High Laevanaak
| High Laevanaak | |
|---|---|
| Language family | Laevanaak language family |
| Early form(s) | Ancient Laevanaak, Livanar |
| Era | ca. 100 AD to today |
| Writing system | Laevanaak Script |
| Official status | |
| Spoken in | Enkavak |
| Regulated by | Government of Enkavak |
| Speaker | |
| Demonym | Atlantic, Laevanaaic |
| Number of speakers | at least 2 |
| Technical information | |
| Usage | Native language, government language |
| Language code | LVK |
High Laevanaak or Laevanaak /lɛvɐnɐːk/ (Laevanaak: Laevanaak /lɛvɐnɐːk/) is a mediterranean language derived from Ancient Laevanaak and Kaarratosk. Laevanaak is spoken in Enkavak and was starting to be spoken at around 100 AD. Other languages in the language family of Laevanaak are Livanar, Ancient Laevanaak, Kaarratosk and Navnaak.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glotal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |
| Plosive | k ɡ | ʔ | ||
| Fricative | v | ɬ | ||
| Approximant | l |
/l͜v/ () is an allophone and alternative pronounciation of /ɬ/ in High Laevanaak. Velar phonemes can sometimes be pronounced uvular, these are still allophones in High Laevanaak while in other Laevanaak languages uvular phonemes are their own phonemes.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | (ɪ) | ||
| Mid | ɛ | ||
| Open | a | ɐ | ɑ |
In High Laevanaak most of the time open vowels are allophones. /ɪ/ () is in High Laevanaak often an allophone of /ɛ/.
Script
High Laevanaak has two alphabets. The main alphabet has 16 letters and is used for most of the native words in Laevanaak. The second alphabet has 55 letters and is used for names and loadwords.
Main Alphabet
- Ega /ʔɛːgɑ/ <> is one of the two main vowels and is used for /ɛ/ or /ʔɛ/.
- Lima /lɪːmɑ/ or /lɛːmɑ/ <> is used for /l/.
- Ngelva /ŋɛːl͜vɑ/ or /ŋɛːɬɑ/ <> is used for /ŋ/.
- Ahma /ʔɐʔɐːmɑ/ <> is used for /ʔ/.
- Vneva /vnɛːvɑ/ <> is used for /v/.
- Lveki /l͜vɛːkɪ/, /l͜vɛːkɛ/, /ɬɛːkɪ/ or /ɬɛːkɛ/ <> is only used for special grammatical forms and pronounced /ɛ/ or /ɐ/.
- Vala /vɐːlɑ/ <> is used for /v/.
- Kakiga /kɐkɪːgɑ/ or /kɐkɛːgɑ/ <> is used for /k/.
- Lva Naangangak Kakiga /l͜vɑː nɑˈʔɐŋɐŋɐːk kɐkɪːgɑ/, /l͜vɑː nɑˈʔɐŋɐŋɐːk kɐkɛːgɑ/, /ɬɑː nɑˈʔɐŋɐŋɐːk kɐkɪːgɑ/ or /ɬɑː nɑˈʔɐŋɐŋɐːk kɐkɛːgɑ/ <> is used for /k/.
- Vinga /vɪːŋɑ/ or /vɛːŋɑ/ <> is used for /ɪ/, /ʔɪ/, /ɛ/ or /ʔɛ/.
- Neva /nɛːvɑ/ or Nev /nɛːv/ <> is used for /n/.
- Aglia /ʔɐglɪːʔɑ/ or /ʔɐglɛːʔɑ/ <> is used for /a/, /ʔa/, /ɐ/ or /ʔɐ/.
- Lvma /l͜vmɑ/, /l͜vɐːmɑ/, /ɬmɑ/ or /ɬɐːmɑ/ <> is used for /l͜v/ or /ɬ/.
- Gega /gɛːgɑ/ <> is used for /g/.
- Mim /mɪm/ or Mima /mɪːmɑ/ <> is used for /m/.
- A /ʔɑ/ or /ʔɑː/ <> is used for /ɑ/ or /ʔɑ/.
Second Alphabet
Punctuation and other Signs
- (U+E400) is a space mark.
- (U+E417) is a comma.
- (U+E419) is a sentence ending symbol.
- (U+E41D) is an abbreviation symbol.
- (U+E41C) is a name symbol.
- (U+E458) is a quotation symbol.
- (U+E418) is a seperation symbol used dates and time notation.
- (U+E45C) is a seperation symbol used in adresses and location notation.
- (U+E45E) is a sign mostly used digitaly.
- (U+E45F) is a inverted version of .
- (U+E45B) is a Glanga sign.
Grammar
The grammar of High Laevanaak is simmilar to Latin.
Sentence Structure
Main Clause
subject - object - predicate - acc. object(loc./adv.)
Relative Clause
reference word - comma - relativ pronoun - object - predicate - acc. object(loc./adv.) - comma
Subordinal Clause
main clause - comma - conjunction - subject - object - predicate - acc. object(loc./adv.)
AcI
main clause - comma - subject(acc.) - object - predicate(inf.) - acc. object(loc./adv.)
Word Types
- Article
- Particle
- Relativ pronoun
- Conjunction
- Adjective
- Adverb
- Noun
- Verb
- Numeral
- Pronoun
Punctuation
- A space mark () is written between words if there isn't already another punctuation.
- At the end of a sentence a sentence ending symbol () is written.
- Infront of conjunctions, relative pronouns and AcIs and after relative clauses and AcIs a comma () is written.
- Inbetween a sentence another sentence can be written to amend information. Infront and after that additional sentence a seperation symbol () is written.
Declination
Nouns
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | - -ak /ɑːk/ | - -ek /ɛːk/ |
| Genitive | - -ag /ɑːɡ/ | - -eg /ɛːɡ/ |
| Accusative | - -ang /ɑːŋ/ | - -eng /ɛːŋ/ |
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | - -ahk /ɑʔɑːk/ | - -ehk /ɛʔɛːk/ |
| Genitive | - -ahg /ɑʔɑːɡ/ | - -ehg /ɛʔɛːɡ/ |
| Accusative | - -ahng /ɑʔɑːŋ/ | - -ehng /ɛʔɛːŋ/ |
Adjectives
Prefixes
| Negative | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|---|
| - nga- /ŋɑː/ | - | - lva- /l͜vɑː/ or /ɬɑː/ | - ga- /ɡɑː/ |
Suffixes
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | - -ak /ɑːk/ | - -ek /ɛːk/ |
| Genitive | - -ag /ɑːɡ/ | - -eg /ɛːɡ/ |
| Accusative | - -ang /ɑːŋ/ | - -eng /ɛːŋ/ |
| Adverb | - -alve /ɑːl͜vɛ/ or /ɑːɬɛ/ | |
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | - -ahk /ɑʔɑːk/ | - -ehk /ɛʔɛːk/ |
| Genitive | - -ahg /ɑʔɑːɡ/ | - -ehg /ɛʔɛːɡ/ |
| Accusative | - -ahng /ɑʔɑːŋ/ | - -ehng /ɛʔɛːŋ/ |
| Adverb | - -ahlve /ɑʔɑːl͜vɛ/ or /ɑʔɑːɬɛ/ | |
Conjugation
| Indicative | Infinitive | Irreal | Participle | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |||
| Prefix | - | - | - gu- /ɡɛ/ | - nga- /ŋɑː/, -, ... | ||||
| Suffix | ||||||||
| First Person | - -va /vɐ/ |
- -vi /vɛ/ |
- -vu /vɐ/ |
- -va /vɐ/ |
- -vi /vɛ/ |
- -vumak /vɐmɑːk/, ... |
- -vumek /vɐmɛːk/, ... | |
| Second Person | - -vav /vɐv/ |
- -viv /vɛv/ |
- -vav /vɐv/ |
- -viv /vɛv/ | ||||
| Third Person | - -vam /vɐm/ |
- -vim /vɛm/ |
- -vam /vɐm/ |
- -vim /vɛm/ | ||||
Number System
The Laevanaak number system is base 6, base 12 and base 24 at the same type. The numbers 12 and 6 or lower have their own symbols and are just written with those. Numbers from 7 to 11 and sometimes 12 are written with 6 in the first place and the needed number from 1 to 6 in the second place. numbers from 13 to 23 and sometimes 24 are written similarly with 12 in the first place and the needed number from 1 to 12 in the second place. For numbers higher than that an apostrophe like symbol is needed. In the first place there is any number, after that is the apostrophe like symbol followed by the number symbol for 12 and any number from 1 to 23. It is read as the first number times 24 plus the last number.
| English | Laevanaak | English | Laevanaak | English | Laevanaak | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Number | Written | Number | Number | Written | Number | Number | Written |
| 1 | | Ang | 17 | Ngavalve | 33 | Lvaklangval | ||
| 2 | | Ve | 18 | Valvalve | 34 | Lvagleval | ||
| 3 | | Klang | 19 | Valveangval | 35 | Lvangaval | ||
| 4 | | Gle | 20 | Valveveval | 36 | Lvavalve | ||
| 5 | | Ngav | 21 | Valveklangval | 37 | Lvahngvalve | ||
| 6 | | Val | 22 | Valvegleval | 38 | Lvavevalve | ||
| 7 | | Angval | 23 | Valvengaval | 39 | Lvaklangvalve | ||
| 8 | | Veval | 24 | | Lva | 40 | Lvaglevalve | |
| 9 | | Klangval | 25 | Lvahng | 41 | Lvangavalve | ||
| 10 | | Gleval | 26 | Lvave | 42 | Lvavalvalve | ||
| 11 | | Ngaval | 27 | Lvaklang | 43 | Lvavalveangval | ||
| 12 | | Valve | 28 | Lvagle | 44 | Lvavalveveval | ||
| 13 | Angvalve | 29 | Lvangav | 45 | Lvavalveklangval | |||
| 14 | Vevalve | 30 | Lvaval | 46 | Lvavalvegleval | |||
| 15 | Klangvalve | 31 | Lvahngval | 47 | Lvavalvengaval | |||
| 16 | Glevalve | 32 | Lvaveval | 48 | | Venlva | ||
Name System
There are 5 different kind of names in Laevanaak:
- given name
- A given name is the name parents choose for their child after birth. A given name can be translated from other languages into Laevanaak.
- genus name
- A genus name is a mostly positive descripion of the named. Mostly it is also chosen by the parents.
- glotic name
- A glotic name is an additional name that is mostly based on the mother tounge of the named.
- relative name
- A relative name is a modification of the given name of a person close to the named.
- zodiac name
- A zodiac name is the name based on the birth year / month in the Laevanaak Calendar.
It is differentiated between three types of tiles:
- first degree (like doctor, captain, ...)
- second degree (like king/queen, ...)
- third degree (like senator, mayor, ...)
The order of a formal name is:
- first degree title
- given name
- second degree title
- genus name
- glotic name
- first degree title
- relative name
- zodiac name
- third degree title
Famous Speakers
There were a lot of famous people in history, who were speaking Laevanaak:
- Namnak Ⅰ spoke Livanar
- Plutarch or Πλούταρχος spoke High Laevanaak
- Eratosthenes or Ἐρατοσθένης spoke Ancient Laevanaak
- Aeschylus or Αἰσχύλος spoke Livanar
- Plato or Πλάτων spoke Ancient Laevanaak
- Aristotele or Ἀριστοτέλης spoke Ancient Laevanaak
- Gaius Julius Ceasar spoke Ancient Laevanaak and Kaarratosk
- Servius Galba Caesar Augustus spoke Kaarratosk
- Marcus Aurelius Antoninus spoke High Laevanaak and Kaarratosk
- Namnak Xhesas speaks High Laevanaak
Differences to Other Laevanaak Languages
Livanar
The main differences to Livanar are the lack of grammatical forms in High Laevanaak and the absence of latin loanwords in Livanar.
Ancient Laevanaak
The main differences to Ancient Laevanaak are the pronounciation and the absence of latin loanwords in Ancient Laevanaak.
Kaarratosk
The main differences to Kaarratosk are the alphabet, the pronounciation and the lack of grammatical forms in High Laevanaak.
The main differences to Navnaak are the pronounciation and the syntax.