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| Kathyrian Urmhu (natively {{script|script=kathyr|t=Cäþiriacen Urmhu}} [kəθɪjˈjɑkɛn ˈʊɰmʊ]) is a language spoken in Kathyria. It is the revised version of Kathyrian. It officially uses the Kathyrian alphabet.
| | {{Delete me}} |
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| == Phonology ==
| | Reason: retcon |
| Kathyrian is analyzed to have 30 consonants and 9 vowels. The consonant inventory is as follows:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+
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| ! colspan="2" |
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| !labial
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| !coronal
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| !palatal
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| !velar
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| !uvular
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| !glottal
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| |-
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| | colspan="2" |nasal
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| |m
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| |n
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| |ɲ
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
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| | rowspan="3" |stop
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| |voiceless
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| |p
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| |t
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| |
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| |k
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| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
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| |sibilant
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| |p͡s
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| |t͡s
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| |t͡ʃ
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| |k͡s
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| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
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| |voiced
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| |b
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| |d
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| |d͡ʒ
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| |g
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| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
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| | rowspan="5" |fricative
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| |voiceless
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| |f
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| |θ
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| |
| |
| |
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| |χ
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| |h
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| |-
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| |sibilant
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| |
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| |s
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| |ʃ
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| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
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| |-
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| |lateral
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| |
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| |ɬ
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| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
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| |-
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| |voiced
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| |v
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| |ð
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| |
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| |ɣ
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| |ʁ
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| |
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| |-
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| |voiced sibilant
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| |
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| |z
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| |ʒ
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| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
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| |-
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| | colspan="2" |approximant
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| |w
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| |l
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| |j
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| |(w)
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| |
| |
| |
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| |}
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| And the vowel inventory is:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+
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| !
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| !front
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| !back
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| |-
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| |high oral
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| |i
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| |u
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| |-
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| |high nasal
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| |ĩ
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| |ũ
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| |-
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| |mid
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| |e
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| |o
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| |-
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| |low oral
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| |æ
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| |ɑ
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| |-
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| |low nasal
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| | colspan="2" |ã
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| |}
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| Stress is placed on the final syllable if it is open and has a non-low vowel. Otherwise, stress falls on the penultimate syllable. Monosyllabic words are always stressed.
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| | |
| == Orthography ==
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| Kathyrian has its own alphabet. The alphabet has two forms for each letter: one for the start of proper nouns and sentences (as well as each letter in an initialism), and one for every other situation. The romanization of each letter is listed beside it.
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+
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| !phoneme
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| ! colspan="2" |native
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| ! colspan="2" |mixed
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| ! colspan="2" |ascii
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| |-
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| |m
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=M}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=m}}
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| |M
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| |m
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| |M
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| |m
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| |-
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| |n
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=N}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=n}}
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| |N
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| |n
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| |N
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| |n
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| |-
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| |ɲ
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ñ}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=ñ}}
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| |Ñ
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| |ñ
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| |Ny
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| |ny
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| |-
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| |p
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=P}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=p}}
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| |P
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| |p
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| |P
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| |p
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| |-
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| |t
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=T}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=t}}
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| |T
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| |t
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| |T
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| |t
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| |-
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| |k
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=C}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=c}}
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| |C
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| |c
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| |K
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| |k
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| |-
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| |p͡s
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=W}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=w}}
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| |Ψ
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| |ψ
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| |Ps
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| |ps
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| |-
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| |t͡s
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ç}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=ç}}
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| |Ʒ
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| |ʒ
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| |Ts
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| |ts
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| |-
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| |t͡ʃ
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ċ}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=ċ}}
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| |Ċ
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| |ċ
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| |Ch
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| |ch
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| |-
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| |k͡s
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=X}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=x}}
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| |X
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| |x
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| |X
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| |x
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| |-
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| |b
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=B}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=b}}
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| |B
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| |b
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| |B
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| |b
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| |-
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| |d
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=D}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=d}}
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| |D
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| |d
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| |D
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| |d
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| |-
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| |d͡ʒ
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ġ}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=ġ}}
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| |Ġ
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| |ġ
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| |J
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| |j
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| |-
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| |g
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=G}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=g}}
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| |G
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| |g
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| |G
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| |g
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| |-
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| |f
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=F}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=f}}
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| |F
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| |f
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| |F
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| |f
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| |-
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| |θ
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=Þ}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=þ}}
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| |Þ
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| |þ
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| |Th
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| |th
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| |-
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| |χ
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=Qh}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=qh}}
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| |Qh
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| |qh
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| |Qh
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| |qh
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| |-
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| |h
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=H}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=h}}
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| |H
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| |h
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| |H
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| |h
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| |-
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| |s
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=S}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=s}}
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| |S
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| |s
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| |S
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| |s
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| |-
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| |ʃ
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ṡ}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=ṡ}}
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| |Ṡ
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| |ṡ
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| |Sh
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| |sh
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| |-
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| |ɬ
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ŀ}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=ŀ}}
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| |Λ
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| |λ
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| |Lh
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| |lh
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| |-
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| |v
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=V}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=v}}
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| |V
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| |v
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| |V
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| |v
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| |-
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| |ð
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ð}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=ð}}
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| |Ð
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| |ð
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| |Dh
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| |dh
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| |-
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| |ɣ
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ğ}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ğ}}
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| |Ƣ
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| |ƣ
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| |Gh
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| |gh
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| |-
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| |ʁ
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=R}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=r}}
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| |R
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| |r
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| |R
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| |r
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| |-
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| |z
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=Z}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=z}}
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| |Z
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| |z
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| |Z
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| |z
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| |-
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| |ʒ
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ż}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=ż}}
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| |Ż
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| |ż
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| |Zh
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| |zh
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| |-
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| |w
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=U}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=u}}
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| |U
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| |u
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| |W
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| |w
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| |-
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| |l
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=L}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=l}}
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| |L
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| |l
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| |L
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| |l
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| |-
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| |j
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=I}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=i}}
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| |I
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| |i
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| |Y
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| |y
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| |-
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| |i
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=I}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=i}}
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| |I
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| |i
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| |I
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| |i
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| |-
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| |u
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=U}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=u}}
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| |U
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| |u
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| |U
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| |u
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| |-
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| |ĩ
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=Į}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=į}}
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| |Į
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| |į
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| |In
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| |in
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| |-
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| |ũ
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ų}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=ų}}
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| |Ų
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| |ų
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| |Un
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| |un
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| |-
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| |e
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=E}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=e}}
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| |E
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| |e
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| |E
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| |e
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| |-
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| |o
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=O}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=o}}
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| |O
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| |o
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| |O
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| |o
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| |-
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| |æ
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ä}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=ä}}
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| |Ä
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| |ä
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| |Ae
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| |ae
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| |-
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| |ɑ
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=A}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=a}}
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| |A
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| |a
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| |A
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| |a
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| |-
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| |ã
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ą}}
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| |{{script|script=kathyr|t=ą}}
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| |Ą
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| |ą
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| |An
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| |an
| |
| |}
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| The mixed orthography will be used for the rest of this page.
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| == Grammar ==
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| === Syntax ===
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| Kathyrian is a null copula language. The word order is "addressee, questionparticle verb subject object". Generally, the head of a noun or verb phrase is at the start of the phrase; however, the adposition is a preposition. A numeral before a noun indicates the cardinal form, and a numeral after indicates the ordinal form.
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| === Morphology ===
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| Nouns are formed by attaching any of the four noun suffixes, depending on the situation:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+
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| !
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| !singular
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| !plural
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| |-
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| |definite
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| | -n / -en
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| | -es
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| |-
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| |indefinite
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| | -a
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| | -s / -as
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| |}
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| Verbs are formed by altering the last vowel of the word. The exact change depends on what the original vowel was.
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+
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| !i, į, e
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| !perfective
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| !imperfective
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| |-
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| |past
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| |e
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| |į
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| |-
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| |present
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| |o
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| |ų
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| |-
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| |future
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| |ä
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| |ą
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| |}
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+
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| !u, ų, o
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| !perfective
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| !imperfective
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| |-
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| |past
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| |o
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| |ų
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| |-
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| |present
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| |a
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| |ą
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| |-
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| |future
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| |e
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| |į
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| |}
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+
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| !ä, a, ą
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| !perfective
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| !imperfective
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| |-
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| |past
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| |a
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| | rowspan="2" |ą
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| |-
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| |present
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| |ä
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| |-
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| |future
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| |i
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| |į
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| |}
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Warning: