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== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
KWMs only has consonants, all but one (/ʞ/) of which use nasal voiceless velaric airstream<ref>Nasal velaric airstream is an articulation where the dorsum is pressed against the velum throughout the articulation. In such articulations, the air required to produce a sound is limited to what is in front of the dorsum. The nasalization allows for constant breath in and out the nose throughout speech.</ref> and most (all except /ʬ ʭ ʞ/ because they are already abnormally quiet) have weak articulation. These properties are not transcribed since they apply to almost every phoneme. Any phonemes that are able to be coarticulated can do so to produce new phonemes. When this happens, the romanization reflects this by capitalizing all the graphemes of the coarticulated sound.  
 
{| class="wikitable"
=== Inventory ===
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |Single Articulation Phonemes (16)
KWMs only has consonants, all but one (/ʞ/) of which use nasal voiceless velaric airstream<ref>Nasal velaric airstream is an articulation where the dorsum is pressed against the velum throughout the articulation. In such articulations, the air required to produce a sound is limited to what is in front of the dorsum. The nasalization allows for constant breath in and out the nose throughout speech.</ref> and most (all except /ʬ ʭ ʞ/ because they are already abnormally quiet) have weak articulation. These properties are not transcribed since they apply to almost every phoneme. Any phonemes that are able to be coarticulated can do so to produce new phonemes. When this happens, the romanization reflects this by capitalizing all the graphemes of the coarticulated sound.
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |Phonemes (16)
! colspan="2" |Labial
! colspan="2" |Labial
! rowspan="2" |Dental
! rowspan="2" |Dental
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{| class="wikitable"
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! colspan="3" |Double Articulation Phonemes (48)
| colspan="7" |{{ipa|r̥͡ʙ̥ ɽr̥͡ʙ̥ ʷf͡ʙ̥ s͡ʙ̥ ʭ͡ʙ̥ ʷr̥͡f r̥͡s r̥͡ʭ ʷɽr̥͡f ɽr̥͡ʭ ʷs͡f ʷʇ͡f ʷʖ͡f ʷ!͡f¡ ʷǂ͡f ʷʞ͡f s͡ʭ ʇ͡ʘ ʖ͡ʘ !͡ʘ¡ ǂ͡ʘ ʞ͡ʘ ʷʇ͡ʘ ʷʖ͡ʘ ʷ!͡ʘ¡ ʷǂ͡ʘ ʷʞ͡ʘ ↓p͡ʇ ↓p͡ʖ ↓p͡ǃ¡ ↓p͡ǂ ↓p͡ʞ ʇ͡ʖ ʇ͡ǃ¡ ʇ͡ǂ ʇ͡ʞ ʇ͡ʭ ʖ͡ǃ¡ ʖ͡ǂ ʖ͡ʞ ʖ͡ʭ ǂ͡!¡ ʞ͡!¡ !¡͡ʭ ǂ͡ʞ ǂ͡ʭ ʞ͡ʭ ʬ͡ʭ}}
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! colspan="3" |Triple Articulation Phonemes (TBD)
| colspan="7" |{{ipa|ʷr̥͡f͜ʙ̥ r̥͡s͜ʙ̥ r̥͡ʭ͜ʙ̥ ʷɽr̥͡f͜ʙ̥ ɽr̥͡ʭ͜ʙ̥ ʷs͡f͜ʙ̥ s͡ʭ͜ʙ̥ ʷr̥͡s͜f r̥͡s͜ʭ ʷs͡ʭ͜f ʷʖ͡ʇ͜f ʷ!͡ʇ͜f¡ ʷǂ͡ʇ͜f ʷʞ͡ʇ͜f ʖ͡ʇ͜ʘ !͡ʇ͜ʘ¡ ǂ͡ʇ͜ʘ ʞ͡ʇ͜ʘ ʷʖ͡ʇ͜ʘ ʷ!͡ʇ͜ʘ¡ ʷǂ͡ʇ͜ʘ ʷʞ͡ʇ͜ʘ ʷʖ͡!͜f¡ ʷǂ͡ʖ͜f ʷʞ͡ʖ͜f ʖ͡!͜ʘ¡ ǂ͡ʖ͜ʘ ʞ͡ʖ͜ʘ ʷ!͡ʖ͜ʘ¡ ʷǂ͡ʖ͜ʘ ʷʞ͡ʖ͜ʘ}}
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{| class="wikitable"
=== Coarticulations ===
! colspan="28" |Triple Articulation Phonemes (To be continued)
Coarticulations are not always simultaneous, but do occur with the same "breath" (or whatever the velaric equivalent to breath is), which adjacent phonemes do not do. Below are all the allowed combinations of single-phonemes. Any phonemes may be coarticulated as long as they are all mutually each others' X and Y phonemes. Phonemes in '''bold''' mark repetitions.
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{| class="wikitable" t
!
!Phoneme X
!
!Phoneme Y
!ʙ̥͡r̥
!ʙ̥͡ɽr̥
!ʷʙ̥͡f
!ʙ̥͡s
!ʙ̥͡ʭ
!ʷr̥͡f
!r̥͡s
!r̥͡ʭ
!ʷɽr̥͡f
!ɽr̥͡ʭ
!ʷf͡s
!ʷ↓f͡ʇ
!ʷ↓f͡ʖ
!ʷ↓f͡!¡
!ʷ↓f͡ǂ
!ʷ↓f͡ʞ
!s͡ʭ
!ʘ͡ʇ
!ʘ͡ʖ
!ʘ͡!¡
!ʘ͡ǂ
!ʘ͡ʞ
!ʷʘ͡ʇ
!ʷʘ͡ʖ
!ʷʘ͡!¡
!ʷʘ͡ʞ
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!
!ʙ̥
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|ʷʙ̥͡f͡r̥
|ʙ̥͡r̥͜s
|ʙ̥͡r̥͜ʭ
|ʷʙ̥͡f͜ɽr̥
|ʙ̥͡ɽr̥͜ʭ
|ʷʙ̥͡f͜s
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|ʙ̥͡s͜ʭ
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!↓p͡ʇ
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!r̥
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|ʷf͡r̥͜s
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|r̥͡s͜ʭ
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!↓p͡ʖ
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!ɽr̥
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!↓p͡ǃ¡
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!ʷf
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|ʷf͡s͜ʭ
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!↓p͡ǂ
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!↓ʷf
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!↓p͡ʞ
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!s
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!ʇ͡ʖ
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!ʘ
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!ʇ͡ǃ¡
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!ʷʘ
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!ʇ͡ǂ
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!↓p
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!ʇ͡ʞ
|{{ipa|ʙ̥}}
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|{{ipa|r̥, ɽr̥, ʷf, s, ʭ}}
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!ʇ
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|ʷ↓f͡ʇ͜ʖ
|ʷ↓f͡ʇ͜!¡
|ʷ↓f͡ʇ͜ǂ
|ʷ↓f͡ʇ͜ʞ
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|ʘ͡ʇ͜ʖ
|ʘ͡ʇ͜!¡
|ʘ͡ʇ͜ǂ
|ʘ͡ʇ͜ʞ
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|ʷʘ͡ʇ͜ʖ
|ʷʘ͡ʇ͜!¡
|ʷʘ͡ʇ͜ʞ
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!ʇ͡ʭ
|{{ipa|r̥}}
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|{{ipa|'''ʙ̥,''' ʷf, s, ʭ}}
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!ʖ
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!ʖ͡ǃ¡
|{{ipa|ɽr̥}}
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|{{ipa|'''ʙ̥,''' ʷf, ʭ}}
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!!¡
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!ʖ͡ǂ
|{{ipa|ʷf}}
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|{{ipa|'''ʙ̥,''' '''r̥,''' '''ɽr̥,''' s}}
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!ǂ
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!ʖ͡ʞ
|{{ipa|s}}
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|{{ipa|'''ʙ̥,''' '''r̥,''' ʭ}}
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!ʞ
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!ʖ͡ʭ
|{{ipa|↓ʷf, ʘ, ʷʘ, ↓p}}
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|{{ipa|ʇ, ʖ, !¡, ǂ, ʞ}}
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!ʬ
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!ǂ͡!¡
|{{ipa|ʇ}}
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|{{ipa|'''↓ʷf, ʘ, ʷʘ, ↓p,''' ʖ, !¡, ǂ, ʞ, ʭ}}
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!ʭ
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!ʞ͡!¡
|{{ipa|ʖ}}
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|{{ipa|'''↓ʷf, ʘ, ʷʘ, ↓p,''' ʇ, !¡, ǂ, ʞ, ʭ}}
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! colspan="11" rowspan="6" |
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!!¡͡ʭ
|{{ipa|!¡}}
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|{{ipa|'''↓ʷf, ʘ, ʷʘ, ↓p,''' ʇ, ʖ, ǂ, ʞ, ʭ}}
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!ǂ͡ʞ
|{{ipa|ǂ}}
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|{{ipa|'''↓ʷf, ʘ, ʷʘ, ↓p,''' ʇ, ʖ, !¡, ʞ, ʭ}}
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!ǂ͡ʭ
|{{ipa|ʞ}}
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|{{ipa|'''↓ʷf, ʘ, ʷʘ, ↓p,''' ʇ, ʖ, !¡, ǂ, ʭ}}
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!ʞ͡ʭ
|{{ipa|ʬ}}
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|{{ipa|ʭ}}
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!ʬ͡ʭ
|{{ipa|ʭ}}
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|{{ipa|'''ʙ̥, r̥, ɽr̥, s, ʇ, ʖ, !¡, ǂ, ʞ, ʬ'''}}
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There are 48 possible double-articulation phonemes.
=== Exact Pronunciations ===
These are detailed instructions on how to pronounce each single-articulation phoneme because KWMs has a very atypical phonology.
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! colspan="4" |Phoneme Details
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Non-Ingressive
! colspan="2" |Non-Ingressive

Revision as of 16:01, 17 October 2025

KWMs
Language familyDeep Dimensional
Writing systemLatin
Official status
Spoken inJuya Gwaña
Speaker
Number of speakers0
Technical information
UsageInvasive language
Language codeKWM

KWMs /ʷʘ͡ǂs/, or in English /kwʊms/, is a language spoke in the islands of Juya Gwaña. It was inspired by the Hush language and comes from the Deep Dimensional linguistic anomaly, alongside Zaekuu.

Phonology

Inventory

KWMs only has consonants, all but one (/ʞ/) of which use nasal voiceless velaric airstream[1] and most (all except /ʬ ʭ ʞ/ because they are already abnormally quiet) have weak articulation. These properties are not transcribed since they apply to almost every phoneme. Any phonemes that are able to be coarticulated can do so to produce new phonemes. When this happens, the romanization reflects this by capitalizing all the graphemes of the coarticulated sound.

Phonemes (16) Labial Dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar
Flat Prerounded[2]
Trill ʙ̥ ⟨wb⟩ r̥ ⟨r⟩ ɽr̥ ⟨wr⟩
Fricative Egressive ʷf[3][4] ⟨f⟩ s[5] ⟨s⟩
Ingressive ↓ʷf[3][4] ⟨v⟩
Click Noisy Median ʘ ⟨m⟩ ʷʘ ⟨wm⟩ ʇ[6][7] ⟨x⟩
Lateral ʖ[6][8] ⟨j⟩
Abrupt ↓p[9] ⟨b⟩ ǃ¡ ⟨l⟩ ǂ ⟨k⟩ ʞ[10][11] ⟨wk⟩
Percussive ʬ[12] ⟨p⟩ ʭ ⟨t⟩

Coarticulations

Coarticulations are not always simultaneous, but do occur with the same "breath" (or whatever the velaric equivalent to breath is), which adjacent phonemes do not do. Below are all the allowed combinations of single-phonemes. Any phonemes may be coarticulated as long as they are all mutually each others' X and Y phonemes. Phonemes in bold mark repetitions.

Phoneme X Phoneme Y
ʙ̥ r̥, ɽr̥, ʷf, s, ʭ
r̥ ʙ̥, ʷf, s, ʭ
ɽr̥ ʙ̥, ʷf, ʭ
ʷf ʙ̥, r̥, ɽr̥, s
s ʙ̥, r̥, ʭ
↓ʷf, ʘ, ʷʘ, ↓p ʇ, ʖ, !¡, ǂ, ʞ
ʇ ↓ʷf, ʘ, ʷʘ, ↓p, ʖ, !¡, ǂ, ʞ, ʭ
ʖ ↓ʷf, ʘ, ʷʘ, ↓p, ʇ, !¡, ǂ, ʞ, ʭ
!¡ ↓ʷf, ʘ, ʷʘ, ↓p, ʇ, ʖ, ǂ, ʞ, ʭ
ǂ ↓ʷf, ʘ, ʷʘ, ↓p, ʇ, ʖ, !¡, ʞ, ʭ
ʞ ↓ʷf, ʘ, ʷʘ, ↓p, ʇ, ʖ, !¡, ǂ, ʭ
ʬ ʭ
ʭ ʙ̥, r̥, ɽr̥, s, ʇ, ʖ, !¡, ǂ, ʞ, ʬ

There are 48 possible double-articulation phonemes.

Exact Pronunciations

These are detailed instructions on how to pronounce each single-articulation phoneme because KWMs has a very atypical phonology.

Non-Ingressive Ingressive
IPA Pronunciation IPA Pronunciation
[ᵑ̥ʙ͉̊] Egressive voiceless nasal velaric bilabial trill [↓ʷᵑ̥f͉] Ingressive voiceless nasal velaric pre-rounded labiodental fricative
Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Closed, loosened lips become trilled due to advancement of the tongue (still pressed against velum). Vocal folds not vibrating. Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Lips rounded. As the lips unround, bottom lip makes contact with top teeth and air is pushed inward as a fricative due to retraction of the tongue (still pressed against velum). Vocal folds not vibrating.
[ᵑ̥r͉̊] Egressive voiceless nasal velaric alveolar trill [ᵑ̥ʘ͉] Voiceless nasal bilabial noisy click
Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Tongue tip pressed against alveolar ridge, but loosened, becomes trilled due to advancement of the back of the tongue (still pressed against velum). Vocal folds not vibrating. Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Closed lips tightly suctioned to each other get released due to the lowering of the jaw. Vocal folds not vibrating.
[ᵑ̥ɽr͉̊] Egressive voiceless nasal velaric retroflex trill [ʷᵑ̥ʘ͉] Voiceless nasal pre-rounded bilabial noisy click
Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Tongue underside pressed against hard palate, but loosened, becomes trilled and pushed forward due to advancement of the back of the tongue (still pressed against velum). Vocal folds not vibrating. Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Lips closed and rounded. As the lips unround, lips tightly suctioned to each other get released due to the lowering of the jaw. Vocal folds not vibrating.
[ʷᵑ̥f͉] Egressive voiceless nasal velaric pre-rounded labiodental fricative [ᵑ̥ʖ͉,ᵑ̥‖͉] Voiceless nasal lateral noisy click
Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Lips rounded. As the lips unround, bottom lip makes contact with top teeth and air is pushed outward as a fricative due to advancement of the tongue (still pressed against velum). Vocal folds not vibrating. Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Tongue sides suctioned to inner cheeks gets released due to the lowering of the tongue side(s). Vocal folds not vibrating.
[ᵑ̥s͉] Egressive voiceless nasal velaric alveolar fricative [↓ᵑ̥p͉] Voiceless nasal bilabial abrupt click
Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Tongue tip reaches alveolar ridge and air is pushed outward as a fricative due to advancement of the tongue (still pressed against velum). Vocal folds not vibrating. Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Closed lips mildly suctioned to each other get released due to the lowering of the jaw. Vocal folds not vibrating.
[ᵑ̥ʬ] Voiceless nasal velaric bilabial percussive [ᵑ̥ʇ͉,ᵑ̥ǀ͉] Voiceless nasal median noisy click
Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Bottom lip strikes top lip forcefully to create a sound. Vocal folds not vibrating. Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Tongue tip suctioned to roof of mouth gets released due to the lowering of the tongue tip. Vocal folds not vibrating.
[ᵑ̥ʭ] Voiceless nasal velaric bidental percussive [ᵑ̥!͉¡] Voiceless nasal alveolar abrupt click with subalveolar percussive release
Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Bottom teeth strike top teeth forcefully to create a sound. Vocal folds not vibrating. Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Tongue tip mildly suctioned to alveolar ridge gets released due to the lowering of the tongue tip. The tongue underside incidentally strikes floor of the mouth. Vocal folds not vibrating.
[ᵑ̥ǂ͉] Voiceless nasal palatal abrupt click
Back of tongue pressed against velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Tongue body suctioned to hard palate gets released due to the lowering of the tongue. Vocal folds not vibrating.
[ᵖʞ̥̃] Labialic voiceless nasal velar click
Back of tongue suctioned to velum. Open velum to allow air to pass through the nose. Lips closed. Back of tongue suction gets released due to lowering of the tongue. Vocal folds not vibrating.
  1. ↑ Nasal velaric airstream is an articulation where the dorsum is pressed against the velum throughout the articulation. In such articulations, the air required to produce a sound is limited to what is in front of the dorsum. The nasalization allows for constant breath in and out the nose throughout speech.
  2. ↑ Prerounded consonants begin labial protrusion before the consonant is made. During its articulation, the lips begin to return to their normal position, but they are protruded for long enough to make the interior of the lips the place of articulation instead of the edges.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 /ʷf/ and /↓ʷf/ are primarily distinguishable in coarticulations, but sometimes /ʷf/ will have an incidental whistled articulation, making it sound slightly sharper than /↓ʷf/.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 /ʷf/ and /↓ʷf/ may be pronounced as buccalized [ʷↀ͡f] and [↓ʷↀ͡f].
  5. ↑ /s/ can only appear word-finally.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 ⟨ʇ⟩ and ⟨ʖ⟩ are alternative ways of writing the dental ⟨ǀ⟩ and lateral ⟨ǁ⟩ clicks used to avoid confusion with the minor ⟨|⟩ and major ⟨‖⟩ prosodic breaks, or in this language, to distinguish a single lateral click from two dental clicks in a row.
  7. ↑ /ʇ/ is in free variation between a dental, alveolar, and retroflex click.
  8. ↑ /ʖ/ may be pronounced as any place of articulation between alveolar and palatal in order to make pronunciation easier and allow for coarticulations.
  9. ↑ While an unusual notation, ⟨↓p⟩ is used here to represent the abrupt bilabial click due to there being few alternatives.
  10. ↑ During the hold of /ʞ/, it too has a voiceless velar nasal articulation. The velar click is the only consonant that interrupts the constant velar closure present in the language.
  11. ↑ /ʞ/ is back-released, meaning its efflux place of articulation is more forward in the mouth than the velar closure. The default position is bilabial, but it can change depending on nearby sounds in order to make pronunciation easier and allow for coarticulations.
  12. ↑ Due to this language's /ʬ/ being articulated so close to the source of airstream (the velar closure), it may have an egressive or ingressive plosive release upon the parting of the lips, notated ⟨ʬᵖ⟩. No reference is made to the airstream direction due to them being nearly impossible to retroactively distinguish.

Syntax

Timekeeping

Translations

“My dog dislikes banana if it is too sweet.”
kJWMr wmv ms -JXs pb mwm -jm -XWK kwk XWMrp -KMKM
/ǂʷʖ͡ʘr̥ ʷʘ↓ʷf ʘs -ʖ͡ʇs ʬ↓p ʘʷʘ -ʖʘ -ʇ͡ʞ ǂʞ ʷʇ͡ʘr̥ʬ -ǂ͡ʘǂ͡ʘ/
banana sweet ADJ_COP -COND too_much dog -M -GEN 1.SG dislike -VIS
“My dog dislikes banana if it is too sweet.”


Vocabulary

KWMs English
Word IPA Translation Note
krs /ǂrs/ season
krxx /ǂrʇʇ/ season cycle (year)
jWMLm /ʖʷʘ͡ǃʘ/ moon phase
jWMLfx /ʖʷʘ͡ǃʷfʇ/ lunar month time between new moon and next new moon
pjks /ʬʖǂs/ half moonday time between moonset and moonrise or vice versa
pjps /ʬʖʬs/ moonday time between moonrise and next moonsire
xmb /ʇʘ↓p/ half day time between sunset and sunrise or vice versa
xmbjx /ʇʘ↓pʖʇ/ day cycle time between sunrise and next sunrise
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