Kathyrian: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language|name=Kathyrian|family=Kathyric|era=today|scripts=[[Kathyrian alphabet]]|country=Kathyria|demonym=Kathyrian|endonym={{script|script=kathyr|t=Cäþiriacen}} ''Cäþiriacen''|number=1}}
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'''Kathyrian Urmhu''' (natively {{script|script=kathyr|t=Cäþiriacen Urmhu}} [kəθɪjˈjɑkɛn ʊɰˈmu]) is a language spoken in [[Kathyria, the Anarchic Queendom of|Kathyria]]. It is the revised version of Kathyrian. It officially uses the [[Kathyrian alphabet]].
Reason: retcon
 
== Phonology ==
Kathyrian is analyzed to have 30 consonants and 9 vowels. The consonant inventory is as follows:  
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" |
!labial
!coronal
!palatal
!velar
!uvular
!glottal
|-
| colspan="2" |nasal
|m
|n
|ɲ
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |stop
|voiceless
|p
|t
|
|k
|
|
|-
|sibilant
|p͡s
|t͡s
|t͡ʃ
|k͡s
|
|
|-
|voiced
|b
|d
|d͡ʒ
|g
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |fricative
|voiceless
|f
|θ
|
|
|χ
|h
|-
|sibilant
|
|s
|ʃ
|
|
|
|-
|lateral
|
|ɬ
|
|
|
|
|-
|voiced
|v
|ð
|
|ɣ
|ʁ
|
|-
|voiced sibilant
|
|z
|ʒ
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="2" |approximant
|w
|l
|j
|(w)
|
|
|}
And the vowel inventory is:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!front
!back
|-
|high oral
|i
|u
|-
|high nasal
|ĩ̞
|ũ̞
|-
|mid
|e
|o
|-
|low oral
|æ
|ɑ
|-
|low nasal
| colspan="2" |ã̞
|}
Stress is placed on the final syllable if it is open and has a non-low vowel. Otherwise, stress falls on the penultimate syllable. Monosyllabic words are always stressed.
 
== Orthography ==
Kathyrian has its own alphabet. The alphabet has two forms for each letter: one for the start of proper nouns and sentences (as well as each letter in an initialism), and one for every other situation. All three common orthographies are described in the table below. In the Anglo orthography, clusters are broken up with apostrophes where they might be confused with digraphs.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!phoneme
! colspan="2" |native
! colspan="2" |mixed
! colspan="2" |anglo
|-
|m
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=M}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=m}}
|M
|m
|M
|m
|-
|n
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=N}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=n}}
|N
|n
|N
|n
|-
|ɲ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ñ}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ñ}}
|Ñ
|ñ
|Ny
|ny
|-
|p
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=P}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=p}}
|P
|p
|P
|p
|-
|t
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=T}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=t}}
|T
|t
|T
|t
|-
|k
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=C}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=c}}
|C
|c
|K
|k
|-
|p͡s
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=W}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=w}}
|Ψ
|ψ
|Ps
|ps
|-
|t͡s
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ç}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ç}}
|Ʒ
|ʒ
|Ts
|ts
|-
|t͡ʃ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ċ}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ċ}}
|Ċ
|ċ
|Ch
|ch
|-
|k͡s
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=X}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=x}}
|X
|x
|X
|x
|-
|b
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=B}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=b}}
|B
|b
|B
|b
|-
|d
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=D}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=d}}
|D
|d
|D
|d
|-
|d͡ʒ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ġ}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ġ}}
|Ġ
|ġ
|J
|j
|-
|g
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=G}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=g}}
|G
|g
|G
|g
|-
|f
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=F}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=f}}
|F
|f
|F
|f
|-
|θ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Þ}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=þ}}
|Þ
|þ
|Th
|th
|-
|χ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Qh}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=qh}}
|Qh
|qh
|Qh
|qh
|-
|h
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=H}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=h}}
|H
|h
|H
|h
|-
|s
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=&}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ß}}
|ẞ
|ß
|Ss
|ss
|-
|ʃ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ṡ}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ṡ}}
|Ṡ
|ṡ
|Sh
|sh
|-
|ɬ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ŀ}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ŀ}}
|Λ
|λ
|Lh
|lh
|-
|v
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=V}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=v}}
|V
|v
|V
|v
|-
|ð
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ð}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ð}}
|Ð
|ð
|Dh
|dh
|-
|ɣ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ğ}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ğ}}
|Ƣ
|ƣ
|Gh
|gh
|-
|ʁ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=R}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=r}}
|R
|r
|R
|r
|-
|z
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Z}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=z}}
|Z
|z
|Z
|z
|-
|ʒ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ż}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ż}}
|Ż
|ż
|Zh
|zh
|-
|w
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=U}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=u}}
|U
|u
|W
|w
|-
|l
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=L}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=l}}
|L
|l
|L
|l
|-
|j
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=I}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=i}}
|I
|i
|Y
|y
|-
|s~z
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=S}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=s}}
|S
|s
|S
|s
|-
|i
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=I}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=i}}
|I
|i
|I
|i
|-
|u
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=U}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=u}}
|U
|u
|U
|u
|-
|ĩ̞
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Į}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=į}}
|Į
|į
|In
|in
|-
|ũ̞
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ų}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ų}}
|Ų
|ų
|Un
|un
|-
|e
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=E}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=e}}
|E
|e
|E
|e
|-
|o
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=O}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=o}}
|O
|o
|O
|o
|-
|æ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ä}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ä}}
|Ä
|ä
|Ae
|ae
|-
|ɑ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=A}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=a}}
|A
|a
|A
|a
|-
|ã̞
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ą}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ą}}
|Ą
|ą
|An
|an
|}
The mixed orthography will be used for the rest of this page.
 
== Grammar ==
 
=== Syntax ===
Kathyrian is a null copula language. The word order is "addressee, questionparticle verb subject object". Generally, the head of a noun or verb phrase is at the start of the phrase; however, the adposition is a preposition. A numeral before a noun indicates the cardinal form, and a numeral after indicates the ordinal form.
 
=== Morphology ===
Nouns are formed by attaching any of the four noun suffixes, depending on the situation:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!singular
!plural
|-
|definite
| -n / -en
| -es
|-
|indefinite
| -a
| -s / -as
|}
Verbs are formed by altering the last vowel of the word. The exact change depends on what the original vowel was.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!i, į, e
!perfective
!imperfective
|-
|past
|e
|į
|-
|present
|o
|ų
|-
|future
|ä
|ą
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!u, ų, o
!perfective
!imperfective
|-
|past
|o
|ų
|-
|present
|a
|ą
|-
|future
|e
|į
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!ä, a, ą
!perfective
!imperfective
|-
|past
|a
| rowspan="2" |ą
|-
|present
|ä
|-
|future
|i
|į
|}
Adjectives are formed using the suffix -c / -įc. Words that are inherently adjectives don't need this suffix. A word's meaning is negated by reduplicating the final syllable. The diminutive can be formed by either attaching the suffix -l / -el or by dropping unstressed syllables. The augmentative is formed by using the suffix -ψ / -oψ.
 
=== Pronouns ===
Kathyrian has four persons (the speaker, the listener, a third party, someone/something being asked about) and temporal pronouns. The temporal pronouns simply refer to a point in time. Below is a pronoun table.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" |
!singular
!plural
|-
| rowspan="2" |1st
|inclusive
| rowspan="2" |mi
|fti
|-
|exclusive
|vi
|-
| rowspan="3" |2nd
|formal
|voß
|vos
|-
|informal
|tu
|tus
|-
|intimate
|u
|us
|-
| rowspan="3" |3rd
|positive
|ψi
| rowspan="3" |sis
|-
|neutral
|ʒi
|-
|negative
|xi
|-
| rowspan="3" |4th
|personal
|huu
| rowspan="2" |huaψ
|-
|impersonal
|qhar
|-
|indefinite
|huor
|huors
|-
| colspan="2" |temporal
|erhra
|erhras
|}
In the third person pronouns, “positive”, “neutral”, and “negative” refer to the speaker’s opinion of the person or thing being referenced.
[[Category:Language]]

Latest revision as of 01:00, 6 April 2026

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