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|-
|-
|''pcīxix''
|''pcīxix''
|kʘīʔīʔ  
|ipa{{kʘīʔīʔ}}
|computer mouse
|computer mouse
|-
|-
|''tqụ́ụ̀x''
|''tqụ́ụ̀x''
|kǃɨ́ɨ̀ʔ  
|ipa{{kǃɨ́ɨ̀ʔ  
|computer
|computer
|-
|-
|''nłòōnx''
|''nłòōnx''
|ŋǁõ̀ȭʔ  
|ipa{{ŋǁõ̀ȭʔ  
|table, artificial small area for seating
|table, artificial small area for seating
|-
|-
|''nłòōn''
|''nłòōn''
|ŋǁõ̀ȭ
|ipa{{ŋǁõ̀ȭ
|area for seating
|area for seating
|-
|-
|''nłòōnn''
|''nłòōnn''
|ŋǁõ̀ȭn
|ipa{{ŋǁõ̀ȭn
|field, natural large area for seating
|field, natural large area for seating
|-
|-
|''ùrū''
|''ùrū''
|ùɾū  
|ipa{{ùɾū  
|person, ape, humanoid
|person, ape, humanoid
|-
|-
|''ùrū''
|''ùrū''
|ùɾū
|ipa{{ùɾū
|robot
|robot
|-
|-
|''dłē''
|''dłē''
|gǁē
|ipa{{gǁē
|brain
|brain
|-
|-
|''dłēx''
|''dłēx''
|ɡǁēʔ
|ipa{{ɡǁēʔ
|artificial intelligence
|artificial intelligence
|-
|-
|''bcèx''
|''bcèx''
|ɡʘèʔ  
|ipa{{ɡʘèʔ  
|milk for adults
|milk for adults
|-
|-
|''bcè''
|''bcè''
|ɡʘè
|ipa{{ɡʘè
|milk for young
|milk for young
|-
|-
|''bcāàq’''
|''bcāàq’''
|ɡʘā̰à̰ˤ  
|ipa{{ɡʘā̰à̰ˤ  
|cow
|cow
|-
|-
|''tchàséē''
|''tchàséē''
|kǀʰàséē  
|ipa{{kǀʰàséē  
|hair
|hair
|-
|-
|''í''
|''í''
|í  
|ipa{{í  
|emitted light
|emitted light
|-
|-
|''íx''
|''íx''
|íʔ  
|ipa{{íʔ  
|man-made emitted light
|man-made emitted light
|-
|-
|''ínn''
|''ínn''
|ĩ́n  
|ipa{{ĩ́n  
|sunlight, naturally emitted light
|sunlight, naturally emitted light
|-
|-
|''njxộé''
|''njxộé''
|ŋǂʔɒ̂é  
|ipa{{ŋǂʔɒ̂é  
|reflected light
|reflected light
|-
|-
|''njxộénn''
|''njxộénn''
|ŋǂʔɒ̃̂ẽ́n  
|ipa{{ŋǂʔɒ̃̂ẽ́n  
|moonlight
|moonlight
|-
|-
|''kçáā''
|''kçáā''
|kxáā
|ipa{{kxáā
|captured light  
|captured light  
|-
|-
|''kçáānn''
|''kçáānn''
|kxã́ã̄n
|ipa{{kxã́ã̄n
|mirage, lake reflection, large natural captured light
|mirage, lake reflection, large natural captured light
|-
|-
|''kçáāx''
|''kçáāx''
|kxáāʔ
|ipa{{kxáāʔ
|mirror, very good drawing
|mirror, very good drawing
|-
|-
|''dcgūu''
|''dcgūu''
|ɡǀɣūū  
|ipa{{ɡǀɣūū  
|water
|water
|-
|-
|''dcgūux''
|''dcgūux''
|ɡǀɣūūʔ  
|ipa{{ɡǀɣūūʔ  
|spit
|spit
|-
|-
|''dcgūunn''
|''dcgūunn''
|ɡǀɣũ̄ũ̄n  
|ipa{{ɡǀɣũ̄ũ̄n  
|natural body of water
|natural body of water
|-
|-
|''dqúuh''
|''dqúuh''
|ɡǃṳ́ṳ́  
|ipa{{ɡǃṳ́ṳ́  
|dog
|dog
|-
|-
|''tsāàhx''
|''tsāàhx''
|tsʰā̤à̤ʔ  
|ipa{{tsʰā̤à̤ʔ  
|food (prepared and/or cooked)
|food (prepared and/or cooked)
|-
|-
|''tsāàh''
|''tsāàh''
|tsʰā̤à̤  
|ipa{{tsʰā̤à̤  
|food (unaltered from dead or living form)
|food (unaltered from dead or living form)
|-
|-
|''mndé’x''
|''mndé’x''
|mndḛ́ʔ  
|ipa{{mndḛ́ʔ  
|appreciation
|appreciation
|-
|-
|''mndé’''
|''mndé’''
|mndḛ́  
|ipa{{mndḛ́  
|positive impact
|positive impact
|-
|-
|''mcgáā''
|''mcgáā''
|ŋʘɣáā  
|ipa{{ŋʘɣáā  
|girl
|girl
|-
|-
|''mcçáā’''
|''mcçáā’''
|ŋʘxá̰ā̰  
|ipa{{ŋʘxá̰ā̰  
|feminine girl
|feminine girl
|-
|-
|''tq’áụn''
|''tq’áụn''
|ǃkʼã́ɨ̃́  
|ipa{{ǃkʼã́ɨ̃́  
|boy
|boy
|-
|-
|''tq’éon''
|''tq’éon''
|ǃkʼẽ́ṍ  
|ipa{{ǃkʼẽ́ṍ  
|feminine boy
|feminine boy
|-
|-
|''tłxí''
|''tłxí''
|kǁʔí  
|ipa{{kǁʔí  
|nonbinary person
|nonbinary person
|-
|-
|''rrùuvūn''
|''rrùuvūn''
|rùːβũ̄  
|ipa{{rùːβũ̄  
|androgyne person
|androgyne person
|-
|-
|''ðà’g’áụn''
|''ðà’g’áụn''
|ðà̰qʼã́ɨ̃́  
|ipa{{ðà̰qʼã́ɨ̃́  
|demiboy
|demiboy
|-
|-
|''ðànngáā''
|''ðànngáā''
|ðà̰ŋáā  
|ipa{{ðà̰ŋáā  
|demigirl
|demigirl
|-
|-
|''ncáànte’''
|''ncáànte’''
|ŋǀã́ã̀tḛ̀  
|ipa{{ŋǀã́ã̀tḛ̀  
|neutrois person
|neutrois person
|-
|-
|''sīsyé''
|''sīsyé''
|sīʃé  
|ipa{{sīʃé  
|agender person
|agender person
|-
|-
|''láahthāh''
|''láahthāh''
|lá̤á̤tʰā̤  
|ipa{{lá̤á̤tʰā̤  
|gendervoid person
|gendervoid person
|-
|-
|''nyàa’d''
|''nyàa’d''
|ɲà̰à̰d  
|ipa{{ɲà̰à̰d  
|to feel kinship with
|to feel kinship with
|-
|-
|''çúuṅ''
|''çúuṅ''
|χúún  
|ipa{{χúún  
|to be full of [adverb]
|to be full of [adverb]
|-
|-
|''tłēebenn''
|''tłēebenn''
|kǁēēbẽ̄n  
|ipa{{kǁēēbẽ̄n  
|night
|night
|-
|-
|''tłēebe''
|''tłēebe''
|kǁēēbē  
|ipa{{kǁēēbē  
|shadow
|shadow
|-
|-
|''nyínn''
|''nyínn''
|ɲĩ́n  
|ipa{{ɲĩ́n  
|day
|day
|-
|-
|''nyí''
|''nyí''
|ɲií
|ipa{{ɲií
|bright spot
|bright spot
|-
|-
|''pchòx''
|''pchòx''
|kʘʰòʔ  
|ipa{{kʘʰòʔ  
|ground
|ground
|-
|-
|''pchò’x''
|''pchò’x''
|kʘʰò̰ʔ  
|ipa{{kʘʰò̰ʔ}}
|floor
|floor
|-
|-
|''džāahb''
|''džāahb''
|d͡ʒā̤ā̤b  
|ipa{{d͡ʒā̤ā̤b}}
|new
|new
|-
|-
|''tcáè''
|''tcáè''
|kǀáè  
|kǀáè}}
|language
|language
|-
|-
|''tcáèx''
|''tcáèx''
|kǀáèʔ  
|ipa{{kǀáèʔ}}
|constructed language
|constructed language
|-
|-
|''tcáènn''
|''tcáènn''
|kǀã́ẽ̀n  
|ipa{{kǀã́ẽ̀n}}
|causality or causation in the context of physics
|causality or causation in the context of physics
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|''tcîxáụnx''
|''tcîxáụnx''
|kǀîʔã́ɨ̃́ʔ  
|{{ipa|kǀîʔã́ɨ̃́ʔ}}
|empress (feminine)
|empress (feminine)
|}
|}

Revision as of 22:30, 15 December 2025

Tcae'ru
Pronunciation[ᵏǀá̰ḛ̀.ɾū]
Language familyIsolate
Official status
Spoken inColdba
Speaker
DemonymTcae'ruan
Technical information
Language code???

Tcae'ru, pronounced ᴛᴄᴀᴇ'ʀᴜ: [ᵏǀá̰ḛ̀.ɾū] or ᴇɴ: /ˈtaɪɹuː/, is an isolate language spoken in Coldba as one of its official languages.

Etymology

The name Tcae'ru is frequently written without diacritics, but the full spelling is Tcáè'rū. The word comes from a blend of tcáèx [ᵏǀáèʔ] (conlang) and ùrū [ù.ɾū] (person).

Phonology

Consonants

The total amount of consonants is 117, with 42 non-click consonants.

Some consonants are written with a dot on top of them. This is used to distinguish them from other uses of the consonant letter. When following a vowel, ⟨n⟩ and ⟨h⟩ by default represent nasalization and breathy voice, respectively. So, when a /n/ follows a vowel, it must be written ⟨ṅ⟩, and when a /h/ follows a vowel, it must be written ⟨ḣ⟩. If /n/ follows a vowel that is already nasal, or /h/ follows a vowel that is already breathy, then the letter is simply doubled and the dot is unnecessary. The letter ⟨ṅ⟩ also has usage in distinguishing /nj/ from /ɲ/, where the former is written ⟨ṅy⟩. For similar letter clusters, ⟨ẏ⟩ is used to mark /j/ when preceded by a letter that ⟨y⟩ would otherwise form a digraph with. Thus, ⟨nẏ tẏ dẏ sẏ⟩ are /Ṽj tj dj sj/. The letter ⟨ġ⟩ only occurs for the geminated consonant /ɢː/, representing it as ⟨gġ⟩.

Bilabial Coronal Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nonsibilant Sibilant
Nasal m m n n/ṅ ɲ ny ŋ ng
Stop Aspirated pʰ ph tʰ th tsʰ ts cʰ tž kʰ kh qʰ gk
Tenuis p p t t ts tz c ty k k q kg ʔ x
Voiced b b d d dz dz ɟ dy ɢ gg/ġ
Ejective pʼ p’ tʼ t’ kʼ k’ qʼ g’
Implosive ɓ b’ ɗ d’ ʄ y’
Fricative β v ð ð s s ʃ sy ɣ ǧ χ ç h h/ḣ
Glide w w l l j y/ẏ
Trill r rr
Tap ɾ r

There are 75 click consonants.

Bilabial Dental Alveolar Lateral Palatal
Nasal Plain ŋʘ mc ŋǀ nc ŋǃ nq ŋǁ nł ŋǂ nj
Aspirated ŋʘʰ mch ŋǀʰ nch ŋǃʰ nqh ŋǁʰ nłh ŋǂʰ njh
Glottalized ŋʘˀ mcx ŋǀˀ ncx ŋǃˀ nqx ŋǁˀ nłx ŋǂˀ njx
Voiceless affricate ŋʘx mcç ŋǀx ncç ŋǃx nqç ŋǁx nłç ŋǂx njç
Voiced affricate ŋʘɣ mcg ŋǀɣ ncg ŋǃɣ nqg ŋǁɣ nłg ŋǂɣ njg
Voiceless Plain kʘ pc kǀ tc kǃ tq kǁ tł kǂ tj
Aspirated kʘʰ pch kǀʰ tch kǃʰ tqh kǁʰ tłh kǂʰ tjh
Glottalized kʘˀ pcx kǀˀ tcx kǃˀ tqx kǁˀ tłx kǂˀ tjx
Affricate kʘx pcç kǀx tcç kǃx tqç kǁx tłç kǂx tjç
Ejective ʘkʼ pc’ ǀkʼ tc’ ǃkʼ tq’ ǁkʼ tł’ ǂkʼ tj’
Voiced Plain ɡʘ bc ɡǀ dc ɡǃ dq ɡǁ dł ɡǂ dj
Aspirated ɡʘʰ bch ɡǀʰ dch ɡǃʰ dqh ɡǁʰ dłh ɡǂʰ djh
Glottalized ɡʘˀ bcx ɡǀˀ dcx ɡǃˀ dqx ɡǁˀ dłx ɡǂˀ djx
Voiceless affricate ɡʘx bcç ɡǀx dcç ɡǃx dqç ɡǁx dłç ɡǂx djç
Voiced affricate ɡʘɣ bcg ɡǀɣ dcg ɡǃɣ dqg ɡǁɣ dłg ɡǂɣ djg

Vowels

There are 7 vowel qualities (charted below) and 5 tones: high ⟨á⟩, mid ⟨ā⟩, low ⟨à⟩, falling ⟨â⟩, rising ⟨ǎ⟩. There are no polyphthongs and adjacent vowels may have different tones. To reduce the number of tone diacritics in the romanization, level tones may be omitted if a previous vowel's tone ended in that level tone. For example, if a vowel ends in a high or rising tone, all syllables with a high tone immediately following that vowel have their high tone omitted, since it continues from that first high or rising tone vowel. This can occur across words when used in a sentence, but not across clauses.

Front Central Back
Close i i ɨ ụ u u
Mid e e o o
Open a a ɒ ọ

Any vowels may be creaky /a̰/, breathy /a̤/, nasal /ã/, or pharyngealized /aˤ/. These voice qualities always spread up to two vowels in a row, and can be combined in the ways represented on the chart. The ⟨nq⟩ digraph represents a nasal alveolar click, so a nasal-pharyngeal vowel must always be written with ⟨qn⟩ to avoid confusion. To avoid the use of unnecessary diacritics, nasal-breathy and nasal-creaky vowels must always be written with ⟨nh⟩ and ⟨n’⟩, respectively, so that ⟨hn⟩ and ⟨’n⟩ can be used to represent a breathy or creaky vowel followed by /n/. instead of having to write ⟨hṅ⟩ or ⟨’ṅ⟩.

Modal Breathy Creaky
Oral Nasal Oral Nasal Oral Nasal
Plain a a ã an a̤ ah ã̤ anh a̰ aʼ ã̰ anʼ
Pharyngealized aˤ aq ãˤ aqn a̤ˤ aqh ã̤ˤ aqnh a̰ˤ aqʼ ã̰ˤ aqnʼ

Morphosyntax

Translations

Lexicon

Tcae'ru English
Spelling IPA
pcīxix ipaTemplate:Kʘīʔīʔ computer mouse
tqụ́ụ̀x ipa{{kǃɨ́ɨ̀ʔ computer
nłòōnx ipa{{ŋǁõ̀ȭʔ table, artificial small area for seating
nłòōn ipa{{ŋǁõ̀ȭ area for seating
nłòōnn ipa{{ŋǁõ̀ȭn field, natural large area for seating
ùrū ipa{{ùɾū person, ape, humanoid
ùrū ipa{{ùɾū robot
dłē ipa{{gǁē brain
dłēx ipa{{ɡǁēʔ artificial intelligence
bcèx ipa{{ɡʘèʔ milk for adults
bcè ipa{{ɡʘè milk for young
bcāàq’ ipa{{ɡʘā̰à̰ˤ cow
tchàséē ipa{{kǀʰàséē hair
í ipa{{í emitted light
íx ipa{{íʔ man-made emitted light
ínn ipa{{ĩ́n sunlight, naturally emitted light
njxộé ipa{{ŋǂʔɒ̂é reflected light
njxộénn ipa{{ŋǂʔɒ̃̂ẽ́n moonlight
kçáā ipa{{kxáā captured light
kçáānn ipa{{kxã́ã̄n mirage, lake reflection, large natural captured light
kçáāx ipa{{kxáāʔ mirror, very good drawing
dcgūu ipa{{ɡǀɣūū water
dcgūux ipa{{ɡǀɣūūʔ spit
dcgūunn ipa{{ɡǀɣũ̄ũ̄n natural body of water
dqúuh ipa{{ɡǃṳ́ṳ́ dog
tsāàhx ipa{{tsʰā̤à̤ʔ food (prepared and/or cooked)
tsāàh ipa{{tsʰā̤à̤ food (unaltered from dead or living form)
mndé’x ipa{{mndḛ́ʔ appreciation
mndé’ ipa{{mndḛ́ positive impact
mcgáā ipa{{ŋʘɣáā girl
mcçáā’ ipa{{ŋʘxá̰ā̰ feminine girl
tq’áụn ipa{{ǃkʼã́ɨ̃́ boy
tq’éon ipa{{ǃkʼẽ́ṍ feminine boy
tłxí ipa{{kǁʔí nonbinary person
rrùuvūn ipa{{rùːβũ̄ androgyne person
ðà’g’áụn ipa{{ðà̰qʼã́ɨ̃́ demiboy
ðànngáā ipa{{ðà̰ŋáā demigirl
ncáànte’ ipa{{ŋǀã́ã̀tḛ̀ neutrois person
sīsyé ipa{{sīʃé agender person
láahthāh ipa{{lá̤á̤tʰā̤ gendervoid person
nyàa’d ipa{{ɲà̰à̰d to feel kinship with
çúuṅ ipa{{χúún to be full of [adverb]
tłēebenn ipa{{kǁēēbẽ̄n night
tłēebe ipa{{kǁēēbē shadow
nyínn ipa{{ɲĩ́n day
nyí ipa{{ɲií bright spot
pchòx ipaTemplate:Kʘʰòʔ language
tcáèx ipaTemplate:Kǀáèʔ constructed language
tcáènn ipaTemplate:Kǀã́ẽ̀n causality or causation in the context of physics
mòlo mòlò know, understand
ncgáldêh ŋǀɣáldê̤ to gain
píiq pííˤ official, standard
tcîxǎx kǀîʔǎʔ emperor (gender neutral)
tcîxáāx kǀîʔáāʔ emperor (masculine)
tcîxáụnx kǀîʔã́ɨ̃́ʔ empress (feminine)
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