᵏǁʰḭː˦ jˀɛ̤ʰ˥.be˦.sæ˨ ᵑǀˀṳ˦.ɹɨ̃ʰn˥]}}''
+!//-on//
+!//-js//
-<code>[[kį̄]<sup>V</sup> [ndų̀nggų]<sup>N</sup> -l'i]<sup>VP</sup> [[[ļhīi']<sup>N</sup> [[y'éhbē]<sup>N</sup> -sa]<sup>RelC</sup>]<sup>NP</sup> [[nț'ūhrį́]<sup>V</sup> -n]]<sup>ConVP</sup></code>
+!//-json//
+|-
-<code>see    hammer     -ACC    person     friend     -REL.COP   smile       -CONV</code>
+!friend
+|chẽ
-The person, who is a friend, sees the hammer and then smiles.
+|chẽnd
-=== Vocabulary ===
+|chẽbhi
+|chẽbhind
+|chẽl
+|chẽte
+|chẽtel
+|chẽon
+|chẽys
+|chẽyson
+|-
+!watermelon
+|vilh
+|*vilnd
+|vilhbhi
+|*vilhbhind
+|*vill
+|vilhte
+|*vilhtel
+|*vilhon
+|vilhx
+|*vilhxon
+|-
+!sun
+|ńaṁ
+|*ńamnd
+|ńaṁbhi
+|*ńaṁbhind
+|*ńaml
+|ńaṁte
+|*ńaṁtel
+|*ńaṁon
+|ńaṁx
+|*ńaṁxon
+|-
+!moon
+|ḱḱuŗh
+|*ḱḱuŗnd
+|ḱḱuŗhbhi
+|*ḱḱuŗhbhind
+|ḱḱuŗl
+|ḱḱuŗhte
+|*ḱḱuŗhtel
+|*ḱḱuŗhon
+|ḱḱuŗhx
+|*ḱḱuŗhxon
+|-
+!day
+|ma
+|mand
+|*mabhi
+|*mabhind
+|mal
+|*mate
+|*matel
+|maon
+|*mays
+|*mayson
+|-
+!night
+|bhai
+|bhaind
+|*bhaibhi
+|*bhaibhind
+|bhail
+|*bhaite
+|*bhaitel
+|bhaion
+|*bhaiys
+|*bhaiyson
+|-
+!day sky
+|cĩĩ
+|cĩĩnd
+|*cĩĩbhi
+|*cĩĩbhind
+|cĩĩl
+|*cĩĩte
+|*cĩĩtel
+|cĩĩon
+|*cĩĩys
+|*cĩĩyson
+|-
+!night sky
+|'att
+|*'attand
+|'attibhi
+|*'attibhind
+|*'attal
+|'atte
+|*'attel
+|*'atton
+|'attis
+|*'attison
+|-
+!cloud
+|lhä
+|lhänd
+|*lhäbhi
+|*lhäbhind
+|lhäl
+|*lhäte
+|*lhätel
+|lhäon
+|*lhäys
+|*lhäyson
+|-
+!paper
+|nzũ'
+|nzũnd
+|*nzũ'bhi
+|*nzũ'bhind
+|nzũl
+|*nzũ'te
+|*nzũ'tel
+|nzũ'on
+|*nzũ'x
+|*nzũ'xon
+|-
+!computer
+|zhoto
+|*zhotond
+|zhotobhi
+|*zhotobhind
+|*zhotol
+|zhotote
+|*zhototel
+|*zhotoon
+|zhotoys
+|*zhotoyson
+|-
+!person
+|lhaadh
+|lhaadhand
+|lhaadhbhi
+|lhaadhbhind
+|lhaadhal
+|lhaadte
+|lhaadtel
+|lhaadhon
+|lhaadhx
+|lhaadhxon
+|}
 {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
-!English
+! rowspan="2" |Verbs
-!D -8
+!Intransitive
-!Notes
+!Fem Transitive
+!Masc Transitive
+!Femasc Transitive
+|-
+!//Ø//
+!//-r̥//
+!//-ʊ̃//
+!//-ʊ̃r̥//
+|-
+!like
+|qad
+|qatŗh
+|qadõ
+|qadõŗh
+|-
+!want
+|chëk
+|chëkŗh
+|chëkõ
+|chëkõŗh
+|-
+!have
+|ṁẽ
+|ṁẽŗh
+|ṁẽõ
+|ṁẽõŗh
+|-
+!give
+|zzõ
+|zzõŗh
+|zzõõ
+|zzõõŗh
+|-
+!receive/take
+|ń'e
+|ń'eŗh
+|ń'eõ
+|ń'eõŗh
+|-
+!eat/drink
+|mäx
+|mäxŗh
+|mäxõ
+|mäxõŗh
+|-
+!breathe
+|ňhim
+|ňhimŗh
+|ňhimõ
+|ňhimõŗh
+|-
+!say
+|ää
+|ääŗh
+|ääõ
+|ääõŗh
+|-
+!sing
+|
+|
+|
+|
 |-
-|hammer
+!go to
-|ndų̀nggų
+|
+|
+|
 |
 |-
-|person
+!leave
-|ļhīi'
+|
+|
+|
 |
 |-
-|friend
+!
-|y'éhbē
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+!
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+!
+|
+|
+|
 |
 |-
-|smile
+!
-|nț'ūhrį́
+|
+|
+|
 |
 |-
-|language
+!
-|ç'ē
+|
+|
+|
 |
+|}
+{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
+! rowspan="2" |Adjectives
+!Fem
+!Masc
+!Femasc
+!Fem Topic
+!Masc Topic
+!Femasc Topic
+|-
+!//-β//
+!//-i//
+!//-ɥ//
+!//-l//
+!//-te//
+!//-tel//
 |-
-|to have
+!happy
-|so'u'
+|zzaav
+|zzaai
+|zzaaw
+|zaal
+|zzaate
+|zaatel
+|-
+!blue
+|ǵëv
+|ǵëi
+|ǵëw
+|ǵël
+|ǵëte
+|ǵëtel
+|}
+== Deeplect -8 ==
+{| class="wikitable"
+!C
+! colspan="2" |Bilabial
+! colspan="2" |Alveolar
+! colspan="2" |Dorsal
+! colspan="2" |Glottal
+!V
+!Non-Back
+!Back
+|-
+!Nasal
+|{{ipa|m̥}}
+|{{ipa|m}}
+|{{ipa|n̥}}
+|{{ipa|n}}
 |
+|{{ipa|ɲ}}
+|
+|
+!Close
+|{{ipa|i̞}}
+|{{ipa|ɯ}}
 |-
-|black
+!Plosive
-|ndzih
+|{{ipa|pʰ}}
+|{{ipa|bʰ}}
+|{{ipa|tʰ}}
+|{{ipa|dʰ}}
+|{{ipa|kʰ}}
+|{{ipa|ɡʰ}}
+|{{ipa|ʔ}}
 |
+!Mid
+|{{ipa|ə}}
+|{{ipa|o}}
 |-
-|white
+!Fricative
-|nçęl
+|{{ipa|ɸ}}
+|{{ipa|β}}
+|{{ipa|ʃ}}
+|{{ipa|ʒ}}
+|{{ipa|x}}
+|{{ipa|ɣ}}
+|{{ipa|h}}
+|{{ipa|ɦ}}
+!Open
+|{{ipa|a}}
 |
 |-
-|red
+!Sonorant
-|k'ìwtūwh
+|
+|{{ipa|w}}
+|
+|{{ipa|ɾ}}
+|
+|{{ipa|j}}
+|
 |
+! colspan="3" |
+|}
+* VS̥ʰ VS̬ʰ > V́S̥ V̀S̥ / _%
+(C<sub>1</sub>)V(C<sub>2</sub>)
+* C<sub>1</sub>: any consonant except /ʔ h ɦ/
+* V: any vowel
+* C<sub>2</sub>: any consonant
+=== Transliterations ===
+==== Latin ====
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+!IPA
+|{{ipa|m̥}}
+|{{ipa|m}}
+|{{ipa|n̥}}
+|{{ipa|n}}
+|{{ipa|ɲ}}
+|{{ipa|pʰ}}
+|{{ipa|bʰ}}
+|{{ipa|tʰ}}
+|{{ipa|dʰ}}
+|{{ipa|kʰ}}
+|{{ipa|ɡʰ}}
+|{{ipa|ʔ}}
+|{{ipa|ɸ}}
+|{{ipa|β}}
+|{{ipa|ʃ}}
+|{{ipa|ʒ}}
+|{{ipa|x}}
+|{{ipa|ɣ}}
+|{{ipa|h}}
+|{{ipa|ɦ}}
+|{{ipa|w}}
+|{{ipa|ɾ}}
+|{{ipa|j}}
+|{{ipa|i̞}}
+|{{ipa|ɯ}}
+|{{ipa|ə}}
+|{{ipa|o}}
+|{{ipa|a}}
+|-
+!Romanization
+|'''mh'''
+|'''m'''
+|'''nh'''
+|'''n'''
+|'''ny'''
+|'''p'''
+|'''b'''
+|'''t'''
+|'''d'''
+|'''k'''
+|'''g'''
+|'''c'''
+|'''f'''
+|'''v'''
+|'''s'''
+|'''j'''
+|'''x'''
+|'''q'''
+|'''h'''
+|'''’'''
+|'''w'''
+|'''r'''
+|'''y'''
+|'''i'''
+|'''u'''
+|'''e'''
+|'''o'''
+|'''a'''
+|}
+==== Kana ====
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
-|to walk
+!
-|ķhāwy'
+!{{ipa|Ø}}
+!{{ipa|m̥}}
+!{{ipa|m}}
+!{{ipa|n̥}}
+!{{ipa|n}}
+!{{ipa|ɲ}}
+!{{ipa|pʰ}}
+!{{ipa|bʰ}}
+!{{ipa|tʰ}}
+!{{ipa|dʰ}}
+!{{ipa|kʰ}}
+!{{ipa|ɡʰ}}
+!{{ipa|ʔ}}
+!{{ipa|ɸ}}
+!{{ipa|β}}
+!{{ipa|ʃ}}
+!{{ipa|ʒ}}
+!{{ipa|x}}
+!{{ipa|ɣ}}
+!{{ipa|h}}
+!{{ipa|ɦ}}
+!{{ipa|w}}
+!{{ipa|ɾ}}
+!{{ipa|j}}
+|-
+!{{ipa|i̞}}
+|'''い'''
+|'''ミ'''
+|'''み'''
+|'''ニ'''
+|'''に'''
+|'''にぃ'''
+|'''ぴ'''
+|'''び'''
+|'''ち'''
+|'''ぢ'''
+|'''き'''
+|'''ぎ'''
+|
+|'''ふぃ'''
+|'''ゔぃ'''
+|'''し'''
+|'''じ'''
+|'''キ'''
+|'''ギ'''
+|
 |
+|'''ゐ'''
+|'''り'''
+|'''いぃ'''
 |-
-|to show
+!{{ipa|ɯ}}
-|dțōvę́
+|'''う'''
+|'''ム'''
+|'''む'''
+|'''ヌ'''
+|'''ぬ'''
+|'''にゅ'''
+|'''ぷ'''
+|'''び'''
+|'''つ'''
+|'''づ'''
+|'''く'''
+|'''ぐ'''
+|
+|'''ふ'''
+|'''ゔ'''
+|'''しゅ'''
+|'''じゅ'''
+|'''ク'''
+|'''グ'''
 |
+|
+|'''うぅ'''
+|'''る'''
+|'''ゆ'''
 |-
-|to touch
+!{{ipa|ə}}
-|ļ'āa'ng
+|'''え'''
+|'''メ'''
+|'''め'''
+|'''ネ'''
+|'''ね'''
+|'''にぇ'''
+|'''ぺ'''
+|'''べ'''
+|'''て'''
+|'''で'''
+|'''け'''
+|'''げ'''
 |
+|'''ふぇ'''
+|'''ゔぇ'''
+|'''しぇ'''
+|'''じぇ'''
+|'''ケ'''
+|'''ゲ'''
+|
+|
+|'''ゑ'''
+|'''れ'''
+|'''いぇ'''
 |-
-|to see
+!{{ipa|o}}
-|kį̄
+|'''お'''
+|'''モ'''
+|'''も'''
+|'''ノ'''
+|'''の'''
+|'''にょ'''
+|'''ぽ'''
+|'''ぼ'''
+|'''と'''
+|'''ど'''
+|'''こ'''
+|'''ご'''
 |
+|'''ふぉ'''
+|'''ゔぉ'''
+|'''しょ'''
+|'''じょ'''
+|'''コ'''
+|'''ゴ'''
+|
+|
+|'''を'''
+|'''ろ'''
+|'''よ'''
 |-
-|to go
+!{{ipa|a}}
-|buw
+|'''あ'''
+|'''マ'''
+|'''ま'''
+|'''ナ'''
+|'''な'''
+|'''にゃ'''
+|'''ぱ'''
+|'''ば'''
+|'''た'''
+|'''だ'''
+|'''か'''
+|'''が'''
+|
+|'''ふぁ'''
+|'''ゔぁ'''
+|'''しゃ'''
+|'''じゃ'''
+|'''カ'''
+|'''ガ'''
+|
 |
+|'''わ'''
+|'''ら'''
+|'''や'''
 |-
-|to bring
+!{{ipa|Ø}}
-|mfōōw
 |
+|'''ム゚'''
+|'''ム゙'''
+|'''ヌ゚'''
+|'''ヌ゙'''
+|'''ニ゙'''
+|'''プ'''
+|'''ブ'''
+|'''ト'''
+|'''ド'''
+|'''ク゚'''
+|'''ん'''
+|'''っ'''
+|'''フ'''
+|'''ヴ'''
+|'''シ'''
+|'''ジ'''
+|'''ホ'''
+|'''ン'''
+|'''ゝ'''
+|'''ゞ'''
+|'''ウ'''
+|'''ル'''
+|'''イ'''
 |}

Trace Deeplects: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 03:03, 10 November 2025

Deeplect -A

Deeplect -9

Consonant

Vowels

Grammar

Deeplect -8

Transliterations

Latin

Kana

Deeplect -7

Deeplect -6

Deeplect -5

Consonants

Vowels

Phonotactics

Romanization

Deeplect -4.5

Consonants

Vowels and Tones

Deeplect -4

Consonants

Vowels and Tones

Deeplect -3

Consonants

Allophony

Vowels

Allophony

Deeplect -2

Deeplect -1

References

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