Halaqhanenasi'ona

Phonology

Vowels

closure	central		back
	unrounded	rounded	unrounded	rounded
unrounded	ʏ ⟨u⟩	ɨ ⟨i⟩
rounded				o ⟨o⟩
open			ɑ ⟨a⟩

Vowels may be elongated

/∅/ ⟨e⟩

Consonants

Placement → ↓ Manner		Coronal	Palatal	Dorsal	Laryngeal
Nasal		n
Plosive		t / d		q	ʔ ⟨'⟩
Sibilant affricate		t͡ʃ ⟨ts⟩ / d͡ʒ ⟨dz⟩
Sibilant fricative		ʃ ⟨s⟩ / ʒ ⟨z⟩
Non-sibilant fricative		θ ⟨th⟩ / ð ⟨dh⟩	ç ⟨c⟩ / ʝ ⟨y⟩	x ⟨k⟩ / ɣ ⟨g⟩	ħ ⟨qh⟩ / h
Trill		r̥ ⟨tr⟩ / r		ʀ̥ ⟨trr⟩ / ʀ ⟨rr⟩
Lateral affricate	released	t͡ɬˡ ⟨tcll⟩ / d͡ɮˡ ⟨dyll⟩
	unreleased	t͡ɬˡ ⟨tcl⟩ / d͡ɮˡ ⟨dyl⟩
Lateral fricative	released	ɬˡ ⟨cll⟩ / ɮˡ ⟨yll⟩
	unreleased	ɬ ⟨cl⟩ / ɮ ⟨yl⟩
Lateral Approximant		l

Forms

Consonants are notated as c₁, c₂, etc., while vowels are v₁, v₂, etc.. Examples are based on root n_s_q_, painting (in the gnomic sense), in 1SG.AGT.ACT pattern

1. c₁v₁c₂v₂c₃v₃ - dane 'ukadho nasaqa - I paint
2. c₁v₁c₂c₂v₂c₃v₃ - dane 'ukadho nassaqa - I need to paint
3. c₁v₁c₁v₁c₂v₂c₃v₃ - dane 'ukadho nanasaqa - I want to paint
4. dac₁v₁c₂v₂lec₃v₃ - dane 'ukadho danasaleqa - I demand to paint, I implore to paint
5. 'v₁c₁ec₂v₂c₃v₃ - dane 'ukadho 'anesaqa - I would paint, I might paint
6. c₁v₁c₂ec₃v₂rv₃ - dane 'ukadho naseqara - I paint (augmentative)
7. c₁v₁nev₂c₂v₃c₃ - dane 'ukadho nanasaq - I paint (diminutive)
8. c₁v₁c₃v₂c₂v₃ - dane 'ukado naqasa - I love to paint

Patterns

Verbs

		Active voice		Passive voice		Causative voice		Reciprocal/Reflexive
		Agent	Patient	Agent	Patient	Agent	Patient
1	SG	_a_o_	_a_ii_	_u_a_	_u_aa_	_o_a_	_o_ii_	_i_u_
	DUAL	_a_o_i	_a_ii_i	_u_a_i	_u_aa_i	_o_a_i	_o_ii_i	_i_u_i
	PAU	_a_o_an	_a_ii_an	_u_a_an	_u_aa_an	_o_a_an	_o_ii_an	_i_u_an
	PL	_a_o_os	_a_ii_os	_u_a_os	_u_aa_os	_o_a_os	_o_ii_os	_i_u_os
2	SG	_ale_o_	_ale_ii_	_ule_a_	_u_aa_	_oo_a_	_oo_ii_	_ile_u_
	DUAL	_ale_o_i	_ale_ii_i	_ule_a_i	_ule_aa_i	_ole_a_i	_ole_ii_i	_ile_u_i
	PAU	_ale_o_an	_ale_ii_an	_ule_a_an	_ule_aa_an	_ole_a_an	_ole_ii_an	_ile_u_an
	PL	_ale_o_os	_ale_ii_os	_ule_a_os	_ule_aa_os	_ole_a_os	_ole_ii_os	_ile_u_os
3	SG	_aa_o_	_aa_ii_	_uu_a_	_uu_aa_	_oo_a_	_oo_ii_	_ii_u_
	DUAL	_aa_o_i	_aa_ii_i	_uu_a_i	_uu_aa_i	_oo_a_i	_oo_ii_i	_ii_u_i
	PAU	_aa_o_an	_aa_ii_an	_uu_a_an	_uu_aa_an	_oo_a_an	_oo_ii_an	_ii_u_an
	PL	_aa_o_os	_aa_ii_os	_uu_a_os	_uu_aa_os	_oo_a_os	_oo_ii_os	_ii_u_os

Nouns

	Animate		Inanimate
	Rational	Irrational
Powerful-Fragile	_i_i_ate	_o_a_e	_o_o_ate
Powerful-Graceful	_u_a_a	_o_i_a	_a_a_a
Graceful-Fragile	_u_u_ane	_o_o_o	_a_a_ane

Pronouns

Presentation →	Powerful-Fragile	Powerful-Graceful	Graceful-Fragile
Performance ↓
Powerful-fragile	'ukadho	dulatto	su'ano
Powerful-Graceful	'ikodha	dilotta	si'ona
Graceful-Fragile	'akadhe	dalatte	sa'ane

Affixation is used to derive the stative, agent, and patient nominalizations of a verb (to fly becomes flight, that which flies, and that which is flown), as well as the past and present participle adjectivizations of a verb (to fly becomes flown and flying)

When an illegal consonant cluster appears, it is broken up by schwa, still written as ⟨e⟩

Tense goes on the outside as a circumfix, while aspect is a postposition

The conceptual nominalizer is marked with the 'i⟩⟨nile circumfix

alienable possession and inalienable possession are marked separately (e.g. 'my brother' and 'my ball' use a different interfix)

Roots

Sentences begin with the nominative word. A particle ('abun) is used to mark topic.