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| ''Kyawcenni redirects here. For the people, see [[Kyawcenni people]].''<br><br>
| | #REDIRECT [[Kyawcenni]] |
| {{Infobox language
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| |name=Kyawcenni
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| |family=[[Sheikan languages|Sheikan]], [[Kyawcennic]]
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| |early-forms=[[Classical Kyawcenni]]
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| |era=ca. 2023 to today
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| |scripts=[[wikipedia:Latin script|Latin]], formerly [[wikipedia:Mon–Burmese script|Mon-Burmese]]
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| |country=[[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen]]
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| |regulator=Government of [[Kyaw Cen]]
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| |demonym=Kyawcenni
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| |number=~12
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| |usage=Government language
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| |lang-code=KYC
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| }}
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| '''Kyawcenni''' is an analytic language spoken by [[Kyawcenni people|Kyawcennis]] in the [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen]] and written in the [[Latin alphabet]]. Its early speakers originated from [[Marcyland]].
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| Due to Kyaw Cen's continued centralization and standardization efforts, the language is very prone to change.
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| ===History===
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| Kyawcenni descends from the [[Sheikah language]] spoken in [[Marcyland]] before the migration to the [[Isles of Silly]] in late 2023.
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| ==Phonology and Orthography==
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| ===Consonants===
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| Kyawcenni uses following consonants: | |
| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+
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| ! rowspan="2" |
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| ! colspan="2" |Bilabial
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| ! colspan="2" |Alveolar
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| ! colspan="2" |Postalveolar
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| !Palatal
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| ! colspan="2" |Velar-Uvular
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| |-
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| !unv
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| !v
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| !unv
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| !v
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| !unv
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| !v
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| !
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| !unv
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| !v
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| |-
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| !Plosive
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| |/p/
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| |/b/
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| |/t/
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| |/d/
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| |/k/
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| |/g/
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| |-
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| !Nasal
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| |/m/
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| |/n/
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| |/ŋ/ ⟨ng⟩
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| |-
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| !Fricative
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| |/s/
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| | rowspan="2" |/z/
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| [z,dz]¹
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| |/ʃ/ ⟨š⟩
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| | rowspan="2" |/ʒ/
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| [ʒ,dʒ]¹ ⟨j⟩
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| |/ç/ ⟨x⟩
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| |/χ/ ⟨h⟩
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| |-
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| !Affricate
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| |/ts/ ⟨c⟩
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| |/tʃ/ ⟨č⟩
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| |/cç/ ⟨q⟩
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| |-
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| !Liquid
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| |/l/
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| |/ɻ/ ⟨r⟩
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| |/j/ ⟨y⟩
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| |/w/
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| |}
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| [dz] and [dʒ] are used in onset position, while [z] and [ʒ] are used in coda position<br>
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| ===Vowels===
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| Kyawcenni uses following vowels:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| !-
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| !Unrounded
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| !Unrounded 2
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| !Rounded
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| !Rounded 2
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| |-
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| !Close
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| |/i/ ⟨i⟩
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| |/y/ ⟨u⟩
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| |-
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| !Near-close
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| |/eː/ ⟨ê⟩
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| |/ɚ/ ⟨ę⟩
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| |/oː/ ⟨ô⟩
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| |-
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| !Open-mid
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| |/ɛ/ ⟨e, ai⟩¹
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| |/ɛː/ ⟨ai⟩
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| |/ɔ/ ⟨o, au⟩¹
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| |/ɔː/ ⟨au⟩
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| |-
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| !Open
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| |/a/ [a], [ə] ⟨a⟩
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| |}
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| ¹ In the beginning of a word or in monosyllabic words, <ai> and <au> are pronounced as [ɛ] and [ɔ] respectively. The digraphic spellings are usually used in shorter or more commonly used words.
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| === Stress ===
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| Stress in Kyawcenni mostly depends on the vowel.
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| If a word includes one <ai> or <au>, the stress is on that vowel.
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| If the word instead has one <ê> or <ô>, the stress is on that vowel.
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| If the word doesn’t have any of the previously mentioned properties, stress is on the first syllable.
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|
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| ==Phonotactics==
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| Excluding vowels, a syllable can start with the following consonants:<br>
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| p b t d m n s ts z l ʃ tʃ ʒ ç cç k χ ɡ j w ɻ<br>
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| Excluding vowels, a syllable can end in the following consonants:<br>
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| m n s ts z ʃ tʃ ʒ ç χ ŋ j w ɻ<br>
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| If none of them appear directly before or after each other, following consonants can be used between consonant and vowel:<br>
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| j w ɻ<br>
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| A syllable can also begin with vowels, but it cannot begin with:<br>
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| y i ɛː ɔː<br>
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| /cçj-/ or /çj-/ are not allowed before /eː/, /y/ or /i/<br>
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| /cç/ and /ç/ are not allowed before /w, ɻ/ in the same syllable<br>
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| /ɻ/ or /ɚ/ next to /l/ is not possible<br>
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| A postalveolar consonant before /j, w, ɻ/ is not possible<br>
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| /ɻ/ and /ɚ/ cannot appear in the same syllable
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| /ɡ/ cannot appear before <e>, <ê>, <ai>, <i>, <y>
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| == Syntax ==
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| The Syntax of Kyawcenni follows VSO word order by standard, but it is not strict. In speech and poetry other word orders can be found as well.<br>
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| Adjective and adposition appear after the noun they modify.
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| == Morphology ==
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| Kyawcenni words can be combined without a space, with the first word often being shortened to only one syllable:<br>
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| ''Jongyitęnar = Ætérnalism''<br>
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| (First syllable of jonggyaw = religion + nominative of yitęnar = Ætérnal)
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| === Nouns ===
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| Kyawcenni has four cases in total:
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| Nominative
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| Genitive-Dative
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| Accusative
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| Vocative
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| ====Nominalization====
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| Adjectives and verbs can be turned into nouns by adding the -nu suffix.
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| ====Nominative====
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| The Nominative case doesn’t have any ending, not sure what else to say here:<br>
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| cun, bwis, bim, awč, kyaw, nawiy, gešeng
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| ====Genitive-Dative====
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| The Genitive-Dative case is used for indirect objects and after prepositions.<br>
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| It is formed by adding a -ne suffix:<br>
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| ''cunne, bwisne, bimne, awčne, kyawne, nawiyne''<br>
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| Except for words ending in -ng, which changes to -nne,<br>
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| ''gešenne''<br>
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| for words ending in -na, which is shortened to -n-<br>
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| ''Botswaunne''<br>
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| and for some geographic names ending in -w and -y, which become -we and -ye respectively.<br>
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| ''Yikowe, Hweye''
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| ====Accusative====
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| The Accusative case is formed by adding a -ni suffix:<br>
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| ''cunni, bwisni, bimni, awčni''<br>
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| Except for words ending in -ng, after which -gi is added:<br>
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| ''gešenggi''<br>
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| And words ending in -w or -y, after which just -i is added:<br>
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| ''kyawi, nawiyi''<br>
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| and for words ending in -na, which is shortened to -n-<br>
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| ''Botswaunni''
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| ====Vocative====
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| The Vocative case is formed by adding a -ne suffix:<br>
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| ''cunne, bwisne, bimne, awčne''<br>
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| Except for words ending in -ng, after which -ge is added:<br>
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| ''gešengge''<br>
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| And words ending in -w or -y, after which just -e is added:<br>
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| ''kyawe, nawiye''<br>
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| and for words ending in -na, which is shortened to -n-<br>
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| ''Botswaunne''
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| ===Verbs===
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| There are three suffixes that can be added to verbs in the following order:
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| '''Assumption:''' -si ''benzang'' → ''benzangsi'' x ≈ I assume x calculates<br>
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| '''Subjunctive:''' -ga ''benzang'' → ''benzangga'' x ≈ x would calculate<br>
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| '''Past:''' -dah ''benzang'' → ''benzangdah'' x ≈ x calculated
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| Those can also be combined:<br>
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| ''benzang'' → ''benzangsigadah'' ≈ I assume x would have calculated
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| Transitive verbs usually end in -em, -en or -me. Those suffixes are omitted in the conjugated form.
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| Exceptions:
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| There are some exceptions for verbs that don’t just add suffixes, but change their stem:<br>
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| ''bęč'' (walk) → ''bih'' in Past tense, not ''bęčdah''
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| ===Adjectives===
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| For comparatives, you just double the last syllable of the adjective:
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| '''paš''' (good) → '''pašpaš''' (better)
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| For superlatives, you just add ''najne'' (''all'' in genitive case) after the comparative form.
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| ===Vocabulary===
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| ''Main article: [[Kyawcenni vocabulary]]''
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| [[Category:Language]]
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| [[Category:Kyaw Cen]]
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