Tosï
| Tosï | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | [ˈtos] |
| Language family | Isolate |
| Writing system | Nahan, Latin (when Nahan isn't available) |
| Official status | |
| Spoken in | Heufauna |
| Regulated by | Heufaunese Language Regulatory Committee |
| Speaker | |
| Endonym | tásí Tásí |
| Number of speakers | 44 |
| Technical information | |
| Usage | Offcicial language |
Tosï (natively tásí Tásí [ˈtos]) is an official language of Heufauna written in the Nahan script.
Phonology
Consonants
Tosï has 23 consonants:
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m ⟨m⟩ | n ⟨n⟩ | ŋ ⟨ń⟩ | |||
| Plosive | Voiceless | p ⟨p⟩ | t ⟨t⟩ | ʧ ⟨ci⟩ | k ⟨c⟩ | ʔ ⟨∅⟩[1] |
| Voiced | b ⟨ṕ⟩ | d ⟨t́⟩ | ʤ ⟨ći⟩ | g ⟨ći⟩ | ||
| Fricative | Voiceless | f ⟨f⟩ | s ⟨s⟩ | ʃ ⟨si⟩ | x ⟨h⟩ | |
| Voiced | v ⟨v⟩ | z ⟨z⟩ | ʒ ⟨zi⟩ | ɣ ⟨r⟩ | ||
| Liquid | w ⟨u⟩ | l ⟨l⟩ | j ⟨i⟩ | |||
- ↑ Due to Tosï syllabes having to start with a consonant, the previously orthographic h́ is now obsolete and this phoneme is hence unrepresented orthographically
Vowels
Tosï has 7 vowels:
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i ⟨é⟩ | ɨ[1] ⟨í⟩ | u ⟨o⟩ |
| Mid | e ⟨e⟩ | ɵ[1] ⟨ó⟩ | o ⟨á⟩ |
| Low | a ⟨a⟩ |
Grammar
Nouns
Tosï has 3 noun cases:
- Accusative (marked with re- /ɣe/)
- Genitive (marked with t́í- /dɨ/)
- Dative (Marked with cio- /t͡ʃu/
Along with those, Tosï also marks the plural on nouns with fe- /fe/.
Pronouns
The above image shows the pronouns in Tosï. The below table also shows them.
| Nom. | Acc. | |
|---|---|---|
| 1s | la | ne |
| 2s | ue | sa |
| 3s.m | ṕé | má |
| 3s.f | á | ṕó |
Verbs
Tosï verbs mark for the past and future tenses (ćié- /d͡ʒi/ and ća /ga/ respectively) and the imperative mood (ćí- /gɨ/
Other
Tosï has a negation suffix -sá /so/.
Latijöseŋi
- Main article: Latijöseŋi
In situations where the Nahan script is unavailable or where it is, but without the Strappo, people use what is called Latijöseŋi (Tosï: latézióseńé Latézióseńé [latiʒˈseŋi], lit. "Latin-becoming") to write in Tosï.[1]
- ↑ Transliterations into scripts other than Latin are permitted, but most people use Latijöseŋi in everyday writing. For more information on one such other transliteration, see Kyrizhǎsengi.