Cangic Languages: Difference between revisions

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The Cangic Languages are a group on languages descended from the Proto-Cang language (later form: Old Dang). These languges are spoken in [[Tanzang]] and its colonies.
The Cangic Languages are a group of languages descended from the Proto-Cang language. These languges are spoken in [[Tanzang]] and its colonies.
 
== Proto-Cang Language ==
 
=== Reconstructed Phonology ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|*m
|*n
|*ɲ
|*ŋ
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
!Plain
|*p
|*t
|*c
|*k
|-
!Aspirated
|*pʰ
|*tʰ
|*cʰ
|*kʰ
|-
!Voiced
|*b
|*d
|*ɟ
|*g
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
|
|*s
|
|*x
|-
! colspan="2" |Liquid
|*w
|*l
|*j
|
|-
! colspan="2" |???
|*bʰ
|*T
|*š
|
|}
 
The exact identities of the reconstructed phonemes *bʰ *T and *š are unknown. *bʰ may be /v~β~w~ⁿb/, *T may be /t͡s~θ~tˀ/, and *š may be /ʃ~ʂ~ʐ~ɹ/.Only the phonemes *m *n *ŋ *p *t *k *w *j and *l can appear in syllable coda, and *w and *j are exclusive to the coda. *w and *j may be the same phoneme as *bʰ and *ɟ.
 
=== Vowels ===
The Proto-Cang language had 10 vowels.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Front
!Back
|-
!Close
|*i *y
|*ɯ *u
|-
!Close-Mid
|*eː
|*oː
|-
!Open-Mid
|*ɛ
|*ɔ
|-
!Open
| colspan="2" |*a *aː
|}
 
== Descendants ==
The Cangic language family consists of the following languages and branches:
 
* Dangic
** [[Tanzangi]]
** [[Moss|Moss (Morasi)]]
** [[Telia|Telia (Tili)]]
* Maghrabi
** [[Lupsidd|Lupsir (Makraba)]]
** [[Zidatla|Zidatla (Magḷaba)]]
 
=== Sound Correspondences ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Proto-Cang
!Proto-Dangic
!Tanzangi
!Moss
!Telia
!Proto-Maghrabi
!Lupsir
!Zidatla
|-
|*m
|*m
|m
|m
|m
|*m
|m
|m
|-
|*n
|*n
|n
| rowspan="3" |n
|n
|*n
|n
|n
|-
|*ɲ
| rowspan="2" |*ɲ
| rowspan="2" |ɲ
| rowspan="2" |ɲ
|*ɟ
|ɟ
|dʒ
|-
|*ŋ
|*g
|g
|g
|-
|*p
|*p
|p
|ɸ
|p
|*p
|p
|p
|-
|*t
|*t
|t
|θ
|t
|*t
|t
|t
|-
|*c
|*tʃ
|θ
|ʃ
|tʃ
|*c
|c
|tʃ
|-
|*k
|*k
|k
|x
|k
|*k
|k
|k
|-
|*pʰ
|*ʍ
|j
|v
|ɸ
|*pʰ
|f
|f
|-
|*tʰ
|*θ
|f
|z
|θ
|*tʰ
|s
|ts
|-
|*cʰ
|*ç
|ʃ
|ɦ
|χ
|*cʰ
|ç
|ʃ
|-
|*kʰ
|*ʃ
|x
|ʒ
|ʃ
|*kʰ
|χ
|kɬ
|-
|*b
|*b
|b
|b
|b
|*ɓ
|ɓ
|p’
|-
|*d
|*d
|d
|d
|d
|*ɗ
|ɗ
|t’
|-
|*ɟ
|*z
|s
|z
|r
|*d
|d
|d
|-
|*g
|*g
|g
|g
|g
|*ʄ
|ʄ
|k’
|-
|*bʰ
|*w
|j
|v
|b
|*b
|b
|b
|-
|*T
|*ts
|t
| rowspan="2" |s
|dʒ
|*ʔ
|h
|x
|-
|*s
|*s
| rowspan="2" |s
|s
|*s
|s
|s
|-
|*š
|*z
|z
|r
|*h
|h
|x
|-
|*x
|*h
|∅
|h
|h
|*x
|h
|x
|-
|*l
|*l
|l
|l
|l
|*l
|ɫ
|l
|-
|*i
|*i
|i
|i
|jə~ʒə
|*i
|i
|i
|-
|*y
|*uː
|u
|u
|wa~va
|*ə͡i
|eɪ̯
|ʷi
|-
|*ɯ
|*ɯ
|o
|ə
|i
|*ə͡u
|oʊ̯
|ʲu
|-
|*u
|*u
|o
|o
|wə~və
|*u
|u
|u
|-
|*eː
|*iː
|ɨː
|ɨ
|ja~ʒa
|*a͡i
|aɪ̯
|ˤi
|-
|*ɛ
|*e
|e
|e
|e
|*i͡a
|ɛ
|ʲɑ
|-
|*oː
|*oː
|ɔː
|ɒ
|u
|*a͡u
|aʊ̯
|ˤu
|-
|*ɔ
|*ɔ
|aː
| rowspan="2" |ɐ
|o
|*u͡a
|ɔ
|ʷɑ
|-
|*a
|*ə
|ə, ∅
|ə
|*a
|a
|ɑ
|-
|*aː
|*a
|ɛː
|æ
|a
|*ɹV
|ɻ*
|(r)*
|-
|*-p
|*p
|p
|p
|p
|*p
|p
|p
|-
|*-t
|*t
|t
|t
|t
|*t
|t
|t
|-
|*-k
|*k
|k
|k
|k
|*k
|k
|k
|-
|*-m
|*m
|m
|m
|m
|*m
|m
|m
|-
|*-n
|*n
|n
|n
|n
|*n
|n
|n
|-
|*-ŋ
|*ŋ
|ŋ
|ŋ
|j
|*g
|g
|g
|-
|*-w
|*f
|ə̯
|f
|w
|*b
|b
|b
|-
|*-j
|*s
|s
|s
|s
|*d
|d
|d
|-
|*-l
|*l
|l
|l
|l
|*l
|ɫ
|l
|}
Proto-Maghrabi *ʔ and *h nearly always apply a change to an adjacent phoneme rather than becoming their listed descendant.
 
Proto-Maghrabi *V: this vowel assimilates to the following vowel at some point during the evolution of both Lupsir and Zidatla. However, they assimilate differently in each language.
 
A clockwise vowel shift is known to have happened during the evolution from Proto-Dangic to modern Tanzangi.
[[Category:Language Family]]

Latest revision as of 15:24, 12 November 2025

The Cangic Languages are a group of languages descended from the Proto-Cang language. These languges are spoken in Tanzang and its colonies.

Proto-Cang Language

Reconstructed Phonology

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal *m *n *ɲ *ŋ
Plosive Plain *p *t *c *k
Aspirated *pʰ *tʰ *cʰ *kʰ
Voiced *b *d *ɟ *g
Fricative *s *x
Liquid *w *l *j
??? *bʰ *T *š

The exact identities of the reconstructed phonemes *bʰ *T and *š are unknown. *bʰ may be /v~β~w~ⁿb/, *T may be /t͡s~θ~tˀ/, and *š may be /ʃ~ʂ~ʐ~ɹ/.Only the phonemes *m *n *ŋ *p *t *k *w *j and *l can appear in syllable coda, and *w and *j are exclusive to the coda. *w and *j may be the same phoneme as *bʰ and *ɟ.

Vowels

The Proto-Cang language had 10 vowels.

Front Back
Close *i *y *ɯ *u
Close-Mid *eː *oː
Open-Mid *ɛ *ɔ
Open *a *aː

Descendants

The Cangic language family consists of the following languages and branches:

Sound Correspondences

Proto-Cang Proto-Dangic Tanzangi Moss Telia Proto-Maghrabi Lupsir Zidatla
*m *m m m m *m m m
*n *n n n n *n n n
*ɲ *ɲ ɲ ɲ *ɟ ɟ dʒ
*ŋ *g g g
*p *p p ɸ p *p p p
*t *t t θ t *t t t
*c *tʃ θ ʃ tʃ *c c tʃ
*k *k k x k *k k k
*pʰ *ʍ j v ɸ *pʰ f f
*tʰ *θ f z θ *tʰ s ts
*cʰ *ç ʃ ɦ χ *cʰ ç ʃ
*kʰ *ʃ x ʒ ʃ *kʰ χ kɬ
*b *b b b b *ɓ ɓ p’
*d *d d d d *ɗ ɗ t’
*ɟ *z s z r *d d d
*g *g g g g *ʄ ʄ k’
*bʰ *w j v b *b b b
*T *ts t s dʒ *ʔ h x
*s *s s s *s s s
*š *z z r *h h x
*x *h ∅ h h *x h x
*l *l l l l *l ɫ l
*i *i i i jə~ʒə *i i i
*y *uː u u wa~va *ə͡i eɪ̯ ʷi
*ɯ *ɯ o ə i *ə͡u oʊ̯ ʲu
*u *u o o wə~və *u u u
*eː *iː ɨː ɨ ja~ʒa *a͡i aɪ̯ ˤi
*ɛ *e e e e *i͡a ɛ ʲɑ
*oː *oː ɔː ɒ u *a͡u aʊ̯ ˤu
*ɔ *ɔ aː ɐ o *u͡a ɔ ʷɑ
*a *ə ə, ∅ ə *a a ɑ
*aː *a ɛː æ a *ɹV ɻ* (r)*
*-p *p p p p *p p p
*-t *t t t t *t t t
*-k *k k k k *k k k
*-m *m m m m *m m m
*-n *n n n n *n n n
*-ŋ *ŋ ŋ ŋ j *g g g
*-w *f ə̯ f w *b b b
*-j *s s s s *d d d
*-l *l l l l *l ɫ l

Proto-Maghrabi *ʔ and *h nearly always apply a change to an adjacent phoneme rather than becoming their listed descendant.

Proto-Maghrabi *V: this vowel assimilates to the following vowel at some point during the evolution of both Lupsir and Zidatla. However, they assimilate differently in each language.

A clockwise vowel shift is known to have happened during the evolution from Proto-Dangic to modern Tanzangi.

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