Debazi: Difference between revisions
(Created page with "{{Infobox language |name=Debazi |family=Leyen-Mangellian |early-forms=Classical Munkai, Deraban |scripts=Debazi script<br>Latin script |country=Rauratoshan |demonym=Debazasri |lang-code=DBZ }} '''Debazi''' ({{ipa|[ˈdeˈbad͡zi]}}) is a Leyen-Mangellian language. It is a minority language in Rauratoshan. ==Etymology== ==Phonology== ==Orthography== ==Grammar== ==Sample text== Category: Langu...") Tag: 2017 source edit |
Tag: 2017 source edit |
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Consonants and vowels in Debazi are broken up into three classes: plain, light, and dark. Generally speaking, light consonants are palatalized while dark consonants are velarized, and light vowels are raised and/or fronted while dark vowels are lowered and/or backed. | |||
A light consonant causes the next vowel to become light. A dark consonant causes the next vowel to become dark. Nasals and the trill /r/ are always considered plain. Approximants are considered light if they are labial or alveolar, and dark if they are velar or guttural; these also mutate the vowel preceding them, but only if that vowel is plain. | |||
The phonemicity of the sounds of Debazi is under debate. Generally, light vowels can only follow light consonants and dark vowels can only follow dark consonants, but Debazi has recently lost some of the contexts which caused light and dark vowels. In some sense, all listed vowels in the below table are phonemic. However, as they can still be analyzed as sequences of /jV/ and /wV/, Debazi is usually considered to only either have all consonants in the table or all vowels in the table, not both. | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Consonant phonemes | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3" | | |||
! [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] | |||
! [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] | |||
! [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]] | |||
! [[w:Uvular consonant|Guttural]] | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | |||
! short | |||
| [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! long | |||
| mː | |||
| nː | |||
| ŋː | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="6" | [[w:Stop consonant|Stop]] | |||
! colspan="2" | plain | |||
! unvoiced | |||
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] | |||
| ([[w:Voiceless uvular stop|q]]) | |||
|- | |||
! voiced | |||
| [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced velar stop|g]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | light | |||
! unvoiced | |||
| pʲ~[[w:Voiceless labiopalatal affricate|pɥ̊]]~ps | |||
| [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate|ts]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless palatal affricate|cç]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! voiced | |||
| bʲ~[[w:Voiced labiopalatal affricate|bɥ]]~bz | |||
| [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate|dz]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced palatal affricate|ɟʝ]] | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | dark | |||
! unvoiced | |||
| [[Voiceless bilabial ejective|pʼ]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless alveolar ejective|tʼ]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless palatal ejective|kʼ]] | |||
| ([[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]]) | |||
|- | |||
! voiced | |||
| [[w:Voiced bilabial implosive|ɓ]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced alveolar implosive|ɗ]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3" | [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | |||
! rowspan="2" | plain | |||
| [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant fricative|s]] | |||
| rowspan="2" | [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | light | |||
| [[w:Voiceless labiopalatal fricative|fʲ~ɥ̊]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar sibilant fricative|sʲ~ɕ]] | |||
| rowspan="2" | [[w:Voiceless palatal fricative|xʲ~ç]] | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | dark | |||
| [[w:Voiceless labiovelar fricative|fʷ~ʍ]] | |||
| sʷ | |||
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial fricative|xʷ~ɸ~ʍ]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless uvular fricative|χ]] | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]] | |||
! rowspan="2" | plain | |||
| [[w:Voiced labiopalatal approximant|ɥ]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced velar approximant|w]] | |||
| ([[w:Voiced pharyngeal approximant|ʕ]]) | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Lateral consonant|lateral]] | |||
| | |||
| [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced velar lateral approximant|ʟ]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" | [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]] | |||
| | |||
| [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Vowel phonemes | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="3" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] | |||
! colspan="3" | [[w:Central vowel|Central]] | |||
! colspan="3" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]] | |||
|- | |||
! light | |||
! plain | |||
! dark | |||
! light | |||
! plain | |||
! dark | |||
! light | |||
! plain | |||
! dark | |||
|- | |||
! Close | |||
| iː || i || ɨ | |||
| || || | |||
| y || u || uː | |||
|- | |||
! Close-mid | |||
| iɪ || e || ʌ | |||
| || || | |||
| ø || o || uʊ | |||
|- | |||
! Open-mid | |||
| eɛ || ɛ || ɜ | |||
| ɘ || ɜ || ɵ | |||
| ɜ || ɔ || oɔ | |||
|- | |||
! Open | |||
| || || | |||
| æ || a || ɒ | |||
| || || | |||
|} | |||
====Notes==== | |||
* Light front vowels and dark back vowels are only raised if they were the result of /j/ or /w/ respectively. They do not lengthen in this position. | |||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== |
Revision as of 05:55, 22 January 2025
Debazi | |
---|---|
Language family | Leyen-Mangellian |
Early form(s) | Classical Munkai, Deraban |
Writing system | Debazi script Latin script |
Official status | |
Spoken in | Rauratoshan |
Speaker | |
Demonym | Debazasri |
Technical information | |
Language code | DBZ |
Debazi ([ˈdeˈbad͡zi]) is a Leyen-Mangellian language. It is a minority language in Rauratoshan.
Etymology
Phonology
Consonants and vowels in Debazi are broken up into three classes: plain, light, and dark. Generally speaking, light consonants are palatalized while dark consonants are velarized, and light vowels are raised and/or fronted while dark vowels are lowered and/or backed.
A light consonant causes the next vowel to become light. A dark consonant causes the next vowel to become dark. Nasals and the trill /r/ are always considered plain. Approximants are considered light if they are labial or alveolar, and dark if they are velar or guttural; these also mutate the vowel preceding them, but only if that vowel is plain.
The phonemicity of the sounds of Debazi is under debate. Generally, light vowels can only follow light consonants and dark vowels can only follow dark consonants, but Debazi has recently lost some of the contexts which caused light and dark vowels. In some sense, all listed vowels in the below table are phonemic. However, as they can still be analyzed as sequences of /jV/ and /wV/, Debazi is usually considered to only either have all consonants in the table or all vowels in the table, not both.
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Guttural | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | short | m | n | ŋ | ||||||||
long | mː | nː | ŋː | |||||||||
Stop | plain | unvoiced | p | t | k | (q) | ||||||
voiced | b | d | g | |||||||||
light | unvoiced | pʲ~pɥ̊~ps | ts | cç | ||||||||
voiced | bʲ~bɥ~bz | dz | ɟʝ | |||||||||
dark | unvoiced | pʼ | tʼ | kʼ | (ʔ) | |||||||
voiced | ɓ | ɗ | ||||||||||
Fricative | plain | f | s | x | ||||||||
light | fʲ~ɥ̊ | sʲ~ɕ | xʲ~ç | |||||||||
dark | fʷ~ʍ | sʷ | xʷ~ɸ~ʍ | χ | ||||||||
Approximant | plain | ɥ | j | w | (ʕ) | |||||||
lateral | l | ʟ | ||||||||||
Trill | r |
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
light | plain | dark | light | plain | dark | light | plain | dark | |
Close | iː | i | ɨ | y | u | uː | |||
Close-mid | iɪ | e | ʌ | ø | o | uʊ | |||
Open-mid | eɛ | ɛ | ɜ | ɘ | ɜ | ɵ | ɜ | ɔ | oɔ |
Open | æ | a | ɒ |
Notes
- Light front vowels and dark back vowels are only raised if they were the result of /j/ or /w/ respectively. They do not lengthen in this position.