Chulhaam
| Chulhaam | |
|---|---|
| Language family | Isolate |
| Writing system | Stellar Script, Latin |
| Official status | |
| Spoken in | Shudrow |
| Regulated by | CMC |
| Speaker | |
| Demonym | Chulhaamese |
| Endonym | Cułām |
| Number of speakers | 41 |
| Technical information | |
| Usage | Signage, Recordkeeping, Official Documents |
| Language code | CLH |
Chulhaam (natively Cułām [ˈt͡ʃu.ɬaːm]) is a language isolate spoken on the southern coast of the Amujan Sea and is an official language of the Republic of Shudrow.
Phonology
Consonants
Chulhaam has 39 total consonants, of which 32 are phonemic:
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m [m̥] ⟨m ḥm⟩ | n [n̥] ⟨n ḥn⟩ | ŋ [ŋ̥] ⟨ŋ ḥŋ⟩ | ɴ [ɴ̥] ⟨ŋ̇ ḥŋ̇⟩ | ||
| Plosive | p b ⟨p/ḥb b/ẇp⟩ | t d ⟨t/ḥd d/ẇt⟩ | k g ⟨k/ḥg g/ẇk⟩ | q ɢ ⟨ḳ/ḥġ ġ/ẇḳ⟩ | ʔ ⟨q⟩ | |
| Affricate | t͡s d͡z ⟨ţ/ts/ḥḑ ḑ/dz/ẇţ⟩ | t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ⟨c/tx/ḥç ç/dj/ẇc⟩ | ||||
| Fricative | ɸ β ⟨f/ḥv v/ẇf⟩ | s z ⟨s/ḥz z/ẇs⟩ | ʃ ʒ ⟨x/ḥj j/ẇx⟩ | x ɣ ⟨h/ḥw w/ẇh⟩ | χ ʁ ⟨ḥ/ḥẇ ẇ/ẇḥ⟩ | |
| Liquid | w [ʍ] ⟨ŭ ḥŭ⟩ | r [r̥] l ɬ ⟨r ḥr l/ẇł ł/ḥl⟩ | j [ç] ⟨ĭ ḥĭ⟩ | (w ʍ) |
- /χC̬/ is realised as [C̥]
- /ʁC̥/ is realised as [C̬]
Vowels
Chulhaam has 12 total vowels qualities, of which 6 are phonemic, in 2 lengths each:
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i iː [y yː] ⟨i ī ĭu ĭū⟩ | [ɨ ɨː] ⟨ŭi ŭī⟩ | u uː ⟨u ū⟩ |
| Mid | e eː [ø øː] ⟨e ē ĭo ĭō⟩ | ə əː ⟨y ȳ⟩ | [ɤ ɤː] o oː ⟨ŭe ŭē o ō⟩ |
| Low | [æ æː] ⟨ĭa ĭā⟩ | a aː ⟨a ā⟩ | [ɑ ɑː] ⟨ŭa ŭā⟩ |
- In closed syllables, /ə/ makes the following consonant syllabic, while /əː/ is realised as [ə]
- Word-initially or after closed syllables, /wi wiː ju juː we weː jo joː wa waː ja jaː/ are realised as [ɨ ɨː y yː ɤ ɤː ø øː ɑ ɑː æ æː]
Script
Chulhaam is primarily written in the Stellar Script, which is a featural alphabet.