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{{infobox language | {{infobox language | ||
|name= | |name=Tosï | ||
|pronunciation=[ | |pronunciation=[ˈtɔsɪ] | ||
|family=Isolate | |family=Isolate | ||
|scripts=[[ | |scripts=[[Nahan script|Nahan]], Latin (when Nahan isn't available) | ||
|country=[[ | |country=[[CMCic Federation]] | ||
|endonym={{script|script=nahan|t=tásí}} ''Tásí'' | |endonym={{script|script=nahan|t=tásí}} ''Tásí'' | ||
|number=44 | |number=44 | ||
|usage= | |usage=Official language | ||
|lang | |lang-code=TOS | ||
}} | }} | ||
''' | '''Tosï''' (natively {{script|script=nahan|t=tásí}} ''Tásí'' [ˈtos]) is an official language of the [[CMCic Federation]] written in the [[Nahan script]]. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
Tosï has 23 consonants: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 26: | Line 25: | ||
! rowspan="2" | Plosive | ! rowspan="2" | Plosive | ||
! Voiceless | ! Voiceless | ||
| p ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=p}}⟩ || t ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=t}}⟩ || ʧ ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=ci}}⟩ || k ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=c}}⟩ || ʔ ⟨∅⟩<ref>Due to | | p ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=p}}⟩ || t ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=t}}⟩ || ʧ ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=ci}}⟩ || k ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=c}}⟩ || ʔ ⟨∅⟩<ref>Due to Tosï syllabes having to start with a consonant, the previously orthographic {{script|script=nahan|t=h́}} is now obsolete and this phoneme is hence unrepresented orthographically</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Voiced | ! Voiced | ||
| b ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=ṕ}}⟩ || d ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=t́}}⟩ || ʤ ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=ći}}⟩ || g ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t= | | b ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=ṕ}}⟩ || d ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=t́}}⟩ || ʤ ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=ći}}⟩ || g ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=ć}}⟩ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Fricative | ! rowspan="2" | Fricative | ||
| Line 45: | Line 44: | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
Tosï has 7 vowels: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 53: | Line 52: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! High | ! High | ||
| i ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=é}}⟩ || ɨ ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=í}}⟩ || u ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=o}}⟩ | | i ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=é}}⟩ || ɨ<ref name="elide">These vowels are elided away in unstressed positions</ref> ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=í}}⟩ || u ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=o}}⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Mid | ! Mid | ||
| e ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=e}}⟩ || ɵ<ref> | | e ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=e}}⟩ || ɵ<ref name="elide">These vowels are elided away in unstressed positions</ref> ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=ó}}⟩ || o ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=á}}⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Low | ! Low | ||
| a ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=a}}⟩ || || | | a ⟨{{script|script=nahan|t=a}}⟩ || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
<references/> | |||
==Grammar== | |||
===Nouns=== | |||
Tosï has 3 noun cases: | |||
* Accusative (marked with {{script|script=nahan|t=re}}- {{ipa|/ɣe/}}) | |||
* Genitive (marked with {{script|script=nahan|t=t́í}}- {{ipa|/dɨ/}}) | |||
* Dative (Marked with {{script|script=nahan|t=cio}}- {{ipa|/t͡ʃu/}} | |||
Along with those, Tosï also marks the plural on nouns with {{script|script=nahan|t=fe}}- /fe/. | |||
===Pronouns=== | |||
[[File:Tosï Pronouns.png|thumb|Every pronoun in Tosï]] | |||
The above image shows the pronouns in Tosï. The below table also shows them. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! !! {{smallcaps|nom}} !! {{smallcaps|acc}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{smallcaps|1s}} | |||
| {{script|script=nahan|t=la}} || {{script|script=nahan|t=ne}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{smallcaps|2s}} | |||
| {{script|script=nahan|t=ue}} || {{script|script=nahan|t=sa}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{smallcaps|3s.m}} | |||
| {{script|script=nahan|t=ṕé}} || {{script|script=nahan|t=má}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{smallcaps|3s.f}} | |||
| {{script|script=nahan|t=á}} || {{script|script=nahan|t=ṕó}} | |||
|} | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
Tosï verbs mark for the past and future tenses ({{script|script=nahan|t=ćié}}- /d͡ʒi/ and {{script|script=nahan|t=ća}} /ga/ respectively) and the imperative mood ({{script|script=nahan|t=ćí}}- /gɨ/) | |||
===Other=== | |||
Tosï has a negation suffix -{{script|script=nahan|t=sá}} /so/. | |||
==Latijöseŋi== | |||
{{main|Latijöseŋi}} | |||
In situations where the Nahan script is unavailable or where it is, but without the Strappo, people use what is called [[Latijöseŋi]] (Tosï: {{script|script=nahan|t=latézióseńé}} Latézióseńé {{ipa|[latiʒˈseŋi]}}, lit. "Latin-becoming") to write in Tosï.<ref>Transliterations into scripts other than Latin are permitted, but most people use Latijöseŋi in everyday writing. For more information on one such other transliteration, see [[Kyrizhǎsengi]].</ref> | |||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Language]] | [[Category:Language]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:50, 16 January 2025
| Tosï | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | [ˈtɔsɪ] |
| Language family | Isolate |
| Writing system | Nahan, Latin (when Nahan isn't available) |
| Official status | |
| Spoken in | CMCic Federation |
| Speaker | |
| Endonym | tásí Tásí |
| Number of speakers | 44 |
| Technical information | |
| Usage | Official language |
| Language code | TOS |
Tosï (natively tásí Tásí [ˈtos]) is an official language of the CMCic Federation written in the Nahan script.
Phonology
Consonants
Tosï has 23 consonants:
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m ⟨m⟩ | n ⟨n⟩ | ŋ ⟨ń⟩ | |||
| Plosive | Voiceless | p ⟨p⟩ | t ⟨t⟩ | ʧ ⟨ci⟩ | k ⟨c⟩ | ʔ ⟨∅⟩[1] |
| Voiced | b ⟨ṕ⟩ | d ⟨t́⟩ | ʤ ⟨ći⟩ | g ⟨ć⟩ | ||
| Fricative | Voiceless | f ⟨f⟩ | s ⟨s⟩ | ʃ ⟨si⟩ | x ⟨h⟩ | |
| Voiced | v ⟨v⟩ | z ⟨z⟩ | ʒ ⟨zi⟩ | ɣ ⟨r⟩ | ||
| Liquid | w ⟨u⟩ | l ⟨l⟩ | j ⟨i⟩ | |||
- ↑ Due to Tosï syllabes having to start with a consonant, the previously orthographic h́ is now obsolete and this phoneme is hence unrepresented orthographically
Vowels
Tosï has 7 vowels:
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i ⟨é⟩ | ɨ[1] ⟨í⟩ | u ⟨o⟩ |
| Mid | e ⟨e⟩ | ɵ[1] ⟨ó⟩ | o ⟨á⟩ |
| Low | a ⟨a⟩ |
Grammar
Nouns
Tosï has 3 noun cases:
- Accusative (marked with re- /ɣe/)
- Genitive (marked with t́í- /dɨ/)
- Dative (Marked with cio- /t͡ʃu/
Along with those, Tosï also marks the plural on nouns with fe- /fe/.
Pronouns
The above image shows the pronouns in Tosï. The below table also shows them.
| nom | acc | |
|---|---|---|
| 1s | la | ne |
| 2s | ue | sa |
| 3s.m | ṕé | má |
| 3s.f | á | ṕó |
Verbs
Tosï verbs mark for the past and future tenses (ćié- /d͡ʒi/ and ća /ga/ respectively) and the imperative mood (ćí- /gɨ/)
Other
Tosï has a negation suffix -sá /so/.
Latijöseŋi
- Main article: Latijöseŋi
In situations where the Nahan script is unavailable or where it is, but without the Strappo, people use what is called Latijöseŋi (Tosï: latézióseńé Latézióseńé [latiʒˈseŋi], lit. "Latin-becoming") to write in Tosï.[1]
- ↑ Transliterations into scripts other than Latin are permitted, but most people use Latijöseŋi in everyday writing. For more information on one such other transliteration, see Kyrizhǎsengi.