Humild: Difference between revisions

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added a bit of grammar and noun declension
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Line 35: Line 35:
| f v
| f v
| s~z θ~ð ⟨s ð⟩
| s~z θ~ð ⟨s ð⟩
| ɕ ⟨x⟩
| ɕ ⟨ś⟩
| h~x ⟨h⟩
| h~x ⟨h⟩
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
Line 52: Line 52:
|}
|}


* the consonants m, n, l, s, and ɕ may be syllabic
* the consonants m, n, l, s, and ɕ may be syllabic, and are written 'm, 'n, 'l, 's, and 'ś.


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
Line 71: Line 71:
! [[w:Close vowel|Close]]
! [[w:Close vowel|Close]]
| i
| i
| iː ⟨ii⟩
| iː ⟨í⟩
| y ⟨ü⟩
| y
| yː ⟨üü⟩
| yː ⟨ý⟩
| u
| u
| uː ⟨uu⟩
| uː ⟨ú⟩
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| e
| e
| eː ⟨ee⟩
| eː ⟨é⟩
| ø ⟨ö⟩
| ø
| øː ⟨öö⟩
| øː ⟨ǿ⟩
| o
| o
| oː ⟨oo⟩
| oː ⟨ó⟩
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
| æ ⟨ä⟩
| æ
| æː ⟨ää⟩
| æː ⟨ǽ⟩
|
|
|
|
| ɑ ⟨a⟩
| ɑ ⟨a⟩
| ɑː ⟨aa⟩
| ɑː ⟨á⟩
|}
 
* Also there are the diphthongs: au, ou, yi, ui, ai, and oi
 
==Orthography==
 
{|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"
|-
! IPA !! Humild Script !! Romanization !! Alternative
|+Consonants
|-
| /p/ || {{script|script=humild|t=p}} || p ||
|-
| /b/ || {{script|script=humild|t=b}} || b ||
|-
| /t/ || {{script|script=humild|t=t}} || t ||
|-
| /d/ || {{script|script=humild|t=d}} || d ||
|-
| /k/ || {{script|script=humild|t=k}} || k ||
|-
| /g/ || {{script|script=humild|t=g}} || g ||
|-
| /m/ || {{script|script=humild|t=m}} || m ||
|-
| /n/ || {{script|script=humild|t=n}} || n ||
|-
| /ŋ/ || {{script|script=humild|t=ṇ}} || ṇ || ng
|-
| /f/ || {{script|script=humild|t=f}} || f ||
|-
| /v/ || {{script|script=humild|t=v}} || v ||
|-
| /s/ || {{script|script=humild|t=s}} || s ||
|-
| /ð/ || {{script|script=humild|t=ð}} || ð || th
|-
| /ɕ/ || {{script|script=humild|t=ś}} || ś || sh
|-
| /h/ || {{script|script=humild|t=h}} || h ||
|-
| /r̥/ || {{script|script=humild|t=ŕ}} || ŕ || rh
|-
| /r/ || {{script|script=humild|t=r}} || r ||
|-
| /l/ || {{script|script=humild|t=l}} || l ||
|-
| /j/ || {{script|script=humild|t=j}} || j ||
|-
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;"
|+Vowels
|-
! IPA !! Humild Script !! Romanization !! Alternative
|-
| /i/ || {{script|script=humild|t=i}} || i ||
|-
| /y/ || {{script|script=humild|t=y}} || y ||
|-
| /u/ || {{script|script=humild|t=u}} || u ||
|-
| /e/ || {{script|script=humild|t=e}} || e ||
|-
| /ø/ || {{script|script=humild|t=ø}} || ø || oe
|-
| /o/ || {{script|script=humild|t=o}} || o ||
|-
| /æ/ || {{script|script=humild|t=æ}} || æ || ae
|-
| /ɑ/ || {{script|script=humild|t=a}} || a ||
|-
| /ɑu/ || {{script|script=humild|t=â}} || au ||
|-
| /ou/ || {{script|script=humild|t=ô}} || ou ||
|-
| /yi/ || {{script|script=humild|t=ỳ}} || yi ||
|-
| /ui/ || {{script|script=humild|t=ù}} || ui ||
|-
| /ɑi/ || {{script|script=humild|t=à}} || ai ||
|-
| /oi/ || {{script|script=humild|t=ò}} || oi ||
|-
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;"
|+Suprasegmentals
|-
! IPA !! Humild Script !! Romanization !! Notes
|-
| /◌̩/ || ◌̇ ({{script|script=humild|t=M N L S Ś}}) || '◌ ('m 'n 'l 's 'ś) || Syllabic consonant
|-
| /◌ː/ || ◌̇  ({{script|script=humild|t=í ý ú é ǿ ó ǽ á}})|| ◌́  (í ý ú é ǿ ó ǽ á)|| Long vowel
|-
|}
|}
|}


Line 110: Line 209:
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" | Accusative
! colspan="2" | Accusative
| '''ii'''s
| '''í'''s
| '''ii'''s'''il'''
| '''í'''s'''il'''
| '''ii'''s'''iln'''
| '''í'''s'''iln'''
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" | Genitive
! colspan="2" | Genitive
Line 136: Line 235:
! colspan="2" | Nominative
! colspan="2" | Nominative
| ṇu
| ṇu
| ṇu'''xil'''
| ṇu'''śil'''
| ṇu'''xiln'''
| ṇu'''śiln'''
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" | Accusative
! colspan="2" | Accusative
| ṇ'''ü'''
| ṇ'''y'''
| ṇ'''üxil'''
| ṇ'''yśil'''
| ṇ'''üxiln'''
| ṇ'''yśiln'''
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" | Genitive
! colspan="2" | Genitive
| '''sa'''ṇu
| '''sa'''ṇu
| '''sa'''ṇu'''xil'''
| '''sa'''ṇu'''śil'''
| '''sa'''ṇu'''xiln'''
| '''sa'''ṇu'''śiln'''
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" | Locative +
! colspan="2" | Locative +
| ''''l'''ṇu
| ''''l'''ṇu
| ''''l'''ṇu'''xil'''
| ''''l'''ṇu'''śil'''
| ''''l'''ṇu'''xiln'''
| ''''l'''ṇu'''śiln'''
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" | Locative -
! colspan="2" | Locative -
| '''ke'''ṇu
| '''ke'''ṇu
| '''ke'''ṇu'''xil'''
| '''ke'''ṇu'''śil'''
| '''ke'''ṇu'''xiln'''
| '''ke'''ṇu'''śiln'''
|}
 
===Verb Conjugation===
 
In Humild there are only two tenses and two aspects.
 
{|class="wikitable"
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" | ''dag'' "eat" !! Past !! Nonpast
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" | Imperfective
| däg
| dag
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" | Perfective
| gedäg
| '''-'''
|- align="center"
 
{|class="wikitable"
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" | copula !! Past !! Nonpast
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" | Imperfective
| vä
| va
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" | Perfective
| gä
| '''-'''
|- align="center"
 
|}
|}


[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Language]]

Latest revision as of 21:55, 25 August 2025

Humild
Language familyLanguage isolate
Writing systemHumild Script, Latin
Official status
Spoken inHummland
Speaker
DemonymHumild
Number of speakers2
Technical information
UsageNative language, Government language


Humild is a language spoken in Hummland.

Phonology

Consonants

Labials Dentals Palatals Velars
Plosives p b t d k g
Nasals m n ŋ ⟨ṇ⟩
Fricatives f v s~z θ~ð ⟨s ð⟩ ɕ ⟨ś⟩ h~x ⟨h⟩
Trills r̥ r ⟨ŕ r⟩
Approximant l j
  • the consonants m, n, l, s, and ɕ may be syllabic, and are written 'm, 'n, 'l, 's, and 'ś.

Vowels

Front Back
Short Long Short Long Short Long
Close i iː ⟨í⟩ y yː ⟨ý⟩ u uː ⟨ú⟩
Mid e eː ⟨é⟩ ø øː ⟨ǿ⟩ o oː ⟨ó⟩
Open æ æː ⟨ǽ⟩ ɑ ⟨a⟩ ɑː ⟨á⟩
  • Also there are the diphthongs: au, ou, yi, ui, ai, and oi

Orthography

IPA Humild Script Romanization Alternative
Consonants
/p/ p p
/b/ b b
/t/ t t
/d/ d d
/k/ k k
/g/ g g
/m/ m m
/n/ n n
/ŋ/ ṇ ṇ ng
/f/ f f
/v/ v v
/s/ s s
/ð/ ð ð th
/ɕ/ ś ś sh
/h/ h h
/r̥/ ŕ ŕ rh
/r/ r r
/l/ l l
/j/ j j
Vowels
IPA Humild Script Romanization Alternative
/i/ i i
/y/ y y
/u/ u u
/e/ e e
/ø/ ø ø oe
/o/ o o
/æ/ æ æ ae
/ɑ/ a a
/ɑu/ â au
/ou/ ô ou
/yi/ ỳ yi
/ui/ ù ui
/ɑi/ à ai
/oi/ ò oi
Suprasegmentals
IPA Humild Script Romanization Notes
/◌̩/ ◌̇ (M N L S Ś) '◌ ('m 'n 'l 's 'ś) Syllabic consonant
/◌ː/ ◌̇ (í ý ú é ǿ ó ǽ á) ◌́ (í ý ú é ǿ ó ǽ á) Long vowel

Grammar

The word order of Humild is subject object verb. There are no articles.

Noun Declension

Humild has 3 numbers: the singular for one of something, the plural for many of something, and the superplural for loads upon loads of something, and 5 cases: the nominative used for the agent, the accusative used for the patient, the genitive used for posession, the positive locative used for loacation at or on a high place, and the negative locative used for location at or in a low place.

is "food" Singular Plural Superplural
Nominative is isil isiln
Accusative ís ísil ísiln
Genitive sanis sanisil sanisiln
Locative + lis lisil lisiln
Locative - kis kisil kisiln
ṇu "Ŋearth" Singular Plural Superplural
Nominative ṇu ṇuśil ṇuśiln
Accusative ṇy ṇyśil ṇyśiln
Genitive saṇu saṇuśil saṇuśiln
Locative + 'lṇu 'lṇuśil 'lṇuśiln
Locative - keṇu keṇuśil keṇuśiln

Verb Conjugation

In Humild there are only two tenses and two aspects.

dag "eat" Past Nonpast
Imperfective däg dag
Perfective gedäg -
copula Past Nonpast
Imperfective vä va
Perfective gä -
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