Yiddish
| Yiddish | |
|---|---|
| Language family | Saxo-Syzkynic |
| Early form(s) | Old High German |
| Writing system | Yiddish Alphabet |
| Official status | |
| Spoken in | Araçana (recognized) |
| Speaker | |
| Technical information | |
Yiddish (Araçanni dialect: ייִדיש Yídiš) is a Saxo-Syzkynic language spoken by a minority in Araçana. Much of the language's history is currently unagreed upon, but it shows clear influence from the Mary-Moldovan languages and from Hebrew. Yiddish has multiple standardized forms, including the one used by Araçana's Xeçha University and the recently discovered Inter-Dimensional YIVO Yiddish.
Phonology and Writing (Araçanni Dialect)
Yiddish is traditionally written with an alphabetic adaptation of the Hebrew abjad. Additionally, standards for writing using the Latin and Xudha alphabets have been developed in Araçana, as detailed below. Note that these are based on the dialect spoken there specifically.
| Consonants of Standard Araçanni Yiddish | Latin and Hebrew Alphabetic Transcription | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar /
Uvular |
Glottal | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar /
Uvular |
Glottal | |||
| Nasal | m | n | Nasal | m מ (ם[1]) | n נ (ן[1]) | |||||||
| Plosive | p b | t d | k g | Plosive | p פּ b ב | t ט d ד | k ק g ג | |||||
| Affricate | t͜s d͜z | t͜ʃ d͜ʒ | Affricate | ts ([1]צ (ץ dz דז | tš טש dž דזש | |||||||
| Fricative | f v | s z | ʃ ʒ | χ | h | Fricative | f ([1]פ (ף v וו | s ס z ז | š ש ž זש | ch ([1]כ (ך | h ה | |
| Approximant | l | j | Approximant | l ל | y י | |||||||
| Trill / Tap | r | Trill / Tap | r ר | |||||||||
Consonant Allophony
| Vowels of Standard Araçanni Yiddish | Latin and Hebrew Alphabetic Transcription | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Central | Back | Front | Central | Back | |||||
| Close | ɪ iː | u | Close | i י ī אי | u אָ | |||||
| Close-Mid | (ə) | oː | Close-Mid | ō או | ||||||
| Open-Mid | Plain | ɛ | ɔ | Open-Mid | Plain | e ע | o א | |||
| Closing | ɔi̯ | Closing | oi ױ | |||||||
| Open | Plain | a aː | Open | Plain | a אַ ā ײַ | |||||
| Closing | ai̯ | Closing | ai ײ | |||||||
| Syllabic Consonants | Syllabic Consonants | |||||||||
| l̩ | n̩ | (m̩) | (ŋ̩) | l ל | n נ | m מ | n נ | |||
Stress is considered phonemic in Yiddish. The long vowels ā ō ī are never found unstressedly, and so stressed short vowels may be indicated with an acute accent. The ə is found only through reduction of unstressed vowels, and is written the same as /ɛ/.
Because the phonetic values of vowels vary immensely across Yiddish dialects, examples of each vowel in Araçanni Yiddish are listed below for clarity:
- i: פּינגווין píngvin "penguin"
- ī: טיך tich "cloth (singular noun)"
- u: שטאָט štut "city"
- ō: האופּ hōp "head"
- e: העם hem "home"
- o: וואלף volf "wolf"
- oi: ברויט broit "wide"
- a: סאַוועמי sávemi "pipe"
- ā: גלײַך glāch "even"
- ai: צווײ tsvai "two"
Grammar
I can’t be arsed to write all this in my own words when it’s mostly the same as Real World YIVO Yiddish so here is a link to an improperly cited Wikipedia article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish_grammar