Cangic Languages: Difference between revisions

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The Cangic Languages are a group of languages descended from the Proto-Cang language (later form: Old Dang). These languges are spoken in [[Tanzang]] and its colonies.
The Cangic Languages are a group of languages descended from the Proto-Cang language. These languges are spoken in [[Tanzang]] and its colonies.


== Proto-Cang Language ==
== Proto-Cang Language ==
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|}
|}
The identities of reconstructed *v and *z are highly disputed. The most common consensus is /v z/. Some theorize /w j/. Some even say that they are /v z/ initially and /w j/ finally.
The identities of reconstructed *v and *z are highly disputed. The most common consensus is /v z/. Some theorize /w j/. Some even say that they are /v z/ initially and /w j/ finally.
<nowiki>*</nowiki>cʰ and *kʰ are also disputed. Some argue that *cʰ kʰ are actually /kʰ cʰ/.


Only the phonemes */m n ŋ p t k v z l/ can appear in syllable coda.
Only the phonemes */m n ŋ p t k v z l/ can appear in syllable coda.
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The Cangic language family consists of the following languages and branches:
The Cangic language family consists of the following languages and branches:


* [[Dangic languages|Dangic]]
* Dangic
** [[Tanzangi|Tanzangi Language]]
** [[Tanzangi]]
** [[Tanshe|Tanshe Language (Tenggee)]]
** [[Tanshe|Tanshe (Tengjee)]]
* [[Mossic languages|Mossic]]
* Mossic
** [[Moss|Moss Language (Muchài)]]
** [[Moss|Moss (Muchài)]]
** [[Batou|Batou Language (Bdû)]]
** [[Batou|Batou (Bdû)]]
* [[Ricset|Ricset Language (Fiksāt)]]
** [[Munyac|Munyac (Mungá)]]
* [[Quand|Quand Language]]
* [[Ricset|Ricset (Fiksāt)]]
* [[Quand]]
* [[Selbie|Selbie (Sjabæg)]]


=== Sound Correspondences ===
=== Sound Correspondences ===
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!Ricset
!Ricset
!Quand
!Quand
!Selbie
|-
|-
|*m
|*m
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|m
|m
|*m
|*m
|m
|m
|m
|m
|m
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|n
|n
|*n
|*n
|n
|n
|n
|n
|n
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|-
|-
|*ɲ
|*ɲ
|*ɲ
| rowspan="2" |*ɲ
|ɲ
| rowspan="2" |ɲ
| rowspan="2" |ɲ
| rowspan="2" |*ŋ
| rowspan="2" |ŋ
| rowspan="2" |ŋ
|j
|ɲ
|ɲ
|*ŋ
|ŋ
|ŋ
|j
|ɲ
|ɲ
|-
|-
|*ŋ
|*ŋ
|*ɲ
|ɲ
|ɲ
|*ŋ
|ŋ
|ŋ
|g
|g
|ŋ
|ŋ
|(ŋ)g
|-
|-
|*p
|*p
Line 162: Line 161:
|p
|p
|b
|b
|p
|-
|-
|*t
|*t
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|t
|t
|d
|d
|t
|-
|-
|*c
|*c
|*c
|*tʃ
|ts
|ts
|ʃ
|ʃ
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|tʂ
|tʂ
|g
|g
|tʃ
|-
|-
|*k
|*k
Line 192: Line 194:
|k
|k
|gʷ
|gʷ
|k
|-
|-
|*pʰ
|*pʰ
|*pʰ
|*f
|r
|r
|b
|v
|*pʰ
|*pʰ
|p (V˥˧)
|p (V˥˧)
Line 202: Line 205:
|ɸ
|ɸ
|p
|p
|f
|-
|-
|*tʰ
|*tʰ
|*tʰ
|*θ
|f
|f
|d
|z
|*tʰ
|*tʰ
|t (V˥˧)
|t (V˥˧)
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|θ
|θ
|t
|t
|θ
|-
|-
|*cʰ
|*cʰ
|*cʰ
|*ç
|s
|ɣ
|*tʃʰ
|tʃ (V˥˧)
|tʃʰ
|ʂ
|k
|ʃ
|ʃ
|-
|*kʰ
|*ʃ
|x
|ʒ
|ʒ
|*kʰ
|*kʰ
|k (V˥˧)
|k (V˥˧)
|kʰ
|kʰ
|ʂ
|k
|-
|*kʰ
|*kʰ
|s
|g
|*tʃʰ
|tʃ (V˥˧)
|tʃʰ
|q
|q
|kʷ
|kʷ
|χ
|-
|-
|*b
|*b
|*b
|*b
|b
|b
|v
|b
|*b
|*b
|p (V˩˧)
|p (V˩˧)
Line 242: Line 249:
|b
|b
|(m)b
|(m)b
|b
|-
|-
|*d
|*d
|*d
|*d
|d
|d
|z
|d
|*d
|*d
|t (V˩˧)
|t (V˩˧)
Line 252: Line 260:
|d
|d
|(n)d
|(n)d
|d
|-
|-
|*g
|*g
|*g
|*g
|g
|g
|ɣ
|g
|*g
|*g
|k (V˩˧)
|k (V˩˧)
Line 262: Line 271:
|g
|g
|(ŋ)g
|(ŋ)g
|g
|-
|-
|*ts
|*ts
|*ts
|*ts
|t
|t
|s
| rowspan="2" |s
|*ts
|*ts
|ts
|ts
Line 272: Line 282:
|r
|r
|s
|s
|st
|-
|-
|*v?
|*v
|f
|v
|*b
|p (V˩˧)
|b
|w
|v
|-
|*s
|*s
|*s
| rowspan="3" |s
|*s
|*s
|s
|s
|s
|s
|*s
|s
|s
|h
|s
|s
|-
|*ʃ
| rowspan="2" |*z
| rowspan="2" |z
|*ʃ
|ʃ
|ʃ
|g
|s
|s
|h
|dʒ
|-
|-
|*z?
|*z?
|*z
|s
|z
|*dʒ
|*dʒ
|tʃ (V˩˧)
|tʃ (V˩˧)
Line 302: Line 310:
|j
|j
|z, j
|z, j
|z
|-
|-
|*ʃ
|*v?
|*z
|*v
|s
|f
|z
|v
|*ʃ
|*b
|ʃ
|p (V˩˧)
|ʃ
|b
|g
|w
|s
|v
|ʋ
|-
|-
|*x
|*x
|*x
|*x
|h
|∅
|x
|x
|*x
|*x
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|χ
|χ
|f
|f
|ʁ
|-
|-
|*l
|*l
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|ɫ
|ɫ
|r
|r
|l
|-
|-
|*i
|*i
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|i
|i
|ɪ
|ɪ
|i
|i
|i
|-
|-
|*u
|*u
|*u
|*ʊ
|o
|o
|ʊ
|ʊ
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|u
|u
|ʊ
|ʊ
|y
|u
|-
|*ʉ
|*uː
|u
|uː
|*ʉ
|ju
|ɨ
|uː
|ø
|y
|y
|-
|-
|*ɨ(ː)
|*ɨ(ː)
|*ɯ
|*ɯ
|ɔ
| rowspan="2" |ɔ
|ɨː
|ɨː
|*ɨ
|*ɨ
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|iː
|iː
|u
|u
|i
|-
|-
|*ʉ
|*oː
|*ʉ
|*oː
|u
|oː
|*oː
|wɔ
|o
|uː
|uː
|*ʉ
|y, ∅
|ju
|oʊ̯
|ɨ
|uː
|ø
|-
|-
|*eː
|*eː
Line 382: Line 408:
|iː
|iː
|i, ∅
|i, ∅
|-
|eɪ̯
|*oː
|*oː
|ɔ
|oː
|*oː
|wɔ
|o
|uː
|y, ∅
|-
|-
|*ɛ
|*ɛ
Line 402: Line 419:
|æ
|æ
|e
|e
|eɐ̯
|-
|-
|*ɔ
|*ɔ
Line 412: Line 430:
|ɑː
|ɑː
|o
|o
|oɐ̯
|-
|-
|*a
|*a
Line 421: Line 440:
|∅
|∅
|æ
|æ
|a
|a
|a
|-
|-
Line 432: Line 452:
|ɑː
|ɑː
|u, ∅
|u, ∅
|a
|-
|-
|*-p
|*-p
Line 441: Line 462:
|p, f
|p, f
|p
|p
|t
|p
|(V) [-long] [+labialized]
|-
|-
|*-t
|*-t
Line 452: Line 474:
|t
|t
|k
|k
|(V) [-long] [+front]
|-
|-
|*-k
|*-k
Line 462: Line 485:
|k
|k
|∅
|∅
|(V) [-long]
|-
|-
|*-m
|*-m
Line 472: Line 496:
|b, m
|b, m
|m
|m
|(V) [+nasalized] [+labialized]
|-
|-
|*-n
|*-n
Line 482: Line 507:
|d, n
|d, n
|n
|n
|(V) [+nasalized] [+front]
|-
|-
|*-ŋ
|*-ŋ
Line 492: Line 518:
|g, ŋ
|g, ŋ
|ŋ
|ŋ
|(V) [+nasalized]
|-
|-
|*-v?
|*-v?
|*v
|*f
|f
|f
|f
|v
|*w
|*w
|w˧˩
|w˧˩
Line 502: Line 529:
|w
|w
|v
|v
|(V) [+long] [+labialized]
|-
|-
|*-z?
|*-z?
|*z
|*s
|s
|s
|s
|z
|*j
|*j
|j˧˩
|j˧˩
Line 512: Line 540:
|j
|j
|z
|z
|(V) [+long] [+front]
|-
|-
|*-l
|*-l
Line 522: Line 551:
|ɫ
|ɫ
|l
|l
|(V) [+long]
|}
|}
Proto-Mossic *-m: the sequences *im, *eːm, and *ɛm become Moss /y jœ œ/
Proto-Mossic *-m: the sequences *im, *eːm, and *ɛm become Moss /y jœ œ/. Otherwise, *-m nasalizes the preceding vowel.


A known clockwise vowel shift is known to have happened during the evolution from Proto-Dangic to modern Tanzangi.
A clockwise vowel shift is known to have happened during the evolution from Proto-Dangic to modern Tanzangi.
[[Category:Language Family]]
[[Category:Language Family]]

Latest revision as of 21:36, 18 January 2025

The Cangic Languages are a group of languages descended from the Proto-Cang language. These languges are spoken in Tanzang and its colonies.

Proto-Cang Language

Reconstructed Phonology

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal *m *n *ɲ *ŋ
Plosive Plain *p *t *c *k
Aspirated *pʰ *tʰ *cʰ *kʰ
Voiced *b *d *g
Affricate *ts
Fricative *v *s *z *ʃ *x
Liquid *l

The identities of reconstructed *v and *z are highly disputed. The most common consensus is /v z/. Some theorize /w j/. Some even say that they are /v z/ initially and /w j/ finally.

Only the phonemes */m n ŋ p t k v z l/ can appear in syllable coda.

Vowels

The Proto-Cang language had 10 vowels.

Front Central Back
Close i ɨ(ː) ʉ u
Close-Mid eː oː
Open-Mid ɛ ɔ
Open a ɑː

Descendants

The Cangic language family consists of the following languages and branches:

Sound Correspondences

Proto-Cang Proto-Dangic Tanzangi Tanshe Proto-Mossic Moss Batou Ricset Quand Selbie
*m *m m m *m m m m m m
*n *n n n *n n n n n n
*ɲ *ɲ ɲ ɲ *ŋ ŋ ŋ j ɲ ɲ
*ŋ g ŋ (ŋ)g
*p *p p p *p p (V˧) p p b p
*t *t t t *t t (V˧) t t d t
*c *tʃ ts ʃ *tʃ tʃ (V˧) tʃ tʂ g tʃ
*k *k k k *k k (V˧) k k gʷ k
*pʰ *f r v *pʰ p (V˥˧) pʰ ɸ p f
*tʰ *θ f z *tʰ t (V˥˧) tʰ θ t θ
*cʰ *ç s ɣ *tʃʰ tʃ (V˥˧) tʃʰ ʂ k ʃ
*kʰ *ʃ x ʒ *kʰ k (V˥˧) kʰ q kʷ χ
*b *b b b *b p (V˩˧) b b (m)b b
*d *d d d *d t (V˩˧) d d (n)d d
*g *g g g *g k (V˩˧) g g (ŋ)g g
*ts *ts t s *ts ts ts r s st
*s *s s *s s s s h s
*ʃ *z z *ʃ ʃ ʃ g s dʒ
*z? *dʒ tʃ (V˩˧) dʒ j z, j z
*v? *v f v *b p (V˩˧) b w v ʋ
*x *x ∅ x *x x x χ f ʁ
*l *l l l *l l l ɫ r l
*i *i i ɪ *i i i ɪ i i
*u *ʊ o ʊ *u u u ʊ y u
*ʉ *uː u uː *ʉ ju ɨ uː ø y
*ɨ(ː) *ɯ ɔ ɨː *ɨ wi ə iː u i
*oː *oː oː *oː wɔ o uː y, ∅ oʊ̯
*eː *iː ɨ iː *eː jɛ e iː i, ∅ eɪ̯
*ɛ *eː e eː *ɛ ɛ ɛ æ e eɐ̯
*ɔ *ɔ ɑ ɔ *ɔ ɔ ɔ ɑː o oɐ̯
*a *ə ə, ∅ ɛ *a a ∅ æ a a
*ɑː *a ɛ a *aː a a ɑː u, ∅ a
*-p *p p p *p w˧˥ p, f p p (V) [-long] [+labialized]
*-t *t t t *t j˧˥ t, s t k (V) [-long] [+front]
*-k *k k k *k ˧˥ k, x k ∅ (V) [-long]
*-m *m m m *m * m b, m m (V) [+nasalized] [+labialized]
*-n *n n n *n Ṽ n d, n n (V) [+nasalized] [+front]
*-ŋ *ŋ ŋ ŋ *ŋ Ṽ ŋ g, ŋ ŋ (V) [+nasalized]
*-v? *f f f *w w˧˩ w w v (V) [+long] [+labialized]
*-z? *s s s *j j˧˩ j j z (V) [+long] [+front]
*-l *l l l *l ˧˩ l ɫ l (V) [+long]

Proto-Mossic *-m: the sequences *im, *eːm, and *ɛm become Moss /y jœ œ/. Otherwise, *-m nasalizes the preceding vowel.

A clockwise vowel shift is known to have happened during the evolution from Proto-Dangic to modern Tanzangi.

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