Cangic Languages: Difference between revisions

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The Cangic Languages are a group on languages descended from the Proto-Cang language (later form: Old Dang). These languges are spoken in [[Tanzang]] and its colonies.
The Cangic Languages are a group of languages descended from the Proto-Cang language. These languges are spoken in [[Tanzang]] and its colonies.


== Proto-Cang Language ==
== Proto-Cang Language ==
Line 11: Line 11:
!Velar
!Velar
|-
|-
| colspan="2" |Nasal
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|*m
|*m
|*n
|*n
Line 17: Line 17:
|*ŋ
|*ŋ
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" |Plosive
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
|Plain
!Plain
|*p
|*p
|*t
|*t
Line 24: Line 24:
|*k
|*k
|-
|-
|Aspirated
!Aspirated
|*pʰ
|*pʰ
|*tʰ
|*tʰ
Line 30: Line 30:
|*kʰ
|*kʰ
|-
|-
|Voiced
!Voiced
|*b
|*b
|*d
|*d
Line 36: Line 36:
|*g
|*g
|-
|-
| colspan="2" |Affricate
! colspan="2" |Affricate
|
|
|*ts
|*ts
Line 42: Line 42:
|
|
|-
|-
| colspan="2" |Fricative
! colspan="2" |Fricative
|*v
|*v
|*s *z
|*s *z
Line 48: Line 48:
|*x
|*x
|-
|-
| colspan="2" |Liquid
! colspan="2" |Liquid
|
|
|*l
|*l
Line 57: Line 57:


<nowiki>*</nowiki>cʰ and *kʰ are also disputed. Some argue that *cʰ kʰ are actually /kʰ cʰ/.
<nowiki>*</nowiki>cʰ and *kʰ are also disputed. Some argue that *cʰ kʰ are actually /kʰ cʰ/.
Only the phonemes */m n ŋ p t k v z l/ can appear in syllable coda.
=== Vowels ===
The Proto-Cang language had 10 vowels.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Front
!Central
!Back
|-
!Close
|i
|ɨ(ː) ʉ
|u
|-
!Close-Mid
|eː
|
|oː
|-
!Open-Mid
|ɛ
|
|ɔ
|-
!Open
| colspan="2" |a
|ɑː
|}
== Descendants ==
The Cangic language family consists of the following languages and branches:
* [[Dangic languages|Dangic]]
** [[Tanzangi|Tanzangi Language]]
** [[Tanshe|Tanshe Language (Tenggee)]]
* [[Mossic languages|Mossic]]
** [[Moss|Moss Language (Muchài)]]
** [[Batou|Batou Language (Bdû)]]
* [[Ricset|Ricset Language (Fiksāt)]]
* [[Quand|Quand Language]]
=== Sound Correspondences ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Proto-Cang
!Proto-Dangic
!Tanzangi
!Tanshe
!Proto-Mossic
!Moss
!Batou
!Ricset
!Quand
|-
|*m
|*m
|m
|m
|*m
|m
|m
|m
|m
|-
|*n
|*n
|n
|n
|*n
|n
|n
|n
|n
|-
|*ɲ
|*ɲ
|ɲ
|ɲ
|*ŋ
|ŋ
|ŋ
|j
|ɲ
|-
|*ŋ
|*ɲ
|ɲ
|ɲ
|*ŋ
|ŋ
|ŋ
|g
|ŋ
|-
|*p
|*p
|p
|p
|*p
|p (V˧)
|p
|p
|b
|-
|*t
|*t
|t
|t
|*t
|t (V˧)
|t
|t
|d
|-
|*c
|*tʃ
|ts
|ʃ
|*tʃ
|tʃ (V˧)
|tʃ
|tʂ
|g
|-
|*k
|*k
|k
|k
|*k
|k (V˧)
|k
|k
|gʷ
|-
|*pʰ
|*pʰ
|r
|b
|*pʰ
|p (V˥˧)
|pʰ
|ɸ
|p
|-
|*tʰ
|*tʰ
|f
|d
|*tʰ
|t (V˥˧)
|tʰ
|θ
|t
|-
|*cʰ
|*tʃʰ
|ʃ
|ʒ
|*kʰ
|k (V˥˧)
|kʰ
|ʂ
|k
|-
|*kʰ
|*kʰ
|s
|g
|*tʃʰ
|tʃ (V˥˧)
|tʃʰ
|q
|kʷ
|-
|*b
|*b
|b
|v
|*b
|p (V˩˧)
|b
|b
|(m)b
|-
|*d
|*d
|d
|z
|*d
|t (V˩˧)
|d
|d
|(n)d
|-
|*g
|*g
|g
|ɣ
|*g
|k (V˩˧)
|g
|g
|(ŋ)g
|-
|*ts
|*ts
|t
|s
|*ts
|ts
|ts
|r
|s
|-
|*v?
|*v
|f
|v
|*b
|p (V˩˧)
|b
|w
|v
|-
|*s
|*s
|s
|s
|*s
|s
|s
|s
|h
|-
|*z?
|*z
|s
|z
|*dʒ
|tʃ (V˩˧)
|dʒ
|j
|z, j
|-
|*ʃ
|*z
|s
|z
|*ʃ
|ʃ
|ʃ
|g
|s
|-
|*x
|*x
|h
|x
|*x
|x
|x
|χ
|f
|-
|*l
|*l
|l
|l
|*l
|l
|l
|ɫ
|r
|-
|*i
|*i
|i
|ɪ
|*i
|i
|i
|ɪ
|i
|-
|*u
|*u
|o
|ʊ
|*u
|u
|u
|ʊ
|y
|-
|*ɨ(ː)
|*ɯ
|ɔ
|ɨː
|*ɨ
|wi
|ə
|iː
|u
|-
|*ʉ
|*ʉ
|u
|uː
|*ʉ
|ju
|ɨ
|uː
|ø
|-
|*eː
|*iː
|ɨ
|iː
|*eː
|jɛ
|e
|iː
|i, ∅
|-
|*oː
|*oː
|ɔ
|oː
|*oː
|wɔ
|o
|uː
|y, ∅
|-
|*ɛ
|*eː
|e
|eː
|*ɛ
|ɛ
|ɛ
|æ
|e
|-
|*ɔ
|*ɔ
|ɑ
|ɔ
|*ɔ
|ɔ
|ɔ
|ɑː
|o
|-
|*a
|*ə
|ə, ∅
|ɛ
|*a
|a
|∅
|æ
|a
|-
|*ɑː
|*a
|ɛ
|a
|*aː
|a
|a
|ɑː
|u, ∅
|-
|*-p
|*p
|p
|p
|*p
|w˧˥
|p, f
|p
|t
|-
|*-t
|*t
|t
|t
|*t
|j˧˥
|t, s
|t
|k
|-
|*-k
|*k
|k
|k
|*k
|˧˥
|k, x
|k
|∅
|-
|*-m
|*m
|m
|m
|*m
|*
|m
|b, m
|m
|-
|*-n
|*n
|n
|n
|*n
|Ṽ
|n
|d, n
|n
|-
|*-ŋ
|*ŋ
|ŋ
|ŋ
|*ŋ
|Ṽ
|ŋ
|g, ŋ
|ŋ
|-
|*-v?
|*v
|f
|v
|*w
|w˧˩
|w
|w
|v
|-
|*-z?
|*z
|s
|z
|*j
|j˧˩
|j
|j
|z
|-
|*-l
|*l
|l
|l
|*l
|˧˩
|l
|ɫ
|l
|}
Proto-Mossic *-m: the sequences *im, *eːm, and *ɛm become Moss /y jœ œ/
A known clockwise vowel shift is known to have happened during the evolution from Proto-Dangic to modern Tanzangi.
[[Category:Language Family]]
[[Category:Language Family]]

Latest revision as of 21:27, 19 December 2024

The Cangic Languages are a group of languages descended from the Proto-Cang language. These languges are spoken in Tanzang and its colonies.

Proto-Cang Language

Reconstructed Phonology

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal *m *n *ɲ *ŋ
Plosive Plain *p *t *c *k
Aspirated *pʰ *tʰ *cʰ *kʰ
Voiced *b *d *g
Affricate *ts
Fricative *v *s *z *ʃ *x
Liquid *l

The identities of reconstructed *v and *z are highly disputed. The most common consensus is /v z/. Some theorize /w j/. Some even say that they are /v z/ initially and /w j/ finally.

*cʰ and *kʰ are also disputed. Some argue that *cʰ kʰ are actually /kʰ cʰ/.

Only the phonemes */m n ŋ p t k v z l/ can appear in syllable coda.

Vowels

The Proto-Cang language had 10 vowels.

Front Central Back
Close i ɨ(ː) ʉ u
Close-Mid eː oː
Open-Mid ɛ ɔ
Open a ɑː

Descendants

The Cangic language family consists of the following languages and branches:

Sound Correspondences

Proto-Cang Proto-Dangic Tanzangi Tanshe Proto-Mossic Moss Batou Ricset Quand
*m *m m m *m m m m m
*n *n n n *n n n n n
*ɲ *ɲ ɲ ɲ *ŋ ŋ ŋ j ɲ
*ŋ *ɲ ɲ ɲ *ŋ ŋ ŋ g ŋ
*p *p p p *p p (V˧) p p b
*t *t t t *t t (V˧) t t d
*c *tʃ ts ʃ *tʃ tʃ (V˧) tʃ tʂ g
*k *k k k *k k (V˧) k k gʷ
*pʰ *pʰ r b *pʰ p (V˥˧) pʰ ɸ p
*tʰ *tʰ f d *tʰ t (V˥˧) tʰ θ t
*cʰ *tʃʰ ʃ ʒ *kʰ k (V˥˧) kʰ ʂ k
*kʰ *kʰ s g *tʃʰ tʃ (V˥˧) tʃʰ q kʷ
*b *b b v *b p (V˩˧) b b (m)b
*d *d d z *d t (V˩˧) d d (n)d
*g *g g ɣ *g k (V˩˧) g g (ŋ)g
*ts *ts t s *ts ts ts r s
*v? *v f v *b p (V˩˧) b w v
*s *s s s *s s s s h
*z? *z s z *dʒ tʃ (V˩˧) dʒ j z, j
*ʃ *z s z *ʃ ʃ ʃ g s
*x *x h x *x x x χ f
*l *l l l *l l l ɫ r
*i *i i ɪ *i i i ɪ i
*u *u o ʊ *u u u ʊ y
*ɨ(ː) *ɯ ɔ ɨː *ɨ wi ə iː u
*ʉ *ʉ u uː *ʉ ju ɨ uː ø
*eː *iː ɨ iː *eː jɛ e iː i, ∅
*oː *oː ɔ oː *oː wɔ o uː y, ∅
*ɛ *eː e eː *ɛ ɛ ɛ æ e
*ɔ *ɔ ɑ ɔ *ɔ ɔ ɔ ɑː o
*a *ə ə, ∅ ɛ *a a ∅ æ a
*ɑː *a ɛ a *aː a a ɑː u, ∅
*-p *p p p *p w˧˥ p, f p t
*-t *t t t *t j˧˥ t, s t k
*-k *k k k *k ˧˥ k, x k ∅
*-m *m m m *m * m b, m m
*-n *n n n *n Ṽ n d, n n
*-ŋ *ŋ ŋ ŋ *ŋ Ṽ ŋ g, ŋ ŋ
*-v? *v f v *w w˧˩ w w v
*-z? *z s z *j j˧˩ j j z
*-l *l l l *l ˧˩ l ɫ l

Proto-Mossic *-m: the sequences *im, *eːm, and *ɛm become Moss /y jœ œ/

A known clockwise vowel shift is known to have happened during the evolution from Proto-Dangic to modern Tanzangi.

Retrieved from ‘https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Cangic_Languages&oldid=18396’