|
|
| (10 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| | {{Notice|This ŋarticle is under construction.}} |
| {{Infobox language | | {{Infobox language |
| |name=Itulankom | | |name=Yakkanogi |
| |family=Chirean | | |family=[[Tsai-Chire]] |
| |scripts=[[w:Latin script|Latin]] | | |scripts=[[Tanswaiy]], sometimes [[Latin alphabet|Latin]] |
| |country=[[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen]] | | |country=[[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen]] |
| |regulator=[[Itulankom Nation]] | | |regulator=[[Yakkaongi Nation]] |
| |demonym=Itulankom}} | | |demonym=Yakkanogi |
| Itulankom (Itulankom: [i.tu.laŋ̊ˈkom]) is an indigenous language of [[Shingtsun]], [[Kingdom of Kyaw Cen]]. Formerly spoken in most of that area, it is by now spoken only in the eastern fringes near [[Woclêw]] and [[Mount Xoran]].
| | |lang-code=YAK |
| | }} |
|
| |
|
| == Phonology ==
| | '''Yakkanogi''' is a language spoken by the Yakkanogi people in eastern [[Shingtsun]], more precisely around the [[Svérigé]], [[Nagjil]] the [[Yakkanogi Nation]] in northern [[Cistsaia]]. |
| Itulankom has 17 consonants and 6 vowel qualities, 5 of which may be long or short, as well as 5 diphthongs.
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+Consonants
| |
| !
| |
| !Labial
| |
| !Alveolar
| |
| !Palatal
| |
| !Velar
| |
| !Glottal
| |
| |-
| |
| !Nasal
| |
| |m
| |
| |n
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |Plosive
| |
| |p
| |
| |t
| |
| |t͡ʃ
| |
| |k
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |b
| |
| |d
| |
| |d͡ʒ
| |
| |g
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !Fricative
| |
| |
| |
| |s
| |
| |ʃ
| |
| |
| |
| |h
| |
| |-
| |
| !Approximant
| |
| |v
| |
| |l
| |
| |j
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !Rhotic
| |
| |
| |
| |r
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| Nasals assimilate to the place of articulation of following consonants (except for /j, v/), and are pronounced voiceless when before voiceless consonants.
| |
|
| |
|
| The consonant /ɡ/ is realized as [ɣ] before the front vowels /e(ː)/ and /i(ː)/.
| | ==Phonology== |
| | | vowel harmony |
| /h/ cannot appear after another consonant.
| |
| | |
| The consonants /t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, ʃ, j/ are written <ch, j, sh, y>
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+Vowels
| |
| !
| |
| !Front
| |
| !Central
| |
| !Back
| |
| |-
| |
| !High
| |
| |i(ː)
| |
| |ɨ
| |
| |u(ː)
| |
| |-
| |
| !Low
| |
| |e(ː)
| |
| |a(ː)
| |
| |o(ː)
| |
| |}
| |
| In addition, the diphthongs /a͡i a͡u e͡a o͡a u͡i/ are present in the language.
| |
| | |
| Long vowels are written with an acute, and the high central vowel is written <ë>.
| |
| | |
| Before approximants or /v/, the vowel /e(ː)/ is realized as [ə(ː)], and the vowel /o(ː)/ is realized as [ɔ(ː)].
| |
| | |
| === Phonotactics ===
| |
| The most complex allowed syllable structure is CAVAC, where C is any consonant, V is any vowel, and A is an approximant, nasal or /v/.
| |
| | |
| == Grammar ==
| |
| | |
| === Nouns ===
| |
| Itulankom is a case-marking language with 7 cases. It is fairly middle-of-the-road when it comes to the degree of synthesis in the language.
| |
| | |
| It is mostly head-initial, with prepositions, SVO word order, and adjectives that come after nouns.
| |
| | |
| ==== Case ====
| |
| The 7 cases of the language are: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, locative, ablative, instrumental. They are marked with the following suffixes:
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+
| |
| !
| |
| !Singular
| |
| !Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| !Nominative
| |
| |N/A
| |
| | -l (after vowels)
| |
| -al (after consonants)
| |
| |-
| |
| !Accusative
| |
| | -ë (after most consonants)
| |
| -i (after ch, j, sh)
| |
| -ye (after vowels)
| |
| | -ël (after most consonants)
| |
| -il (after ch, j, sh)
| |
| -yel (after vowels)
| |
| |-
| |
| !Genitive
| |
| | -ea (after consonants)
| |
| -ya (after vowels)
| |
| | -eahen (after consonants)
| |
| -yahen (after vowels)
| |
| |-
| |
| !Dative
| |
| | -osh (after consonants)
| |
| -sh (after vowels)
| |
| | -oshol (after consonants)
| |
| -shol (after vowels)
| |
| |-
| |
| !Locative
| |
| |ëk (after most consonants)
| |
| -k (after vowels)
| |
| -ik (after ch, j, sh)
| |
| |ëlik (after most consonants)
| |
| -lik (after vowels)
| |
| -ilik (after ch, j, sh)
| |
| |-
| |
| !Ablative
| |
| | -lai
| |
| | -lail
| |
| |-
| |
| !Instrumental
| |
| | -mu
| |
| | -myas
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| === Verbs ===
| |
| The language has a copula, the base form of which is -mek.
| |
| | |
| == Vocabulary ==
| |
| The vocabulary of Itulankom has been heavily influenced by [[Kyawcenni language|Kyawcenni]], with many loanwords from that language.
| |
| [[Category:Language]]
| |
 Notice: | This ŋarticle is under construction. |
Yakkanogi is a language spoken by the Yakkanogi people in eastern Shingtsun, more precisely around the Svérigé, Nagjil the Yakkanogi Nation in northern Cistsaia.
Phonology
vowel harmony