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== Dialects ==
== Dialects ==
=== Monke Hebrew ===
=== Monke Hebrew ===
'''Monke Hebrew''' (natively: עברית מונקאית ''Ivrit Monke'it'' {{ipa|[ʔivʀit mɔŋkɛʔit]}}) is the dialect of Hebrew spoken in the [[Territory of Monke Island]]. It was first introduced to the island by Former-CMCic explorers that arrived circa mid-January 2025. The phonology and vocabulary of this dialect contains traces of contact with nearby cultures, most notably the [[Kyawcenni people|Kyawcennis]] living in [[Vanstèrel]] and in the rest of the KKC more generally, as noted by the relative abundance of [[Kyawcenni language|Kyawcenni]] loanwords in Monke Hebrew and by the presence of the phoneme /y/ (spelled either as ⟨יֿ⟩ or as ⟨Cֻ⟩ in Monke Hebrew), which was also loaned from Kyawcenni.
'''Monke Hebrew''' (natively: עברית מונקאית ''Ivrit Monke'it'' {{ipa|[ʔivʀit mɔŋkɛʔit]}}) is the dialect of Hebrew spoken in the [[Territory of Monke Island]]. It was first introduced to the island by Former-CMCic explorers that arrived circa mid-January 2025. The phonology and vocabulary of this dialect contains traces of contact with nearby cultures, most notably the [[Kyawcenni people|Kyawcennis]] living in [[Vanstèrel]] and in the rest of the KKC more generally, as noted by the relative abundance of [[Kyawcenni language|Kyawcenni]] loanwords in Monke Hebrew and by the presence of the phoneme {{ipa|/y/}} (spelled either as ⟨יֿ⟩ or as ⟨Cֻ⟩ in Monke Hebrew), which was also loaned from Kyawcenni.


==== Phonology ====
==== Phonology ====
===== Consonants =====
===== Consonants =====
Monke Hebrew has 21 consonant phonemes, most notable of which is the loaned phoneme /ŋ/, spelled ⟨נֿ⟩, which appears in loanwords like פאנֿבנר (pańbener) {{ipa|/paŋbɛnɛʀ/}}, meaning "[[Gaming]]". Aside from that, in place of Modern Standard Hebrew /ʁ/, Monke Hebrew has the phoneme /ʀ/.
Monke Hebrew has 25 consonant phonemes, most notable of which are the loaned phoneme {{ipa|/ŋ/}}, spelled ⟨נֿ⟩, which appears in loanwords like פאנֿבנר (pańbener) {{ipa|/paŋbɛnɛʀ/}}, meaning "[[Gaming]]", and the semi-loaned phoneme {{ipa|/ɬ/}}, which normally appears in the neuter plural suffix. Aside from that, in place of MSH {{ipa|/ʁ h/}}, Monke Hebrew has the phoneme {{ipa|/ʀ ɦ/}}.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|-
|-
! Affricate
! Affricate
| || t͡s ⟨צ⟩ || || ||
| || t͡s d͡z ⟨צ צֿ⟩ || || ||
|-
|-
! Fricative
! Fricative
| f v ⟨פֿ ו⟩ || s z ⟨ס ז⟩ || ʃ ⟨ש⟩ || χ ⟨ח⟩ || ɦ ⟨ה⟩
| f v ⟨פֿ ו⟩ || s z ⟨ס ז⟩ || ʃ ʒ ⟨ש שֿ⟩ || χ ⟨ח⟩ || ɦ ⟨ה⟩
|-
|-
! Nasal
! Nasal
Line 36: Line 36:
|-
|-
! Liquid
! Liquid
| || l ⟨ל⟩ || j ⟨י⟩ || ʀ ⟨ר⟩ ||
| w ⟨וּ⟩ || ɬ l ⟨לֿ ל⟩ || j ⟨י⟩ || ʀ ⟨ר⟩ ||
|}
|}


===== Vowels =====
===== Vowels =====
Monke Hebrew has 6 vowel phonemes, most notable of which is the loaned phoneme /y/, appearing in Kyawcenni loanwords like ציֿטו (cíto) {{ipa|[t͡sytɔ]}}, meaning [[Quing]]. Aside from that, in place of Modern Standard Hebrew /e o/, Monke Hebrew has the phonemes /ɛ ɔ/.
Monke Hebrew has 9 vowel phonemes, most notable of which are the loaned phoneme {{ipa|/y/}}, spelled ⟨Cֻ⟩ or ⟨יֿ⟩ appearing in Kyawcenni loanwords like ציֿטו (cíto) {{ipa|[t͡sytɔ]}}, meaning [[Quing]], the loaned phoneme {{ipa|/ɯ/}}, spelled ⟨וּֿ⟩, used to transcribe [[Syzkyn]] words like the native name for [[Myžariky]], which in Monke Hebrew is מוֿשֿריקוֿ (Múžarikú) {{ipa|[mɯʒaʀikɯ]}}, and the loaned phoneme {{ipa|/œ/}}, spelled ⟨וֿ⟩, used to transcribe [[Kozramva]]'s {{ipa|[ø̞]}} sound, like in Monke Hebrew קוֿשֿיטינה (Qóžitina) {{ipa|/kœʒitina/}}. Aside from that, in place of MSH {{ipa|/e o/}}, Monke Hebrew has the phonemes {{ipa|/ɛ ɔ/}}, and it also pronounces the [[w:Niqqud|Niqqud]] symbols [[w:Shva|Šva]] and [[w:Kubutz and shuruk|Qubuc]] as {{ipa|/ə/}} and {{ipa|/y/}} respectively, as opposed to MSH {{ipa|/∅/}} and {{ipa|/u/}}.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! !! Front !! Back
! !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
|-
! High
! High
| i y ⟨Cִ/י Cֻ/יֿ⟩ || u ⟨וּ⟩
| i y ⟨Cִ/י Cֻ/יֿ⟩ || || ɯ u ⟨וּֿ וּ⟩
|-
|-
! Mid
! Mid
| ɛ ⟨Cֶ⟩ || ɔ ⟨Cֹ/ו⟩
| || ə ⟨Cְ⟩ ||
|-
|-
! Low
! Low
| colspan="2" | a ⟨Cַ/א/ה⟩
| ɛ œ ⟨Cֶ וֿ⟩ || || a ɔ ⟨Cַ/א/ה Cֹ/ו⟩
|}
|}


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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Letter !! MSH romanisation ([[w:Romanization of Hebrew#Table|Common Israeli]]) !! Monke Hebrew romanisation
! colspan="2" | Letter !! MSH romanisation ([[w:Romanization of Hebrew#Table|Common Israeli]]) !! Monke Hebrew romanisation
|-
|-
| יֿ || [N/A] || í
| colspan="2" | וּֿ || [N/A] || ú
|-
|-
| כ || c, k || k
| colspan="2" | וֿ || [N/A] || ó
|-
|-
| נֿ || [N/A] || ń
| colspan="2" | ח || ch, kh, h || ħ
|-
|-
| צ || ts, tz || c
| colspan="2" | יֿ || [N/A] || í
|-
|-
| ק || c, k || q
| colspan="2" | כ || c, k || k
|-
|-
| ש || sh || š
| colspan="2" | לֿ || [N/A] || ĺ
|-
|-
| Cֻ || u /u/ || í /y/
| colspan="2" | נֿ || [N/A] || ń
|-
| colspan="2" | צ || ts, tz || c
|-
| colspan="2" | צֿ || [N/A] || ć
|-
| colspan="2" | ק || c, k || q
|-
| colspan="2" | ש || sh || š
|-
| ז׳ || שֿ || zh || ž
|-
| colspan="2" | Cֻ || u {{ipa|/u/}} || í {{ipa|/y/}}
|-
| colspan="2" | Cְ || ∅ || á {{ipa|/ə/}}
|}
|}


[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Language]]

Latest revision as of 07:25, 11 March 2025

Hebrew
Language familyAmuj-Shudrowan
Writing systemHebrew Abjad
Official status
Spoken inKingdom of Kyaw Cen
Speaker
Endonymעברית
Number of speakers44
Technical information
UsageRegional Official Language
Language codeheb


Hebrew (natively: עברית Ivrit /ʔivʁit/) is an Amuj-Shudrowan language that is spoken as an official language of the Territory of Monke Island, which is an organised territory in the Kingdom of Kyaw Cen. Additionally, it was formerly spoken in the Uzafnic Federation, in the CMCic Federation, and in the Amujan nations of North Amuj, South Amuj, and Igeþa.

Dialects

Monke Hebrew

Monke Hebrew (natively: עברית מונקאית Ivrit Monke'it [ʔivʀit mɔŋkɛʔit]) is the dialect of Hebrew spoken in the Territory of Monke Island. It was first introduced to the island by Former-CMCic explorers that arrived circa mid-January 2025. The phonology and vocabulary of this dialect contains traces of contact with nearby cultures, most notably the Kyawcennis living in Vanstèrel and in the rest of the KKC more generally, as noted by the relative abundance of Kyawcenni loanwords in Monke Hebrew and by the presence of the phoneme /y/ (spelled either as ⟨יֿ⟩ or as ⟨Cֻ⟩ in Monke Hebrew), which was also loaned from Kyawcenni.

Phonology

Consonants

Monke Hebrew has 25 consonant phonemes, most notable of which are the loaned phoneme /ŋ/, spelled ⟨נֿ⟩, which appears in loanwords like פאנֿבנר (pańbener) /paŋbɛnɛʀ/, meaning "Gaming", and the semi-loaned phoneme /ɬ/, which normally appears in the neuter plural suffix. Aside from that, in place of MSH /ʁ h/, Monke Hebrew has the phoneme /ʀ ɦ/.

Labial Alveolar Palatal Dorsal Glottal
Plosive p b ⟨פ ב⟩ t d ⟨ט/ת ד⟩ k g ⟨כ/ק ג⟩ ʔ ⟨א/ע⟩
Affricate t͡s d͡z ⟨צ צֿ⟩
Fricative f v ⟨פֿ ו⟩ s z ⟨ס ז⟩ ʃ ʒ ⟨ש שֿ⟩ χ ⟨ח⟩ ɦ ⟨ה⟩
Nasal m ⟨מ⟩ n ⟨נ⟩ ŋ ⟨נֿ⟩
Liquid w ⟨וּ⟩ ɬ l ⟨לֿ ל⟩ j ⟨י⟩ ʀ ⟨ר⟩
Vowels

Monke Hebrew has 9 vowel phonemes, most notable of which are the loaned phoneme /y/, spelled ⟨Cֻ⟩ or ⟨יֿ⟩ appearing in Kyawcenni loanwords like ציֿטו (cíto) [t͡sytɔ], meaning Quing, the loaned phoneme /ɯ/, spelled ⟨וּֿ⟩, used to transcribe Syzkyn words like the native name for Myžariky, which in Monke Hebrew is מוֿשֿריקוֿ (Múžarikú) [mɯʒaʀikɯ], and the loaned phoneme /œ/, spelled ⟨וֿ⟩, used to transcribe Kozramva's [ø̞] sound, like in Monke Hebrew קוֿשֿיטינה (Qóžitina) /kœʒitina/. Aside from that, in place of MSH /e o/, Monke Hebrew has the phonemes /ɛ ɔ/, and it also pronounces the Niqqud symbols Šva and Qubuc as /ə/ and /y/ respectively, as opposed to MSH /∅/ and /u/.

Front Central Back
High i y ⟨Cִ/י Cֻ/יֿ⟩ ɯ u ⟨וּֿ וּ⟩
Mid ə ⟨Cְ⟩
Low ɛ œ ⟨Cֶ וֿ⟩ a ɔ ⟨Cַ/א/ה Cֹ/ו⟩

Romanisation

Monke Hebrew romanisation has a few differences from that of Modern Standard Hebrew, which are listed in the table below.

Letter MSH romanisation (Common Israeli) Monke Hebrew romanisation
וּֿ [N/A] ú
וֿ [N/A] ó
ח ch, kh, h ħ
יֿ [N/A] í
כ c, k k
לֿ [N/A] ĺ
נֿ [N/A] ń
צ ts, tz c
צֿ [N/A] ć
ק c, k q
ש sh š
ז׳ שֿ zh ž
Cֻ u /u/ í /y/
Cְ ∅ á /ə/
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