Cangic Languages: Difference between revisions

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Line 98: Line 98:
* [[Ricset|Ricset (Fiksāt)]]
* [[Ricset|Ricset (Fiksāt)]]
* [[Quand]]
* [[Quand]]
* [[Selbie|Selbie (Skabäga)]]
* [[Selbie|Selbie (Sjabæg)]]


=== Sound Correspondences ===
=== Sound Correspondences ===
Line 112: Line 112:
!Ricset
!Ricset
!Quand
!Quand
!Selbie
|-
|-
|*m
|*m
Line 118: Line 119:
|m
|m
|*m
|*m
|m
|m
|m
|m
|m
Line 128: Line 130:
|n
|n
|*n
|*n
|n
|n
|n
|n
|n
Line 141: Line 144:
| rowspan="2" |ŋ
| rowspan="2" |ŋ
|j
|j
|ɲ
|ɲ
|ɲ
|-
|-
Line 146: Line 150:
|g
|g
|ŋ
|ŋ
|(ŋ)g
|-
|-
|*p
|*p
Line 156: Line 161:
|p
|p
|b
|b
|p
|-
|-
|*t
|*t
Line 166: Line 172:
|t
|t
|d
|d
|t
|-
|-
|*c
|*c
Line 176: Line 183:
|tʂ
|tʂ
|g
|g
|tʃ
|-
|-
|*k
|*k
Line 186: Line 194:
|k
|k
|gʷ
|gʷ
|k
|-
|-
|*pʰ
|*pʰ
Line 196: Line 205:
|ɸ
|ɸ
|p
|p
|f
|-
|-
|*tʰ
|*tʰ
Line 206: Line 216:
|θ
|θ
|t
|t
|θ
|-
|-
|*cʰ
|*cʰ
Line 216: Line 227:
|ʂ
|ʂ
|k
|k
|ʃ
|-
|-
|*kʰ
|*kʰ
Line 226: Line 238:
|q
|q
|kʷ
|kʷ
|χ
|-
|-
|*b
|*b
Line 236: Line 249:
|b
|b
|(m)b
|(m)b
|b
|-
|-
|*d
|*d
Line 246: Line 260:
|d
|d
|(n)d
|(n)d
|d
|-
|-
|*g
|*g
Line 256: Line 271:
|g
|g
|(ŋ)g
|(ŋ)g
|g
|-
|-
|*ts
|*ts
Line 266: Line 282:
|r
|r
|s
|s
|st
|-
|-
|*s
|*s
Line 275: Line 292:
|s
|s
|h
|h
|s
|-
|-
|*ʃ
|*ʃ
Line 284: Line 302:
|g
|g
|s
|s
|dʒ
|-
|-
|*z?
|*z?
Line 291: Line 310:
|j
|j
|z, j
|z, j
|z
|-
|-
|*v?
|*v?
Line 301: Line 321:
|w
|w
|v
|v
|ʋ
|-
|-
|*x
|*x
Line 311: Line 332:
|χ
|χ
|f
|f
|ʁ
|-
|-
|*l
|*l
Line 321: Line 343:
|ɫ
|ɫ
|r
|r
|l
|-
|-
|*i
|*i
Line 330: Line 353:
|i
|i
|ɪ
|ɪ
|i
|i
|i
|-
|-
Line 341: Line 365:
|ʊ
|ʊ
|y
|y
|u
|-
|-
|*ʉ
|*ʉ
Line 351: Line 376:
|uː
|uː
|ø
|ø
|y
|-
|-
|*ɨ(ː)
|*ɨ(ː)
Line 361: Line 387:
|iː
|iː
|u
|u
|i
|-
|-
|*oː
|*oː
Line 370: Line 397:
|uː
|uː
|y, ∅
|y, ∅
|oʊ̯
|-
|-
|*eː
|*eː
Line 380: Line 408:
|iː
|iː
|i, ∅
|i, ∅
|eɪ̯
|-
|-
|*ɛ
|*ɛ
Line 390: Line 419:
|æ
|æ
|e
|e
|eɐ̯
|-
|-
|*ɔ
|*ɔ
Line 400: Line 430:
|ɑː
|ɑː
|o
|o
|oɐ̯
|-
|-
|*a
|*a
Line 409: Line 440:
|∅
|∅
|æ
|æ
|a
|a
|a
|-
|-
Line 420: Line 452:
|ɑː
|ɑː
|u, ∅
|u, ∅
|a
|-
|-
|*-p
|*-p
Line 430: Line 463:
|p
|p
|p
|p
|(V) [-long] [+labialized]
|-
|-
|*-t
|*-t
Line 440: Line 474:
|t
|t
|k
|k
|(V) [-long] [+front]
|-
|-
|*-k
|*-k
Line 450: Line 485:
|k
|k
|∅
|∅
|(V) [-long]
|-
|-
|*-m
|*-m
Line 460: Line 496:
|b, m
|b, m
|m
|m
|(V) [+nasalized] [+labialized]
|-
|-
|*-n
|*-n
Line 470: Line 507:
|d, n
|d, n
|n
|n
|(V) [+nasalized] [+front]
|-
|-
|*-ŋ
|*-ŋ
Line 480: Line 518:
|g, ŋ
|g, ŋ
|ŋ
|ŋ
|(V) [+nasalized]
|-
|-
|*-v?
|*-v?
Line 490: Line 529:
|w
|w
|v
|v
|(V) [+long] [+labialized]
|-
|-
|*-z?
|*-z?
Line 500: Line 540:
|j
|j
|z
|z
|(V) [+long] [+front]
|-
|-
|*-l
|*-l
Line 510: Line 551:
|ɫ
|ɫ
|l
|l
|(V) [+long]
|}
|}
Proto-Mossic *-m: the sequences *im, *eːm, and *ɛm become Moss /y jœ œ/. Otherwise, *-m nasalizes the preceding vowel.
Proto-Mossic *-m: the sequences *im, *eːm, and *ɛm become Moss /y jœ œ/. Otherwise, *-m nasalizes the preceding vowel.

Latest revision as of 21:36, 18 January 2025

The Cangic Languages are a group of languages descended from the Proto-Cang language. These languges are spoken in Tanzang and its colonies.

Proto-Cang Language

Reconstructed Phonology

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal *m *n *ɲ *ŋ
Plosive Plain *p *t *c *k
Aspirated *pʰ *tʰ *cʰ *kʰ
Voiced *b *d *g
Affricate *ts
Fricative *v *s *z *ʃ *x
Liquid *l

The identities of reconstructed *v and *z are highly disputed. The most common consensus is /v z/. Some theorize /w j/. Some even say that they are /v z/ initially and /w j/ finally.

Only the phonemes */m n ŋ p t k v z l/ can appear in syllable coda.

Vowels

The Proto-Cang language had 10 vowels.

Front Central Back
Close i ɨ(ː) ʉ u
Close-Mid eː oː
Open-Mid ɛ ɔ
Open a ɑː

Descendants

The Cangic language family consists of the following languages and branches:

Sound Correspondences

Proto-Cang Proto-Dangic Tanzangi Tanshe Proto-Mossic Moss Batou Ricset Quand Selbie
*m *m m m *m m m m m m
*n *n n n *n n n n n n
*ɲ *ɲ ɲ ɲ *ŋ ŋ ŋ j ɲ ɲ
*ŋ g ŋ (ŋ)g
*p *p p p *p p (V˧) p p b p
*t *t t t *t t (V˧) t t d t
*c *tʃ ts ʃ *tʃ tʃ (V˧) tʃ tʂ g tʃ
*k *k k k *k k (V˧) k k gʷ k
*pʰ *f r v *pʰ p (V˥˧) pʰ ɸ p f
*tʰ *θ f z *tʰ t (V˥˧) tʰ θ t θ
*cʰ *ç s ɣ *tʃʰ tʃ (V˥˧) tʃʰ ʂ k ʃ
*kʰ *ʃ x ʒ *kʰ k (V˥˧) kʰ q kʷ χ
*b *b b b *b p (V˩˧) b b (m)b b
*d *d d d *d t (V˩˧) d d (n)d d
*g *g g g *g k (V˩˧) g g (ŋ)g g
*ts *ts t s *ts ts ts r s st
*s *s s *s s s s h s
*ʃ *z z *ʃ ʃ ʃ g s dʒ
*z? *dʒ tʃ (V˩˧) dʒ j z, j z
*v? *v f v *b p (V˩˧) b w v ʋ
*x *x ∅ x *x x x χ f ʁ
*l *l l l *l l l ɫ r l
*i *i i ɪ *i i i ɪ i i
*u *ʊ o ʊ *u u u ʊ y u
*ʉ *uː u uː *ʉ ju ɨ uː ø y
*ɨ(ː) *ɯ ɔ ɨː *ɨ wi ə iː u i
*oː *oː oː *oː wɔ o uː y, ∅ oʊ̯
*eː *iː ɨ iː *eː jɛ e iː i, ∅ eɪ̯
*ɛ *eː e eː *ɛ ɛ ɛ æ e eɐ̯
*ɔ *ɔ ɑ ɔ *ɔ ɔ ɔ ɑː o oɐ̯
*a *ə ə, ∅ ɛ *a a ∅ æ a a
*ɑː *a ɛ a *aː a a ɑː u, ∅ a
*-p *p p p *p w˧˥ p, f p p (V) [-long] [+labialized]
*-t *t t t *t j˧˥ t, s t k (V) [-long] [+front]
*-k *k k k *k ˧˥ k, x k ∅ (V) [-long]
*-m *m m m *m * m b, m m (V) [+nasalized] [+labialized]
*-n *n n n *n Ṽ n d, n n (V) [+nasalized] [+front]
*-ŋ *ŋ ŋ ŋ *ŋ Ṽ ŋ g, ŋ ŋ (V) [+nasalized]
*-v? *f f f *w w˧˩ w w v (V) [+long] [+labialized]
*-z? *s s s *j j˧˩ j j z (V) [+long] [+front]
*-l *l l l *l ˧˩ l ɫ l (V) [+long]

Proto-Mossic *-m: the sequences *im, *eːm, and *ɛm become Moss /y jœ œ/. Otherwise, *-m nasalizes the preceding vowel.

A clockwise vowel shift is known to have happened during the evolution from Proto-Dangic to modern Tanzangi.

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