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'''Sesje''' has a total of 85 consonants. | '''Sesje''' has a total of 85 consonants. | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="2" | !! Labial !! Dentals !! Alveolars !! Postalveolars !! Retroflex !! Palatals !! Velars !! Uvulars !! Glottals | ! colspan="2" | !! Labial !! Dentals !! Alveolars !! Postalveolars !! Retroflex !! Palatals !! Velars !! Uvulars !! Glottals | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Nasals | ! colspan="2" | Nasals | ||
| m̥ m ⟨ḿ m⟩ | | m̥ m ⟨ḿ m⟩ | ||
Line 34: | Line 33: | ||
| ɴ̥ ɴ ⟨ŋ̌ ŋ̀⟩ | | ɴ̥ ɴ ⟨ŋ̌ ŋ̀⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" | Plosives | |||
! Voiceless | |||
| p p͡ɸ ⟨p p̀⟩ | | p p͡ɸ ⟨p p̀⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
Line 46: | Line 45: | ||
| q q͡χ ⟨q q̀⟩ | | q q͡χ ⟨q q̀⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Voiced | |||
| b b͡β ⟨b b̀⟩ | | b b͡β ⟨b b̀⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
Line 57: | Line 56: | ||
| ɢ ɢ͡ʁ ⟨ġ ġ̖⟩ | | ɢ ɢ͡ʁ ⟨ġ ġ̖⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Prenasalized | |||
| ᵐp ᵐb ᵐp͡ɸ ᵐb͡β ⟨ṕ b́ p̌ b̌⟩ | | ᵐp ᵐb ᵐp͡ɸ ᵐb͡β ⟨ṕ b́ p̌ b̌⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
Line 68: | Line 67: | ||
| ᶰq ᶰɢ ᶰq͡χ ᶰɢ͡ʁ ⟨q́ ġ̗ q̌ ġ̭⟩ | | ᶰq ᶰɢ ᶰq͡χ ᶰɢ͡ʁ ⟨q́ ġ̗ q̌ ġ̭⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Fricatives | |||
! Voiceless | |||
| ɸ ⟨f⟩ | | ɸ ⟨f⟩ | ||
| θ ⟨þ⟩ | | θ ⟨þ⟩ | ||
Line 80: | Line 79: | ||
| χ ⟨x̀⟩ | | χ ⟨x̀⟩ | ||
| h ⟨h⟩ | | h ⟨h⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Voiced | |||
| β ⟨v⟩ | | β ⟨v⟩ | ||
| ð | | ð | ||
Line 91: | Line 90: | ||
| ʁ ⟨ğ̀⟩ | | ʁ ⟨ğ̀⟩ | ||
| ɦ ⟨h⟩ | | ɦ ⟨h⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" | Approximants | ||
| ʍ w ɥ̊ ɥ ⟨ẃ w w̋ ẅ⟩ | | ʍ w ɥ̊ ɥ ⟨ẃ w w̋ ẅ⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
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'''Sesje''' has a total of 30 vowels, 11 of which come in short and long varieties, and 5 of which are exclusively long. | '''Sesje''' has a total of 30 vowels, 11 of which come in short and long varieties, and 5 of which are exclusively long. | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="2" | !! Front !! Central !! Back | ! colspan="2" | !! Front !! Central !! Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | High | ! rowspan="2" | High | ||
! Short | ! Short | ||
Line 122: | Line 120: | ||
| ɨ ʉ ⟨u ü⟩ | | ɨ ʉ ⟨u ü⟩ | ||
| ɯ u ⟨ï w⟩ | | ɯ u ⟨ï w⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Long | ! Long | ||
| iː yː ⟨ii ẅẅ⟩ | | iː yː ⟨ii ẅẅ⟩ | ||
| ɨː ʉː ⟨uu üü⟩ | | ɨː ʉː ⟨uu üü⟩ | ||
| ɯː uː ⟨ïï ww⟩ | | ɯː uː ⟨ïï ww⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Near-High | ! colspan="2" | Near-High | ||
| ɪ ʏ ⟨î ẅ̂⟩ | | ɪ ʏ ⟨î ẅ̂⟩ | ||
| ᵻ ᵿ ⟨û ü̂⟩ | | ᵻ ᵿ ⟨û ü̂⟩ | ||
| ɯ̽ ʊ ⟨ï̂ û⟩ | | ɯ̽ ʊ ⟨ï̂ û⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Mid-High | ! rowspan="2" | Mid-High | ||
! Short | ! Short | ||
Line 138: | Line 136: | ||
| ɵ ⟨ÿ̂⟩ | | ɵ ⟨ÿ̂⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Long | ! Long | ||
| eː øː ⟨ee öö⟩ | | eː øː ⟨ee öö⟩ | ||
| ɘː ɵː ⟨yy ÿÿ⟩ | | ɘː ɵː ⟨yy ÿÿ⟩ | ||
| ɤː oː ⟨ëë oo⟩ | | ɤː oː ⟨ëë oo⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Mid | ! colspan="2" | Mid | ||
| | | | ||
| ǝ ⟨ŷ⟩ | | ǝ ⟨ŷ⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Mid-Low | ! colspan="2" | Mid-Low | ||
| ɛ œ ⟨e ö⟩ | | ɛ œ ⟨e ö⟩ | ||
| ɜ ɞ ⟨y ÿ⟩ | | ɜ ɞ ⟨y ÿ⟩ | ||
| ʌ ɔ ⟨ë o⟩ | | ʌ ɔ ⟨ë o⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Near-Low | ! rowspan="2" | Near-Low | ||
! Short | ! Short | ||
Line 159: | Line 157: | ||
| ɐ ⟨ä⟩ | | ɐ ⟨ä⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Long | ! Long | ||
| æː ɶ̝ː ⟨êê ö̂ö̂⟩ | | æː ɶ̝ː ⟨êê ö̂ö̂⟩ | ||
| ɐː ⟨ää⟩ | | ɐː ⟨ää⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Low | ! rowspan="2" | Low | ||
! Short | ! Short | ||
Line 170: | Line 168: | ||
| | | | ||
| ɑ ɒ ⟨a â⟩ | | ɑ ɒ ⟨a â⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Long | ! Long | ||
| [aː] | | [aː] |
Revision as of 22:22, 18 June 2024
Sesje | |
---|---|
Language family | Isolate |
Writing system | Sesje Script |
Official status | |
Spoken in | Amuj |
Regulated by | Casual Mitosis Collective |
Speaker | |
Demonym | Sesjen |
Endonym | Seeš [ˈseːʃ] |
Exonym | Sesje |
Number of speakers | 5 |
Technical information | |
Usage | Recordkeeping and signage |
Language code | SJE |
Sesje (natively: Esêêš Ooď [ˈɛ.sæːʃ oːʥ]) is a language isolate spoken on the northern coast of the Amujan Sea and is an official language of The City State of Amuj.
Phonology
Consonants
Sesje has a total of 85 consonants.
Labial | Dentals | Alveolars | Postalveolars | Retroflex | Palatals | Velars | Uvulars | Glottals | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasals | m̥ m ⟨ḿ m⟩ | n̥ n ⟨ń n⟩ | ɳ̊ ɳ ⟨ṇ́ ṇ⟩ | ɲ̥ ɲ ⟨ñ́ ñ⟩ | ŋ̊ ŋ ⟨ŋ́ ŋ⟩ | ɴ̥ ɴ ⟨ŋ̌ ŋ̀⟩ | ||||
Plosives | Voiceless | p p͡ɸ ⟨p p̀⟩ | t ʦ ⟨t ŧ⟩ | ʧ ⟨ç⟩ | ʈ ʈ͡ʂ ⟨ṭ ç̇⟩ | ʨ ⟨ť⟩ | k k͡x ⟨k k̀⟩ | q q͡χ ⟨q q̀⟩ | ||
Voiced | b b͡β ⟨b b̀⟩ | d ʣ ⟨d đ⟩ | ʤ ⟨c⟩ | ɖ ɖ͡ʐ ⟨ḍ c̣⟩ | ʥ ⟨ď⟩ | ɡ ɡ͡ɣ ⟨g g̀⟩ | ɢ ɢ͡ʁ ⟨ġ ġ̖⟩ | |||
Prenasalized | ᵐp ᵐb ᵐp͡ɸ ᵐb͡β ⟨ṕ b́ p̌ b̌⟩ | ⁿt ⁿd ⁿʦ ⁿʣ ⟨t́ d́ ŧ́ đ́⟩ | ⁿʧ ⁿʤ ⟨ḉ ć⟩ | ᶯʈ ᶯɖ ᶯʈ͡ʂ ᶯɖ͡ʐ ⟨ṭ́ ḍ́ ç̇́ ć̣⟩ | ⁿʨ ⁿʥ ⟨ť́ ď́⟩ | ᵑk ᵑg ᵑk͡x ᵑg͡ɣ ⟨ḱ ǵ ǩ ǧ⟩ | ᶰq ᶰɢ ᶰq͡χ ᶰɢ͡ʁ ⟨q́ ġ̗ q̌ ġ̭⟩ | |||
Fricatives | Voiceless | ɸ ⟨f⟩ | θ ⟨þ⟩ | s | ʃ ⟨š⟩ | ʂ ⟨ṣ⟩ | ɕ ç ⟨ś x́⟩ | x ⟨x⟩ | χ ⟨x̀⟩ | h ⟨h⟩ |
Voiced | β ⟨v⟩ | ð | z | ʒ ⟨ž⟩ | ʐ ⟨ẓ⟩ | ʑ ʝ ⟨ź ğ́⟩ | ɣ ⟨ğ⟩ | ʁ ⟨ğ̀⟩ | ɦ ⟨h⟩ | |
Approximants | ʍ w ɥ̊ ɥ ⟨ẃ w w̋ ẅ⟩ | j (ɥ̊ ɥ) |
(ʍ w) |
- Consonant clusters are only allowed at the end of a word if the constituent consonants used to surround an elided [ə], and even then, the consonants may swap to make either an allophone or a more easily pronounced consonant cluster.
- The consonants [m̥ n̥ ɳ̊ ɳ ɲ̊ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ ɴ̥ ɴ ʦ ʣ ʈ ɖ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ ʨ ʥ q ɢ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ɕ ʑ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ɦ ʍ w] can only appear cross-syllabically, meaning across syllables, or at the end of a syllable that used to have an elided vowel [ə].
- Between two vowels or between a vowel and the start of a word, ⟨w ẅ⟩ are pronounced as [w ɥ], not [u y].
- Two identical consonants one after the other get pronounced as a geminated consonant.
Vowels
Sesje has a total of 30 vowels, 11 of which come in short and long varieties, and 5 of which are exclusively long.
Front | Central | Back | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
High | Short | i y ⟨i ẅ⟩ | ɨ ʉ ⟨u ü⟩ | ɯ u ⟨ï w⟩ |
Long | iː yː ⟨ii ẅẅ⟩ | ɨː ʉː ⟨uu üü⟩ | ɯː uː ⟨ïï ww⟩ | |
Near-High | ɪ ʏ ⟨î ẅ̂⟩ | ᵻ ᵿ ⟨û ü̂⟩ | ɯ̽ ʊ ⟨ï̂ û⟩ | |
Mid-High | Short | ɵ ⟨ÿ̂⟩ | ||
Long | eː øː ⟨ee öö⟩ | ɘː ɵː ⟨yy ÿÿ⟩ | ɤː oː ⟨ëë oo⟩ | |
Mid | ǝ ⟨ŷ⟩ | |||
Mid-Low | ɛ œ ⟨e ö⟩ | ɜ ɞ ⟨y ÿ⟩ | ʌ ɔ ⟨ë o⟩ | |
Near-Low | Short | æ ɶ̝ ⟨ê ö̂⟩ | ɐ ⟨ä⟩ | |
Long | æː ɶ̝ː ⟨êê ö̂ö̂⟩ | ɐː ⟨ää⟩ | ||
Low | Short | [a] | ɑ ɒ ⟨a â⟩ | |
Long | [aː] | ɑː ⟨aa⟩ |
- Unstressed [ə] is elided in polysyllabic words.
- Vowels with circumflexes are unstressed variants of circumflexless vowels.
- [ɑ ɑː] may be realised as [a aː] by younger speakers.
- Two identical vowels in hiatus get pronounced as a long vowel.
- Long [ɪ ʏ ᵻ ᵿ ɯ̽ ʊ ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ ɒ] are realised as [iː yː ɨː ʉː ɯː uː eː øː ɘː ɵː ɤː oː ɑː]