Nāskiw

Nāskiw [náˑʂkɪw], also spelled Naskiw, is a language spoken in Juya Gwaña and non-evolutionarily related to Iskel.

Phonology

Consonants

There are 43 pulmonic consonants and 20 click consonants totaling at 63 consonants.

		Labial		Coronal		Palatal			Velar/Uvular			Glottal
		Plain	Lateral	Plain	Lateral	Plain	Labial	Lateral	Plain	Labial	Lateral	Plain	Labial
Nasal		m	mˡ	n		ɲ	ɲʷ			ŋʷ
Stop	Voiceless			t	t͡ɬ	t͡ɕ	t͡ɕʷ		k			ʔ	ʔʷ
	Voiced	b	bˡ			d͡ʒ	d͡ʒʷ	ɟ𐞠	ɡ	ɡʷ	ɡᶫ
	Prenasalized			ⁿt	ⁿt͡ɬ	ⁿd͡ʒ	ⁿd͡ʒʷ	ᶮɟ𐞠	ᵑɡ	ᵑɡʷ	ᵑɡᶫ
Fricative				s		ç						h	hʷ
Glide					ɺ	j			ɰ	w	ʟ	ɦ	ɦʷ
Trill		ᵐʙ	ᵐʙˡ						ʀ

• Only /m n ɲ ɲʷ ŋʷ t t͡ɬ k ʔ ʔʷ b ɡ ɡʷ/ can be geminated.
• /s/ is [ʃ] next to front vowels except after low vowels, [ʂ] next to low vowels except after front vowels, and [s̠] elsewhere.
• /ɺ/ becomes [ɺ̼] before bilabials. Elsewhere, it alternates between [ɺ] and [𝼈].
• /j/ alternates between [j], [ʝ], and [ɟ] depending on emphasis.

	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Lateral	Palatal
Nasal	ᵑʘ	ᵑǀ	ᵑǃ	ᵑǁ	ᵑǂ
Aspirated	ᵏʘʰ	ᵏǀʰ	ᵏǃʰ	ᵏǁʰ	ᵏǂʰ
Voiced	ᶢʘ	ᶢǀ	ᶢǃ	ᶢǁ	ᶢǂ
Glottalized	ᵏʘˀ	ᵏǀˀ	ᵏǃˀ	ᵏǁˀ	ᵏǂˀ

Vowels

There are 8 monophthongs and 19 diphthongs. Nāskiw is a pitch-accent language. Stressed vowels can have either a high, falling, or rising tone.

	Front	Central		Back
		Unrounded	Rounded
High	ɪ		ʉ	u
Mid	e	ə	ɞ	ɔ
Low		a

		/ɪ/	/ʉ/	/u/	/e/	/ə/	/a/	/ɞ/	/ɔ/
/ɪ/		-	-	ɪu	-	ɪə	ɪa	-	ɪɔ
/ʉ/		-	-	-	ʉə	-	-	-	-
/u/		uɪ	-	-	ue	uə	ua	-	uɔ
/e/		-	-	eu	-	-	-	-	eɔ
/ə/		-	əʉ	-	-	-	-	-	-
/a/		-	aʉ	-	-	-	-	aɞ	-
/ɞ/		-	ɞʉ	-	-	-	-	-	-
/ɔ/		ɔɪ	-	-	ɔe	-	ɔa	-	-

• Monophthongs and diphthongs are allophonically half-long when followed by an obstruent coda.

Orthography

Resonant	IPA	m	mˡ	n	ɲ	ɲʷ	ŋʷ	ɺ	j	ɰ	w	ʟ	ɦ	ɦʷ	ᵐʙ	ᵐʙˡ	ʀ
	Romanization	m	ml	n	ñ	ñw	nw	l	y	w	v	r	gh	ghw	mb	mbl	rr
Obstruent	IPA	t	t͡ɬ	t͡ɕ	t͡ɕʷ	k	ʔ	ʔʷ	b	bˡ	d͡ʒ	d͡ʒʷ	ɟ𐞠	ɡ	ɡʷ	ɡᶫ	ⁿt	ⁿt͡ɬ	ⁿd͡ʒ	ⁿd͡ʒʷ	ᶮɟ𐞠	ᵑɡ	ᵑɡʷ	ᵑɡᶫ	s	ç	h	hʷ
	Romanization	t	tl	c	cw	k	’	’w	b	bl	j	jw	jl	g	gw	gl	nt	ntl	nj	njw	njl	ng	ngw	ngl	s	hy	h	hw
Click	IPA	ᵑʘ	ᵑǀ	ᵑǃ	ᵑǁ	ᵑǂ	ᵏʘʰ	ᵏǀʰ	ᵏǃʰ	ᵏǁʰ	ᵏǂʰ	ᶢʘ	ᶢǀ	ᶢǃ	ᶢǁ	ᶢǂ	ᵏʘˀ	ᵏǀˀ	ᵏǃˀ	ᵏǁˀ	ᵏǂˀ
	Romanization	mp	nz	nq	nx	nqy	ph	zh	qh	xh	qyh	p	z	q	x	qy	p’	z’	q’	x’	qy’
Vowel	IPA	ɪ	ʉ	u	e	ə	ɞ	ɔ	a	ɪ́	ʉ́	ú	é	ə́	ɞ́	ɔ́	á	ɪ̂	ʉ̂	û	ê	ə̂	ɞ̂	ɔ̂	â	ɪ̌	ʉ̌	ǔ	ě	ə̌	ɞ̌	ɔ̌	ǎ
	Romanization	i	ü	u	e	ë	ö	o	a	ī	u̇	ū	ē	ė	ȯ	ō	ā	ì	ǔ	ù	è	ě	ǒ	ò	à	í	û	ú	é	ê	ô	ó	á