Cangic Languages: Difference between revisions

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The Cangic Languages are a group of languages descended from the Proto-Cang language (later form: Old Dang). These languges are spoken in [[Tanzang]] and its colonies.
The Cangic Languages are a group of languages descended from the Proto-Cang language. These languges are spoken in [[Tanzang]] and its colonies.


== Proto-Cang Language ==
== Proto-Cang Language ==
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!Batou
!Batou
!Ricset
!Ricset
!Quandish
!Quand
|-
|-
|*m
|*m
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|-
|-
|*ŋ
|*ŋ
|*ɲ, *ŋ
|*ɲ
|ɲ, ŋ
|ɲ
|ɲ, ŋ
|ɲ
|*ŋ
|*ŋ
|ŋ
|ŋ
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|p
|p
|*p
|*p
|p
|p (V˧)
|p
|p
|p
|p
Line 168: Line 168:
|t
|t
|*t
|*t
|t
|t (V˧)
|t
|t
|t
|t
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|-
|-
|*c
|*c
|*c
|*tʃ
|ts
|ts
|ʃ
|ʃ
|*k
|*tʃ
|k
|tʃ (V˧)
|k
|tʃ
|tʃ
|tʂ
|g
|g
|-
|-
Line 187: Line 187:
|k
|k
|k
|k
|*tʃ
|*k
|tʃ
|k (V˧)
|tʃ
|k
|k
|k
|gʷ
|gʷ
|-
|-
|*pʰ
|*pʰ
|
|*pʰ
|
|r
|
|b
|
|*pʰ
|
|p (V˥˧)
|
|pʰ
|
|ɸ
|
|p
|-
|-
|*tʰ
|*tʰ
|
|*tʰ
|
|f
|
|d
|
|*tʰ
|
|t (V˥˧)
|
|tʰ
|
|θ
|
|t
|-
|-
|*cʰ
|*cʰ
|
|*tʃʰ
|
|ʃ
|
|ʒ
|
|*kʰ
|
|k (V˥˧)
|
|kʰ
|
|ʂ
|
|k
|-
|-
|*kʰ
|*kʰ
|
|*kʰ
|
|s
|
|g
|
|*tʃʰ
|
|tʃ (V˥˧)
|
|tʃʰ
|
|q
|
|kʷ
|-
|-
|*b
|*b
|
|*b
|
|b
|
|v
|
|*b
|
|p (V˩˧)
|
|b
|
|b
|
|(m)b
|-
|-
|*d
|*d
|
|*d
|
|d
|
|z
|
|*d
|
|t (V˩˧)
|
|d
|
|d
|
|(n)d
|-
|-
|*g
|*g
|
|*g
|
|g
|
|ɣ
|
|*g
|
|k (V˩˧)
|
|g
|
|g
|
|(ŋ)g
|-
|-
|*ts
|*ts
|
|*ts
|
|t
|
|s
|
|*ts
|
|ts
|
|ts
|
|r
|
|s
|-
|-
|*v?
|*v
|*v
|
|f
|
|v
|
|*b
|
|p (V˩˧)
|
|b
|
|w
|
|v
|
|-
|-
|*s
|*s
|
|*s
|
|s
|
|s
|
|*s
|
|s
|
|s
|
|s
|
|h
|-
|-
|*z?
|*z
|*z
|
|s
|
|z
|
|*dʒ
|
|tʃ (V˩˧)
|
|dʒ
|
|j
|
|z, j
|
|-
|-
|*ʃ
|*ʃ
|
|*z
|
|s
|
|z
|
|*ʃ
|
|ʃ
|
|ʃ
|
|g
|
|s
|-
|-
|*x
|*x
|
|*x
|
|h
|
|x
|
|*x
|
|x
|
|x
|
|χ
|
|f
|-
|-
|*l
|*l
|
|*l
|
|l
|
|l
|
|*l
|
|l
|
|l
|
|ɫ
|
|r
|-
|-
|*i
|*i
|
|*i
|
|i
|
|ɪ
|
|*i
|
|i
|
|i
|
|ɪ
|
|i
|-
|-
|*u
|*u
|
|*u
|
|o
|
|ʊ
|
|*u
|
|u
|
|u
|
|ʊ
|
|y
|-
|-
|*ɨ(ː)
|*ɨ(ː)
|
|*ɯ
|
|ɔ
|
|ɨː
|
|*ɨ
|
|wi
|
|ə
|
|iː
|
|u
|-
|-
|*ʉ
|*ʉ
|
|*ʉ
|
|u
|
|uː
|
|*ʉ
|
|ju
|
|ɨ
|
|uː
|
|ø
|-
|-
|*eː
|*eː
|
|*iː
|
|ɨ
|
|iː
|
|*eː
|
|jɛ
|
|e
|
|iː
|
|i, ∅
|-
|-
|*oː
|*oː
|
|*oː
|
|ɔ
|
|oː
|
|*oː
|
|wɔ
|
|o
|
|uː
|
|y, ∅
|-
|-
|*ɛ
|*ɛ
|
|*eː
|
|e
|
|eː
|
|*ɛ
|
|ɛ
|
|ɛ
|
|æ
|
|e
|-
|-
|*ɔ
|*ɔ
|
|*ɔ
|
|ɑ
|
|ɔ
|
|*ɔ
|
|ɔ
|
|ɔ
|
|ɑː
|
|o
|-
|-
|*a
|*a
|
|*ə
|
|ə, ∅
|
|ɛ
|
|*a
|
|a
|
|∅
|
|æ
|
|a
|-
|-
|*ɑː
|*ɑː
|
|*a
|
|ɛ
|
|a
|
|*aː
|
|a
|
|a
|
|ɑː
|
|u, ∅
|-
|-
|*-p
|*-p
|
|*p
|
|p
|
|p
|
|*p
|
|w˧˥
|
|p, f
|
|p
|
|t
|-
|-
|*-t
|*-t
|
|*t
|
|t
|
|t
|
|*t
|
|j˧˥
|
|t, s
|
|t
|
|k
|-
|-
|*-k
|*-k
|
|*k
|
|k
|
|k
|
|*k
|
|˧˥
|
|k, x
|
|k
|
|∅
|-
|-
|*-m
|*-m
|
|*m
|
|m
|
|m
|
|*m
|
|*
|
|m
|
|b, m
|
|m
|-
|-
|*-n
|*-n
|
|*n
|
|n
|
|n
|
|*n
|
|Ṽ
|
|n
|
|d, n
|
|n
|-
|-
|*-ŋ
|*-ŋ
|
|*ŋ
|
|ŋ
|
|ŋ
|
|*ŋ
|
|Ṽ
|
|ŋ
|
|g, ŋ
|
|ŋ
|-
|-
|*-v
|*-v?
|
|*v
|
|f
|
|v
|
|*w
|
|w˧˩
|
|w
|
|w
|
|v
|-
|-
|*-z
|*-z?
|
|*z
|
|s
|
|z
|
|*j
|
|j˧˩
|
|j
|
|j
|
|z
|-
|-
|*-l
|*-l
|
|*l
|
|l
|
|l
|
|*l
|
|˧˩
|
|l
|
|ɫ
|
|l
|}
|}
Proto-Mossic *-m: the sequences *im, *eːm, and *ɛm become Moss /y jœ œ/
A known clockwise vowel shift is known to have happened during the evolution from Proto-Dangic to modern Tanzangi.
[[Category:Language Family]]
[[Category:Language Family]]

Latest revision as of 21:27, 19 December 2024

The Cangic Languages are a group of languages descended from the Proto-Cang language. These languges are spoken in Tanzang and its colonies.

Proto-Cang Language

Reconstructed Phonology

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal *m *n *ɲ *ŋ
Plosive Plain *p *t *c *k
Aspirated *pʰ *tʰ *cʰ *kʰ
Voiced *b *d *g
Affricate *ts
Fricative *v *s *z *ʃ *x
Liquid *l

The identities of reconstructed *v and *z are highly disputed. The most common consensus is /v z/. Some theorize /w j/. Some even say that they are /v z/ initially and /w j/ finally.

*cʰ and *kʰ are also disputed. Some argue that *cʰ kʰ are actually /kʰ cʰ/.

Only the phonemes */m n ŋ p t k v z l/ can appear in syllable coda.

Vowels

The Proto-Cang language had 10 vowels.

Front Central Back
Close i ɨ(ː) ʉ u
Close-Mid eː oː
Open-Mid ɛ ɔ
Open a ɑː

Descendants

The Cangic language family consists of the following languages and branches:

Sound Correspondences

Proto-Cang Proto-Dangic Tanzangi Tanshe Proto-Mossic Moss Batou Ricset Quand
*m *m m m *m m m m m
*n *n n n *n n n n n
*ɲ *ɲ ɲ ɲ *ŋ ŋ ŋ j ɲ
*ŋ *ɲ ɲ ɲ *ŋ ŋ ŋ g ŋ
*p *p p p *p p (V˧) p p b
*t *t t t *t t (V˧) t t d
*c *tʃ ts ʃ *tʃ tʃ (V˧) tʃ tʂ g
*k *k k k *k k (V˧) k k gʷ
*pʰ *pʰ r b *pʰ p (V˥˧) pʰ ɸ p
*tʰ *tʰ f d *tʰ t (V˥˧) tʰ θ t
*cʰ *tʃʰ ʃ ʒ *kʰ k (V˥˧) kʰ ʂ k
*kʰ *kʰ s g *tʃʰ tʃ (V˥˧) tʃʰ q kʷ
*b *b b v *b p (V˩˧) b b (m)b
*d *d d z *d t (V˩˧) d d (n)d
*g *g g ɣ *g k (V˩˧) g g (ŋ)g
*ts *ts t s *ts ts ts r s
*v? *v f v *b p (V˩˧) b w v
*s *s s s *s s s s h
*z? *z s z *dʒ tʃ (V˩˧) dʒ j z, j
*ʃ *z s z *ʃ ʃ ʃ g s
*x *x h x *x x x χ f
*l *l l l *l l l ɫ r
*i *i i ɪ *i i i ɪ i
*u *u o ʊ *u u u ʊ y
*ɨ(ː) *ɯ ɔ ɨː *ɨ wi ə iː u
*ʉ *ʉ u uː *ʉ ju ɨ uː ø
*eː *iː ɨ iː *eː jɛ e iː i, ∅
*oː *oː ɔ oː *oː wɔ o uː y, ∅
*ɛ *eː e eː *ɛ ɛ ɛ æ e
*ɔ *ɔ ɑ ɔ *ɔ ɔ ɔ ɑː o
*a *ə ə, ∅ ɛ *a a ∅ æ a
*ɑː *a ɛ a *aː a a ɑː u, ∅
*-p *p p p *p w˧˥ p, f p t
*-t *t t t *t j˧˥ t, s t k
*-k *k k k *k ˧˥ k, x k ∅
*-m *m m m *m * m b, m m
*-n *n n n *n Ṽ n d, n n
*-ŋ *ŋ ŋ ŋ *ŋ Ṽ ŋ g, ŋ ŋ
*-v? *v f v *w w˧˩ w w v
*-z? *z s z *j j˧˩ j j z
*-l *l l l *l ˧˩ l ɫ l

Proto-Mossic *-m: the sequences *im, *eːm, and *ɛm become Moss /y jœ œ/

A known clockwise vowel shift is known to have happened during the evolution from Proto-Dangic to modern Tanzangi.

Retrieved from ‘https://mc.nguh.org/w/index.php?title=Cangic_Languages&oldid=18396’