Yiddish: Difference between revisions
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Yiddish is a [[Saxo-Syzkynic languages|Saxo-Syzkynic]] language spoken by a minority in [[Araçana]]. Much of the language's history is currently unagreed upon, but it shows clear influence from the [[Mary-Moldovan languages]] and from [[Hebrew]]. Yiddish has multiple standardized forms, including the one used by Araçana's Xeçha University and the recently discovered [[Inter-Dimensional YIVO Yiddish]]. | Yiddish is a [[Saxo-Syzkynic languages|Saxo-Syzkynic]] language spoken by a minority in [[Araçana]]. Much of the language's history is currently unagreed upon, but it shows clear influence from the [[Mary-Moldovan languages]] and from [[Hebrew]]. Yiddish has multiple standardized forms, including the one used by Araçana's Xeçha University and the recently discovered [[Inter-Dimensional YIVO Yiddish]]. | ||
== Phonology and Writing == | == Phonology and Writing (Araçanni Dialect) == | ||
Yiddish is traditionally written with an alphabetic adaptation of the Hebrew abjad. Additionally, standards for writing using the [[Latin alphabet|Latin]] and [[Xudha]] alphabets have been developed in Araçana, as detailed below. Note that these are based on the dialect spoken there specifically. | Yiddish is traditionally written with an alphabetic adaptation of the Hebrew abjad. Additionally, standards for writing using the [[Latin alphabet|Latin]] and [[Xudha]] alphabets have been developed in Araçana, as detailed below. Note that these are based on the dialect spoken there specifically. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! colspan="6" |Consonants of Standard Araçanni Yiddish | ! colspan="6" |Consonants of Standard Araçanni Yiddish | ||
! rowspan="8" | | |||
! colspan="6" |Latin and Hebrew Alphabetic Transcription | ! colspan="6" |Latin and Hebrew Alphabetic Transcription | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 27: | Line 28: | ||
|m | |m | ||
|n | |n | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
!Nasal | !Nasal | ||
|m מ | |m מ (ם<ref name=":0" />) | ||
|n נ (ן<ref name=":0">Word-final form.</ref>) | |n נ (ן<ref name=":0">Word-final form.</ref>) | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 59: | Line 60: | ||
| | | | ||
|ts (<ref name=":0" />צ (ץ | |ts (<ref name=":0" />צ (ץ | ||
| | |tš טש dž דזש | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 72: | Line 73: | ||
|f (<ref name=":0" />פ (ף v וו | |f (<ref name=":0" />פ (ף v וו | ||
|s ס z ז | |s ס z ז | ||
| | |š ש ž זש | ||
|ch (<ref name=":0" />כ (ך | |ch (<ref name=":0" />כ (ך | ||
|h ה | |h ה | ||
| Line 102: | Line 103: | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
==== Consonant Allophony ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! colspan="5" |Vowels | ! colspan="5" |Vowels of Standard Araçanni Yiddish | ||
! rowspan="10" | | |||
! colspan="5" |Latin and Hebrew Alphabetic Transcription | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | | |||
!Front | |||
!Central | |||
!Back | |||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" | | ||
!Front | !Front | ||
| Line 111: | Line 120: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" |Close | ! colspan="2" |Close | ||
| | |ɪ iː | ||
| | | | ||
|u | |u | ||
! colspan="2" |Close | |||
|i י ī אי | |||
| | |||
|u אָ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" |Close-Mid | ||
| | | | ||
| rowspan="2" |(ə) | |||
|oː | |oː | ||
! colspan="2" |Close-Mid | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|ō או | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | | ! rowspan="2" |Open-Mid | ||
!Plain | !Plain | ||
|ɛ | |ɛ | ||
|ɔ | |||
! rowspan="2" |Open-Mid | |||
!Plain | |||
|e ע | |||
| | | | ||
| | |o א | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Closing | !Closing | ||
| Line 130: | Line 151: | ||
| | | | ||
|ɔi̯ | |ɔi̯ | ||
!Closing | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|oi ױ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" |Open | ! rowspan="2" |Open | ||
| Line 135: | Line 160: | ||
| | | | ||
|a aː | |a aː | ||
| | |||
! rowspan="2" |Open | |||
!Plain | |||
| | |||
|a אַ ā ײַ | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| | | | ||
|ai̯ | |ai̯ | ||
| | |||
!Closing | |||
| | |||
|ai ײ | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="5" |Syllabic Consonants | |||
! colspan="5" |Syllabic Consonants | ! colspan="5" |Syllabic Consonants | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 148: | Line 183: | ||
|(m̩) | |(m̩) | ||
|(ŋ̩) | |(ŋ̩) | ||
| | |||
|l ל | |||
|n נ | |||
|m מ | |||
|n נ | |||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
Stress is considered phonemic in Yiddish. The long vowels ā ō ī are never found unstressedly, and so stress may be indicated with an acute accent. | |||
Because the phonetic values of vowels vary immensely across Yiddish dialects, examples of each vowel in Araçanni Yiddish are listed below for clarity: | |||
* i: פּ'''י'''נגווין ''p'''i'''ngvin'' "penguin" | |||
* ī: ט'''י'''ך ''t'''i'''ch'' "cloth (singular noun)" | |||
* u: שט'''אָ'''ט ''št'''u'''t'' "city" | |||
* ō: ה'''או'''פּ ''h'''ō'''p'' "head" | |||
* e: ה'''ע'''ם ''h'''e'''m'' "home" | |||
* o: וו'''א'''לף ''v'''o'''lf'' "wolf" | |||
* oi: בר'''וי'''ט ''br'''oi'''t'' "wide" | |||
* a: ס'''אַ'''וועמי ''s'''a'''vemi'' "pipe" | |||
* ā: גל'''ײַ'''ך ''gl'''ā'''ch'' "even" | |||
* ai: צוו'''ײ''' ''tsv'''ai''''' "two" | |||
[[Category:Language]] | [[Category:Language]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
Revision as of 22:38, 30 September 2025
| Yiddish | |
|---|---|
| Language family | Saxo-Syzkynic |
| Early form(s) | Old High German |
| Writing system | Yiddish Alphabet |
| Official status | |
| Spoken in | Araçana (recognized) |
| Speaker | |
| Technical information | |
Yiddish is a Saxo-Syzkynic language spoken by a minority in Araçana. Much of the language's history is currently unagreed upon, but it shows clear influence from the Mary-Moldovan languages and from Hebrew. Yiddish has multiple standardized forms, including the one used by Araçana's Xeçha University and the recently discovered Inter-Dimensional YIVO Yiddish.
Phonology and Writing (Araçanni Dialect)
Yiddish is traditionally written with an alphabetic adaptation of the Hebrew abjad. Additionally, standards for writing using the Latin and Xudha alphabets have been developed in Araçana, as detailed below. Note that these are based on the dialect spoken there specifically.
| Consonants of Standard Araçanni Yiddish | Latin and Hebrew Alphabetic Transcription | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar /
Uvular |
Glottal | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar /
Uvular |
Glottal | |||
| Nasal | m | n | Nasal | m מ (ם[1]) | n נ (ן[1]) | |||||||
| Plosive | p b | t d | k g | Plosive | p פּ b ב | t ט d ד | k ק g ג | |||||
| Affricate | t͜s | t͜ʃ d͜ʒ | Affricate | ts ([1]צ (ץ | tš טש dž דזש | |||||||
| Fricative | f v | s z | ʃ ʒ | χ | h | Fricative | f ([1]פ (ף v וו | s ס z ז | š ש ž זש | ch ([1]כ (ך | h ה | |
| Approximant | l | j | Approximant | l ל | j י | |||||||
| Trill / Tap | r | Trill / Tap | r ר | |||||||||
Consonant Allophony
| Vowels of Standard Araçanni Yiddish | Latin and Hebrew Alphabetic Transcription | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Central | Back | Front | Central | Back | |||||
| Close | ɪ iː | u | Close | i י ī אי | u אָ | |||||
| Close-Mid | (ə) | oː | Close-Mid | ō או | ||||||
| Open-Mid | Plain | ɛ | ɔ | Open-Mid | Plain | e ע | o א | |||
| Closing | ɔi̯ | Closing | oi ױ | |||||||
| Open | Plain | a aː | Open | Plain | a אַ ā ײַ | |||||
| Closing | ai̯ | Closing | ai ײ | |||||||
| Syllabic Consonants | Syllabic Consonants | |||||||||
| l̩ | n̩ | (m̩) | (ŋ̩) | l ל | n נ | m מ | n נ | |||
Stress is considered phonemic in Yiddish. The long vowels ā ō ī are never found unstressedly, and so stress may be indicated with an acute accent.
Because the phonetic values of vowels vary immensely across Yiddish dialects, examples of each vowel in Araçanni Yiddish are listed below for clarity:
- i: פּינגווין pingvin "penguin"
- ī: טיך tich "cloth (singular noun)"
- u: שטאָט štut "city"
- ō: האופּ hōp "head"
- e: העם hem "home"
- o: וואלף volf "wolf"
- oi: ברויט broit "wide"
- a: סאַוועמי savemi "pipe"
- ā: גלײַך glāch "even"
- ai: צווײ tsvai "two"