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  This article is a work in progress.
  This article is a work in progress.
{{Infobox|
{{Infobox|
{{Infobox/above|{{{name|Daekuu<br>''ɢǀáe̠ʰkúuʰ''}}}|style=background:#76ff7a}}
{{Infobox/above|{{{name|Daekuu<br>''ɢǀáeˤʰkúuʰ''}}}|style=background:#76ff7a}}
{{Infobox/row|Language family|{{{family|[[Deep Dimensional]]}}}}}
{{Infobox/row|Language family|{{{family|[[Deep Dimensional]]}}}}}
{{Infobox/row|Early form(s)|{{{early-forms|}}}}}
{{Infobox/row|Early form(s)|{{{early-forms|}}}}}
Line 18: Line 18:
{{Infobox/row|Language code|{{{lang-code|DKU}}}}}
{{Infobox/row|Language code|{{{lang-code|DKU}}}}}
}}
}}
'''Daekuu''' ([[English|ᴇɴɢ]]: /daɪ̯.kuː/), or '''ɢǀáe̠ʰkúuʰ''' (ᴅᴋᴜ: [ɢ͡ǀá̤é̤ˤkṳ́ː]), is a click language whose phonology is heavily inspired by [[w:Taa_language|!Xóõ]], a language spoken in [[w:Namibia|Namibia]] and [[w:Botswana|Botswana]]. It suddenly appeared in [[Nguhcraft]] without explanation. The [[Realm of Madness]] attributes this and the sudden appearance of the [[KWMs]] language as the result of a invasion of untraceable languages from another dimension. Languages from this dimension are described as descending from a linguistic anomaly, possibly a proto-language, called [[Deep Dimensional]].  
'''Daekuu''' ([[English|ᴇɴɢ]]: /daɪ̯.kuː/), or '''ɢǀáeˤʰkúuʰ''' (ᴅᴋᴜ: [ɢ͡ǀá̤é̤ˤkṳ́ː]), is a click language whose phonology is heavily inspired by [[w:Taa_language|!Xóõ]] and [[w:Khoekhoe_language#Phonology|Khoekhoe]]. It suddenly appeared in [[Nguhcraft]] without explanation. The [[Realm of Madness]] attributes this and the sudden appearance of the [[KWMs]] language as the result of a invasion of untraceable languages from another dimension. Languages from this dimension are described as descending from a linguistic anomaly, possibly a proto-language, called [[Deep Dimensional]].  


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==


=== Pulmonic & Glottalic Consonants ===
=== Non-Click Consonants ===
There are 72 non-click consonants. Most plosives and affricates have only specific vowel phonations they can precede. Some have voicing allophony depending on which vowel phonations they precede.
There are 72 non-click consonants. Most plosives and affricates have only specific vowel phonations they can precede. Some have voicing allophony depending on which vowel phonations they precede.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 262: Line 262:


=== Click Consonants ===
=== Click Consonants ===
There are 110 click consonants.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
Line 430: Line 431:


=== Vowels ===
=== Vowels ===
Daekuu uses the 5-vowel system /i e a u o/. All of them can be nasalized /ĩ ẽ ã ũ õ/, pharyngealized /iˤ eˤ aˤ uˤ oˤ/, breathy /i̤ e̤ a̤ ṳ o̤/, or creaky /ḭ ḛ a̰ ṵ o̰/. All voice qualities can be combined except for breathy and creaky.
=== Tones ===
There are 6 phonemic tones, 3 level tones: high /◌́/, mid /◌̄/, low /◌̀/, and 3 contour tones falling /◌̂/, mid falling /◌᷆/, and low rising /◌᷅/. The phonation of the following consonant can create allophonic variation in these tones. Preceding a tenuis or aspirated consonant, the high, falling, and low rising tones become extra-high [◌̋], high falling [◌᷇], and rising [◌̌]. Preceding a voiced, glottalized, or ejective consonant, the low and low rising tones become extra-low [◌̏] and low [◌̀]. Preceding an implosive consonant, the high, mid, low, and low rising tones become mid [◌̄], low [◌̀], extra-low [◌̏], and peaking [◌᷈].
== Romanization ==
Phonemes are mostly romanized as their IPA transcription, however there are a few changes that need to be made.
'''Consonants:'''
# ⟨ŋ̊⟩ is removed
# ⟨ɕ⟩ is removed
# all combining diacritics are removed
# ⟨ʟ̝̊⟩ is replaced with ⟨x⟩
# ⟨ˀ⟩ is replaced with ⟨ʼ⟩
# ⟨σ⟩ is replaced with ⟨sf⟩
# ⟨ɾ⟩ may be optionally replaced with ⟨r⟩
'''Vowels:'''
# ⟨◌̤⟩ is replaced with ⟨◌ʰ⟩
# ⟨◌̰⟩ is replaced with ⟨◌ʼ⟩
'''Tones:'''
# ⟨◌̄⟩ is removed
# ⟨◌᷆⟩ is replaced with ⟨◌̄⟩
# ⟨◌᷅⟩ is replaced with ⟨◌̌⟩
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
!IPA
! colspan="2" |Oral
!Romanization
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|-
! rowspan="2" |
|/̬b̥ʰ/
! colspan="2" |H
|bʰ
! colspan="2" |M
|-
! colspan="2" |L
|/̬d̥ʰ/, /̬d̥ʼ/
|dʰ, dʼ
|-
|/̬d̥sʰ/, /̬d̥sʼ/
|dsʰ, dsʼ
|-
|/̬ɢ̥ʼ/, /̬ɢ̥χʰ/, /̬ɢ̥χʼ/
|ɢʼ, ɢχʰ, ɢχʼ
|-
|/̬g̊Ʞʰ/, /̬g̊Ʞxʰ/, /̬g̊Ʞˀ/
|gꞰʰ, gꞰxʰ, gꞰ’
|-
|/̬Ʞg̊’/
|Ʞg’
|-
|/A͡B/ (coarticulations)
|AB
|-
|/kʟ̝̊ʼ/
|kxʼ
|-
|/̬g̊ʼ/, /̬g̊xʰ/, /̬g̊ʟ̝̊ʼ/
|gʼ, gxʰ, gxʼ
|-
|/cɕ/, /cɕʰ/, /cɕʼ/
|c, cʰ, cʼ
|-
|/ɟɕʰ/, /ɟɕʼ/
|ɟʰ, ɟʼ
|-
|/ŋ̊Ʞʰ/, /ɴ̥Ʞʜ/
|Ʞʰ, Ʞʜ
|-
|/ŋ̊Ʞˀ/
|Ʞʼ
|-
|/σ/
|sf
|-
|/ɾ/
|r / ɾ
|-
|/V̤/
|Vʰ
|-
|-
!Front
|/V̰/
!Back
|Vʼ
!Front
!Back
!H
!L
!M
!L
!M
!L
|-
|-
!Close
|/V̄/
|i
|V
|u
|ĩ
|ũ
!Breathy
|á̤
|â̤
|ā̤
|a̤᷆
|a̤᷅
|à̤
|-
|-
!Mid
|/V᷆/
|e
|V̄
|o
|ẽ
|õ
!Modal
|á
|â
|ā
|a᷆
|a᷅
|à
|-
|-
!Open
|/V᷅/
| colspan="2" |a
|V̌
| colspan="2" |ã
!Creaky
|á̰
|â̰
|ā̰
|a̰᷆
|a̰᷅
|à̰
|}
|}
In linguistic notation, a ring diacritic is placed above vowels to indicate tonal neutrality: /i e a u o/ ⟨ı̊ e̊ å ů o̊⟩.


== Romanization ==
If a consonant cluster may be mistaken for a polygraph, a hyphen is added wherever best avoids ambiguity. For example, one may distinguish /gxʰ/ from /̬g̊xʰ/ by writing the former as ⟨g-xʰ⟩ and the latter as ⟨gxʰ⟩.


== Syntax ==
== Syntax ==

Revision as of 20:46, 27 November 2024

This article is a work in progress.

Daekuu
ɢǀáeˤʰkúuʰ
Language familyDeep Dimensional
Writing systemLatin (nonstandard IPA)
Official status
Spoken inRealm of Madness
Speaker
Number of speakers0
Technical information
UsageInvasive language
Language codeDKU

Daekuu (ᴇɴɢ: /daɪ̯.kuː/), or ɢǀáeˤʰkúuʰ (ᴅᴋᴜ: [ɢ͡ǀá̤é̤ˤkṳ́ː]), is a click language whose phonology is heavily inspired by !Xóõ and Khoekhoe. It suddenly appeared in Nguhcraft without explanation. The Realm of Madness attributes this and the sudden appearance of the KWMs language as the result of a invasion of untraceable languages from another dimension. Languages from this dimension are described as descending from a linguistic anomaly, possibly a proto-language, called Deep Dimensional.

Phonology

Non-Click Consonants

There are 72 non-click consonants. Most plosives and affricates have only specific vowel phonations they can precede. Some have voicing allophony depending on which vowel phonations they precede.

Bilabial Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Epiglottal Glottal
Vcls Vcd Vcls Vcd Vcls Vcd Vcls Vcd Vcls Vcd Vcls Vcd Vcls Vcd
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ ɴ
Plosive Plain p b t d ɟ k g q ɢ ʡ ʔ
Aspirated ̬b̥ʰ tʰ ̬d̥ʰ
Ejective tʼ ̬d̥ʼ kʼ ̬g̊ʼ qʼ ̬ɢ̥ʼ
Implosive ƥ ɓ ƭ ɗ ʄ
Affricate Plain dz tʃ dʒ cɕ
Aspirated tsʰ ̬d̥sʰ cɕʰ ɟɕʰ kxʰ ̬g̊xʰ qχʰ ̬ɢ̥χʰ
Ejective tsʼ ̬d̥sʼ cɕʼ ɟɕʼ kʟ̝̊ʼ ̬g̊ʟ̝̊ʼ qχʼ ̬ɢ̥χʼ
Fricative Plain s x χ ʜ ʢ h
Aspirated sʰ xʰ
Ejective sʼ xʼ
Liquid ɬ l ɾ
Coarticulates ŋ͡m t͡p d͡b k͡p k͡t k͡tχʰ k͡txʼ σ w

Click Consonants

There are 110 click consonants.

Bilabial Dental Alveolar Lateral Palatal
Velar Uvular Velar Uvular Velar Uvular Velar Uvular Velar Uvular
Nasal Plain ŋʘ ɴʘ ŋǀ ɴǀ ŋǃ ɴǃ ŋǁ ɴǁ ŋǂ ɴǂ
Aspirated ŋ̊ʘʰ ɴ̥ʘʜ ŋ̊ǀʰ ɴ̥ǀʜ ŋ̊ǃʰ ɴ̥ǃʜ ŋ̊ǁʰ ɴ̥ǁʜ ŋ̊ǂʰ ɴ̥ǂʜ
Glottalized ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ
Voiceless Oral Plain kʘ qʘ kǀ qǀ kǃ qǃ kǁ qǁ kǂ qǂ
Delayed ʘq ǀq ǃq ǁq ǂq
Affricate kʘx qʘχ kǀx qǀχ kǃx qǃχ kǁx qǁχ kǂx qǂχ
Ejective kʘxʼ qʘχʼ kǀxʼ qǀχʼ kǃxʼ qǃχʼ kǁxʼ qǁχʼ kǂxʼ qǂχʼ
Voiced Oral Plain gʘ ɢʘ gǀ ɢǀ gǃ ɢǃ gǁ ɢǁ gǂ ɢǂ
Aspirated ̬g̊ʘʰ ̬ɢ̥ʘʰ ̬g̊ǀʰ ̬ɢ̥ǀʰ ̬g̊ǃʰ ̬ɢ̥ǃʰ ̬g̊ǁʰ ̬ɢ̥ǁʰ ̬g̊ǂʰ ̬ɢ̥ǂʰ
Glottalized ̬g̊ʘˀ ̬ɢ̥ʘˀ ̬g̊ǀˀ ̬ɢ̥ǀˀ ̬g̊ǃˀ ̬ɢ̥ǃˀ ̬g̊ǁˀ ̬ɢ̥ǁˀ ̬g̊ǂˀ ̬ɢ̥ǂˀ
Affricate ̬g̊ʘxʰ ̬ɢ̥ʘχʰ ̬g̊ǀxʰ ̬ɢ̥ǀχʰ ̬g̊ǃxʰ ̬ɢ̥ǃχʰ ̬g̊ǁxʰ ̬ɢ̥ǁχʰ ̬g̊ǂxʰ ̬ɢ̥ǂχʰ
Ejective ̬ʘg̊’ ̬ʘɢ̥’ ̬ǀg̊’ ̬ǀɢ̥’ ̬ǃg̊’ ̬ǃɢ̥’ ̬ǁg̊’ ̬ǁɢ̥’ ̬ǂg̊’ ̬ǂɢ̥’

Vowels

Daekuu uses the 5-vowel system /i e a u o/. All of them can be nasalized /ĩ ẽ ã ũ õ/, pharyngealized /iˤ eˤ aˤ uˤ oˤ/, breathy /i̤ e̤ a̤ ṳ o̤/, or creaky /ḭ ḛ a̰ ṵ o̰/. All voice qualities can be combined except for breathy and creaky.

Tones

There are 6 phonemic tones, 3 level tones: high /◌́/, mid /◌̄/, low /◌̀/, and 3 contour tones falling /◌̂/, mid falling /◌᷆/, and low rising /◌᷅/. The phonation of the following consonant can create allophonic variation in these tones. Preceding a tenuis or aspirated consonant, the high, falling, and low rising tones become extra-high [◌̋], high falling [◌᷇], and rising [◌̌]. Preceding a voiced, glottalized, or ejective consonant, the low and low rising tones become extra-low [◌̏] and low [◌̀]. Preceding an implosive consonant, the high, mid, low, and low rising tones become mid [◌̄], low [◌̀], extra-low [◌̏], and peaking [◌᷈].

Romanization

Phonemes are mostly romanized as their IPA transcription, however there are a few changes that need to be made.

Consonants:

  1. ⟨ŋ̊⟩ is removed
  2. ⟨ɕ⟩ is removed
  3. all combining diacritics are removed
  4. ⟨ʟ̝̊⟩ is replaced with ⟨x⟩
  5. ⟨ˀ⟩ is replaced with ⟨ʼ⟩
  6. ⟨σ⟩ is replaced with ⟨sf⟩
  7. ⟨ɾ⟩ may be optionally replaced with ⟨r⟩

Vowels:

  1. ⟨◌̤⟩ is replaced with ⟨◌ʰ⟩
  2. ⟨◌̰⟩ is replaced with ⟨◌ʼ⟩

Tones:

  1. ⟨◌̄⟩ is removed
  2. ⟨◌᷆⟩ is replaced with ⟨◌̄⟩
  3. ⟨◌᷅⟩ is replaced with ⟨◌̌⟩
IPA Romanization
/̬b̥ʰ/ bʰ
/̬d̥ʰ/, /̬d̥ʼ/ dʰ, dʼ
/̬d̥sʰ/, /̬d̥sʼ/ dsʰ, dsʼ
/̬ɢ̥ʼ/, /̬ɢ̥χʰ/, /̬ɢ̥χʼ/ ɢʼ, ɢχʰ, ɢχʼ
/̬g̊Ʞʰ/, /̬g̊Ʞxʰ/, /̬g̊Ʞˀ/ gꞰʰ, gꞰxʰ, gꞰ’
/̬Ʞg̊’/ Ʞg’
/A͡B/ (coarticulations) AB
/kʟ̝̊ʼ/ kxʼ
/̬g̊ʼ/, /̬g̊xʰ/, /̬g̊ʟ̝̊ʼ/ gʼ, gxʰ, gxʼ
/cɕ/, /cɕʰ/, /cɕʼ/ c, cʰ, cʼ
/ɟɕʰ/, /ɟɕʼ/ ɟʰ, ɟʼ
/ŋ̊Ʞʰ/, /ɴ̥Ʞʜ/ Ʞʰ, Ʞʜ
/ŋ̊Ʞˀ/ Ʞʼ
/σ/ sf
/ɾ/ r / ɾ
/V̤/ Vʰ
/V̰/ Vʼ
/V̄/ V
/V᷆/ V̄
/V᷅/ V̌

In linguistic notation, a ring diacritic is placed above vowels to indicate tonal neutrality: /i e a u o/ ⟨ı̊ e̊ å ů o̊⟩.

If a consonant cluster may be mistaken for a polygraph, a hyphen is added wherever best avoids ambiguity. For example, one may distinguish /gxʰ/ from /̬g̊xʰ/ by writing the former as ⟨g-xʰ⟩ and the latter as ⟨gxʰ⟩.

Syntax

Morphology

Lexicon

Translations

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