Xadwg: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name=Cadwg
|name=Xadwg
|family=[[Sesje|Sesjan]]
|family=[[Sesje|Sesjan]]
|scripts=Cadwg Script, Nahan Script (in [[Pozhazh]])
|scripts=Xadwg Script, Nahan Script (in [[Pozhazh]])
|country=[[North Amuj]], [[South Amuj]]
|country=[[North Amuj]]
|regulator=Gepach Iris in North Amuj, Zhrukbush Ian in South Amuj
|regulator=Gepach Iris
|number=6
|number=37
|usage=Recordkeeping and signage
|usage=Recordkeeping and signage
|lang-code=CDG
|lang-code=CDG
|endonym=<span class=script-cadwg>Cadŵg</span> [ˈʒa.duɡ]<br>Zyadug [ˈʐɑ.dug]
|endonym=<span class=script-cadwg>Xadwg</span> [ˈʒa.duɡ]
|exonym=Zhadugan
|exonym=Zhadugan
}}
}}


'''Zhadugan''', also known as ''Cadwg'' (Natively: ''<span class=script-cadwg>Cadŵg Od</span>'' [ʒa.duɡ od]/ ''Zyadug Oody'' [ˈʐɑ.dug oːd͡ʐ]), is a [[Sesje|Sesjan]] language spoken on the northern coast of the [[Amujan Sea]] and is an official language of [[North Amuj|The City State of Amuj]] and of [[South Amuj|the People's Free City of Amuj]].
'''Zhadugan''', also known as ''Xadwg'' (Natively: ''<span class=script-cadwg>Xadwg Od</span>'' [ʒa.duɡ od]), was a [[Sesje|Sesjan]] language spoken on the northern coast of the [[Amujan Sea]] and was an official language of [[North Amuj|The City State of Amuj]].
 
== Dialects ==
There are 2 main dialects of '''Cadwg'''
* Northern Cadwg (<span class=script-cadwg>Nŵx Cadŵg</span> [nuʃ ˈʒa.dug]
* Southern Cadwg (Kab Zyadug [kɑb ˈʐɑ.dug])


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
=== Northern Cadwg ===
=== Consonants ===
==== Consonants ====
'''Xadwg''' had 19-20 phonemic consonants:
Northern '''Cadwg''' has 19-20 phonemic consonants:


{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
Line 31: Line 25:
| /n/
| /n/
|  
|  
| ([ŋ] ⟨q⟩)
| ([ŋ] ⟨ŋ⟩)
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Plosive
! rowspan="2" | Plosive
Line 50: Line 44:
| /f/
| /f/
| /s/
| /s/
| /ʃ/ ⟨x⟩
| /ʃ/ ⟨c⟩
| /x/ ⟨h⟩
| /x/ ⟨q⟩
|-
|-
! Voiced
! Voiced
| /v/
| /v/
|  
|  
| /ʒ/ ⟨c⟩
| /ʒ/ ⟨x⟩
| /ɣ/ ⟨ȝ⟩
| /ɣ/ ⟨h⟩
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Liquid
! colspan="2" | Liquid
| /β̞/ ⟨w⟩
| /β̞/ ⟨ł⟩
| /r l/
| /r l/
| /j/
| /j/
Line 69: Line 63:
* [ŋ] appears only in loanwords
* [ŋ] appears only in loanwords


==== Vowels ====
=== Vowels ===
Northern '''Cadwg''' has 7 phonemic vowels:
'''Xadwg''' had 7 phonemic vowels:


{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
Line 91: Line 85:
|}
|}


=== Southern Cadwg ===
==== Consonants ====
Southern '''Cadwg''' has 27 phonemic consonants:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" | Consonants !! Labial !! Alveolar !! Retroflex !! Palatal !! Velar !! Uvular
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| /m/ || /n/ || || /ɲ/ ⟨ny⟩ || || /ɴ/ ⟨ṅ⟩
|-
! rowspan="2" | Plosive
! Voiceless
| /p/ || /t/ || /t͡ʂ/ ⟨ty⟩ || || /k/ || /q/
|-
! Voiced
| /b/ || /d/ || /d͡ʐ/ ⟨dy⟩ || || /g/ || /ɢ/ ⟨ȝ⟩
|-
! rowspan="2" | Fricative
! Voiceless
| /f/ || /s/ || /ʂ/ ⟨sy⟩ || || /x/ || /χ/ ⟨h⟩
|-
! Voiced
| /v/ || /z/ || /ʐ/ ⟨zy⟩ || || /ɣ/ ⟨j⟩ || /ʁ/ ⟨rh⟩
|-
! colspan="2" | Liquid
| /w/ || /ɫ/ ⟨l⟩ || || /j/ ⟨y⟩ || (w) || /ʀ/ ⟨r⟩
|}
* Unlike in Northern '''Cadwg''', alveolar and postalveolar consonants don't allophonize when in contact with velar consonants.
* /w ɫ ʂ ʐ/ (spelled ⟨w l sy zy⟩) unconditionally replace /β̞ l ʃ ʒ/.
* Southern '''Cadwg''' also has the phonemes /t͡ʂ d͡ʐ ɲ ɴ q ɢ χ ʁ ʀ/ (spelled ⟨ty dy ny ṅ q ȝ h rh r⟩).
* Southern '''Cadwg''' respells /j x ɣ/ as ⟨y x j⟩.
==== Vowels ====
Southern '''Cadwg''' has 6 phonemic vowels, each with 2 phonemic length:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" | Vowels !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
! rowspan="2" | High
! Short
| /i/ || /ɨ/ ⟨û⟩ || /u/
|-
! Long
| /iː/ ⟨ii⟩ || /ɨː/ ⟨ûû⟩ || /uː/ ⟨uu⟩
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mid
! Short
| /e/ || || /o/
|-
! Long
| /eː/ ⟨ee⟩ || || /oː/ ⟨oo⟩
|-
! rowspan="2" | Low
! Short
| || || /ɑ/
|-
! Long
| || || /ɑː/ ⟨aa⟩
|}
* Unlike in Northern '''Cadwg''', /ə əː/ are merged with /ɑ ɑː/.
* Southern '''Cadwg''' respells /ɨ u/ as ⟨û u⟩.


== Orthography ==
== Orthography ==
'''Cadwg''', along with the other [[Sesje|Sesjan]] languages, uses the Cadwg Script. However, '''Cadwg''' speakers in southern [[Pozhazh]] may instead use an adapted form of the Nahan Script due to contact with [[Mosici]] speakers at [[Ymécopaltarrévein]].
'''Xadwg''', along with most [[Sesje|Sesjan]] languages except for [[Zanchulese]], uses the Xadwg Script. However, '''Xadwg''' speakers in southern [[Amujan Pozhazh|Pozhazh]] may instead use an adapted form of the Nahan Script due to contact with [[Mosici]] speakers at [[Pòjaj|Ymécopaltarrévein]].
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants
|+ Consonants
|-
|-
! Cadwg Letter !! Romanization !! C-Nahan<ref>Short for Cadwg-adapted Nahan Script</ref> Letter
! Xadwg Letter !! Romanization !! X-Nahan<ref>Short for Xadwg-adapted Nahan Script</ref> Letter
|-
|-
| <span class=script-cadwg>m</span> || m || <span class=script-nahan>m</span>
| <span class=script-cadwg>m</span> || m || <span class=script-nahan>m</span>
Line 166: Line 97:
| <span class=script-cadwg>n</span> || n || <span class=script-nahan>n</span>
| <span class=script-cadwg>n</span> || n || <span class=script-nahan>n</span>
|-
|-
| <span class=script-cadwg>q</span> || q || [[File:C-Nahan Letter Q.png|10px]]
| <span class=script-cadwg>ŋ</span> || ŋ || [[File:C-Nahan Letter Q.png|10px]]
|-
|-
| <span class=script-cadwg>p</span> || p || <span class=script-nahan>p</span>
| <span class=script-cadwg>p</span> || p || <span class=script-nahan>p</span>
Line 184: Line 115:
| <span class=script-cadwg>s</span> || s || <span class=script-nahan>s</span>
| <span class=script-cadwg>s</span> || s || <span class=script-nahan>s</span>
|-
|-
| <span class=script-cadwg>x</span> || x || <span class=script-nahan>si</span>
| <span class=script-cadwg>c</span> || c || <span class=script-nahan>si</span>
|-
|-
| <span class=script-cadwg>h</span> || h || <span class=script-nahan>h</span>
| <span class=script-cadwg>q</span> || q || <span class=script-nahan>h</span>
|-
|-
| <span class=script-cadwg>v</span> || v || <span class=script-nahan>v</span>
| <span class=script-cadwg>v</span> || v || <span class=script-nahan>v</span>
|-
|-
| <span class=script-cadwg>c</span> || c || <span class=script-nahan>zi</span>
| <span class=script-cadwg>x</span> || x || <span class=script-nahan>zi</span>
|-
|-
| <span class=script-cadwg>ȝ</span> || ȝ || <span class=script-nahan>r</span>
| <span class=script-cadwg>h</span> || h || <span class=script-nahan>r</span>
|-
|-
| <span class=script-cadwg>w</span> || w || <span class=script-nahan>u</span>
| <span class=script-cadwg>ł</span> || ł || <span class=script-nahan>u</span>
|-
|-
| <span class=script-cadwg>r</span> || r || [[File:C-Nahan Letter R.png|10px]]
| <span class=script-cadwg>r</span> || r || [[File:C-Nahan Letter R.png|10px]]
Line 206: Line 137:
|+ Vowels
|+ Vowels
|-
|-
! Cadwg Letter !! Romanization !! C-Nahan Letter
! Xadwg Letter !! Romanization !! X-Nahan Letter
|-
|-
| <span class=script-cadwg>i</span> || i || <span class=script-nahan>é</span>
| <span class=script-cadwg>i</span> || i || <span class=script-nahan>é</span>
Line 212: Line 143:
| <span class=script-cadwg>u</span> || u || <span class=script-nahan>éo</span>
| <span class=script-cadwg>u</span> || u || <span class=script-nahan>éo</span>
|-
|-
| <span class=script-cadwg>ŵ</span> || w || <span class=script-nahan>ó</span>
| <span class=script-cadwg>w</span> || w || <span class=script-nahan>ó</span>
|-
|-
| <span class=script-cadwg>e</span> || e || <span class=script-nahan>e</span>
| <span class=script-cadwg>e</span> || e || <span class=script-nahan>e</span>

Latest revision as of 11:42, 20 November 2024

Xadwg
Language familySesjan
Writing systemXadwg Script, Nahan Script (in Pozhazh)
Official status
Spoken inNorth Amuj
Regulated byGepach Iris
Speaker
EndonymXadwg [ˈʒa.duɡ]
ExonymZhadugan
Number of speakers37
Technical information
UsageRecordkeeping and signage
Language codeCDG


Zhadugan, also known as Xadwg (Natively: Xadwg Od [ʒa.duɡ od]), was a Sesjan language spoken on the northern coast of the Amujan Sea and was an official language of The City State of Amuj.

Phonology

Consonants

Xadwg had 19-20 phonemic consonants:

Consonants Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal /m/ /n/ ([ŋ] ⟨ŋ⟩)
Plosive Voiceless /p/ /t/ /k/
Voiced /b/ /d/ /ɡ/
Fricative Voiceless /f/ /s/ /ʃ/ ⟨c⟩ /x/ ⟨q⟩
Voiced /v/ /ʒ/ ⟨x⟩ /ɣ/ ⟨h⟩
Liquid /β̞/ ⟨ł⟩ /r l/ /j/
  • /n t d s r l ʃ ʒ/ become allophonic [nˠ tˠ dˠ sˠ rˠ ɫ ʂ ʐ] when in contact with /k ɡ x ɣ/
  • [ŋ] appears only in loanwords

Vowels

Xadwg had 7 phonemic vowels:

Vowels Front Central Back
High /i/ /ɨ/ ⟨u⟩ /u/ ⟨w⟩
Mid /e/ /ə/ ⟨y⟩ /o/
Low /a/


Orthography

Xadwg, along with most Sesjan languages except for Zanchulese, uses the Xadwg Script. However, Xadwg speakers in southern Pozhazh may instead use an adapted form of the Nahan Script due to contact with Mosici speakers at Ymécopaltarrévein.

Consonants
Xadwg Letter Romanization X-Nahan[1] Letter
m m m
n n n
ŋ ŋ
p p p
t t t
k k c
b b
d d
g g
f f f
s s s
c c si
q q h
v v v
x x zi
h h r
ł ł u
r r
l l l
j j i
Vowels
Xadwg Letter Romanization X-Nahan Letter
i i é
u u éo
w w ó
e e e
y y eo
o o o
a a a

References

  1. ↑ Short for Xadwg-adapted Nahan Script
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