Sesje: Difference between revisions

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=== Consonants ===
=== Consonants ===
'''Sesje''' has 14 base consonants and 20 allophonic consonants, for a total of 34 consonants.
'''Sesje''' has 14 base consonants and 23 allophonic consonants, for a total of 37 consonants.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 26: Line 26:
| [n̥] n ⟨hn n⟩
| [n̥] n ⟨hn n⟩
|  
|  
| [ɲ] ⟨nj⟩
| [ɲ̥ ɲ] ⟨nhj nj⟩
| [ŋ̊ ŋ] ⟨nk ng⟩
| [ŋ̊ ŋ] ⟨nk ng⟩
|  
|  
Line 34: Line 34:
|  
|  
| t d [ʦ ʣ] ⟨t d ts dz⟩
| t d [ʦ ʣ] ⟨t d ts dz⟩
| ʧ ʤ ⟨ç/tj/kj c/dj/gj⟩
| ʧ ʤ ⟨ç/tj/kj/tsj c/dj/gj/dzj⟩
| [ʨ ʥ] ⟨çj cj⟩
| [ʨ ʥ] ⟨çj/tçjh/tsçj cj/dcjh/dzcj⟩
| k ɡ
| k ɡ
|  
|  
Line 41: Line 41:
! colspan="2" | [[w:Fricative|Fricative]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Fricative|Fricative]]
| [ɸ β] ⟨ph bh⟩
| [ɸ β] ⟨ph bh⟩
| [θ ð] ⟨th dh⟩
| [θ ð] ⟨th/phj dh/bhj⟩
| s z
| s z
| [ʃ ʒ] ⟨sj/çh zj/ch⟩
| [ʃ ʒ] ⟨sj/çh/sç/stj/skj/stsj zj/ch/zc/zdj/zgj/zdzj
| [ç] ⟨hj⟩
| [ɕ ʑ ç ʝ] ⟨çjh/sçj cjh/zcj hj/khj ghj⟩
| [x ɣ] ⟨kh gh⟩
| [x ɣ] ⟨kh gh⟩
| h
| h [ɦ] ⟨h h⟩
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Approximant|Liquid]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Approximant|Liquid]]
|  
| w
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| j
| j
|  
| [w]
|  
|  
|}
|}


Cross-syllabic [tj kj] and [dj ɡj] merge with pre-existing [ʧ] and [ʤ].<br>Cross-syllabic [nj sj zj hj] become allophones [ɲ ʃ ʒ ç].<br>Cross-syllabic [ng] becomes allophone [ŋ].<br>Cross-syllabic [hm hn nk] become allophones [m̥ n̥ ŋ̊].<br>Cross-syllabic [ph bh th dh ʧh ʤh kh ɡh] become allophones [ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ x ɣ]<br>Cross-syllabic [ʧj ʤj] become allophones [ʨ ʥ].<br>Cross-syllabic [ts dz] become allophones [ʦ ʣ].
Consonant clusters are only allowed at the end of a word if the constituent consonants used to surround an elided [ə], and even then, the consonants may swap to make either an allophone or a more easily pronounced consonant cluster.<br>The consonants [m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ ʦ ʣ ʨ ʥ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ç ʝ x ɣ ɦ] can only appear cross-syllabically, meaning across syllables, or at the end of a word that used to have an elided final vowel [ə].<br>Between two vowels or between a vowel and the start of a word, ⟨w⟩ is pronounced as [w], not [u].
 
 


=== Vowels ===
=== Vowels ===
'''Sesje''' has 7 base vowels, 5 allophonic vowels, and 1 up-for-debate vowel, for a total of 12 or 13 total vowels.
'''Sesje''' has 7 base vowels, 18 allophonic vowels, and 1 up-for-debate vowel, for a total of 25 or 26 total vowels.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 68: Line 70:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | High
! colspan="2" | High
| i
| i [y] ⟨i iw⟩
| ɨ ⟨u⟩
| ɨ [ʉ] ⟨u/ui uw⟩
| u ⟨w⟩
| [ɯ] u ⟨wi w⟩
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Near-High
! colspan="2" | Near-High
| ɪ ⟨î⟩
| [ɪ ʏ] ⟨î îw/iŵ⟩
| ᵻ ⟨û⟩
| [ᵻ ᵿ] ⟨û/ûi/uî ûw/uŵ⟩
| ʊ ⟨ŵ⟩
| [ɯ̽ ʊ] ⟨ŵi/wî ŵ⟩
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Mid
! colspan="2" | Mid
| ɛ ⟨e⟩
|  
| [ə] ⟨ŷ⟩
| [ə] ⟨ŷ⟩
| ɔ ⟨o⟩
|  
|-
! colspan="2" | Low-Mid
| ɛ [œ] ⟨e ew/io⟩
| ɜ [ɞ] ⟨y/ue uo⟩
| [ʌ] ɔ ⟨we/oi o⟩
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Near-Low
| [æ ɶ̝] ⟨ê êw/eŵ/îo/iô⟩
| [ɐ] ⟨ua⟩
|
! colspan="2" | Low
! colspan="2" | Low
| [a]
| [a]
| ɜ ⟨y⟩
|  
| ɑ ⟨a⟩ [ɒ] ⟨ô/â⟩
| ɑ [ɒ] ⟨a/ŵe/wê/ôi/oî ô/â⟩
|}
|}


* [ɑ] may be pronounced as [a] by younger speakers.
Unstressed [ə] is elided in polysyllabic words.<br>Vowels with circumflexes, i.e. [ɪ ᵻ ʊ ə æ ɒ], are allophones of [i ɨ u ɜ ɛ ɑ ɔ] when unstressed.<br>[ɑ] may be realised as [a] by younger speakers.
* [ɜ] is pronounced as [ə] when unstressed.
* [ɔ ɑ] are pronounced as [ɒ] when unstressed.
* [i ɨ u] are pronounced as [ɪ ᵻ ʊ] when unstressed.


[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Language]]

Revision as of 21:02, 20 April 2024

Sesje
Language familyIsolate
Writing systemSesje Script
Official status
Spoken inAmuj
Regulated byCasual Mitosis Collective
Speaker
Number of speakers1
Technical information
UsageRecordkeeping and signage
Language codeSJE


Sesje (natively: Esesje Ocŵgjîd [ˈɛ.sɛ.ˌʃɛ ˈɔ.ʤʊ.ˌʤɪd]) is a language isolate spoken on the northeastern coast of the Sea of Fortune and is the official language of the city state of Amuj.

Phonology

Consonants

Sesje has 14 base consonants and 23 allophonic consonants, for a total of 37 consonants.

Labial Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal [m̥] m ⟨hm m⟩ [n̥] n ⟨hn n⟩ [ɲ̥ ɲ] ⟨nhj nj⟩ [ŋ̊ ŋ] ⟨nk ng⟩
Plosive p b t d [ʦ ʣ] ⟨t d ts dz⟩ ʧ ʤ ⟨ç/tj/kj/tsj c/dj/gj/dzj⟩ [ʨ ʥ] ⟨çj/tçjh/tsçj cj/dcjh/dzcj⟩ k ɡ
Fricative [ɸ β] ⟨ph bh⟩ [θ ð] ⟨th/phj dh/bhj⟩ s z [ʃ ʒ] ⟨sj/çh/sç/stj/skj/stsj zj/ch/zc/zdj/zgj/zdzj [ɕ ʑ ç ʝ] ⟨çjh/sçj cjh/zcj hj/khj ghj⟩ [x ɣ] ⟨kh gh⟩ h [ɦ] ⟨h h⟩
Liquid w j [w]

Consonant clusters are only allowed at the end of a word if the constituent consonants used to surround an elided [ə], and even then, the consonants may swap to make either an allophone or a more easily pronounced consonant cluster.
The consonants [m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ ʦ ʣ ʨ ʥ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ç ʝ x ɣ ɦ] can only appear cross-syllabically, meaning across syllables, or at the end of a word that used to have an elided final vowel [ə].
Between two vowels or between a vowel and the start of a word, ⟨w⟩ is pronounced as [w], not [u].


Vowels

Sesje has 7 base vowels, 18 allophonic vowels, and 1 up-for-debate vowel, for a total of 25 or 26 total vowels.

Front Central Back
High i [y] ⟨i iw⟩ ɨ [ʉ] ⟨u/ui uw⟩ [ɯ] u ⟨wi w⟩
Near-High [ɪ ʏ] ⟨î îw/iŵ⟩ [ᵻ ᵿ] ⟨û/ûi/uî ûw/uŵ⟩ [ɯ̽ ʊ] ⟨ŵi/wî ŵ⟩
Mid [ə] ⟨ŷ⟩
Low-Mid ɛ [œ] ⟨e ew/io⟩ ɜ [ɞ] ⟨y/ue uo⟩ [ʌ] ɔ ⟨we/oi o⟩
Near-Low [æ ɶ̝] ⟨ê êw/eŵ/îo/iô⟩ [ɐ] ⟨ua⟩ Low [a] ɑ [ɒ] ⟨a/ŵe/wê/ôi/oî ô/â⟩

Unstressed [ə] is elided in polysyllabic words.
Vowels with circumflexes, i.e. [ɪ ᵻ ʊ ə æ ɒ], are allophones of [i ɨ u ɜ ɛ ɑ ɔ] when unstressed.
[ɑ] may be realised as [a] by younger speakers.

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