Chulhaam
| Chulhaam | |
|---|---|
| Language family | Isolate |
| Writing system | Stellar Script, Latin |
| Official status | |
| Spoken in | Shudrow, Saifeg |
| Regulated by | CMC |
| Speaker | |
| Demonym | Chulhaamese |
| Endonym | Cułām |
| Number of speakers | 41 |
| Technical information | |
| Usage | Signage, Recordkeeping, Official Documents |
| Language code | CLH |
Chulhaam (natively Cułām [ˈt͡ʃu.ɬaːm]) is a language isolate spoken on the southern coast of the Amujan Sea and is an official language of the Republic of Shudrow and of the co-protectorate of Saifeg.
Phonology
Consonants
Chulhaam has 39 total consonants, of which 32 are phonemic:
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m [m̥] ⟨m ḥm⟩ | n [n̥] ⟨n ḥn⟩ | ŋ [ŋ̥] ⟨ŋ ḥŋ⟩ | ɴ [ɴ̥] ⟨ŋ̇ ḥŋ̇⟩ | ||
| Plosive | p b ⟨p/ḥb b/ẇp⟩ | t d ⟨t/ḥd d/ẇt⟩ | k g ⟨k/ḥg g/ẇk⟩ | q ɢ ⟨ḳ/ḥġ ġ/ẇḳ⟩ | ʔ ⟨q⟩ | |
| Affricate | t͡s d͡z ⟨ţ/ts/ḥḑ ḑ/dz/ẇţ⟩ | t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ⟨c/tx/ḥç ç/dj/ẇc⟩ | ||||
| Fricative | ɸ β ⟨f/ḥv v/ẇf⟩ | s z ⟨s/ḥz z/ẇs⟩ | ʃ ʒ ⟨x/ḥj j/ẇx⟩ | x ɣ ⟨h/ḥw w/ẇh⟩ | χ ʁ ⟨ḥ/ḥẇ ẇ/ẇḥ⟩ | |
| Liquid | w [ʍ] ⟨ŭ ḥŭ⟩ | r [r̥] l ɬ ⟨r ḥr l/ẇł ł/ḥl⟩ | j [ç] ⟨ĭ ḥĭ⟩ | (w ʍ) |
- /χC̬/ is realised as [C̥]
- /ʁC̥/ is realised as [C̬]
Vowels
Chulhaam has 12 total vowels qualities, of which 6 are phonemic, in 2 lengths each:
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i iː [y yː] ⟨i ī ĭu ĭū⟩ | [ɨ ɨː] ⟨ŭi ŭī⟩ | u uː ⟨u ū⟩ |
| High-Mid | e eː [ø øː] ⟨e ē ĭo ĭō⟩ | ə əː ⟨y ȳ⟩ | [ɤ ɤː] o oː ⟨ŭe ŭē o ō⟩ |
| Low-Mid | [ɛ ɛː œ œː] | [ɜ] | [ʌ ʌː ɔ ɔː] |
| Low | [æ æː] ⟨ĭa ĭā⟩ | a aː ⟨a ā⟩ | [ɑ ɑː] ⟨ŭa ŭā⟩ |
- In closed syllables, /ə/ makes the following consonant syllabic, while [e eː ø øː əː ɤ ɤː ɔ ɔː] is realised as [ɛ ɛː œ œː ɜː ʌ ʌː ɔ ɔː]
- Word-initially or after closed syllables, /wi wiː ju juː we weː jo joː wa waː ja jaː/ are realised as [ɨ ɨː y yː ɤ ɤː ø øː ɑ ɑː æ æː]
Script
Chulhaam is primarily written in the Stellar Script, which is a featural alphabet.