Cangic Languages: Difference between revisions

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|*ɲ
|*ɲ
| rowspan="2" |*ɲ
| rowspan="2" |*ɲ
| rowspan="2" |n̠ʲ
| rowspan="2" |ɲ
| rowspan="2" |ɲ
| rowspan="2" |ɲ
|*ɟ
|*ɟ
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|*p
|*p
|p
|p
|p
|ɸ
|p
|p
|*p
|*p
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|*t
|*t
|t
|t
|t
|θ
|t
|t
|*t
|*t
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|*k
|*k
|k
|k
|k
|x
|k
|k
|*k
|*k
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|*pʰ
|*pʰ
|*ʍ
|*ʍ
|ʀ
|j
|v
|v
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|*cʰ
|*cʰ
|*ç
|*ç
|s
|ʃ
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|*bʰ
|*bʰ
|*w
|*w
|ʀ
|j
|v
|v
|b
|b
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|u
|u
|wa~va
|wa~va
|*ɪ
|*ə͡i
|eɪ̯
|eɪ̯
|ʷi
|ʷi
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|*ɯ
|*ɯ
|*ɯ
|*ɯ
|ɔ
|o
|i
|i
|*ʊ
|*ə͡u
|oʊ̯
|oʊ̯
|ʲu
|ʲu
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|*eː
|*eː
|*iː
|*iː
|ɨ
|ɨː
|ja~ʒa
|ja~ʒa
|*e
|*a͡i
|aɪ̯
|aɪ̯
|ˤi
|ˤi
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|e
|e
|e
|e
|*ɛ
|*i͡a
|ʲɑ
|ʲɑ
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|*oː
|*oː
|*oː
|*oː
|ɔ
|ɔː
|u
|u
|*o
|*a͡u
|aʊ̯
|aʊ̯
|ˤu
|ˤu
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|*ɔ
|*ɔ
|*ɔ
|*ɔ
|a
|
| rowspan="2" |ɐ
| rowspan="2" |ɐ
|o
|o
|*ɔ
|*u͡a
|ʷɑ
|ʷɑ
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|*aː
|*aː
|*a
|*a
|ɛ
|ɛː
|a
|a
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|*-w
|*-w
|*f
|*f
|ʀ
|ə̯
|f
|f
|w
|w

Revision as of 14:12, 27 October 2025

The Cangic Languages are a group of languages descended from the Proto-Cang language. These languges are spoken in Tanzang and its colonies.

Proto-Cang Language

Reconstructed Phonology

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal *m *n
Plosive Plain *p *t *c *k
Aspirated *pʰ *tʰ *cʰ *kʰ
Voiced *b *d *g
Fricative *s *x
Liquid *w *l *j
??? *bʰ *T

The exact identities of the reconstructed phonemes *bʰ *T and *š are unknown. *bʰ may be /v~β~w~ⁿb/, *T may be /t͡s~θ~tˀ/, and *š may be /ʃ~ʂ~ʐ~ɹ/.Only the phonemes *m *n *ŋ *p *t *k *w *j and *l can appear in syllable coda, and *w and *j are exclusive to the coda. *w and *j may be the same phoneme as *bʰ and *ɟ.

Vowels

The Proto-Cang language had 10 vowels.

Front Back
Close *i *y *ɯ *u
Close-Mid *eː *oː
Open-Mid
Open *a *aː

Descendants

The Cangic language family consists of the following languages and branches:

Sound Correspondences

Proto-Cang Proto-Dangic Tanzangi Moss Telia Proto-Maghrabi Lupsidd Ziddattu Pre-Ancient Sanno
*m *m m m m *m m m
*n *n n n n *n n n
ɲ ɲ ɟ
*g g g
*p *p p ɸ p *p p p
*t *t t θ t *t t t
*c *tʃ θ ʃ *c c
*k *k k x k *k k k
*pʰ j v ɸ *pʰ f f
*tʰ f z θ *tʰ s ts
*cʰ ʃ ɦ χ *cʰ ç ʃ
*kʰ x ʒ ʃ *kʰ χ
*b *b b b b ɓ p’
*d *d d d d ɗ t’
*z s z r *d d d
*g *g g g g ʄ k’
*bʰ *w j v b *b b b βˠ
*T *ts t s h x
*s *s s s *s s s (z)ˠ
*z z r *h h x (z)ʲ
*x *h h h *x h x βʲ
*l *l l l l *l ɫ l
*i *i i i jə~ʒə *i i i i
*y *uː u u wa~va *ə͡i eɪ̯ ʷi i
o ə i *ə͡u oʊ̯ ʲu u
*u *u o o wə~və *u u u u
*eː *iː ɨː ɨ ja~ʒa *a͡i aɪ̯ ˤi e
*e e e e *i͡a ɛ ʲɑ e
*oː *oː ɔː ɒ u *a͡u aʊ̯ ˤu o
ɐ o *u͡a ɔ ʷɑ o
*a ə, ∅ ə *a a ɑ a
*aː *a ɛː æ a *ɹV ɻ* (r)* a
*-p *p p p p *p p p _C[+geminate]

V[+stress] / _$

*-t *t t t t *t t t
*-k *k k k k *k k k
*-m *m m m m *m m m n
*-n *n n n n *n n n
*-ŋ ŋ ŋ j *g g g
*-w *f ə̯ f w *b b b V[+long]
*-j *s s s s *d d d
*-l *l l l l *l ɫ l

Proto-Maghrabi *ʔ and *h nearly always apply a change to an adjacent phoneme rather than becoming their listed descendant.

Proto-Maghrabi *V: this vowel assimilates to the following vowel at some point during the evolution of both Lupsidd and Ziddattu. However, they assimilate differently in each language.

A clockwise vowel shift is known to have happened during the evolution from Proto-Dangic to modern Tanzangi.