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Phonology

Vowels

closure central back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
close ɨ ⟨i⟩
mid ʏ ⟨u⟩ o ⟨o⟩
open ɑ ⟨a⟩

Vowels may be elongated

/∅/ ⟨e⟩

Consonants

Placement →

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Coronal Palatal Dorsal Laryngeal
Nasal n
Plosive t / d q ʔ ⟨'⟩
Sibilant affricate t͡ʃ ⟨ts⟩ / d͡ʒ ⟨dz⟩
Sibilant fricative ʃ ⟨s⟩ / ʒ ⟨z⟩
Non-sibilant fricative θ ⟨th⟩ / ð ⟨dh⟩ ç ⟨c⟩ / ʝ ⟨y⟩ x ⟨k⟩ / ɣ ⟨g⟩ ħ ⟨qh⟩ / h
Trill r̥ ⟨tr⟩ / r ʀ̥ ⟨trr⟩ / ʀ ⟨rr⟩
Lateral fricative ɬ ⟨cl⟩ / ɮ ⟨yl⟩
Lateral syllabic ɬ̩͡l ⟨cll⟩ / ɮ̩͡l ⟨yll⟩
Lateral Approximant l

q_qh_t /qVħVtV/ - black

nitrre-sut /nɨʀ̥.ʃʏt/ - mud-

Patterns

Verbs Derived nouns Derived adjectives
Active voice Passive voice Causative voice Reciprocal/Reflexive Stative Past participle Present participle
Agent Patient Agent Patient Agent Patient
1 SG _a_a_a _a_ii_a _u_a_a _u_ii_a _o_a_a _o_ii_a _i_u_a
DUAL _a_a_i _a_ii_i _u_a_i _u_ii_i _o_a_i _o_ii_i _i_u_i
PAU _a_a_an _a_ii_an _u_a_an _u_ii_an _o_a_an _o_ii_an _i_u_an
PL _a_a_os _a_ii_os _u_a_os _u_ii_os _o_a_os _o_ii_os _i_u_os
2 SG _ale_a_a _ale_ii_a _ule_a_a _u_ii_a _oo_a_a _oo_ii_a _ile_u_a
DUAL _ale_a_i _ale_ii_i _ule_a_i _ule_ii_i _ole_a_i _ole_ii_i _ile_u_i
PAU _ale_a_an _ale_ii_an _ule_a_an _ule_ii_an _ole_a_an _ole_ii_an _ile_u_an
PL _ale_a_os _ale_ii_os _ule_a_os _ule_ii_os _ole_a_os _ole_ii_os _ile_u_os
3 SG _aa_a_a _aa_ii_a _uu_a_a _uu_ii_a _oo_a_a _oo_ii_a _ii_u_a
DUAL _aa_a_i _aa_ii_i _uu_a_i _uu_ii_i _oo_a_i _oo_ii_i _ii_u_i
PAU _aa_a_an _aa_ii_an _uu_a_an _uu_ii_an _oo_a_an _oo_ii_an _ii_u_an
PL _aa_a_os _aa_ii_os _uu_a_os _uu_ii_os _oo_a_os _oo_ii_os _ii_u_os

When an illegal consonant cluster appears, it is broken up by schwa, still written as ⟨e⟩

Tense goes on the outside as a circumfix, while aspect is a preverb

Inorganicity is marked with the 'i⟩⟨ile circumfix. Its absence implies a noun belongs to the organic class

Possession and inalienability are marked separately (e.g. 'my brother' and 'my ball' use a different interfix)

Roots