Tosï
| Tosï | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | [ˈtɔsɪ], [tos] |
| Language family | Isolate |
| Writing system | Nahan, Latin (when Nahan isn't available) |
| Official status | |
| Spoken in | Dróstsiśtsi, CMCic Federation (formerly) |
| Speaker | |
| Endonym | tásí Tásí |
| Number of speakers | 44 |
| Technical information | |
| Usage | Official language |
| Language code | TOS |
Tosï (natively tásí Tásí [ˈtos], Kośtsiśtsi: kośtsi Tós ['kɔʃtsɯ tos]) was an official language of the CMCic Federation written in the Nahan script. After Ruxese, the core of the federation, fell under Dróstsiśtsi control, it was nominated as an official language by the new government of Ǵuśese (a Kośtsiśtsi-ized version of Ruxese) Province. Since all official languages of the provinces are automatically considered official national languages, this meant it is also considered an official language in Dróstsiśtsi.
Phonology
Consonants
Tosï has 23 consonants:
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m ⟨m⟩ | n ⟨n⟩ | ŋ ⟨ń⟩ | |||
| Plosive | Voiceless | p ⟨p⟩ | t ⟨t⟩ | ʧ ⟨ci⟩ | k ⟨c⟩ | ʔ ⟨∅⟩[1] |
| Voiced | b ⟨ṕ⟩ | d ⟨t́⟩ | ʤ ⟨ći⟩ | g ⟨ć⟩ | ||
| Fricative | Voiceless | f ⟨f⟩ | s ⟨s⟩ | ʃ ⟨si⟩ | x ⟨h⟩ | |
| Voiced | v ⟨v⟩ | z ⟨z⟩ | ʒ ⟨zi⟩ | ɣ ⟨r⟩ | ||
| Liquid | w ⟨u⟩ | l ⟨l⟩ | j ⟨i⟩ | |||
- ↑ Due to Tosï syllabes having to start with a consonant, the previously orthographic h́ is now obsolete and this phoneme is hence unrepresented orthographically
Vowels
Tosï has 7 vowels:
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i ⟨é⟩ | ɨ[1] ⟨í⟩ | u ⟨o⟩ |
| Mid | e ⟨e⟩ | ɵ[1] ⟨ó⟩ | o ⟨á⟩ |
| Low | a ⟨a⟩ |
Phonotactics and Stress
Tosï's syllable structure is exclusively CV phonemically, but can have consonant clusters phonetically due to unstressed central vowels eliding away. This breaks the phonemically penultimate stress pattern, making something like T́órásícií T́órásícií "Dróstsiśtsi" be pronounced as /dɵɣoˈsɨt͡ʃɨ/ phonemically, but as [dɣoˈsɨt͡ʃ] phonetically, making the final syllable stressed instead of the penultimate one.
Grammar
Nouns
Tosï has 3 noun cases:
- Accusative (marked with re- /ɣe/)
- Genitive (marked with t́í- /dɨ/)
- Dative (Marked with cio- /t͡ʃu/
Along with those, Tosï also marks the plural on nouns with fe- /fe/.
Pronouns
The above image shows the pronouns in Tosï. The below table also shows them.
| nom | acc | |
|---|---|---|
| 1s | la | ne |
| 2s | ue | sa |
| 3s.m | ṕé | má |
| 3s.f | á | ṕó |
Verbs
Tosï verbs mark for the past and future tenses (ćié- /d͡ʒi/ and ća /ga/ respectively) and the imperative mood (ćí- /gɨ/)
Other
Tosï has a negation suffix -sá /so/.
Latijöseŋi
- Main article: Latijöseŋi
In situations where the Nahan script is unavailable or where it is, but without the Strappo, people use what is called Latijöseŋi (Tosï: latézióseńé Latézióseńé [latiʒˈseŋi], lit. "Latin-becoming") to write in Tosï.[1]
- ↑ Transliterations into scripts other than Latin are permitted, but most people use Latijöseŋi in everyday writing. For more information on one such other transliteration, see Kyrizhǎsengi.