Cangic Languages
The Cangic Languages are a group of languages descended from the Proto-Cang language (later form: Old Dang). These languges are spoken in Tanzang and its colonies.
Proto-Cang Language
Reconstructed Phonology
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | *m | *n | *ɲ | *ŋ | |
| Plosive | Plain | *p | *t | *c | *k |
| Aspirated | *pʰ | *tʰ | *cʰ | *kʰ | |
| Voiced | *b | *d | *g | ||
| Affricate | *ts | ||||
| Fricative | *v | *s *z | *ʃ | *x | |
| Liquid | *l | ||||
The identities of reconstructed *v and *z are highly disputed. The most common consensus is /v z/. Some theorize /w j/. Some even say that they are /v z/ initially and /w j/ finally.
*cʰ and *kʰ are also disputed. Some argue that *cʰ kʰ are actually /kʰ cʰ/.
Only the phonemes */m n ŋ p t k v z l/ can appear in syllable coda.
Vowels
The Proto-Cang language had 10 vowels.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ(ː) ʉ | u |
| Close-Mid | eː | oː | |
| Open-Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a | ɑː | |
Descendants
The Cangic language family consists of the following languages and branches:
Sound Correspondences
| Proto-Cang | Proto-Dangic | Tanzangi | Tanshe | Proto-Mossic | Moss | Batou | Ricset | Quandish |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *m | *m | m | m | *m | m | m | m | m |
| *n | *n | n | n | *n | n | n | n | n |
| *ɲ | *ɲ | ɲ | ɲ | *ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | j | ɲ |
| *ŋ | *ɲ, *ŋ | ɲ, ŋ | ɲ, ŋ | *ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | g | ŋ |
| *p | *p | p | p | *p | p | p | p | b |
| *t | *t | t | t | *t | t | t | t | d |
| *c | *c | ts | ʃ | *k | k | k | tʃ | g |
| *k | *k | k | k | *tʃ | tʃ | tʃ | k | gʷ |
| *pʰ | ||||||||
| *tʰ | ||||||||
| *cʰ | ||||||||
| *kʰ | ||||||||
| *b | ||||||||
| *d | ||||||||
| *g | ||||||||
| *ts | ||||||||
| *v | ||||||||
| *s | ||||||||
| *z | ||||||||
| *ʃ | ||||||||
| *x | ||||||||
| *l | ||||||||
| *i | ||||||||
| *u | ||||||||
| *ɨ(ː) | ||||||||
| *ʉ | ||||||||
| *eː | ||||||||
| *oː | ||||||||
| *ɛ | ||||||||
| *ɔ | ||||||||
| *a | ||||||||
| *ɑː | ||||||||
| *-p | ||||||||
| *-t | ||||||||
| *-k | ||||||||
| *-m | ||||||||
| *-n | ||||||||
| *-ŋ | ||||||||
| *-v | ||||||||
| *-z | ||||||||
| *-l |