Common Amorian

Common Amorian
Language family	Manoryn Languages
Writing system	Peasant's Writing, Greenwords (laranpanpiyuwan)
Official status
Spoken in	Amoria
Speaker
Endonym	Anpanola [an.pa.no.la]
Exonym	Common Amorian
Number of speakers	1
Technical information

Common Amorian is the language of the commonfolk of Amoria. It is a language in the Lomaryn subfamily and one of three Lomaryn languages spoken on Ngearth, one of the others being its very close (and endangered) relative Aristoamorian.

Grammar

Cases

Common Amorian has 5 distinct cases. Those cases are nominative, accusative, allegative, dative, and genitive. Nominative denotes agents, accusative denotes a patientive object, and allegative denotes a patientive subject. Dative and genitive are unaltered from their standard uses. The nominative case can also be used as the vocative, as Common Amorian does not have a vocative. All cases are indicated by changing the ending of a noun, with the exception of the genitive, which takes one of two suffixes: "-leu" for possession or "-na" for modification.

Gender

Common Amorian has 4 grammatical genders. Those genders are masculine, feminine, non-binary or trinary (here out referred to as hermaphrodite, and divine. Most nouns have a default gender, but if the discussed individual has a gender that is different from the default gender of the word, the word's gender can be changed to match. For example, the word for Skinfolk (palaarran) is feminine by default. However, if the person being discussed were male or non-binary, the word ending would change to reflect this, turning the word into palaleha or palairri. If the gender of the person being discussed is simply not known, the default gender of the word is used, which in this case is feminine.

Word Order

By default, Common Amorian uses SVO word order. The only exception is when the interrogative mood is used, which changes the word order to VOS. Common Amorian puts its adjectives before its nouns and possessors before possessees. Adpositions always go at the beginning of a sentence or clause.

Verb Conjugations

Verbs in Common Amorian have seven different conjugations, not counting the infinitive. Verbs conjugate to be placed in the perfect, imperfective, perfective, progressive, and habitual aspects, the optative mood, or to convey ability to do something (akin to English "can"). To express tense, verbs take one of three prefixes for either the past, near past, or future, or do not take any affixes for the present.

Tenses, Aspects, Moods

Common Amorian has four tenses: Far Past, Near Past, Present, & Future. The present leaves the verb as is while the far past adds the prefix "'ol-", the near past adds the prefix "da-", and the future adds the prefix "dada-".
Common Amorian also contains the following aspects & moods:

• Aspects
  • Perfective
  • Imperfective
  • Perfect
  • Progressive
  • Habitual
  • Ability
    • All of these are indicated with verb conjugations.
• Moods
  • Indicative
    • The default sentence.
  • Interrogative
    • Indicated with word order VOS.
  • Imperative
    • Begin sentence with "jilyu"
  • Hypothetical
    • Begin sentence with "tiyu"
  • Optative
    • Indicated with verb conjugation.
  • Conditional
    • Begin sentence with "dayhu"

Agglutination & Fusion

Common Amorian has extreme amounts of morpheme fusion and agglutination. It could be considered a polysynthetic language by someone more experienced in linguistics, but no such person has analyzed the language as of now. Verbs function as the hearts of sentences; subjects attach in front of verbs and objects behind.

Sound System

Common Amorian generally contains the following sounds.

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Dorsal	Glottal
Nasal		m	n			ŋ ⟨ng⟩
Plosive	voiceless	p	t			k	ʔ ⟨'⟩
	voiced		d			g
Fricative		ɸ ⟨f⟩		s	ʃ ⟨j⟩		h
Approximant		w	l			j ⟨y⟩
Trill			r ⟨rr⟩			ʀ ⟨r⟩

	Front		Central		Back
	short	long	short	long	short	long
Close	i ɪ ⟨y⟩	iː ⟨ii⟩	jʉ ⟨yu⟩	jʉː ⟨yuu⟩	u	uː ⟨uu⟩
Close-mid	e ⟨e⟩	eː ⟨ee⟩			o	oː ⟨oo⟩
Mid			ə ⟨eu⟩
Open			a	aː ⟨aa⟩

If followed by an open vowel or a schwa, 't' and 'd' become θ and ð respectively.
Many urban accents, but most notably the Hearyn accent, will realize /r/ and /ʀ/ as [ʰr] and [ʰʀ~ʁ]. /ʀ/ may also be realized as [ʀ], [ʁ], [x], [χ], or even [h] in different accents. /a/ is often realized as [ɐ].
If a vowel meets itself as a result of the agglutination of morphemes, the vowel lengthens. /l/ and /r/ are deleted after /n/, /t/, /d/, /s/, and after each other. Rhotics (/r/ & /ʀ/) cannot follow nasals and are deleted if agglutination places them after nasals. /ji/ turns into /i/ and if /u/ is followed by another vowel it either becomes /w/ or /w/ is inserted between them.

Syllables

The basic syllable structure of Common Amorian is (C)(j)V(ɪ/w)(C).

Word Endings

Common nouns have word endings that change depending on gender and case. These endings correspond to the many articles in Aristoamorian, as both evolved from the articles of Classical Amorian. The word endings are as follows:

	Masculine	Feminine	Hermaphrodite	Divine
Nominative	leha	arran	irri	yula (yuwan pl.)
Accusative	laha	ara	du	yu (yul pl.)
Allegative	lyj	ray	nay	yo
Dative	mey	jay	laywi	su

The nominative and accusative divine endings are the only distinction of number to survive in Common Amorian.
There are also word endings that convey the concept of "this" and "that". They are as follows:

	This	That
Nominative	leyrri	lana
Accusative	leyhi	lahi
Allegative	eri	laray
Dative	ler	lajay

Honorifics

Common Amorian requires an honorific be placed at the end of given names. They function similarly to word endings, changing for gender and case. However, they also change for formality, although the only three levels of formality that survive in Common Amorian are formal, for Rulers, and for Gods.

		Masculine	Feminine	Hermaphrodite
Nominative	Formal	ko	ku	ko
	Rulers	ja	sa	jan
	Gods	ni	niyu	nym
Accusative	Formal	ngo	nga	ngo
	Rulers	jal	da	jal
	Gods	niw	niw	nywu
Allegative	Formal	no	na	nu
	Rulers	san	ta	seul
	Gods	li
Dative	Formal	'o	'u	'o
	Rulers	jey	say	ji
	Gods	nyn	nyla	nyh