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{{Infobox language|name=Kathyrian|family=Kathyric|era=today|scripts=[[Kathyrian alphabet]]|country=[[Kathyria]]|demonym=Kathyrian|endonym={{script|script=kathyr|t=Cäþiriacen}} ''Cäþiriacen''|number=1|usage=Non-law|lang-code=KTY}}
[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Kathyria]]
 
{{Infobox language|name=Kathyrian|pronunciation=/kəˈθɪrɪjən/|family=isolate|era=today|scripts=[[Greek alphabet]]|country=[[Kathyria]]|regulator=[[Katherine T. Awesome|katherine T. Awesome]]|endonym=καθήριαϊυ|number=1<ref>in Nguhcraft, obviously</ref>|usage=Everything in Kathyria|lang-code=kty}}


'''Kathyrian Urmhu''' (natively {{script|script=kathyr|t=Cäþiriacen Urmhu}} [kəθɪjˈjɑkɛn ʊɰˈmu]) is a language spoken in [[Kathyria, the Anarchic Queendom of|Kathyria]]. It is the revised version of Kathyrian. It officially uses the [[Kathyrian alphabet]].  
'''Kathyrian''' (natively καθήριαχϊυ ''kathýrjahiv'' /kæˈθɨrjæˌxiʋ/) is a language spoken in [[Kathyria]]. It officially uses the [[Greek alphabet]]. It seems to be a language isolate, as it bears no strong resemblance to any other known language. 


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
Kathyrian is analyzed to have 30 consonants and 9 vowels. The consonant inventory is as follows:
Kathyrian is usually analyzed to have 16 consonants.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
! colspan="2" |
!labial
!labial
!coronal
!coronal
!palatal
!dorsal
!velar
|- align="center"
!uvular
!nasal
!glottal
|-
| colspan="2" |nasal
|m
|m
|n
|n
|ɲ
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |stop
|voiceless
|p
|t
|
|k
|
|
|-
|sibilant
|p͡s
|t͡s
|t͡ʃ
|k͡s
|
|
|
|-
|- align="center"
|voiced
!stop
|b
|p b
|d
|t d
|d͡ʒ
|k g
|g
|- align="center"
|
!fricative
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |fricative
|voiceless
|f
|f
|θ
|θ s
|
|x
|
|- align="center"
|χ
!approximant
|h
|ʋ
|-
|sibilant
|
|s
|ʃ
|
|
|
|-
|lateral
|
|ɬ
|
|
|
|
|-
|voiced
|v
|ð
|
|ɣ
|ʁ
|
|-
|voiced sibilant
|
|z
|ʒ
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="2" |approximant
|w
|l
|l
|j
|j
|(w)
|- align="center"
!trill
|
|
|r
|
|
|}
|}
And the vowel inventory is:
Most linguists consider Kathyrian to have 7 vowels.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!
!front
!front
!central
!back
!back
|-
|- align="center"
|high oral
!high
|i
|i
|ɨ<ref>was probably historically /eː/</ref>
|u
|u
|-
|- align="center"
|high nasal
!mid
|ĩ̞
|ũ̞
|-
|mid
|e
|e
|
|o
|o
|-
|- align="center"
|low oral
!low
|æ
|æ
|ɑ
|
|-
|ɒ<ref>was probably historically /oː/</ref>
|low nasal
| colspan="2" |ã̞
|}
|}
Stress is placed on the final syllable if it is open and has a non-low vowel. Otherwise, stress falls on the penultimate syllable. Monosyllabic words are always stressed.


== Orthography ==
== Orthography ==
Kathyrian has its own alphabet. The alphabet has two forms for each letter: one for the start of proper nouns and sentences (as well as each letter in an initialism), and one for every other situation. All three common orthographies are described in the table below. In the Anglo orthography, clusters are broken up with apostrophes where they might be confused with digraphs.  
Kathyrian seems to have a mostly phonemic orthography.  
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!natively
!romanized
!phoneme
!phoneme
! colspan="2" |native
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" |mixed
|Α α
! colspan="2" |anglo
|A a
|-
|æ
|m
|- align="center"
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=M}}
|Β β
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=m}}
|B b
|M
|m
|M
|m
|-
|n
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=N}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=n}}
|N
|n
|N
|n
|-
|ɲ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ñ}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ñ}}
|Ñ
|ñ
|Ny
|ny
|-
|p
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=P}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=p}}
|P
|p
|P
|p
|-
|t
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=T}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=t}}
|T
|t
|T
|t
|-
|k
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=C}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=c}}
|C
|c
|K
|k
|-
|p͡s
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=W}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=w}}
|Ψ
|ψ
|Ps
|ps
|-
|t͡s
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ç}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ç}}
|Ʒ
|ʒ
|Ts
|ts
|-
|t͡ʃ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ċ}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ċ}}
|Ċ
|ċ
|Ch
|ch
|-
|k͡s
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=X}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=x}}
|X
|x
|X
|x
|-
|b
|b
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=B}}
|- align="center"
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=b}}
|Γ γ
|B
|G g
|b
|g
|B
|- align="center"
|b
|Δ δ
|-
|D d
|d
|d
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=D}}
|- align="center"
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=d}}
|Ε ε
|D
|E e
|d
|e
|D
|- align="center"
|d
|Ζ ζ
|-
|Zd zd
|d͡ʒ
|sd<ref>not its own phoneme, but a sequence that has its own letter</ref>
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ġ}}
|- align="center"
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ġ}}
|Η η
|Ġ
|Y y
|ġ
|ɨ
|J
|- align="center"
|j
|Θ θ
|-
|Th th
|g
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=G}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=g}}
|G
|g
|G
|g
|-
|f
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=F}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=f}}
|F
|f
|F
|f
|-
|θ
|θ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Þ}}
|- align="center"
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=þ}}
| rowspan="2" |Ι ι
|Þ
|J j
|þ
|Th
|th
|-
|χ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Qh}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=qh}}
|Qh
|qh
|Qh
|qh
|-
|h
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=H}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=h}}
|H
|h
|H
|h
|-
|s
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=&}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ß}}
|ẞ
|ß
|Ss
|ss
|-
|ʃ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ṡ}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ṡ}}
|Ṡ
|ṡ
|Sh
|sh
|-
|ɬ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ŀ}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ŀ}}
|Λ
|λ
|Lh
|lh
|-
|v
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=V}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=v}}
|V
|v
|V
|v
|-
|ð
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ð}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ð}}
|Ð
|ð
|Dh
|dh
|-
|ɣ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ğ}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ğ}}
|Ƣ
|ƣ
|Gh
|gh
|-
|ʁ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=R}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=r}}
|R
|r
|R
|r
|-
|z
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Z}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=z}}
|Z
|z
|Z
|z
|-
|ʒ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ż}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ż}}
|Ż
|ż
|Zh
|zh
|-
|w
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=U}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=u}}
|U
|u
|W
|w
|-
|l
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=L}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=l}}
|L
|l
|L
|l
|-
|j
|j
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=I}}
|- align="center"
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=i}}
|I i
|I
|i
|i
|Y
|- align="center"
|y
|Κ κ
|-
|K k
|s~z
|k
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=S}}
|- align="center"
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=s}}
|Λ λ
|S
|L l
|l
|- align="center"
|Μ μ
|M m
|m
|- align="center"
|Ν ν
|N n
|n
|- align="center"
|Ξ ξ
|Ks ks
|ks<ref>not its own phoneme, but a sequence that has its own letter</ref>
|- align="center"
|Ο ο
|O o
|o
|- align="center"
|Π π
|P p
|p
|- align="center"
|Ρ ρ
|R r
|r
|- align="center"
|Σ σ/ς
|S s
|s
|s
|S
|- align="center"
|s
|Τ τ
|-
|T t
|i
|t
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=I}}
|- align="center"
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=i}}
| rowspan="2" |Υ υ
|I
|V v
|i
|ʋ
|I
|- align="center"
|i
|U u
|-
|u
|u
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=U}}
|- align="center"
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=u}}
|Φ φ
|U
|F f
|u
|f
|U
|- align="center"
|u
|Χ χ
|-
|H h
|ĩ̞
|x
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Į}}
|- align="center"
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=į}}
|Ψ ψ
|Į
|Ps ps
|į
|ps<ref>not its own phoneme, but a sequence that has its own letter</ref>
|In
|- align="center"
|in
|Ω ω
|-
|Ao ao
|ũ̞
|ɒ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ų}}
|- align="center"
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ų}}
|΄
|Ų
|´
|ų
|<ref>used to mark irregular stress; regular stress falls on the penultimate syllable</ref>
|Un
|- align="center"
|un
|¨
|-
|¨
|e
|<ref>used to indicate that υ or ι is pronounced as the vowel phoneme rather than the consonant when next to another vowel letter; only used in the romanization to specify /æo/ rather than /ɒ/ or /tx/ rather than /θ/</ref>
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=E}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=e}}
|E
|e
|E
|e
|-
|o
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=O}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=o}}
|O
|o
|O
|o
|-
|æ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ä}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ä}}
|Ä
|ä
|Ae
|ae
|-
|ɑ
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=A}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=a}}
|A
|a
|A
|a
|-
|ã̞
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=Ą}}
|{{script|script=kathyr|t=ą}}
|Ą
|ą
|An
|an
|}
The mixed orthography will be used for the rest of this page.
 
== Grammar ==
 
=== Syntax ===
Kathyrian is a null copula language. The word order is "addressee, questionparticle verb subject object". Generally, the head of a noun or verb phrase is at the start of the phrase; however, the adposition is a preposition. A numeral before a noun indicates the cardinal form, and a numeral after indicates the ordinal form.
 
=== Morphology ===
Nouns are formed by attaching any of the four noun suffixes, depending on the situation:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!singular
!plural
|-
|definite
| -n / -en
| -es
|-
|indefinite
| -a
| -s / -as
|}
Verbs are formed by altering the last vowel of the word. The exact change depends on what the original vowel was.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!i, į, e
!perfective
!imperfective
|-
|past
|e
|į
|-
|present
|o
|ų
|-
|future
|ä
|ą
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!u, ų, o
!perfective
!imperfective
|-
|past
|o
|ų
|-
|present
|a
|ą
|-
|future
|e
|į
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!ä, a, ą
!perfective
!imperfective
|-
|past
|a
| rowspan="2" |ą
|-
|present
|ä
|-
|future
|i
|į
|}
Adjectives are formed using the suffix -c / -įc. Words that are inherently adjectives don't need this suffix. A word's meaning is negated by reduplicating the final syllable. The diminutive can be formed by either attaching the suffix -l / -el or by dropping unstressed syllables. The augmentative is formed by using the suffix -ψ / -oψ.


=== Pronouns ===
== Footnotes ==
Kathyrian has four persons (the speaker, the listener, a third party, someone/something being asked about) and temporal pronouns. The temporal pronouns simply refer to a point in time. Below is a pronoun table.
<references />
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" |
!singular
!plural
|-
| rowspan="2" |1st
|inclusive
| rowspan="2" |mi
|fti
|-
|exclusive
|vi
|-
| rowspan="3" |2nd
|formal
|voß
|vos
|-
|informal
|tu
|tus
|-
|intimate
|u
|us
|-
| rowspan="3" |3rd
|positive
|ψi
| rowspan="3" |sis
|-
|neutral
|ʒi
|-
|negative
|xi
|-
| rowspan="3" |4th
|personal
|huu
| rowspan="2" |huaψ
|-
|impersonal
|qhar
|-
|indefinite
|huor
|huors
|-
| colspan="2" |temporal
|erhra
|erhras
|}
In the third person pronouns, “positive”, “neutral”, and “negative” refer to the speaker’s opinion of the person or thing being referenced.
[[Category:Language]]

Latest revision as of 08:08, 20 January 2025

Kathyrian
Pronunciation/kəˈθɪrɪjən/
Language familyisolate
Eratoday
Writing systemGreek alphabet
Official status
Spoken inKathyria
Regulated bykatherine T. Awesome
Speaker
Endonymκαθήριαϊυ
Number of speakers1[1]
Technical information
UsageEverything in Kathyria
Language codekty


Kathyrian (natively καθήριαχϊυ kathýrjahiv /kæˈθɨrjæˌxiʋ/) is a language spoken in Kathyria. It officially uses the Greek alphabet. It seems to be a language isolate, as it bears no strong resemblance to any other known language.

Phonology

Kathyrian is usually analyzed to have 16 consonants.

labial coronal dorsal
nasal m n
stop p b t d k g
fricative f θ s x
approximant ʋ l j
trill r

Most linguists consider Kathyrian to have 7 vowels.

front central back
high i ɨ[2] u
mid e o
low æ ɒ[3]

Orthography

Kathyrian seems to have a mostly phonemic orthography.

natively romanized phoneme
Α α A a æ
Β β B b b
Γ γ G g g
Δ δ D d d
Ε ε E e e
Ζ ζ Zd zd sd[4]
Η η Y y ɨ
Θ θ Th th θ
Ι ι J j j
I i i
Κ κ K k k
Λ λ L l l
Μ μ M m m
Ν ν N n n
Ξ ξ Ks ks ks[5]
Ο ο O o o
Π π P p p
Ρ ρ R r r
Σ σ/ς S s s
Τ τ T t t
Υ υ V v ʋ
U u u
Φ φ F f f
Χ χ H h x
Ψ ψ Ps ps ps[6]
Ω ω Ao ao ɒ
΄ ´ [7]
¨ ¨ [8]

Footnotes

  1. ↑ in Nguhcraft, obviously
  2. ↑ was probably historically /eː/
  3. ↑ was probably historically /oː/
  4. ↑ not its own phoneme, but a sequence that has its own letter
  5. ↑ not its own phoneme, but a sequence that has its own letter
  6. ↑ not its own phoneme, but a sequence that has its own letter
  7. ↑ used to mark irregular stress; regular stress falls on the penultimate syllable
  8. ↑ used to indicate that υ or ι is pronounced as the vowel phoneme rather than the consonant when next to another vowel letter; only used in the romanization to specify /æo/ rather than /ɒ/ or /tx/ rather than /θ/
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