Kyawcenni language

Kyawcenni redirects here. For the people, see Kyawcenni people.

Kyawcenni
Language family	Kyawcennic
Early form(s)	Classical Kyawcenni
Era	ca. 2023 to today
Writing system	Latin, formerly Mon-Burmese
Official status
Spoken in	Kingdom of Kyaw Cen
Regulated by	Government of Kyaw Cen
Speaker
Demonym	Kyawcenni
Number of speakers	~12
Technical information
Usage	Government language
Language code	KYC

Kyawcenni is an analytic language spoken in Kingdom of Kyaw Cen and written in the Latin alphabet. Its early speakers originated from Marcyland.

Due to Kyaw Cen's continued centralization and standardization efforts, the language is very prone to change.

Phonology and Orthography

Consonants

Kyawcenni uses following consonants:

	Bilabial		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Palatal	Velar-Uvular
	unv	v	unv	v	unv	v		unv	v
Plosive	/p/	/b/	/t/	/d/				/k/	/g/
Nasal		/m/		/n/					/ŋ/ ⟨ng⟩
Fricative			/s/	/z/ [z,dz]¹	/ʃ/ ⟨š⟩	/ʒ/ [ʒ,dʒ]¹ ⟨j⟩	/ç/ ⟨x⟩	/χ/ ⟨h⟩
Affricate			/ts/ ⟨c⟩		/tʃ/ ⟨č⟩		/cç/ ⟨q⟩
Liquid				/l/		/ɻ/ ⟨r⟩	/j/ ⟨y⟩	/w/ [w,ɥ,ʊ̯,ʏ̯]² ³

[dz] and [dʒ] are used in onset position, while [z] and [ʒ] are used in coda position
² /w/ becomes [ɥ] before /y/
³ /w/ and /j/ turn into /ʊ̯/ (/ʏ̯/ before /y/) and /ɪ̯/ respectively in coda position.
<n> before a velar consonant is realized as /ŋ/.

Vowels

Kyawcenni uses following vowels:

-	Unrounded	Unrounded 2	Rounded	Rounded 2
Close	/i/ ⟨i⟩		/y/ ⟨u⟩
Near-close	/eː/ ⟨ê⟩	/ɚ/ ⟨ę⟩	/oː/ ⟨ô⟩
Open-mid	/ɛ/ ⟨e, ai⟩¹	/ɛː/ ⟨ai⟩	/ɔ/ ⟨o, au⟩¹	/ɔː/ ⟨au⟩
Open	/a/ [a], [ə] ⟨a⟩

¹ In the beginning of a word or in monosyllabic words, <ai> and <au> are pronounced as [ɛ] and [ɔ] respectively. The digraphic spellings are usually used in shorter or more commonly used words.

Stress

Stress in Kyawcenni mostly depends on the vowel. If a word includes one <ai> or <au>, the stress is on that vowel. If the word instead has one <ê> or <ô>, the stress is on that vowel. If the word doesn’t have any of the previously mentioned properties, stress is on the first syllable.

Phonotactics

Excluding vowels, a syllable can start with the following consonants:
p b t d m n s ts z l ʃ tʃ ʒ ç cç k χ ɡ j w ɻ
Excluding vowels, a syllable can end in the following consonants:
m n s ts z ʃ tʃ ʒ ç χ ŋ j w ɻ
If none of them appear directly before or after each other, following consonants can be used between consonant and vowel:
j w ɻ
A syllable can also begin with vowels, but it cannot begin with:
y i ɛː ɔː
/cç/ and /ç/ in coda position are only possible before /eː/, /y/ and /i/ or a consonant.
/cçj-/ or /çj-/ in one syllable are not allowed before /eː/, /y/ or /i/
/cç/ and /ç/ are not allowed before /w, ɻ/ in the same syllable
/ɻ/ or /ɚ/ next to /l/ is not possible
A postalveolar consonant before /j, w, ɻ/ is not possible
/ɻ/ and /ɚ/ cannot appear in the same syllable /ɡ/ cannot appear before <e>, <ê>, <ai>, , <y>

Syntax

The Syntax of Kyawcenni follows VSO word order by standard, but it is not strict. In speech and poetry other word orders can be found as well.
Adjective and adposition appear after the noun they modify.

Morphology

Kyawcenni words can be combined without a space, with the first word often being shortened to only one syllable:
Jongyitęnar = Ætérnalism
(First syllable of jonggyaw = religion + nominative of yitęnar = Ætérnal)

Nouns

Kyawcenni has four cases in total: Nominative Genitive-Dative Accusative Vocative

Nominalization

Adjectives and verbs can be turned into nouns by adding the -nu suffix.

Nominative

The Nominative case doesn’t have any ending, not sure what else to say here:
cun, bwis, bim, awč, kyaw, nawiy, gešeng

Genitive-Dative

The Genitive-Dative case is used for indirect objects and after prepositions.
It is formed by adding a -ne suffix:
cunne, bwisne, bimne, awčne, kyawne, nawiyne
Except for words ending in -ng, which changes to -nne
gešenne
and for words ending in -na, which is shortened to -n-
Botswaunne

Accusative

The Accusative case is formed by adding a -ni suffix:
cunni, bwisni, bimni, awčni
Except for words ending in -ng, after which -gi is added:
gešenggi
And words ending in -w or -y, after which just -i is added:
kyawi, nawiyi
and for words ending in -na, which is shortened to -n-
Botswaunni

Vocative

The Vocative case is formed by adding a -ne suffix:
cunne, bwisne, bimne, awčne
Except for words ending in -ng, after which -ge is added:
gešengge
And words ending in -w or -y, after which just -e is added:
kyawe, nawiye
and for words ending in -na, which is shortened to -n-
Botswaunne

Verbs

There are three suffixes that can be added to verbs in the following order:

Assumption: -si benzang → benzangsi x ≈ I assume x calculates
Subjunctive: -ga benzang → benzangga x ≈ x would calculate
Past: -dah benzang → benzangdah x ≈ x calculated

Those can also be combined:
benzang → benzangsigadah ≈ I assume x would have calculated

Transitive verbs usually end in -em, -en or -me. Those suffixes are omitted in the conjugated form.

Exceptions: There are some exceptions for verbs that don’t just add suffixes, but change their stem:
bęč (walk) → bih in Past tense, not bęčdah

Adjectives

For comparatives, you just double the last syllable of the adjective:

paš (good) → pašpaš (better)

For superlatives, you just add najne (all in genitive case) after the comparative form.

Vocabulary

Main article: Kyawcenni vocabulary